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Zhang W, Jiang X, Jia Z, Tian H, Wang R, Ma Y, Ma Z, Wang X, Hu C. Drugs causing prostate-specific antigen changes: the food and drug administration adverse event reporting system combined with Mendelian randomization analysis. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2024:1-8. [PMID: 39276000 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2024.2405577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2024] [Revised: 09/07/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignancies in men worldwide, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening is widely used for its early detection. Drug use may affect PSA levels, but the effect for most drugs is currently unknown. METHODS This study first investigated drugs related to PSA changes through the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERs) database, and then used a Mendelian randomization (MR) method to explore the causal relationship between specific drugs and PSA changes using a genome-wide association study (GWAS) data. The statistical analysis software SAS and R were used in the study. RESULTS Through analysis of the FAERs database, 22 drugs were found to be associated with an increase in PSA, and 14 drugs were associated with a decrease in PSA. MR analysis showed that the use of tamsulosin may lead to an increase in PSA. Heterogeneity test, horizontal pleiotropy test and leave-one-out Analysis verified the stability of the results. MR analyses for other drugs did not show statistical significance. CONCLUSION This study provided a basis for better understanding the impact of medications on prostate health, helping to avoid overdiagnosis or underdiagnosis of high-risk patients. However, research still requires larger-scale validation and in-depth exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Urology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Urology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhisheng Jia
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Hua Tian
- Department of Operating Room, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Renjie Wang
- Department of Urology, Sixth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yuepeng Ma
- Department of High School, Jinzhong Boya Peiwen Experimental School, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhifang Ma
- Department of Urology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Urology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Caoyang Hu
- Department of Urology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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2
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Samaratunga H, Delahunt B, Olsson M, Aly M, Egevad L, Yaxley J. Benign prostatic hyperplasia and insignificant prostate cancer with very high levels of serum prostate specific antigen. Pathology 2024:S0031-3025(24)00189-2. [PMID: 39237382 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2024.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Brett Delahunt
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand; Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mats Olsson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Markus Aly
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Egevad
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John Yaxley
- University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia; Wesley Hospital, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
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Tessema ZT, Tesema GA, Wah W, Ahern S, Papa N, Millar JL, Earnest A. Bayesian Spatio-Temporal Multilevel Modelling of Patient-Reported Quality of Life following Prostate Cancer Surgery. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1093. [PMID: 38891168 PMCID: PMC11171974 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12111093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths among males. It is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in Australia. The quality of life of prostate cancer patients is poorer when compared to the general population due to the disease itself and its related complications. However, there is limited research on the geographic pattern of quality of life and its risk factors in Victoria. Therefore, an examination of the spatio-temporal pattern and risk factors of poor quality of life, along with the impact of spatial weight matrices on estimates and model performance, was conducted. METHOD A retrospective study was undertaken based on the Prostate Cancer Outcome Registry-Victoria data. Patient data (n = 5238) were extracted from the Prostate Cancer Outcome Registry, a population-based clinical quality outcome assessment from 2015 to 2021. A Bayesian spatio-temporal multilevel model was fitted to identify risk factors for poor quality of life. This study also evaluated the impact of distance- and adjacency-based spatial weight matrices. Model convergence was assessed using Gelman-Rubin statistical plots, and model comparison was based on the Watanabe-Akaike Information Criterion. RESULTS A total of 1906 (36.38%) prostate cancer patients who had undergone surgery experienced poor quality of life in our study. Belonging to the age group between 76 and 85 years (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.90, 95% credible interval (CrI): 1.39, 2.08), having a prostate-specific antigen level between 10.1 and 20.0 (AOR = 1.33, 95% CrI: 1.12, 1.58), and being treated in a public hospital (AOR = 1.35, 95% CrI: 1.17, 1.53) were significantly associated with higher odds of poor quality of life. Conversely, residing in highly accessible areas (AOR = 0.60, 95% CrI: 0.38, 0.94) was significantly associated with lower odds of poor prostate-specific antigen levels. Variations in estimates and model performance were observed depending on the choice of spatial weight matrices. CONCLUSION Belonging to an older age group, having a high prostate-specific antigen level, receiving treatment in public hospitals, and remoteness were statistically significant factors linked to poor quality of life. Substantial spatio-temporal variations in poor quality of life were observed in Victoria across local government areas. The distance-based weight matrix performed better than the adjacency-based matrix. This research finding highlights the need to reduce geographical disparities in quality of life. The statistical methods developed in this study may also be useful to apply to other population-based clinical registry settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zemenu Tadesse Tessema
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar P.O. Box 196, Ethiopia
| | - Getayeneh Antehunegn Tesema
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar P.O. Box 196, Ethiopia
| | - Win Wah
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Susannah Ahern
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Nathan Papa
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Jeremy Laurence Millar
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Arul Earnest
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
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Maeda-Minami A, Nishikawa T, Ishikawa H, Mutoh M, Akimoto K, Matsuyama Y, Mano Y, Uemura H. Association of PSA variability with prostate cancer development using large-scale medical information data: a retrospective cohort study. Genes Environ 2023; 45:25. [PMID: 37848957 PMCID: PMC10580524 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-023-00280-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers among men worldwide and the fourth most common cause of death. The number of prostate cancer cases and deaths is increasing every year because of population aging. This study aimed to clarify the risk of developing prostate cancer due to fluctuations in Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) levels in patients without a history of prostate cancer using large medical information data. RESULTS This retrospective cohort included 1707 male patients aged 60 years or older who had a PSA level measurement date (2-PSA) within 3 months or more and 2 years from the first PSA level measurement date (1-PSA) in the database between 2008 and 2019. We subtracted 1-PSA from 2-PSA and designated patients with a higher 2-PSA than 1-PSA to the "up" group (n = 967) and patients with a lower 2-PSA than 1-PSA to the "down" group (n = 740). By using Cox proportional hazards model, a significant increase in prostate cancer risk was observed in the up group compared with the down group (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 1.82, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.21-2.72; adjusted for patient background factors). Subgroup analysis showed that patients with PSA levels < 4 ng/mL had a significantly increased risk of developing prostate cancer if the next PSA level increases by approximately 20% (adjusted HR = 2.94, 95% CI = 1.14-7.58), and patients with PSA levels of 4 ng/mL or higher if the next PSA level is decreased by approximately 20% had a significantly reduced risk of developing prostate cancer (adjusted HR = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.18-0.74), compared to that with no change. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to clarify the association between PSA variability and risk of developing prostate cancer in patients without a history of prostate cancer. These results suggest that the suppression of elevated PSA levels may lead to the prevention of prostate cancer and that it would be better to perform a biopsy because the risk of developing prostate cancer may increase in the future if the PSA value increases above a certain level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Maeda-Minami
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki, Noda, 2641, 278-8510 Chiba Japan
| | - Tomoki Nishikawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki, Noda, 2641, 278-8510 Chiba Japan
| | - Hideki Ishikawa
- Department of Molecular-Targeting Prevention, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michihiro Mutoh
- Department of Molecular-Targeting Prevention, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazunori Akimoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki, Noda, 2641, 278-8510 Chiba Japan
| | - Yutaka Matsuyama
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasunari Mano
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki, Noda, 2641, 278-8510 Chiba Japan
| | - Hiroji Uemura
- Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
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Chen CL, Chen YT, Liao WY, Chang YS, Yu JS, Juo BR. Urinary Metabolomic Analysis of Prostate Cancer by UPLC-FTMS and UPLC-Ion Trap MS n. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2270. [PMID: 37443661 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13132270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulative evidence suggests metabolic disorders correlate with prostate cancer. Metabolic profiling of urine allows the measurement of numerous metabolites simultaneously. This study set up a metabolomic platform consisting of UPLC-FTMS and UPLC-ion trap MSn for urine metabolome analysis. The platform improved retention time, mass accuracy, and signal stability. Additionally, the product ion spectrum obtained from ion trap MSn facilitated structure elucidation of candidate metabolites, especially when authentic standards were not available. Urine samples from six hernia patients and six BPH patients were used for the initial establishment of the analytic platform. This platform was further employed to analyze the urine samples of 27 PCa and 49 BPH patients. Choosing the upper and lower 16% of metabolites, 258 metabolite candidates were selected. Twenty-four of them with AUC values larger than 0.65 were further selected. Eighteen of the twenty-four features can be matched in METLIN and HMDB. Eleven of the eighteen features can be interpreted by MSn experiments. They were used for the combination achieving the best differential power. Finally, four metabolites were combined to reach the AUC value of 0.842 (CI 95, 0.7559 to 0.9279). This study demonstrates the urinary metabolomic analysis of prostate cancer and sheds light on future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Lun Chen
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Chen
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yu Liao
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sun Chang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Jau-Song Yu
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Bao-Rong Juo
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
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Iacob R, Stoicescu ER, Cerbu S, Manolescu DL, Bardan R, Cumpănaş A. Could Biparametric MRI Replace Multiparametric MRI in the Management of Prostate Cancer? Life (Basel) 2023; 13:465. [PMID: 36836822 PMCID: PMC9961917 DOI: 10.3390/life13020465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a worldwide epidemiological problem, since it is one of the most prevalent types of neoplasia among men, and the third-leading cause of cancer-related deaths, after lung and colorectal tumors. Unfortunately, the early stages of PCa have a wide range of unspecific symptoms. For these reasons, early diagnosis and accurate evaluation of suspicious lesions are crucial. Multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) is currently the imaging modality of choice for diagnostic screening and local staging of PCa, but also has a leading role in guiding biopsies and in treatment biparametric MRI (bpMRI) could partially replace mpMRI due to its lack of adverse reactions caused by contrast agents, relatively lower costs, and shorter acquisition time. Further, 31 relevant articles regarding the advantages and disadvantages of the aforementioned imaging techniques were scanned. As a result, while bpMRI has comparable accuracy in detecting PCa, its roles in the other steps of PCa management are limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Iacob
