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Panrat T, Phongdara A, Wuthisathid K, Meemetta W, Phiwsaiya K, Vanichviriyakit R, Senapin S, Sangsuriya P. Structural modelling and preventive strategy targeting of WSSV hub proteins to combat viral infection in shrimp Penaeus monodon. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0307976. [PMID: 39074084 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) presents a considerable peril to the aquaculture sector, leading to notable financial consequences on a global scale. Previous studies have identified hub proteins, including WSSV051 and WSSV517, as essential binding elements in the protein interaction network of WSSV. This work further investigates the functional structures and potential applications of WSSV hub complexes in managing WSSV infection. Using computational methodologies, we have successfully generated comprehensive three-dimensional (3D) representations of hub proteins along with their three mutual binding counterparts, elucidating crucial interaction locations. The results of our study indicate that the WSSV051 hub protein demonstrates higher binding energy than WSSV517. Moreover, a unique motif, denoted as "S-S-x(5)-S-x(2)-P," was discovered among the binding proteins. This pattern perhaps contributes to the detection of partners by the hub proteins of WSSV. An antiviral strategy targeting WSSV hub proteins was demonstrated through the oral administration of dual hub double-stranded RNAs to the black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon, followed by a challenge assay. The findings demonstrate a decrease in shrimp mortality and a cessation of WSSV multiplication. In conclusion, our research unveils the structural features and dynamic interactions of hub complexes, shedding light on their significance in the WSSV protein network. This highlights the potential of hub protein-based interventions to mitigate the impact of WSSV infection in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanate Panrat
- Prince of Songkla University International College, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai Campus, Songkhla, Thailand
- Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics Research, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Amornrat Phongdara
- Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics Research, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Kitti Wuthisathid
- Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Watcharachai Meemetta
- Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kornsunee Phiwsaiya
- Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Rapeepun Vanichviriyakit
- Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Saengchan Senapin
- Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Pakkakul Sangsuriya
- Aquatic Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Research Team, BIOTEC, NSTDA, Pathum Thani, Thailand
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Duan Y, Li J, Zhang Z, Li J, Ge Q, Liu P. The role of oncoprotein NM23 gene from Exopalaemon carinicauda is response to pathogens challenge and ammonia-N stress. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 47:1067-1074. [PMID: 26314522 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Oncoprotein NM23, as a family of genes encoding the nucleoside diphosphate (NDP) kinase, plays important roles in bioenergetics, DNA replication, differentiation and tumor metastasis. In this study, a full-length cDNA of NM23 (designated EcNM23) was cloned from Exopalaemon carinicauda by using rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) approaches. The full-length cDNA of EcNM23 was 755 bp, which contains an open reading frame (ORF) of 518 bp, encoding a 175 amino-acid polypeptide with the predicted molecular weight of 19.60 kDa and estimated isoelectric point of 7.67. The deduced amino acid sequence of EcNM23 shared high identity (86%-93%) with that of other crustaceans. a NDP kinase super family signature was identified in E. carinicauda EcNM23. Quantitative real-time RT-qPCR analysis indicated that EcNM23 was expressed in all the examined tissues with the high expression level in hemocytes and ovary. The EcNM23 expression in immune-related tissues changed rapidly and reached peak at different time after pathogens (Vibrio parahaemolyticus and WSSV) challenge and ammonia-N stress treatment. The results suggested that EcNM23 might be associated with the immune defenses to pathogens infection and ammonia-N stress in E. carinicauda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Duan
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China
| | - Jitao Li
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, No. 1 Wenhai Road, Aoshanwei Town, Jimo, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, No. 1 Wenhai Road, Aoshanwei Town, Jimo, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Qianqian Ge
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, No. 1 Wenhai Road, Aoshanwei Town, Jimo, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Ping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, No. 1 Wenhai Road, Aoshanwei Town, Jimo, Qingdao 266071, PR China.
