1
|
Hou Y, Liu X, Li S, Zhang X, Yu S, Zhao GR. Metabolic Engineering of Escherichia coli for de Novo Production of Betaxanthins. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:8370-8380. [PMID: 32627549 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Betalains are emerging natural pigments with high tinctorial strength and stability, physiological activities, and fluorescent properties for potential application in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Betalains including yellow betaxanthins and red betacyanins are mainly restricted in the Caryophyllales plants. To expand the availability of individual betaxanthins, here, we constructed an Escherichia coli BTA6 for de novo biosynthesis of betalamic acid. Using this strain as a monoculture platform, 14 yellow and 2 red betaxanthins were produced by feeding amino acids and amines. Furthermore, we constructed an l-histidine overproducing strain using chromosome engineering to deattenuate regulation and established a coculture system. After optimization of the initial inoculation ratios and fermentation conditions, the compatible and robust coculture system produced 287.69 mg/L of histidine-betaxanthin. This is the first report on de novo production of betaxanthins in engineered E. coli using glucose as a carbon source. Our work highlights the feasibility of microbial cell factories to produce individual betalains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Hou
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xue Liu
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Shilin Li
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Sili Yu
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Guang-Rong Zhao
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Antibiotic free selection for the high level biosynthesis of a silk-elastin-like protein. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39329. [PMID: 27982135 PMCID: PMC5159808 DOI: 10.1038/srep39329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Silk-elastin-like proteins (SELPs) are a family of genetically engineered recombinant protein polymers exhibiting mechanical and biological properties suited for a wide range of applications in the biomedicine and materials fields. They are being explored as the next generation of biomaterials but low productivities and use of antibiotics during production undermine their economic viability and safety. We have developed an industrially relevant, scalable, fed-batch process for the high level production of a novel SELP in E. coli in which the commonly used antibiotic selection marker of the expression vector is exchanged for a post segregational suicide system, the separate-component-stabilisation system (SCS). SCS significantly augments SELP productivity but also enhances the product safety profile and reduces process costs by eliminating the use of antibiotics. Plasmid content increased following induction but no significant differences in plasmid levels were discerned when using SCS or the antibiotic selection markers under the controlled fed-batch conditions employed. It is suggested that the absence of competing plasmid-free cells improves host cell viability and enables increased productivity with SCS. With the process developed, 12.8 g L−1 purified SELP was obtained, this is the highest SELP productivity reported to date and clearly demonstrates the commercial viability of these promising polymers.
Collapse
|
3
|
Lieder S, Nikel PI, de Lorenzo V, Takors R. Genome reduction boosts heterologous gene expression in Pseudomonas putida. Microb Cell Fact 2015; 14:23. [PMID: 25890048 PMCID: PMC4352270 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-015-0207-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The implementation of novel platform organisms to be used as microbial cell factories in industrial applications is currently the subject of intense research. Ongoing efforts include the adoption of Pseudomonas putida KT2440 variants with a reduced genome as the functional chassis for biotechnological purposes. In these strains, dispensable functions removed include flagellar motility (1.1% of the genome) and a number of open reading frames expected to improve genotypic and phenotypic stability of the cells upon deletion (3.2% of the genome). RESULTS In this study, two previously constructed multiple-deletion P. putida strains were systematically evaluated as microbial cell factories for heterologous protein production and compared to the parental bacterium (strain KT2440) with regards to several industrially-relevant physiological traits. Energetic parameters were quantified at different controlled growth rates in continuous cultivations and both strains had a higher adenosine triphosphate content, increased adenylate energy charges, and diminished maintenance demands than the wild-type strain. Under all the conditions tested the mutants also grew faster, had enhanced biomass yields and showed higher viability, and displayed increased plasmid stability than the parental strain. In addition to small-scale shaken-flask cultivations, the performance of the genome-streamlined strains was evaluated in larger scale bioreactor batch cultivations taking a step towards industrial growth conditions. When the production of the green fluorescent protein (used as a model heterologous protein) was assessed in these cultures, the mutants reached a recombinant protein yield with respect to biomass up to 40% higher than that of P. putida KT2440. CONCLUSIONS The two streamlined-genome derivatives of P. putida KT2440 outcompeted the parental strain in every industrially-relevant trait assessed, particularly under the working conditions of a bioreactor. Our results demonstrate that these genome-streamlined bacteria are not only robust microbial cell factories on their own, but also a promising foundation for further biotechnological applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Lieder
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Pablo I Nikel
- Systems and Synthetic Biology Program, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), C/Darwin 3, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Víctor de Lorenzo
- Systems and Synthetic Biology Program, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), C/Darwin 3, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ralf Takors
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Silva F, Queiroz JA, Domingues FC. Evaluating metabolic stress and plasmid stability in plasmid DNA production by Escherichia coli. Biotechnol Adv 2012; 30:691-708. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Revised: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
|
5
|
Alfasi S, Sevastsyanovich Y, Zaffaroni L, Griffiths L, Hall R, Cole J. Use of GFP fusions for the isolation of Escherichia coli strains for improved production of different target recombinant proteins. J Biotechnol 2011; 156:11-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2011.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2010] [Revised: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
6
|