- Doctoral School, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Discipline of Radiology and Medical Imaging, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Emil-Robert Stoicescu
- Doctoral School, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Discipline of Radiology and Medical Imaging, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Simona Cerbu
- Discipline of Radiology and Medical Imaging, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Diana-Luminiţa Manolescu
- Discipline of Radiology and Medical Imaging, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Center for Research and Innovation in Precision Medicine of Respiratory Diseases (CRIPMRD), “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Răzvan Bardan
- Discipline of Urology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Alin Cumpănaş
- Discipline of Urology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
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7
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Jain G, Das P, Ranjan P, Neha, Valderrama F, Cieza-Borrella C. Urinary extracellular vesicles miRNA-A new era of prostate cancer biomarkers. Front Genet 2023; 14:1065757. [PMID: 36741322 PMCID: PMC9895092 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1065757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most common male cancer worldwide showing the highest rates of incidence in Western Europe. Although the measurement of serum prostate-specific antigen levels is the current gold standard in PCa diagnosis, PSA-based screening is not considered a reliable diagnosis and prognosis tool due to its lower sensitivity and poor predictive score which lead to a 22%-43% overdiagnosis, unnecessary biopsies, and over-treatment. These major limitations along with the heterogeneous nature of the disease have made PCa a very unappreciative subject for diagnostics, resulting in poor patient management; thus, it urges to identify and validate new reliable PCa biomarkers that can provide accurate information in regard to disease diagnosis and prognosis. Researchers have explored the analysis of microRNAs (miRNAs), messenger RNAs (mRNAs), small proteins, genomic rearrangements, and gene expression in body fluids and non-solid tissues in search of lesser invasive yet efficient PCa biomarkers. Although the presence of miRNAs in body fluids like blood, urine, and saliva initially sparked great interest among the scientific community; their potential use as liquid biopsy biomarkers in PCa is still at a very nascent stage with respect to other well-established diagnostics and prognosis tools. Up to date, numerous studies have been conducted in search of PCa miRNA-based biomarkers in whole blood or blood serum; however, only a few studies have investigated their presence in urine samples of which less than two tens involve the detection of miRNAs in extracellular vesicles isolated from urine. In addition, there exists some discrepancy around the identification of miRNAs in PCa urine samples due to the diversity of the urine fractions that can be targeted for analysis such as urine circulating cells, cell-free fractions, and exosomes. In this review, we aim to discuss research output from the most recent studies involving the analysis of urinary EVs for the identification of miRNA-based PCa-specific biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Jain
- Centre for Genetic Disorders, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Parimal Das
- Centre for Genetic Disorders, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Prashant Ranjan
- Centre for Genetic Disorders, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Neha
- Centre for Genetic Disorders, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Ferran Valderrama
- Centre for Biomedical Education, Cell Biology and Genetics Research Centre, St. George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Clara Cieza-Borrella
- Centre for Biomedical Education, Cell Biology and Genetics Research Centre, St. George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom
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8
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Su Y, Li C, Fang Y, Gu X, Zheng Q, Lu J, Li L. The role of LncRNA LBX2-AS1 in cancers: functions, mechanisms and potential clinical utility. Clin Transl Oncol 2023; 25:293-305. [PMID: 36131071 PMCID: PMC9873731 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-02944-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Increasingly advanced biology technique has revealed that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) as critical factors that exert significant regulatory effects on biological functions by modulating gene transcription, epigenetic modifications and protein translation. A newly emerging lncRNA, ladybird homeobox 2 (LBX2)-antisense RNA 1 (LBX2-AS1), was found to be highly expressed in various tumors. Moreover, it is functionally linked to the regulation of essential tumor-related biological processes, such as cell proliferation and apoptosis, through interactions with multiple signaling molecules/pathways. The important roles played by LBX2-AS1 in cancer initiation and progression suggest that this lncRNA has enormous clinical potential for use as a novel biomarker or therapeutic target. In this article, we retrospectively review the latest advances in research exploring the roles of the lncRNA LBX2-AS1 in oncology field, highlighting its involvement in a comprehensive network of molecular mechanisms underlying diverse cancers and examining its potential applications in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanshuai Su
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chengzhi Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinyu Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiuxian Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Juan Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
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9
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Sarkar S, Gogoi M, Mahato M, Joshi AB, Baruah AJ, Kodgire P, Boruah P. Biosensors for detection of prostate cancer: a review. Biomed Microdevices 2022; 24:32. [PMID: 36169742 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-022-00631-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Diagnosis of prostate cancer (PC) has posed a challenge worldwide due to the sophisticated and costly diagnostics tools, which include DRE, TRUS, GSU, PET/CT scan, MRI, and biopsy. These diagnostic techniques are very helpful in the detection of PCs; however, all the techniques have their serious limitations. Biosensors are easier to fabricate and do not require any cutting-edge technology as required for other imaging techniques. In this regard, point-of-care (POC) biosensors are important due to their portability, convenience, low cost, and fast procedure. This review explains the various existing diagnostic tools for the detection of PCs and the limitation of these methods. It also focuses on the recent studies on biosensors technologies as an alternative to the conventional diagnostic techniques for the detection of PCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Sarkar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, 793022, Meghalaya, India
| | - Manashjit Gogoi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, 793022, Meghalaya, India.
| | - Mrityunjoy Mahato
- Physics Division, Department of Basic Sciences and Social Sciences, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, 793022, Meghalaya, India
| | - Abhijeet Balwantrao Joshi
- Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore-453552, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Arup Jyoti Baruah
- Department of General Surgery, North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences, Shillong, Meghalaya, India
| | - Prashant Kodgire
- Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore-453552, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Polina Boruah
- Department of Biochemistry, North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences, Shillong-793018, Meghalaya, India
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10
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A Fusion Biopsy Framework for Prostate Cancer Based on Deformable Superellipses and nnU-Net. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9080343. [PMID: 35892756 PMCID: PMC9394419 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9080343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In prostate cancer, fusion biopsy, which couples magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with transrectal ultrasound (TRUS), poses the basis for targeted biopsy by allowing the comparison of information coming from both imaging modalities at the same time. Compared with the standard clinical procedure, it provides a less invasive option for the patients and increases the likelihood of sampling cancerous tissue regions for the subsequent pathology analyses. As a prerequisite to image fusion, segmentation must be achieved from both MRI and TRUS domains. The automatic contour delineation of the prostate gland from TRUS images is a challenging task due to several factors including unclear boundaries, speckle noise, and the variety of prostate anatomical shapes. Automatic methodologies, such as those based on deep learning, require a huge quantity of training data to achieve satisfactory results. In this paper, the authors propose a novel optimization formulation to find the best superellipse, a deformable model that can accurately represent the prostate shape. The advantage of the proposed approach is that it does not require extensive annotations, and can be used independently of the specific transducer employed during prostate biopsies. Moreover, in order to show the clinical applicability of the method, this study also presents a module for the automatic segmentation of the prostate gland from MRI, exploiting the nnU-Net framework. Lastly, segmented contours from both imaging domains are fused with a customized registration algorithm in order to create a tool that can help the physician to perform a targeted prostate biopsy by interacting with the graphical user interface.
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11
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He M, Wang L, Wang H, Liu F, Li M, Chong T, Xue L. A preliminary study on the diagnostic value of PSADR, DPC and TSRP in the distinction of prostatitis and prostate cancer. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:348. [PMID: 35361156 PMCID: PMC8969284 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09445-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of differential diagnosis of prostate specific antigen decline rate (PSADR) per week, degree of prostatic collapse (DPC) and tissue signal rate of prostate (TSRP) between prostatitis and prostate cancer. METHODS The clinical data of 92 patients [prostate specific antigen (PSA) > 10 ng/mL] who underwent prostate biopsy in the Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi 'an Jiaotong University from May 2017 to April 2020 were reviewed retrospectively. They were divided into two groups, prostatitis group (n = 42) and prostate cancer (PCa) group (n = 50), according to pathological results. Parameters, like patient characteristics, PSADR, DPC, TSRP and infectious indicators, were compared and analyzed by t test or non-parametric test to identify if there were significant differences. The thresholds of parameters were determined by the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), and the data were analyzed to investigate the diagnostic value in distinguishing of prostatitis and prostate cancer. RESULTS There were statistical differences in age, PSADR, DPC, TSRP, neutrophil percentage in serum, white blood cell (WBC) in urine and prostate volume between prostatitis group and PCa group (P < 0.001, < 0.001, = 0.001, 0.001, 0.024, 0.014, < 0.001 respectively). There was no statistical difference in serum WBC count, serum neutrophil count, monocyte percentage and urine bacterial count between two groups (P = 0.089, 0.087, 0.248, 0.119, respectively). Determined by ROC curve, when the thresholds of PSADR per week as 3.175 ng/mL/week, DPC as 1.113, TSRP as 2.708 were cutoffs of distinguishing prostatitis and prostate cancer. When combining these three indexes to diagnose, the accuracy rate of diagnosis of prostatitis was 78.85%, the accuracy rate of diagnosis of prostate cancer was 97.50%. Univariate analysis suggested that PSADR, DPC and TSRP played an important role in differentiating prostate cancer from prostatitis (P < 0.05), multivariate analysis suggested PSADR > 3.175 might be good indicators when distinguishing prostate disease with prostatitis (OR = 14.305, 95%CI = 3.779 ~ 54.147), while DPC > 1.113 and TSRP > 2.708 might be associated with a higher risk of prostate cancer (OR = 0.151, 95%CI = 0.039 ~ 0.588; OR = 0.012, 95%CI = 0.005 ~ 0.524, respectively). CONCLUSION The combination of PSADR per week, DPC, and TSRP might be helpful to distinguish prostate cancer and prostatitis, and can reduce unnecessary invasive and histological procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minxin He
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.157 Xiwu Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.157 Xiwu Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.157 Xiwu Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.157 Xiwu Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mingrui Li
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.157 Xiwu Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tie Chong
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.157 Xiwu Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li Xue
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.157 Xiwu Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China.