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A novel viral thymidylate kinase with dual kinase activity. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2015; 47:431-40. [PMID: 26315341 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-015-9622-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Nucleotide phosphorylation is a key step in DNA replication and viral infections, since suitable levels of nucleotide triphosphates pool are required for this process. Deoxythymidine monophosphate (dTMP) is produced either by de novo or salvage pathways, which is further phosphorylated to deoxythymidine triphosphate (dTTP). Thymidyne monophosphate kinase (TMK) is the enzyme in the junction of both pathways, which phosphorylates dTMP to yield deoxythymidine diphosphate (dTDP) using adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as a phosphate donor. White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) genome contains an open reading frame (ORF454) that encodes a thymidine kinase and TMK domains in a single polypeptide. We overexpressed the TMK ORF454 domain (TMKwssv) and its specific activity was measured with dTMP and dTDP as phosphate acceptors. We found that TMKwssv can phosphorylate dTMP to yield dTDP and also is able to use dTDP as a substrate to produce dTTP. Kinetic parameters K M and k cat were calculated for dTMP (110 μM, 3.6 s(-1)), dTDP (251 μM, 0.9 s(-1)) and ATP (92 μM, 3.2 s(-1)) substrates, and TMKwssv showed a sequential ordered bi-bi reaction mechanism. The binding constants K d for dTMP (1.9 μM) and dTDP (10 μM) to TMKwssv were determined by Isothermal Titration Calorimetry. The affinity of the nucleotidic analog stavudine monophosphate was in the same order of magnitude (K d 3.6 μM) to the canonical substrate dTMP. These results suggest that nucleotide analogues such as stavudine could be a suitable antiviral strategy for the WSSV-associated disease.
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Ferrelli ML, Salvador R, Biedma ME, Berretta MF, Haase S, Sciocco-Cap A, Ghiringhelli PD, Romanowski V. Genome of Epinotia aporema granulovirus (EpapGV), a polyorganotropic fast killing betabaculovirus with a novel thymidylate kinase gene. BMC Genomics 2012; 13:548. [PMID: 23051685 PMCID: PMC3496565 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-13-548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epinotia aporema (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is an important pest of legume crops in South America. Epinotia aporema granulovirus (EpapGV) is a baculovirus that causes a polyorganotropic infection in the host larva. Its high pathogenicity and host specificity make EpapGV an excellent candidate to be used as a biological control agent. RESULTS The genome of Epinotia aporema granulovirus (EpapGV) was sequenced and analyzed. Its circular double-stranded DNA genome is 119,082 bp in length and codes for 133 putative genes. It contains the 31 baculovirus core genes and a set of 19 genes that are GV exclusive. Seventeen ORFs were unique to EpapGV in comparison with other baculoviruses. Of these, 16 found no homologues in GenBank, and one encoded a thymidylate kinase. Analysis of nucleotide sequence repeats revealed the presence of 16 homologous regions (hrs) interspersed throughout the genome. Each hr was characterized by the presence of 1 to 3 clustered imperfect palindromes which are similar to previously described palindromes of tortricid-specific GVs. Also, one of the hrs (hr4) has flanking sequences suggestive of a putative non-hr ori. Interestingly, two more complex hrs were found in opposite loci, dividing the circular dsDNA genome in two halves. Gene synteny maps showed the great colinearity of sequenced GVs, being EpapGV the most dissimilar as it has a 20 kb-long gene block inversion. Phylogenetic study performed with 31 core genes of 58 baculoviral genomes suggests that EpapGV is the baculovirus isolate closest to the putative common ancestor of tortricid specific betabaculoviruses. CONCLUSIONS This study, along with previous characterization of EpapGV infection, is useful for the better understanding of the pathology caused by this virus and its potential utilization as a bioinsecticide.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Leticia Ferrelli