Impact of plasmid induction strategy on overall plasmid DNA yield and E. coli physiology using flow cytometry and real-time PCR. Process Biochem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2010.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
7
|
Silva F, Lourenço O, Pina-Vaz C, Rodrigues AG, Queiroz JA, Domingues FC. The use of DRAQ5 to monitor intracellular DNA in Escherichia coli by flow cytometry. J Fluoresc 2010; 20:907-14. [PMID: 20352307 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-010-0636-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2009] [Accepted: 03/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Flow cytometry provides a rapid and high-content multiparameter analysis of individual microorganisms within a population. In the past years, several fluorescent stains were developed in order to monitor DNA content distribution and cell-cycle phases, mainly in eukaryotic cells. Recently, due to its low detection limits, several of these fluorescent stains were also applied to prokaryotic cells. In this study, the ability of a novel far-red fluorescent stain DRAQ5 in assessing intracellular DNA content distribution in Escherichia coli DH5alpha was evaluated. The results showed that a DRAQ5-labelled live E. coli suspension can be obtained by incubation of 1 x 10(6) cells/mL with 5 microM DRAQ5 in PBS buffer supplemented with EDTA (pH = 7.4) during 30 min at 37 degrees C. Flow cytometric analysis of fixed E. coli cells revealed that ethanol should be used in detriment of glutaraldehyde for DRAQ5 labelling. After the analysis of RNase and DNase digested samples, DRAQ5 was proven to be a specific DNA labelling stain. The present study demonstrates that the use of DRAQ5 as a DNA-labelling stain provides an easy assessment of intracellular DNA content and cell-cycle phases in gram-negative bacteria such as E. coli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filomena Silva
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sense and nonsense from a systems biology approach to microbial recombinant protein production. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2010; 55:9-28. [PMID: 20044926 DOI: 10.1042/ba20090174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The 'Holy Grail' of recombinant protein production remains the availability of generic protocols and hosts for the production of even the most difficult target products. The present review provides first an explanation why the shock imposed on bacteria using a standard induction protocol not only arrests growth, but also decreases the number of colony-forming units by several orders of magnitude. Particular emphasis is placed on findings of numerous genome-wide transcriptomic studies that highlight cellular stress, in which the general stress, heat-shock and stringent responses are the underlying basis for the manifestation of the deterioration of cell physiology. We then review common approaches used to solve bottlenecks in protein folding and post-translational modification that result in recombinant protein deposition in cytoplasmic inclusion bodies. Finally, we suggest a generic approach to process design that minimizes stress on the production host and a strategy for isolating improved hosts.
Collapse
|
9
|
Shitu JO, Woodley JM, Wnek R, Chartrain M, Hewitt CJ. Induction studies with Escherichia coli expressing recombinant interleukin-13 using multi-parameter flow cytometry. Biotechnol Lett 2009; 31:577-84. [PMID: 19125223 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-008-9908-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2008] [Accepted: 12/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The expression of interleukin-13 (IL13) following induction with IPTG in Escherichia coli results in metabolic changes as indicated by multi-parameter flow cytometry and traditional methods of fermentation profiling (O2 uptake rate, CO2 evolution rate and optical density measurements). Induction early in the rapid growth phase was optimal although this led to lower overall biomass concentrations and lower maximum specific growth rates. In contrast, induction in the mid-rapid growth phase was the most detrimental to cell quality as measured by cytoplamsic membrane depolarisation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer O Shitu
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E7JE, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Soriano E, Borth N, Katinger H, Mattanovich D. Optimization of recombinant protein expression level in Escherichia coli by flow cytometry and cell sorting. Biotechnol Bioeng 2002; 80:93-9. [PMID: 12209790 DOI: 10.1002/bit.10353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli often leads to a severe growth retardation of the host cells. The phage T7 promoter phi10 in a pET vector was utilized to express human superoxide dismutase. Induction with IPTG lead to an increase in protein content and cell size and a termination of cell division, due to the deviation of the general metabolic fluxes from all cellular processes to plasmid maintenance and foreign protein synthesis. To generate promoter mutants which are better tolerated by the host cells we constructed a random mutation library by PCR with degenerated primers in a part of the promoter involved in the binding to the RNA polymerase and the initiation of transcription. This library was sorted by flow cytometry for cells with a lower total protein content as an indicator for continued cell replication and hence a less severe stress situation. The clones obtained had a similar SOD production compared to the original strain, but were able to reach higher densities in a batch culture, which resulted in a higher total yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Soriano
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Balbás P. Understanding the art of producing protein and nonprotein molecules in Escherichia coli. Mol Biotechnol 2001; 19:251-67. [PMID: 11721622 DOI: 10.1385/mb:19:3:251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The high-level production of functional proteins in E. coli is a very extense field of research in biotechnology. A number of important aspects to be considered in the initial design of an expression system and their interplay, were clear years ago. However, in recent times, strategies that go beyond transcription, translation, stability, vector, and strain choice, have been developed; so now expression of active peptides can be viewed as a more integrated process. Coexpression of protein subunits, foldases and chaperones, protein folding, location and purification schemes, metabolic engineering of the cell's central metabolism, and in vitro refolding strategies, are some of the novelties that are now available to aid in the success of an efficient expression system for active heterologous proteins. This review presents a compilation of the basic issues that influence the success in the production of protein and nonprotein products in Escherichia coli, as well as some general strategies designed to facilitate downstream process operations and improve biosynthesis yields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Balbás
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos CP 62210, México.
| |
Collapse
|