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12
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Synthetic correlated diffusion imaging hyperintensity delineates clinically significant prostate cancer. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3376. [PMID: 35232991 PMCID: PMC8888633 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06872-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer in men worldwide and the most frequently diagnosed cancer among men in more developed countries. The prognosis of PCa is excellent if detected at an early stage, making early screening crucial for detection and treatment. In recent years, a new form of diffusion magnetic resonance imaging called correlated diffusion imaging (CDI) was introduced, and preliminary results show promise as a screening tool for PCa. In the largest study of its kind, we investigate the relationship between PCa presence and a new variant of CDI we term synthetic correlated diffusion imaging (CDI\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$^s$$\end{document}s), as well as its performance for PCa delineation compared to current standard MRI techniques [T2-weighted (T2w) imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) imaging] across a cohort of 200 patient cases. Statistical analyses reveal that hyperintensity in CDI\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$^s$$\end{document}s is a strong indicator of PCa presence and achieves strong delineation of clinically significant cancerous tissue compared to T2w, DWI, and DCE. These results suggest that CDI\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$^s$$\end{document}s hyperintensity may be a powerful biomarker for the presence of PCa, and may have a clinical impact as a diagnostic aid for improving PCa screening.
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Su Y, Gu X, Zheng Q, Zhu L, Lu J, Li L. LncRNA PCGEM1 in Human Cancers: Functions, Mechanisms and Promising Clinical Utility. Front Oncol 2022; 12:847745. [PMID: 35265529 PMCID: PMC8898824 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.847745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As novel members of the noncoding RNA family, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been widely reported to function as powerful regulators in gene expression processes, including chromosome remodeling, transcription interference and posttranscriptional modification. With the rapid development of metagenomic sequencing, numerous studies have indicated that the dysregulation of lncRNAs is closely associated with diverse human diseases, especially cancers. Prostate Gene Expression Marker 1 (PCGEM1), a recently identified lncRNA, has been reported to play a crucial role in the initiation and progression of multiple tumors by interacting with pivotal regulators of tumor-related signaling pathways. In this review, we will retrospectively review the recent studies of the expression of lncRNA PCGEM1 in human cancers and comprehensively describe the underlying regulatory mechanism by which PCGEM1 functions in tumors. More importantly, based on the relationship between PCGEM1 and cancers, the potential application of PCGEM1 in clinical diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic treatment will also be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Juan Lu
- *Correspondence: Lanjuan Li, ; Juan Lu,
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14
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Ramirez-Garrastacho M, Bajo-Santos C, Line A, Martens-Uzunova ES, de la Fuente JM, Moros M, Soekmadji C, Tasken KA, Llorente A. Extracellular vesicles as a source of prostate cancer biomarkers in liquid biopsies: a decade of research. Br J Cancer 2022; 126:331-350. [PMID: 34811504 PMCID: PMC8810769 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01610-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a global cancer burden and considerable effort has been made through the years to identify biomarkers for the disease. Approximately a decade ago, the potential of analysing extracellular vesicles in liquid biopsies started to be envisaged. This was the beginning of a new exciting area of research investigating the rich molecular treasure found in extracellular vesicles to identify biomarkers for a variety of diseases. Vesicles released from prostate cancer cells and cells of the tumour microenvironment carry molecular information about the disease that can be analysed in several biological fluids. Numerous studies document the interest of researchers in this field of research. However, methodological issues such as the isolation of vesicles have been challenging. Remarkably, novel technologies, including those based on nanotechnology, show promise for the further development and clinical use of extracellular vesicles as liquid biomarkers. Development of biomarkers is a long and complicated process, and there are still not many biomarkers based on extracellular vesicles in clinical use. However, the knowledge acquired during the last decade constitutes a solid basis for the future development of liquid biopsy tests for prostate cancer. These are urgently needed to bring prostate cancer treatment to the next level in precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Ramirez-Garrastacho
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Aija Line
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
| | - Elena S Martens-Uzunova
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Urology, Laboratory of Experimental Urology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jesus Martinez de la Fuente
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Moros
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Soekmadji
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kristin Austlid Tasken
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alicia Llorente
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
- Department for Mechanical, Electronics and Chemical Engineering, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway.
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15
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Nxele SR, Nkhahle R, Nyokong T. The synergistic effects of coupling Au nanoparticles with an alkynyl Co(II) phthalocyanine on the detection of prostate specific antigen. Talanta 2022; 237:122948. [PMID: 34736674 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Prostate specific antigen (PSA) aptasensors are fabricated using a novel asymmetrically substituted Co phthalocyanine (CoPc), gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and PSA-specific antigen. The fabricated aptasensors are: GCE-AuNPs-Aptamer, GCE@CoPc-Aptamer and GCE-AuNPs@CoPc-Aptamer (GCE = glassy carbon electrode). The fabricated sensors are characterized at each modification step to monitor the changes occurring at the sensor surface. Concentration studies were carried out using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to determine detection limits. All the fabricated aptasensors were found to be highly specific and selective but the GCE-AuNPs@CoPc-Aptamer nanoconjugate performed the best. The aptasensors were also tested in spiked serum samples and detection limits, as well as % recoveries were determined. The results obtained showed that the GCE-AuNPs@CoPc-Aptamer has the potential to be used for clinical studies as the results agree with those obtained for detection of PSA in buffer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siphesihle Robin Nxele
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Chemistry Department, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
| | - Reitumetse Nkhahle
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Chemistry Department, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Chemistry Department, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa.
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16
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Sun P, Li Y, Li J, Zhang Y. Entrapment of horseradish peroxidase into nanometer-scale metal-organic frameworks: a new nanocarrier for signal amplification in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:409. [PMID: 34739603 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-05065-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was highly loaded into large holes of nanometer-scale metal-organic frameworks (i.e., PCN-333(Al)) for signal amplification in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The enzyme-labeled antibody complex prepared using nanometer-scale PCN-333(Al) maintained a high catalytic efficiency. Its Vm and Kcat values with 3,3',5,5'-Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB)-H2O2 as substrates were 4.84 × 10-5 mM/s and 4.84 × 104 min-1, respectively. We demonstrated an HRP@PCN-333 signal amplification strategy for colorimetric assay of human prostate-specific antigen (PSA). The linear range of PSA detection by using this method was 15-165 pg/mL, and the limit of detection was 6 pg/mL (S/N = 3), indicating the potential application of this method in detecting disease markers under clinical conditions. The presented strategy exhibited the characteristics of significantly increased amount of labeled enzymes, improved stability and utilization of enzymes, simple preparation process of enzyme-labeled antibodies, and low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyue Sun
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Changan West Road 620, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Yao Li
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Changan West Road 620, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Changan West Road 620, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Yaodong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Changan West Road 620, Xi'an, 710119, China.
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17
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Role of metabolic imaging in diagnosis of primary, metastatic, and recurrent prostate cancer. Curr Opin Oncol 2020; 32:223-231. [PMID: 32195681 DOI: 10.1097/cco.0000000000000625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The present review describes the current role of metabolic imaging techniques such as multiparametric MRI (mpMRI), magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI), hyperpolarized MRSI, and positron emission tomography (PET) in the diagnosis of primary prostate cancer, surveillance of low-grade disease, detection of metastases, and evaluation of biochemical recurrence after therapy. RECENT FINDINGS The natural history of prostate cancer ranges from indolent disease that is optimally monitored by active surveillance, to highly aggressive disease that can be lethal. Current diagnostic methods remain imperfect in noninvasively distinguishing between silent versus aggressive tumors. Hence, there is a high demand for noninvasive imaging techniques that offer insight into biological behavior of prostate cancer cells. Characterization of prostate cancer metabolism is a promising area to provide such insights. SUMMARY Metabolic imaging may allow for greater detection and ultimately characterization of tumor based on aggressiveness and spread. Hence, it has the potential to monitor tumor activity, predict prognostic outcomes, and guide individualized therapies.