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
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5
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Huang JY, Liu WJ, Wang HC, Lee DY, Leu JH, Wang HC, Tsai MH, Kang ST, Chen IT, Kou GH, Chang GD, Lo CF. Penaeus monodon thioredoxin restores the DNA binding activity of oxidized white spot syndrome virus IE1. Antioxid Redox Signal 2012; 17:914-26. [PMID: 22332765 PMCID: PMC3392615 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AIMS In this study we identified viral gene targets of the important redox regulator thioredoxin (Trx), and explored in depth how Trx interacts with the immediate early gene #1 (IE1) of the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). RESULTS In a pull-down assay, we found that recombinant Trx bound to IE1 under oxidizing conditions, and a coimmunoprecipitation assay showed that Trx bound to WSSV IE1 when the transfected cells were subjected to oxidative stress. A pull-down assay with Trx mutants showed that no IE1 binding occurred when cysteine 62 was replaced by serine. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) showed that the DNA binding activity of WSSV IE1 was downregulated under oxidative conditions, and that Penaeus monodon Trx (PmTrx) restored the DNA binding activity of the inactivated, oxidized WSSV IE1. Another EMSA experiment showed that IE1's Cys-X-X-Cys motif and cysteine residue 55 were necessary for DNA binding. Measurement of the ratio of reduced glutathione to oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) in WSSV-infected shrimp showed that oxidative stress was significantly increased at 48 h postinfection. The biological significance of Trx was also demonstrated in a double-strand RNA Trx knockdown experiment where suppression of shrimp Trx led to significant decreases in mortality and viral copy numbers. INNOVATION AND CONCLUSION WSSV's pathogenicity is enhanced by the virus' use of host Trx to rescue the DNA binding activity of WSSV IE1 under oxidizing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiun-Yan Huang
- Institute of Zoology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Quintero-Reyes IE, Garcia-Orozco KD, Sugich-Miranda R, Arvizu-Flores AA, Velazquez-Contreras EF, Castillo-Yañez FJ, Sotelo-Mundo RR. Shrimp oncoprotein nm23 is a functional nucleoside diphosphate kinase. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2012; 44:325-31. [PMID: 22528393 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-012-9436-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Biosynthesis of nucleoside triphosphates is critical for bioenergetics and nucleic acid replication, and this is achieved by nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDK). As an emerging biological model and the global importance of shrimp culture, we have addressed the study of the Pacific whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) NDK. We demonstrated its activity and affinity towards deoxynucleoside diphosphates. Also, the quaternary structure obtained by gel filtration chromatography showed that shrimp NDK is a trimer. Affinity was in the micro-molar range for dADP, dGDP, dTDP and except for dCDP, which presented no detectable interaction by isothermal titration calorimetry, as described previously for Plasmodium falciparum NDK. This information is particularly important, as this enzyme could be used to test nucleotide analogs that can block white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) viral replication and to study its bioenergetics role during hypoxia and fasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idania E Quintero-Reyes
- Aquatic Molecular Biology Lab, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C., Carretera a Ejido la Victoria Km 0.6, Hermosillo, Sonora 83304, Mexico
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7