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18
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Chen Y, Li K, Zhang S, Qin L, Deng S, Ge L, Xu LP, Ma L, Wang S, Zhang X. Bioinspired Superwettable Microspine Chips with Directional Droplet Transportation for Biosensing. ACS NANO 2020; 14:4654-4661. [PMID: 32251583 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Directional droplet transportation without extra energy input remains a challenge in microfluidic biochips for clinical detections. Herein, inspired by the water-collecting behaviors on the cactus spine, we fabricate nanomaterial-based superwettable microspine (SMS) chips. The bioinspired SMS chips are capable of spontaneous and directional droplet transportation by synergistically combining geometric asymmetry and surface superhydrophilicity. Based on theoretical models, the gradient of the Laplace pressure arising from the geometric asymmetry of the SMS chip can dominate the directional transportation of the droplet, and the superhydrophilicity of the nanomaterial-based microspine can also contribute to the droplet self-transportation. The multimicrochannel SMS chips provide a simple and energy efficient technology to realize accurate detection of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) from prostate cancer patients, showing great potential as a biosensing platform for clinical applications. We believe that our bioinspired superwettable two-dimensional conical surface will offer effective means for the design of smart microfluidic devices and have great potential applications in multicomponent biosensing and clinical detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Sensor, Beijing Key Laboratory for Optoelectronic Measurement Technology, Key Laboratory of Modern Measurement & Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Kan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shudong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lei Qin
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Sensor, Beijing Key Laboratory for Optoelectronic Measurement Technology, Key Laboratory of Modern Measurement & Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Shaohui Deng
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Liyuan Ge
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Li-Ping Xu
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lulin Ma
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shutao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xueji Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China
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19
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Correia NA, Batista LT, Nascimento RJ, Cangussú MC, Crugeira PJ, Soares LG, Silveira Jr L, Pinheiro AL. Detection of prostate cancer by Raman spectroscopy: A multivariate study on patients with normal and altered PSA values. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2020; 204:111801. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.111801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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20
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Chen W, Peng J, Ye J, Dai W, Li G, He Y. Aberrant AFP expression characterizes a subset of hepatocellular carcinoma with distinct gene expression patterns and inferior prognosis. J Cancer 2020; 11:403-413. [PMID: 31897235 PMCID: PMC6930420 DOI: 10.7150/jca.31435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Serum tumor markers are ubiquitously used in the clinic for cancer screening. However, the mechanisms accounting for the elevated levels of the serum tumor markers remain to be explored. Methods We performed a pan-cancer analysis of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA). The relation between concentration of serum tumor markers and the expression of their coding genes was assessed. Then the expression of AFP and its genomic background in hepatocellular carcinoma (liver cancer) was studied. Results High expression of AFP mRNA was found mainly in liver cancer. In gastric cancer, breast cancer and lung cancer, high AFP mRNA expression was also discovered occasionally. In liver cancer patients, serum AFP levels correlated significantly with AFP mRNA expression in cancer tissues (r = 0.72, p = 1.6e-45). Whole transcriptome analysis revealed that serum AFP levels clearly separated liver cancer into two classes with distinct expression profiles according to PCA analysis. Gene co-expression analysis revealed that AFP expression was connected to a module enriched with genes accounting for cell cycle and cell proliferation regulation. In addition, high AFP expression was associated with the molecular classification of liver cancer, including iCluster (Chi-square: 16.86, P = 0.0002). Methylation analysis revealed de-methylation of AFP promoter occurred in some liver cancer tissues, which was significantly related to AFP mRNA expression. Survival analysis indicated high serum AFP levels was prognostic of poorer survival of the liver cancer patients (Log-rank test: p = 0.046). This was confirmed by an independent dataset in which liver cancer patients with high serum AFP also had poorer survival (Log-rank test: p = 0.024). Conclusion High expression of AFP defined a subtype of liver cancer with distinct gene expression profiles and clinical features. De-methylation of cytosine from CpG di-nucleotides in AFP promoter may be the cause of AFP re-expression in adult human liver cancer tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510080 Guangzhou, Guangdong province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Peng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510080 Guangzhou, Guangdong province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinning Ye
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510080 Guangzhou, Guangdong province, People's Republic of China
| | - Weigang Dai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510080 Guangzhou, Guangdong province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghua Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510080 Guangzhou, Guangdong province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulong He
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510080 Guangzhou, Guangdong province, People's Republic of China
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21
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Wang D, Zhou J, Guo L, Qiu B, Lin Z. A surface-enhanced electrochemiluminescence sensor based on Au-SiO2 core–shell nanocomposites doped with Ru(bpy)32+ for the ultrasensitive detection of prostate-specific antigen in human serum. Analyst 2020; 145:132-138. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an01935a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This study reports a surface-enhanced electrochemiluminescence (SEECL) sensor for the ultrasensitive detection of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in human serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daifang Wang
- Fujian Vocational College of Bioengineering
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Fujian Vocational College of Bioengineering
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Longhua Guo
- College of Biological
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering
- Jiaxing University
- Jiaxing
- China
| | - Bin Qiu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou
| | - Zhenyu Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou
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22
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TRPM8-androgen receptor association within lipid rafts promotes prostate cancer cell migration. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:652. [PMID: 31501416 PMCID: PMC6733924 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1891-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In prostate carcinogenesis, androgens are known to control the expression of the transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) protein via activation of androgen receptor (AR). Overexpression and/or activity of TRPM8 channel was shown to suppress prostate cancer (PCa) cell migration. Here we report that at certain concentrations androgens facilitate PCa cell migration. We show that underlying mechanism is inhibition of TRPM8 by activated AR which interacts with the channel within lipid rafts microdomains of the plasma membrane. Thus, our study has identified an additional nongenomic mechanism of the TRPM8 channel regulation by androgens that should be taken into account upon the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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23
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Camilo DE, Miyazaki CM, Shimizu FM, Ferreira M. Improving direct immunoassay response by layer-by-layer films of gold nanoparticles – Antibody conjugate towards label-free detection. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 102:315-323. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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24
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Mickert MJ, Farka Z, Kostiv U, Hlaváček A, Horák D, Skládal P, Gorris HH. Measurement of Sub-femtomolar Concentrations of Prostate-Specific Antigen through Single-Molecule Counting with an Upconversion-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Anal Chem 2019; 91:9435-9441. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias J. Mickert
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Zdeněk Farka
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- CEITEC—Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Uliana Kostiv
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 162 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Antonín Hlaváček
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Horák
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 162 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Skládal
- CEITEC—Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hans H. Gorris
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Wu K, Yin X, Jin Y, Liu F, Gao J. Identification of aberrantly methylated differentially expressed genes in prostate carcinoma using integrated bioinformatics. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:51. [PMID: 30872976 PMCID: PMC6402097 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0763-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methylation plays a key role in the aetiology and pathogenesis of prostate cancer (PCa). This study aimed to identify aberrantly methylated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and pathways in PCa and explore the underlying mechanisms of tumourigenesis. Methods Expression profile (GSE29079) and methylation profile (GSE76938) datasets were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). We used R 3.4.4 software to assess aberrantly methylated DEGs. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) RNA sequencing and Illumina HumanMethylation450 DNA methylation data were utilized to validate screened genes. Functional enrichment analysis of the screened genes was performed, and a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Gens (STRING). The results were visualized in Cytoscape. After confirmation using TCGA, cBioPortal was used to examine alterations in genes of interest. Then, protein localization in PCa cells was observed using immunohistochemistry. Results Overall, 536 hypomethylated upregulated genes were identified that were enriched in biological processes such as negative regulation of transcription, osteoblast differentiation, intracellular signal transduction, and the Wnt signalling pathway. Pathway enrichment showed significant changes in factors involved in AMPK signalling, cancer, and adherens junction pathways. The hub oncogenes were AKT1, PRDM10, and FASN. Additionally, 322 hypermethylated downregulated genes were identified that demonstrated enrichment in biological processes including positive regulation of the MAPK cascade, muscle contraction, ageing, and signal transduction. Pathway analysis indicated enrichment in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC), focal adhesion, dilated cardiomyopathy, and PI3K-AKT signalling. The hub tumour suppressor gene was FLNA. Immunohistochemistry showed that AKT1, FASN, and FLNA were mainly expressed in PCa cell cytoplasm, while PRDM10 was mainly expressed in nuclei. Conclusions Our results identify numerous novel genetic and epigenetic regulatory networks and offer molecular evidence crucial to understanding the pathogenesis of PCa. Aberrantly methylated hub genes, including AKT1, PRDM10, FASN, and FLNA, can be used as biomarkers for accurate PCa diagnosis and treatment. In conclusion, our study suggests that AKT1, PRDM10, and FASN may be tumour promoters and that FLNA may be a tumour suppressor in PCa. We hope these findings will draw more attention to these hub genes in future cancer studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wu
- 1Department of Urology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaotao Yin
- 2Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yipeng Jin
- 1Department of Urology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fangfang Liu
- Hebei General Hospital of Civil Affairs, Xingtai, Hebei Province China
| | - Jiangping Gao
- 1Department of Urology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Enhanced anti-tumor activity of the Multi-Leu peptide PACE4 inhibitor transformed into an albumin-bound tumor-targeting prodrug. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2118. [PMID: 30765725 PMCID: PMC6376031 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37568-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The proprotein convertase PACE4 has been validated as a potential target to develop new therapeutic interventions in prostate cancer (PCa). So far, the most effective compound blocking the activity of this enzyme has been designed based on the structure of a small peptide Ac-LLLLRVKR-NH2 known as the Multi-Leu (ML) peptide. Optimization of this scaffold led to the synthesis of compound C23 (Ac-[DLeu]LLLRVK-amidinobenzylamide) with a potent in vivo inhibitory effect on the tumor growth. However, further developments of PACE4 inhibitors may require additional improvements to counter their rapid renal clearance and to increase their tumor targeting efficiency. Herein, we explored the transformation of the ML-peptide into an albumin-binding prodrug containing a tumor specific release mechanism based on the prostate-specific antigen. Our data confirms that intravenous treatment using the ML-peptide alone has little effect on tumor growth, whereas by using the ML-prodrug in LNCaP xenograft-bearing mice it was significantly reduced. Additionally, excellent in vivo stability and tumor-targeting efficiency was demonstrated using a radiolabelled version of this compound. Taken together, these results provide a solid foundation for further development of targeted PACE4 inhibition in PCa.
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Kabe Y, Sakamoto S, Hatakeyama M, Yamaguchi Y, Suematsu M, Itonaga M, Handa H. Application of high-performance magnetic nanobeads to biological sensing devices. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:1825-1837. [PMID: 30627798 PMCID: PMC6453870 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1548-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials have extensive applications in the life sciences and in clinical diagnosis. We have developed magnetic nanoparticles with high dispersibility and extremely low nonspecific binding to biomolecules and have demonstrated their application in chemical biology (e.g., for the screening of drug receptor proteins). Recently, the excellent properties of nanobeads have made possible the development of novel rapid immunoassay systems and high-precision technologies for exosome detection. For immunoassays, we developed a technology to encapsulate a fluorescent substance in magnetic nanobeads. The fluorescent nanobeads allow the rapid detection of a specific antigen in solution or in tissue specimens. Exosomes, which are released into the blood, are expected to become markers for several diseases, including cancer, but techniques for measuring the absolute quantity of exosomes in biological fluids are lacking. By integrating magnetic nanobead technology with an optical disc system, we developed a novel method for precisely quantifying exosomes in human serum with high sensitivity and high linearity without requiring enrichment procedures. This review focuses on the properties of our magnetic nanobeads, the development of novel biosensors using these nanobeads, and their broad practical applications. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuaki Kabe
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinnanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Tokyo, 200-0004, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Sakamoto
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Mamoru Hatakeyama
- FG Beads Development Section, Biotronics Laboratory, Tamagawa Seiki Co. Ltd, Ohyasumi, Iida, Nagano, 395-8515, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamaguchi
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Makoto Suematsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinnanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Makoto Itonaga
- Healthcare Business Division, JVCKENWOOD Corporation, 3-12 Moriya-cho, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 221-0022, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Handa
- Department of Nanoparticle Translational Research, Tokyo Medical University, 6-2-2 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan.
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Huo XL, Zhang N, Xu JJ, Chen HY. Ultrasensitive electrochemiluminescence immunosensor with wide linear range based on a multiple amplification approach. Electrochem commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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29
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Sypabekova M, Jolly P, Estrela P, Kanayeva D. Electrochemical aptasensor using optimized surface chemistry for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis secreted protein MPT64 in human serum. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 123:141-151. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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30
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Steinkohl F, Pichler R, Junker D. Short review of biparametric prostate MRI. MEMO-MAGAZINE OF EUROPEAN MEDICAL ONCOLOGY 2018; 11:309-312. [PMID: 30595756 PMCID: PMC6280777 DOI: 10.1007/s12254-018-0458-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the prostate has become the gold standard for visualization of prostate cancer. Prostate MRI is usually performed as multiparametric MRI (mpMRI). Since mpMRI has several drawbacks, a biparametric MRI (bpMRI) of the prostate has been proposed. Many studies have been published on mpMRI and bpMRI in recent years. This short review offers an overview of the latest developments in this rapidly evolving field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Steinkohl
- 1Department für Radiologie, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Renate Pichler
- 2Universitätsklinik für Urologie, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, Innsbruck, 6020 Austria
| | - Daniel Junker
- Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Landeskrankenhaus Hall in Tirol, Milser Str. 10, Hall in Tirol, 6060 Austria
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Pérez-Ibave DC, Burciaga-Flores CH, Elizondo-Riojas MÁ. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) as a possible biomarker in non-prostatic cancer: A review. Cancer Epidemiol 2018; 54:48-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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32
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Bax C, Taverna G, Eusebio L, Sironi S, Grizzi F, Guazzoni G, Capelli L. Innovative Diagnostic Methods for Early Prostate Cancer Detection through Urine Analysis: A Review. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10040123. [PMID: 29670060 PMCID: PMC5923378 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10040123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most common cause of cancer death among men. It is an asymptomatic and slow growing tumour, which starts occurring in young men, but can be detected only around the age of 40–50. Although its long latency period and potential curability make prostate cancer a perfect candidate for screening programs, the current procedure lacks in specificity. Researchers are rising to the challenge of developing innovative tools able of detecting the disease during its early stage that is the most curable. In recent years, the interest in characterisation of biological fluids aimed at the identification of tumour-specific compounds has increased significantly, since cell neoplastic transformation causes metabolic alterations leading to volatile organic compounds release. In the scientific literature, different approaches have been proposed. Many studies focus on the identification of a cancer-characteristic “odour fingerprint” emanated from biological samples through the application of sensorial or senso-instrumental analyses, others suggest a chemical characterisation of biological fluids with the aim of identifying prostate cancer (PCa)-specific biomarkers. This paper focuses on the review of literary studies in the field of prostate cancer diagnosis, in order to provide an overview of innovative methods based on the analysis of urine, thereby comparing them with the traditional diagnostic procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Bax
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Gianluigi Taverna
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Department of Urology, via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy.
| | - Lidia Eusebio
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Selena Sironi
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Fabio Grizzi
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Guazzoni
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Department of Urology, via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy.
| | - Laura Capelli
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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Sequeiros T, Rigau M, Chiva C, Montes M, Garcia-Grau I, Garcia M, Diaz S, Celma A, Bijnsdorp I, Campos A, Di Mauro P, Borrós S, Reventós J, Doll A, Paciucci R, Pegtel M, de Torres I, Sabidó E, Morote J, Olivan M. Targeted proteomics in urinary extracellular vesicles identifies biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 8:4960-4976. [PMID: 27903962 PMCID: PMC5354884 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid and reliable diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa) is highly desirable as current used methods lack specificity. In addition, identification of PCa biomarkers that can classify patients into high- and low-risk groups for disease progression at early stage will improve treatment decision-making. Here, we describe a set of protein-combination panels in urinary extracellular vesicles (EVs), defined by targeted proteomics and immunoblotting techniques that improve early non-invasive detection and stratification of PCa patients.We report a two-protein combination in urinary EVs that classifies benign and PCa patients (ADSV-TGM4), and a combination of five proteins able to significantly distinguish between high- and low-grade PCa patients (CD63-GLPK5-SPHM-PSA-PAPP). Proteins composing the panels were validated by immunohistochemistry assays in tissue microarrays (TMAs) confirming a strong link between the urinary EVs proteome and alterations in PCa tissues. Moreover, ADSV and TGM4 abundance yielded a high diagnostic potential in tissue and promising TGM4 prognostic power. These results suggest that the proteins identified in urinary EVs distinguishing high- and low grade PCa are a reflection of histological changes that may be a consequence of their functional involvement in PCa development. In conclusion, our study resulted in the identification of protein-combination panels present in urinary EVs that exhibit high sensitivity and specificity for PCa detection and patient stratification. Moreover, our study highlights the potential of targeted proteomic approaches–such as selected reaction monitoring (SRM)–as diagnostic assay for liquid biopsies via urinary EVs to improve diagnosis and prognosis of suspected PCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Sequeiros
- Group of Biomedical Research in Urology, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR) and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina Rigau
- Group of Biomedical Research in Urology, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR) and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Chiva
- Proteomics Unit, Centre de Regulació Genòmica (CRG), Barcelona, Spain.,Proteomics Unit, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Melania Montes
- Group of Biomedical Research in Urology, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR) and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iolanda Garcia-Grau
- Group of Biomedical Research in Urology, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR) and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Garcia
- Group of Biomedical Research in Urology, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR) and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sherley Diaz
- Department of Pathology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Celma
- Department of Urology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Bijnsdorp
- Department of Urology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alex Campos
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Primiano Di Mauro
- Sagetis-Biotech; Grup d'Enginyeria de Materials (GEMAT) Institut Químic de Sarrià, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Salvador Borrós
- Sagetis-Biotech; Grup d'Enginyeria de Materials (GEMAT) Institut Químic de Sarrià, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Reventós
- Departement of Basic Science, International University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain.,IDIBELL-Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andreas Doll
- Group of Biomedical Research in Urology, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR) and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosanna Paciucci
- Group of Biomedical Research in Urology, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR) and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michiel Pegtel
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Inés de Torres
- Group of Biomedical Research in Urology, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR) and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Pathology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Sabidó
- Proteomics Unit, Centre de Regulació Genòmica (CRG), Barcelona, Spain.,Proteomics Unit, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Morote
- Group of Biomedical Research in Urology, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR) and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Urology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Olivan
- Group of Biomedical Research in Urology, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR) and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
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Qin W, Zheng Y, Qian BZ, Zhao M. Prostate Cancer Stem Cells and Nanotechnology: A Focus on Wnt Signaling. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:153. [PMID: 28400729 PMCID: PMC5368180 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men worldwide. However, current treatments for prostate cancer patients in advanced stage often fail because of relapse. Prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs) are resistant to most standard therapies, and are considered to be a major mechanism of cancer metastasis and recurrence. In this review, we summarized current understanding of PCSCs and their self-renewal signaling pathways with a specific focus on Wnt signaling. Although multiple Wnt inhibitors have been developed to target PCSCs, their application is still limited by inefficient delivery and toxicity in vivo. Recently, nanotechnology has opened a new avenue for cancer drug delivery, which significantly increases specificity and reduces toxicity. These nanotechnology-based drug delivery methods showed great potential in targeting PCSCs. Here, we summarized current advancement of nanotechnology-based therapeutic strategies for targeting PCSCs and highlighted the challenges and perspectives in designing future therapies to eliminate PCSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qin