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de-la-Re-Vega E, Garcia-Orozco KD, Arvizu-Flores AA, Yepiz-Plascencia G, Muhlia-Almazan A, Hernández J, Brieba LG, Sotelo-Mundo RR. White spot syndrome virus Orf514 encodes a bona fide DNA polymerase. Molecules 2011; 16:532-42. [PMID: 21228759 PMCID: PMC6259105 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16010532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2010] [Revised: 12/19/2010] [Accepted: 01/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is the causative agent of white spot syndrome, one of the most devastating diseases in shrimp aquaculture. The genome of WSSV includes a gene that encodes a putative family B DNA polymerase (ORF514), which is 16% identical in amino acid sequence to the Herpes virus 1 DNA polymerase. The aim of this work was to demonstrate the activity of the WSSV ORF514-encoded protein as a DNA polymerase and hence a putative antiviral target. A 3.5 kbp fragment encoding the conserved polymerase and exonuclease domains of ORF514 was overexpressed in bacteria. The recombinant protein showed polymerase activity but with very low level of processivity. Molecular modeling of the catalytic protein core encoded in ORF514 revealed a canonical polymerase fold. Amino acid sequence alignments of ORF514 indicate the presence of a putative PIP box, suggesting that the encoded putative DNA polymerase may use a host processivity factor for optimal activity. We postulate that WSSV ORF514 encodes a bona fide DNA polymerase that requires accessory proteins for activity and maybe target for drugs or compounds that inhibit viral DNA replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique de-la-Re-Vega
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD), Carretera a Ejido La Victoria Km 0.6, Apartado Postal 1735, Hermosillo, Sonora 83000, Mexico
| | - Karina D. Garcia-Orozco
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD), Carretera a Ejido La Victoria Km 0.6, Apartado Postal 1735, Hermosillo, Sonora 83000, Mexico
| | - Aldo A. Arvizu-Flores
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales S/N, Col. Centro, Hermosillo, Sonora 83000, Mexico
| | - Gloria Yepiz-Plascencia
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD), Carretera a Ejido La Victoria Km 0.6, Apartado Postal 1735, Hermosillo, Sonora 83000, Mexico
| | - Adriana Muhlia-Almazan
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD), Carretera a Ejido La Victoria Km 0.6, Apartado Postal 1735, Hermosillo, Sonora 83000, Mexico
| | - Jesús Hernández
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD), Carretera a Ejido La Victoria Km 0.6, Apartado Postal 1735, Hermosillo, Sonora 83000, Mexico
| | - Luis G. Brieba
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad (LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y EstudiosAvanzados (CINVESTAV Campus Guanajuato), Km 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León, Apartado Postal 629, Irapuato, Guanajuato 36500, Mexico
| | - Rogerio R. Sotelo-Mundo
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD), Carretera a Ejido La Victoria Km 0.6, Apartado Postal 1735, Hermosillo, Sonora 83000, Mexico
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Sánchez-Paz A. White spot syndrome virus: an overview on an emergent concern. Vet Res 2010; 41:43. [PMID: 20181325 PMCID: PMC2855118 DOI: 10.1051/vetres/2010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2009] [Accepted: 02/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses are ubiquitous and extremely abundant in the marine environment. One of such marine viruses, the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), has emerged globally as one of the most prevalent, widespread and lethal for shrimp populations. However, at present there is no treatment available to interfere with the unrestrained occurrence and spread of the disease. The recent progress in molecular biology techniques has made it possible to obtain information on the factors, mechanisms and strategies used by this virus to infect and replicate in susceptible host cells. Yet, further research is still required to fully understand the basic nature of WSSV, its exact life cycle and mode of infection. This information will expand our knowledge and may contribute to developing effective prophylactic or therapeutic measures. This review provides a state-of-the-art overview of the topic, and emphasizes the current progress and future direction for the development of WSSV control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Sánchez-Paz
- Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas del Noroeste, Unidad Hermosillo, Hermosillo, Mexico.