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China; Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Yongjiang Zheng
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin-Zhi Qian
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre and MRC University of Edinburgh Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh Edinburgh, UK
| | - Meng Zhao
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China; Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China; Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
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35
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Deng YL, Xu DD, Pang DW, Tang HW. Target-triggered signal turn-on detection of prostate specific antigen based on metal-enhanced fluorescence of Ag@SiO 2@SiO 2-RuBpy composite nanoparticles. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:065501. [PMID: 28045004 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/28/6/065501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A three-layer core-shell nanostructure consisting of a silver core, a silica spacer, and a fluorescent dye RuBpy-doped outer silica layer was fabricated, and the optimal metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF) distance was explored through adjusting the thickness of the silica spacer. The results show that the optimal distance is ∼10.4 nm with the maximum fluorescence enhancement factor 2.12. Then a new target-triggered MEF 'turn-on' strategy based on the optimized composite nanoparticles was successfully constructed for quantitative detection of prostate specific antigen (PSA), by using RuBpy as the energy donor and BHQ-2 as the acceptor. The hybridization of the complementary DNA of PSA-aptamer immobilized on the surface of the MEF nanoparticles with PSA-aptamer modified with BHQ-2, brought BHQ-2 in close proximity to RuBpy-doped silica shell and resulted in the decrease of fluorescence. In the presence of target PSA molecules, the BHQ-PSA aptamer is dissociated from the surface of the nanoparticles with the fluorescence switched on. Therefore, the assay of PSA was achieved by measuring the varying fluorescence intensity. The results show that PSA can be detected in the range of 1-100 ng ml-1 with a detection limit of 0.20 ng ml-1 (6.1 pM), which is 6.7-fold increase of that using hollow RuBpy-doped silica nanoparticles. Moreover, satisfactory results were obtained when PSA was detected in 1% serum.
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36
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Lin Y, Ying YL, Shi X, Liu SC, Long YT. Direct sensing of cancer biomarkers in clinical samples with a designed nanopore. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:11564-11567. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc06775e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We introduce a designed nanopore sensor with highly selective DNA probe and an integrated nanofiltration membrane to achieve the direct sensing and quantification of cancer biomarkers in serum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Lin
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials & School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Yi-Lun Ying
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials & School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Xin Shi
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials & School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Shao-Chuang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials & School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Yi-Tao Long
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials & School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
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Wang X, Han J, Hardie DB, Yang J, Pan J, Borchers CH. Metabolomic profiling of prostate cancer by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry imaging using Matrix Coating Assisted by an Electric Field (MCAEF). BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2016; 1865:755-767. [PMID: 28017863 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we combined the use of two MALDI matrices (quercetin and 9-aminoacridine), a recently developed new matrix coating technique - matrix coating assisted by an electric field (MCAEF), and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization - Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (MALDI-FTICRMS) to detect and image endogenous compounds in the cancerous and non-cancerous regions of three human prostate cancer (stage II) tissue specimens. After three rounds of imaging data acquisitions (i.e., quercetin for positive and negative ion detection and 9-aminoacridine for negative ion detection), and metabolite identification, a total of 1091 metabolites including 1032 lipids and 59 other metabolites were routinely detected and successfully localized. Of these compounds, 250 and 217 were only detected in either the cancerous or the non-cancerous regions respectively, although we cannot rule out the presence of these metabolites at concentrations below the detection limit. In addition, 152 of the other 624 metabolites showed differential distributions (p<0.05, t-test) between the two regions of the tissues. Further studies on a larger number of clinical specimens will need to be carried out to confirm this large number of apparently cancer-related metabolites. The successful determination of the spatial locations and abundances of these endogenous biomolecules indicated significant metabolism abnormalities - e.g., increased energy charge and under-expression of neutral acyl glycerides, in the prostate cancer samples. To our knowledge, this work has resulted in MALDI-MS imaging of the largest group of metabolites in prostate cancer thus far and demonstrated the importance of using complementary matrices for comprehensive metabolomic imaging by MALDI-MS. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: MALDI Imaging, edited by Dr. Corinna Henkel and Prof. Peter Hoffmann.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Wang
- University of Victoria-Genome British Columbia Proteomics Centre, Vancouver Island Technology Park, #3101-4464 Markham St., Victoria, BC V8Z 7X8, Canada
| | - Jun Han
- University of Victoria-Genome British Columbia Proteomics Centre, Vancouver Island Technology Park, #3101-4464 Markham St., Victoria, BC V8Z 7X8, Canada
| | - Darryl B Hardie
- University of Victoria-Genome British Columbia Proteomics Centre, Vancouver Island Technology Park, #3101-4464 Markham St., Victoria, BC V8Z 7X8, Canada
| | - Juncong Yang
- University of Victoria-Genome British Columbia Proteomics Centre, Vancouver Island Technology Park, #3101-4464 Markham St., Victoria, BC V8Z 7X8, Canada
| | - Jingxi Pan
- University of Victoria-Genome British Columbia Proteomics Centre, Vancouver Island Technology Park, #3101-4464 Markham St., Victoria, BC V8Z 7X8, Canada
| | - Christoph H Borchers
- University of Victoria-Genome British Columbia Proteomics Centre, Vancouver Island Technology Park, #3101-4464 Markham St., Victoria, BC V8Z 7X8, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Petch Building Room 207, 3800 Finnerty Rd., Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada.
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Wang X, Han J, Hardie DB, Yang J, Borchers CH. The use of matrix coating assisted by an electric field (MCAEF) to enhance mass spectrometric imaging of human prostate cancer biomarkers. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2016; 51:86-95. [PMID: 26757076 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we combined a newly developed matrix coating technique - matrix coating assisted by an electric field (MCAEF) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) to enhance the imaging of peptides and proteins in tissue specimens of human prostate cancer. MCAEF increased the signal-to-noise ratios of the detected proteins by a factor of 2 to 5, and 232 signals were detected within the m/z 3500-37500 mass range on a time-of-flight mass spectrometer and with the sinapinic acid MALDI matrix. Among these species, three proteins (S100-A9, S100-A10, and S100-A12) were only observed in the cancerous cell region and 14 proteins, including a fragment of mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase kinase 2, a fragment of cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein 19, 3 apolipoproteins (C-I, A-I, and A-II), 2 S100 proteins (A6 and A8), β-microseminoprotein, tumor protein D52, α-1-acid glycoprotein 1, heat shock protein β-1, prostate-specific antigen, and 2 unidentified large peptides at m/z 5002.2 and 6704.2, showed significantly differential distributions at the p < 0.05 (t-test) level between the cancerous and the noncancerous regions of the tissue. Among these 17 species, the distributions of apolipoprotein C-I, S100-A6, and S100-A8 were verified by immunohistological staining. In summary, this study resulted in the imaging of the largest group of proteins in prostate cancer tissues by MALDI-MS reported thus far, and is the first to show a correlation between S100 proteins and prostate cancer in a MS imaging study. The successful imaging of the three proteins only found in the cancerous tissues, as well as those showing differential expressions demonstrated the potential of MCAEF-MALDI/MS for the in situ detection of potential cancer biomarkers. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Wang
- University of Victoria-Genome British Columbia Proteomics Centre, #3101-4464 Markham St., Vancouver Island Technology Park, Victoria, BC, V8Z 7X8, Canada
| | - Jun Han
- University of Victoria-Genome British Columbia Proteomics Centre, #3101-4464 Markham St., Vancouver Island Technology Park, Victoria, BC, V8Z 7X8, Canada
| | - Darryl B Hardie
- University of Victoria-Genome British Columbia Proteomics Centre, #3101-4464 Markham St., Vancouver Island Technology Park, Victoria, BC, V8Z 7X8, Canada
| | - Juncong Yang
- University of Victoria-Genome British Columbia Proteomics Centre, #3101-4464 Markham St., Vancouver Island Technology Park, Victoria, BC, V8Z 7X8, Canada
| | - Christoph H Borchers
- University of Victoria-Genome British Columbia Proteomics Centre, #3101-4464 Markham St., Vancouver Island Technology Park, Victoria, BC, V8Z 7X8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Petch Building Room 207, 3800 Finnerty Rd., Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
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Gutiérrez-Zúñiga GG, Hernández-López JL. Sensitivity improvement of a sandwich-type ELISA immunosensor for the detection of different prostate-specific antigen isoforms in human serum using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and an ordered and hierarchically organized interfacial supramolecular architecture. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 902:97-106. [PMID: 26703258 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A gold millielectrode (GME) functionalized with a mixed (16-MHA + EG3SH) self-assembled monolayer (SAM) was used to fabricate an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) immunosensor for the sensitive detection of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a prostate cancer (PCa) biomarker, in human serum samples. To address and minimize the issue of non-specific protein adsorption, an organic matrix (amine-PEG3-biotin/avidin) was assembled on the previously functionalized electrode surface to build up an ordered and hierarchically organized interfacial supramolecular architecture: Au/16-MHA/EG3SH/amine-PEG3-biotin/avidin. The electrode was then exposed to serum samples at different concentrations of a sandwich-type immunocomplex molecule ((Btn)Ab-AgPSA-(HRP)Ab), and its interfacial properties were characterized using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Calibration curves for polarization resistance (RP) and capacitance (1/C) vs. total and free PSA concentrations were obtained and their analytical quality parameters were determined. This approach was compared with results obtained from a commercially available ELISA immunosensor. The results obtained in this work showed that the proposed immunosensor can be successfully applied to analyze serum samples of patients representative of the Mexican population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Guadalupe Gutiérrez-Zúñiga
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica, S.C., Parque Tecnológico Querétaro S/N, P.O. Box 064, Pedro Escobedo, Qro., Mexico
| | - José Luis Hernández-López
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica, S.C., Parque Tecnológico Querétaro S/N, P.O. Box 064, Pedro Escobedo, Qro., Mexico.
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Stephan C, Jung K, Ralla B. Current biomarkers for diagnosing of prostate cancer. Future Oncol 2015; 11:2743-55. [DOI: 10.2217/fon.15.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is mostly detected by prostate-specific antigen (PSA) as one of the most widely used tumor markers. But PSA is limited with its low specificity. The prostate health index (phi) can improve specificity over percent free and total PSA and correlates with aggressive cancer. The urinary PCA3 also shows its utility to detect PCa but its correlation with aggressiveness and the low sensitivity at high values are limitations. While the detection of alterations of the androgen-regulated TMPRSS2 and ETS transcription factor genes in tissue of ˜50% of all PCa patients was one research milestone, the urinary assay should only be used in combination with PCA3. Both US FDA-approved markers phi and PCA3 perform equally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Stephan
- Department of Urology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CCM, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute for Urologic Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Jung
- Department of Urology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CCM, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute for Urologic Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernhard Ralla
- Department of Urology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CCM, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
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Ertürk G, Hedström M, Tümer MA, Denizli A, Mattiasson B. Real-time prostate-specific antigen detection with prostate-specific antigen imprinted capacitive biosensors. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 891:120-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Chadha KC, Nair B, Godoy A, Rajnarayanan R, Nabi E, Zhou R, Patel NR, Aalinkeel R, Schwartz SA, Smith GJ. Anti-angiogenic activity of PSA-derived peptides. Prostate 2015; 75:1285-99. [PMID: 25963523 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PSA is a biomarker for diagnosis and management of prostate cancer. PSA is known to have anti-tumorigenic activities, however, the physiological role of PSA in prostate tumor progression is not well understood. METHODS Five candidate peptides identified based upon computer modeling of the PSA crystal structure and hydrophobicity were synthesized at >95% purity. The peptides in a linear form, and a constrained form forced by a di-sulfide bond joining the two ends of the peptide, were investigated for anti-angiogenic activity in HUVEC. RESULTS None of the five PSA-mimetic peptides exhibited PSA-like serine protease activity. Two of the peptides demonstrated significant anti-angiogenic activity in HUVEC based on (i) inhibition of cell migration and invasion; (ii) inhibition of tube formation in Matrigel; (iii) anti-angiogenic activity in a sprouting assay; and (iv) altered expression of pro- and anti-angiogenic growth factors. Constrained PSA-mimetic peptides had greater anti-angiogenic activity than the corresponding linearized form. Complexing of PSA with ACT eliminated PSA enzymatic activity and reduced anti-angiogenic activity. In contrast, ACT had no effect on the anti-angiogenic effects of the linear or constrained PSA-mimetic peptides. Modeling of the ACT-PSA complex demonstrated ACT sterically blocks the anti-angiogenic activity of the two bioactive peptides. CONCLUSIONS The interaction of a hydrophilic domain on the surface of the PSA molecule with a target on the cell membrane of prostate endothelial and epithelial cells was responsible for the anti-angiogenic or anti-tumorigenic activity of PSA: enzymatic activity was not associated with anti-angiogenic effects. Furthermore, since PSA and ACT are both expressed within the human prostate tissue microenvironment, the balance of their expression may represent a mechanism for endogenous regulation of tissue angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailash C Chadha
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Bindukumar Nair
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
- Division of Allergy/Immunology & Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Alejandro Godoy
- Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rajendram Rajnarayanan
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NewYork
| | - Erik Nabi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Rita Zhou
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Neel R Patel
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Ravikumar Aalinkeel
- Division of Allergy/Immunology & Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Stanley A Schwartz
- Division of Allergy/Immunology & Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Gary J Smith
- Department of Urologic Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
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Faruq O, Vecchione A. microRNA: Diagnostic Perspective. Front Med (Lausanne) 2015; 2:51. [PMID: 26284247 PMCID: PMC4523054 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2015.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers are biological measures of a biological state. An ideal marker should be safe and easy to measure, cost efficient, modifiable with treatment, and consistent across gender and ethnic groups. To date, none of the available biomarkers satisfy all of these criteria. In addition, the major limitations of these markers are low specificity, sensitivity, and false positive results. Recently identified, microRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, evolutionarily conserved small non-coding RNA (about 22–25 nt long), also known as micro-coordinators of gene expression, which have been shown to be an effective tools to study the biology of diseases and to have great potential as novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers with high specificity and sensitivity. In fact, it has been demonstrated that miRNAs play a pivotal role in the regulation of a wide range of developmental and physiological processes and their deficiencies have been related to a number of disease. In addition, miRNAs are stable and can be easily isolated and measured from tissues and body fluids. In this review, we provide a perspective on emerging concepts and potential usefulness of miRNAs as diagnostic markers, emphasizing the involvement of specific miRNAs in particular tumor types, subtypes, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, infectious diseases, and forensic test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Faruq
- Division of Pathology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Ospedale Santo Andrea, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Andrea Vecchione
- Division of Pathology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Ospedale Santo Andrea, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
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Zhang J, Qi H, Li Z, Zhang N, Gao Q, Zhang C. Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence Bioanalytic System Based on Biocleavage of Probes and Homogeneous Detection. Anal Chem 2015; 87:6510-5. [PMID: 26027475 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A novel electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) bioanalytic system based on biocleavage of a ECL probe and homogeneous detection was designed and utilized for the first time for highly sensitive quantification of proteases to overcome drawbacks from probes directly immobilized on electrodes and commercial ECL biosystems, based on bioaffinity reactions. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) was taken as a model analyte and ruthenium complex-tagged specific peptide (CHSSKLQK) was designed as an ECL probe (peptide-Ru1). ECL bioconjugated magnetic beads were synthesized through a simple solid-phase synthesis. When analyte PSA was introduced into the suspension of ECL bioconjugated magnetic beads, a biocleavage of the peptide occurred and the cleaved Ru1 part was released from the magnetic beads. ECL measurement was carried out in the presence of co-reactant tripropylamine, using two models. One is homogeneous ECL detection on a bare graphite pencil electrode (PGE), and the other is enriching ECL detection after the cleaved Ru1 part of the peptide was concentrated into the surface film of Nafion/gold nanoparticles modified PGE (AuNPs/Nafion/PGE). The extremely low detection limit of 80 fg/mL and high reproducibility (relative standard deviation (RSD) of 5.4% for six measurements of 0.5 pg/mL) for the detection of PSA were achieved at AuNPs/Nafion/PGE. This work demonstrates that the bioanalytic system designed can not only quantify proteases with high sensitivity and selectivity, but also diminish the complicated electrode process and improve the reproducibility by conducting the biocleavage and transduction steps at different surfaces. It can be easily extended for ECL analysis of other proteases in this system and other detection techniques, including optics and electrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, People's Republic of China
| | - Honglan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhejian Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, People's Republic of China
| | - Ni Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengxiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, People's Republic of China
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45
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Mattsson JM, Ravela S, Hekim C, Jonsson M, Malm J, Närvänen A, Stenman UH, Koistinen H. Proteolytic activity of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) towards protein substrates and effect of peptides stimulating PSA activity. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107819. [PMID: 25237904 PMCID: PMC4169579 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA or kallikrein-related peptidase-3, KLK3) exerts chymotrypsin-like proteolytic activity. The main biological function of PSA is the liquefaction of the clot formed after ejaculation by cleavage of semenogelins I and II in seminal fluid. PSA also cleaves several other substrates, which may explain its putative functions in prostate cancer and its antiangiogenic activity. We compared the proteolytic efficiency of PSA towards several protein and peptide substrates and studied the effect of peptides stimulating the activity of PSA with these substrates. An endothelial cell tube formation model was used to analyze the effect of PSA-degraded protein fragments on angiogenesis. We showed that PSA degrades semenogelins I and II much more efficiently than other previously identified protein substrates, e.g., fibronectin, galectin-3 and IGFBP-3. We identified nidogen-1 as a new substrate for PSA. Peptides B2 and C4 that stimulate the activity of PSA towards small peptide substrates also enhanced the proteolytic activity of PSA towards protein substrates. Nidogen-1, galectin-3 or their fragments produced by PSA did not have any effect on endothelial cell tube formation. Although PSA cleaves several other protein substrates, in addition to semenogelins, the physiological importance of this activity remains speculative. The PSA levels in prostate are very high, but several other highly active proteases, such as hK2 and trypsin, are also expressed in the prostate and may cleave protein substrates that are weakly cleaved by PSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna M. Mattsson
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Suvi Ravela
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Can Hekim
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Magnus Jonsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Section for Clinical Chemistry, Lund University and Laboratory Medicine Skåne, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Malm
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Section for Clinical Chemistry, Lund University and Laboratory Medicine Skåne, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ale Närvänen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ulf-Håkan Stenman
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannu Koistinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- * E-mail:
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A novel method for the sensitive detection of mutant proteins using a covalent-bonding tube-based proximity ligation assay. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 841:17-23. [PMID: 25109857 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Tumorigenesis is the cumulative result of multiple gene mutations. The mutant proteins that are expressed by mutant genes in cancer cells are secreted into the blood and are useful biomarkers for the early diagnosis of cancer. However, some difficulties exist; for example, the same gene will express different protein mutants in different patients, and early tumors secrete only small amounts of mutant protein. Thus, the presence of mutant proteins in plasma has not previously been exploited for the early diagnosis of cancer. Proximity ligation assay is a protein-detection method that has been developed in recent years and has been widely used because of its high sensitivity. However, this approach still suffers from some shortcomings that should be addressed. In this paper, we develop a covalent-bonding tube-based proximity ligation assay (TB-PLA). The limit of detection of TB-PLA for 0.001pM, and the method exhibited a broad dynamic range of up to seven orders of magnitude. Furthermore, we coupled the conformation-specific antibody PAb240 of p53 mutants to PCR tubes for TB-PLA. The assay was capable of detecting an approximately 500-fold lower concentration of mutant p53 in serum compared with sandwich ELISA. Thus, we demonstrate TB-PLA to be a highly sensitive and effective approach that is suitable for the early clinical diagnosis of cancer using the conformation-specific antibodies of protein mutants.