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9
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Rana grylio virus thymidine kinase gene: an early gene of iridovirus encoding for a cytoplasmic protein. Virus Genes 2009; 38:345-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s11262-008-0318-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2008] [Accepted: 12/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Wu Y, Lü L, Yang LS, Weng SP, Chan SM, He JG. Inhibition of white spot syndrome virus in Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp by sequence-specific siRNA. AQUACULTURE (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2007; 271:21-30. [PMID: 32287454 PMCID: PMC7112065 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2006] [Revised: 06/24/2007] [Accepted: 06/25/2007] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is a sequence-specific, post-transcriptional process of mRNA degradation. Here, we described specific silencing of five white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) genes in Litopenaeus vannamei in vivo with sequence-specific siRNAs. These genes included DNA polymerase (dnapol), ribonucleotide reductase small subunit (rr2), thymidine kinase and thymidylate kinase (tk-tmk), vp24 and vp28. At 6 days post-challenged, the relative survival rates of shrimp injected with siDNApol, siRR2, siTK-TMK, siVP24 and siVP28 (siRNAs for dnapol, rr2, tk-tmk, vp24 and vp28 genes) reached 50%, 50%, 66%, 33% and 33%, respectively. Specific siRNAs of the five WSSV genes could result in suppression of the target genes and a significant reduction in the viral proliferation. In negative controls, sequence-independent siRNA (mutant siRNA) could not inhibit expression of these five genes or viral replication. Consequently, injection of sequence-dependent siRNA could induce anti-WSSV activity in shrimp. These results suggest that siRNA can suppress WSSV efficiently in shrimp, and it may provide a potential approach to the therapy of aquaculture viral disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Ling Lü
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Li-Shi Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Shao-Ping Weng
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Sui-Ming Chan
- Department of Zoology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jian-Guo He
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +86 20 84110976; fax: +86 20 84113819.
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Sritunyalucksana K, Wannapapho W, Lo CF, Flegel TW. PmRab7 is a VP28-binding protein involved in white spot syndrome virus infection in shrimp. J Virol 2006; 80:10734-42. [PMID: 17041224 PMCID: PMC1641754 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00349-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Our aim was to isolate and characterize white spot syndrome virus (WSSV)-binding proteins from shrimp. After a blot of shrimp hemocyte membrane proteins was overlaid with a recombinant WSSV envelope protein (rVP28), the reactive bands on the blot were detected using anti-VP28 antibody. Among three membrane-associated molecules identified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, there was a 25-kDa protein that bound to both rVP28 and WSSV. Since it had a primary structure with high homology to the small GTP-binding protein Rab7, we named it Penaeus monodon Rab7 (PmRab7). The full-length PmRab7 cDNA was obtained, and results from a glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay confirmed specific binding to rVP28. Reverse transcriptase PCR analysis revealed PmRab7 expression in many tissues, and real-time PCR analysis revealed that expression was constitutive. Binding of PmRab7 to rVP28 or WSSV occurred in a dose-dependent manner and was inhibited by anti-Rab7 antibody. In an in vivo neutralization assay, the number of dead shrimp after challenge with WSSV plus PmRab7 (15%) or WSSV plus anti-Rab7 antibody (5%) was significantly lower than after challenge with WSSV alone (95%). In contrast to the WSSV-injected group, shrimp injected with WSSV plus PmRab7 or WSSV plus anti-Rab7 showed no WSSV-type histopathology. We conclude that PmRab7 is involved in WSSV infection in shrimp. This is the first study to identify a shrimp protein that binds directly to a major viral envelope protein of WSSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kallaya Sritunyalucksana
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
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13
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Liu X, Yang F. Identification and function of a shrimp white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) gene that encodes a dUTPase. Virus Res 2005; 110:21-30. [PMID: 15845252 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2005.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2004] [Revised: 01/04/2005] [Accepted: 01/10/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The ORF wsv112 of shrimp white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) was predicted to encode a protein with five conserved motifs at its N-terminus characteristics of dUTPases. The transcription of the gene named as wdut was analyzed by RT-PCR and RACE. The C-terminal end of the putative WSSV dUTPase bore very low similarity to the reported dUTPases and any other known proteins. Therefore, the 5'-terminal region (528-bp) of wdut gene was expressed in E. coli. The recombinant WSSV dUTPase (WDUT) with a molecular mass of 23 kDa could catalyze the hydrolysis of dUTP into dUMP and was highly specific for dUTP with an apparent Km of 1.2 microM. Furthermore, gel filtration results revealed that this enzyme was a trimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources (SOA and FJ), Third Institute of Oceanography, 178 Daxue Rd., Xiamen 361005, PR China