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Selection of aptamers for fluorescent detection of alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase by single-bead SELEX. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 62:106-12. [PMID: 24994506 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This paper first reports DNA aptamers and a fluorescent enzyme-linked aptamer assay (ELAA) targeting alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR), an emerging prostate cancer biomarker. The aptamers were in vitro selected using a new single-bead SELEX approach, which was rapid and consumed only ca. 45 ng AMACR. Before SELEX, silane chemistry was used to prepare epoxide-functionalized glass microbeads (EGBs, 500 μm in size and manipulated by tweezers) for AMACR coating. Recombinant AMACR was also prepared. During SELEX, the ligand evolution was assured by a differential real-time quantitative PCR assay. After SELEX, the aptamers were identified by the alignment analysis and 2nd structure prediction from the selected, cloned sequences. The circular dichroism (CD) analysis revealed that the aptamers formed stable B-form, stem-loop conformations. The fluorescent ELAA method confirmed the nM-level affinity and high specificity of the aptamers against AMACR. Finally, an aptamer-based fluorescent AMACR assay was demonstrated. The assay featured a wide dynamic range (from 10(-1) to 10(3) nM of AMACR), a low detection limit of 0.44 nM (19.5 ng/mL), and high AMACR specificity and is promising for clinical AMACR diagnostics.
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Stephan C, Ralla B, Jung K. Prostate-specific antigen and other serum and urine markers in prostate cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2014; 1846:99-112. [PMID: 24727384 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is one of the most widely used tumor markers, and strongly correlates with the risk of harboring from prostate cancer (PCa). This risk is visible already several years in advance but PSA has severe limitations for PCa detection with its low specificity and low negative predictive value. There is an urgent need for new biomarkers especially to detect clinically significant and aggressive PCa. From all PSA-based markers, the FDA-approved Prostate Health Index (phi) shows improved specificity over percent free and total PSA. Other serum kallikreins or sarcosine in serum or urine show more diverging data. In urine, the FDA-approved prostate cancer gene 3 (PCA3) has also proven its utility in the detection and management of early PCa. However, some aspects on its correlation with aggressiveness and the low sensitivity at very high values have to be re-examined. The detection of a fusion of the androgen regulated TMPRSS2 gene with the ERG oncogene (from the ETS family), which acts as transcription factor gene, in tissue of ~50% of all PCa patients was one milestone in PCa research. When combining the urinary assays for TMPRSS2:ERG and PCA3, an improved accuracy for PCa detection is visible. PCA3 and phi as the best available PCa biomarkers show an equal performance in direct comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Stephan
- Department of Urology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute for Urologic Research, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Bernhard Ralla
- Department of Urology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Jung
- Department of Urology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute for Urologic Research, Berlin, Germany
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Sakamoto S, Omagari K, Kita Y, Mochizuki Y, Naito Y, Kawata S, Matsuda S, Itano O, Jinno H, Takeuchi H, Yamaguchi Y, Kitagawa Y, Handa H. Magnetically Promoted Rapid Immunoreactions Using Functionalized Fluorescent Magnetic Beads: A Proof of Principle. Clin Chem 2014; 60:610-20. [DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2013.211433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Accurate detection and monitoring of disease-related biomarkers is important in understanding pathophysiology. We devised a rapid immunoreaction system that uses submicrometer polymer-coated fluorescent ferrite (FF) beads containing both ferrites (magnetic iron oxide) and fluorescent europium complexes.
METHODS
FF beads were prepared by encapsulation of hydrophobic europium complexes into the polymer layers of affinity magnetic beads using organic solvent. A sandwich immunoassay using magnetic collection of antibody-coated FF beads to a specific place was performed. Brain natriuretic peptide and prostate-specific antigen were selected as target detection antigens to demonstrate the feasibility of this approach. An immunohistochemical staining using magnetic collection of antibody-coated FF beads onto carcinoma cell samples was also performed.
RESULTS
The sandwich immunoassays, taking advantage of the magnetic collection of antibody-coated FF beads, detected target antigens within 5 min of sample addition. Without magnetic collection, the sandwich immunoassay using antibody-coated FF beads required long times, similar to conventional immunoassays. Using the magnetic collection of antibody-coated FF beads, immunohistochemical staining enabled discrimination of carcinoma cells within 20 min.
CONCLUSIONS
This proof of principle system demonstrates that immunoreactions involving the magnetic collection of antibody-coated FF beads allow acceleration of the antigen–antibody reaction. The simple magnetic collection of antibody-coated FF beads to a specific space enables rapid detection of disease-related biomarkers and identification of carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Sakamoto
- Department of Biological Information, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kenshi Omagari
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kita
- Department of Biological Information, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yusuke Mochizuki
- Department of Biological Information, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Naito
- Department of Biological Information, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shintaro Kawata
- Department of Biological Information, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Sachiko Matsuda
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Itano
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Jinno
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroya Takeuchi
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Biological Information, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuko Kitagawa
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Handa
- Department of Biological Information, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
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Szánthó E, Bhattoa HP, Csobán M, Antal-Szalmás P, Újfalusi A, Kappelmayer J, Hevessy Z. Serum thymidine kinase activity: analytical performance, age-related reference ranges and validation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91647. [PMID: 24621590 PMCID: PMC3951402 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To date no age-related reference ranges are available for serum thymidine kinase (TK1) activity. Being a proliferation marker, it may be used as a prognostic marker in malignant diseases, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Our aim was to establish age-specific reference ranges for TK1 and examine its utility as a screening marker in CLL, a disease of the elderly. Methods Serum TK1 activity was measured by a competitive chemiluminescent immunoassay in 369 healthy adults and 115 de novo CLL patients. Results We observed a statistically significant decline in TK1 activity from young (18–35 years) to middle-aged (36–60 years) and further on to elderly (60–86 years) healthy individuals. Age-related reference range was: <30 U/L for young, <25 U/L for middle-aged and <19 U/L for elderly. There was no difference in TK1 activity between the studied healthy men and women. In CLL patients, TK1 activity was the highest in the advanced Rai stages. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC-AUC) for TK1 was 0.840 (95% CI: 0.787–0.892), for differentiating CLL patients from age and sex matched healthy controls, with a cut-off value of 10.5 U/L (sensitivity: 80.9%, specificity: 73.4%). TK1 was significantly elevated in CD38+/Zap70+ CLL patients, and showed significant correlation with WBC and absolute B-cell count. Conclusion In the healthy, serum TK1 activity does not differ in the two sexes but declines significantly with age. As such, use of age-related reference ranges is warranted, especially when evaluating CLL patients who generally belong to the elderly age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Szánthó
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Harjit Pal Bhattoa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Mária Csobán
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Péter Antal-Szalmás
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Anikó Újfalusi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - János Kappelmayer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Hevessy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- * E-mail:
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