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Tzeng HF, Hung HP. Simultaneous determination of thymidylate and thymidine diphosphate by capillary electrophoresis as a rapid monitoring tool for thymidine kinase and thymidylate kinase activities. Electrophoresis 2005; 26:2225-30. [PMID: 15880557 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200410091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A simple and rapid capillary electrophoretic method was developed for the simultaneous determination of thymidylate (TMP) and thymidine 5'-diphosphate (TDP) in enzyme assays without using radioactive-labeled substrates. Prior to electrophoretic separation, addition of acetonitrile and sodium chloride to the assay solution and brief centrifugation are recommended for the purpose of sample cleanup and sample stacking. The separation of micromolar TMP and TDP from millimolar adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) was performed at 25 degrees C using sodium tetraborate as the background electrolyte. Under the optimal condition, a good separation with high efficiency was achieved in 6 min. Several parameters affecting the separation were studied, including the pH of electrolyte, the applied voltage, and acetonitrile-salt sample stacking. The fronting of the ATP peak resulting from the interference of magnesium ion in the enzyme assay buffer was suppressed by the addition of sodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate to the sample solution. Using deoxyadenylate as an internal standard, the linear range of the method was 5-200 microM, and the concentration limits of detection of TMP and TDP were 2.6 and 3.8 microM, respectively. Application of the proposed method for simultaneous determination of TMP and TDP in enzyme assays was demonstrated by the activity assays of thymidine kinase and thymidylate kinase from white spot syndrome virus. This is a sensitive, nonradioactive method for thymidine kinase and thymidylate kinase assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huey-Fen Tzeng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, Puli, Nantou, Taiwan.
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15
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Li L, Lin S, Yanga F. Functional identification of the non-specific nuclease from white spot syndrome virus. Virology 2005; 337:399-406. [PMID: 15913698 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2005.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2005] [Revised: 04/14/2005] [Accepted: 04/19/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The product encoded by the wsv191 gene from shrimp white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is homologous with non-specific nucleases (NSN) of other organisms. To functionally identify the protein, the wsv191 gene was expressed in Escherichia coli as a glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion protein with 6His-tag at C-terminal. The fusion protein (termed as rWSSV-NSN) was purified using Ni-NTA affinity chromatography under denatured conditions, renatured and characterized by three methods. The results showed that rWSSV-NSN could hydrolyze both DNA and RNA. 5'-RACE result revealed that the transcription initiation site of the wsv191 gene was located at nucleotide residue G of the predicted ATG triplet. Therefore, we concluded that the next ATG should be the genuine translation initiation codon of the wsv191 gene. Western blot analysis revealed that the molecular mass of natural WSSV-NSN was 37 kDa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, SOA, 178 Daxue Road, Xiamen 361005, P.R. China
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16
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Huang R, Xie Y, Zhang J, Shi Z. A novel envelope protein involved in White spot syndrome virus infection. J Gen Virol 2005; 86:1357-1361. [PMID: 15831947 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.80923-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
One open reading frame (designated vp76) from the White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) genome has the motif of a cytokine I receptor and has been identified as a structural protein. In this paper, vp76 was expressed in Escherichia coli and used to prepare a specific antibody to determine the location of the corresponding protein in the intact virion, the nucleocapsids and the envelope of WSSV. Western blotting with the VP76 antiserum confirmed that VP76 was an envelope protein of WSSV. To investigate the function of the VP76, WSSV was neutralized with the VP76-specific antiserum at different concentrations and injected intramuscularly into crayfish. The mortality curves showed that the VP76 antiserum could partially attenuate infection with WSSV, suggesting that VP76 is an envelope protein involved in WSSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 430071 Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunli Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 430071 Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 430071 Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengli Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 430071 Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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17
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Tsai JM, Wang HC, Leu JH, Hsiao HH, Wang AHJ, Kou GH, Lo CF. Genomic and proteomic analysis of thirty-nine structural proteins of shrimp white spot syndrome virus. J Virol 2004; 78:11360-70. [PMID: 15452257 PMCID: PMC521807 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.78.20.11360-11370.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) virions were purified from the hemolymph of experimentally infected crayfish Procambarus clarkii, and their proteins were separated by 8 to 18% gradient sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) to give a protein profile. The visible bands were then excised from the gel, and following trypsin digestion of the reduced and alkylated WSSV proteins in the bands, the peptide sequence of each fragment was determined by liquid chromatography-nano-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-nanoESI-MS/MS) using a quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Comparison of the resulting peptide sequence data against the nonredundant database at the National Center for Biotechnology Information identified 33 WSSV structural genes, 20 of which are reported here for the first time. Since there were six other known WSSV structural proteins that could not be identified from the SDS-PAGE bands, there must therefore be a total of at least 39 (33 + 6) WSSV structural protein genes. Only 61.5% of the WSSV structural genes have a polyadenylation signal, and preliminary analysis by 3' rapid amplification of cDNA ends suggested that some structural protein genes produced mRNA without a poly(A) tail. Microarray analysis showed that gene expression started at 2, 6, 8, 12, 18, 24, and 36 hpi for 7, 1, 4, 12, 9, 5, and 1 of the genes, respectively. Based on similarities in their time course expression patterns, a clustering algorithm was used to group the WSSV structural genes into four clusters. Genes that putatively had common or similar roles in the viral infection cycle tended to appear in the same cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyh-Ming Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Zoology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan R.O.C
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18
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Hossain MS, Khadijah S, Kwang J. Characterization of ORF89--a latency-related gene of white spot syndrome virus. Virology 2004; 325:106-15. [PMID: 15231390 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2004.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2004] [Revised: 04/26/2004] [Accepted: 05/04/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Open reading frame 89 (ORF89) is one of the three genes that are believed to be involved in the latent infection of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). Here, we report the structure and functional characterization of ORF89. cDNA sequencing, 5' RLM-RACE, and 3' RLM-RACE showed that ORF89 gene is transcribed into an unspliced mRNA of 4436 nucleotides, which is predicted to encode a protein of 1437 amino acids. ORF89 expressed an approximately 165-kDa protein in Sf9 cells that localized in the nucleus. Amino acids 678-683 were found to be essential for nuclear localization. Cotransfection assays demonstrated that ORF89 protein repressed its own promoter as well as those of a protein kinase and the thymidine-thymidylate kinase genes of WSSV. SYBR Green real-time PCR indicated that the repression occurred at the transcriptional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Hossain
- Animal Health Biotechnology, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, The National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Singapore
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19
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Lin ST, Chang YS, Wang HC, Tzeng HF, Chang ZF, Lin JY, Wang CH, Lo CF, Kou GH. Ribonucleotide reductase of shrimp white spot syndrome virus (WSSV): expression and enzymatic activity in a baculovirus/insect cell system and WSSV-infected shrimp. Virology 2002; 304:282-90. [PMID: 12504569 DOI: 10.1006/viro.2002.1696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Infection of shrimp cells with white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) results in an increase in ribonucleotide reductase (RR) expression at the RNA level. In this article we further express and characterize the induction of a novel ribonucleotide reductase after WSSV infection of shrimp cells. A baculovirus/insect system was used to express the two recombinant protein subunits RR1 and RR2, and a DNA polymerase coupled RR activity assay showed a marked increase in ribonucleotide reductase activity when cell extracts containing recombinant RR1 and RR2 were combined. The same assay revealed that RR activity increased as infection advanced in the gills of experimentally infected shrimp. An increase in RR expression was also detected at the protein level in WSSV-infected shrimp cells. An immunocytochemistry assay by confocal laser scanning microscopy showed that in hemocytes collected from WSSV-infected shrimp, both of the subunit proteins (RR1 and RR2) were concentrated mainly around the nucleus, but only RR1 was detected inside it. All of these results suggest that WSSV RR is functionally involved during WSSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinn-Tsuen Lin
- Department of Zoology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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