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Laroche L, Ayhan N, Charrel R, Bañuls AL, Prudhomme J. Persistence of Toscana virus in sugar and blood meals of phlebotomine sand flies: epidemiological and experimental consequences. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5608. [PMID: 37019992 PMCID: PMC10076283 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32431-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Many virological studies have tested the persistence of enveloped RNA viruses in various environmental and laboratory conditions and shown their short-term persistence. In this article, we analyzed Toscana virus (TOSV) infectivity, a pathogenic sandfly-borne phlebovirus, in two different conditions: in the sugar meal and blood meal of sand flies. Our results showed that TOSV RNA was detectable up to 15 days in sugar solution at 26 °C and up to 6 h in blood at 37 °C. Moreover, TOSV remains infective for 7 days in sugar solution and for minimum 6 h in rabbit blood. TOSV has shown persistent infectivity/viability under different conditions, which may have important epidemiological consequences. These results strengthen new hypotheses about the TOSV natural cycle, such as the possibility of horizontal transmission between sand flies through infected sugar meal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lison Laroche
- UMR MIVEGEC, Université de Montpellier - IRD 224 - CNRS 5290, 911 Avenue Agropolis, 34394, Montpellier, France.
| | - Nazli Ayhan
- UVE, Aix Marseille Université - IRD 190 - Inserm 1207 - AP-HM Hôpitaux Universitaires de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Rémi Charrel
- UVE, Aix Marseille Université - IRD 190 - Inserm 1207 - AP-HM Hôpitaux Universitaires de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Anne-Laure Bañuls
- UMR MIVEGEC, Université de Montpellier - IRD 224 - CNRS 5290, 911 Avenue Agropolis, 34394, Montpellier, France
| | - Jorian Prudhomme
- UMR MIVEGEC, Université de Montpellier - IRD 224 - CNRS 5290, 911 Avenue Agropolis, 34394, Montpellier, France
- INTHERES, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Toulouse, France
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2
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A Review on Chikungunya Virus Epidemiology, Pathogenesis and Current Vaccine Development. Viruses 2022; 14:v14050969. [PMID: 35632709 PMCID: PMC9147731 DOI: 10.3390/v14050969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne alphavirus that recently re-emerged in many parts of the world causing large-scale outbreaks. CHIKV infection presents as a febrile illness known as chikungunya fever (CHIKF). Infection is self-limited and characterized mainly by severe joint pain and myalgia that can last for weeks or months; however, severe disease presentation can also occur in a minor proportion of infections. Among the atypical CHIKV manifestations that have been described, severe arthralgia and neurological complications, such as encephalitis, meningitis, and Guillain–Barré Syndrome, are now reported in many outbreaks. Moreover, death cases were also reported, placing CHIKV as a relevant public health disease. Virus evolution, globalization, and climate change may have contributed to CHIKV spread. In addition to this, the lack of preventive vaccines and approved antiviral treatments is turning CHIKV into a major global health threat. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge about CHIKV pathogenesis, with a focus on atypical disease manifestations, such as persistent arthralgia and neurologic disease presentation. We also bring an up-to-date review of the current CHIKV vaccine development. Altogether, these topics highlight some of the most recent advances in our understanding of CHIKV pathogenesis and also provide important insights into the current development and clinical trials of CHIKV potential vaccine candidates.
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Chen R, Chen J, Xiang Y, Chen Y, Shen W, Wang W, Li Y, Wei P, He X. Differential Modulation of Innate Antiviral Profiles in the Intestinal Lamina Propria Cells of Chickens Infected with Infectious Bursal Disease Viruses of Different Virulence. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020393. [PMID: 35215986 PMCID: PMC8878311 DOI: 10.3390/v14020393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is one of the most important infectious diseases of poultry around the world. Gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) are the first line of defense of the host against the infection. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of innate immune antiviral signaling triggered by Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), as well as macrophage activation and cytokine response in the intestinal lamina propria (ILP) cells after the oral challenge of IBDV in relation to IBDV virulence and disease pathogenesis. The results showed that the expression levels of TLR3, IRF7, IFN-α/β and the corresponding downstream antiviral factors OAS, PKR and Mx were all upregulated in the SPF chicken ILP cells at 8 h post-infection (hpi) and 12 hpi. Similarly, macrophages were activated, with the initial macrophage M1 activation observed at 8 hpi, but then it rapidly shifted to a non-protective M2-type. Both Th1 (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-12) and Th2 (IL-4 and IL-10) types of cytokines were differentially upregulated during the early stage of infection; however, the Th1 cytokines exhibited stronger activation before 8 hpi compared to those of the Th2 cytokines. Interestingly, differential regulations of gene expression induced by different IBDV strains with different virulence were detected. The HLJ0504-like very virulent (vv) IBDV strain NN1172 induced stronger activation of TLR3-IFN-α/β pathway, macrophages and the Th1/2 cytokines’ expression, compared to those induced by the attenuated strain B87 at 8 hpi and 12 hpi in the ILP cells. In conclusion, the innate antiviral response mediated by the TLR3-IRF7 pathway, macrophage activation and cytokine expression in the GALT cells at the early stage of IBDV infection was differentially modulated, and the HLJ0504-like vvIBDV strain triggered stronger activation than the attenuated vaccine strain, and that may play an important role in the progression of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530008, China; (R.C.); (J.C.); (Y.X.); (Y.C.); (W.S.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jinnan Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530008, China; (R.C.); (J.C.); (Y.X.); (Y.C.); (W.S.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yanhua Xiang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530008, China; (R.C.); (J.C.); (Y.X.); (Y.C.); (W.S.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yanyan Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530008, China; (R.C.); (J.C.); (Y.X.); (Y.C.); (W.S.); (Y.L.)
| | - Weiwei Shen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530008, China; (R.C.); (J.C.); (Y.X.); (Y.C.); (W.S.); (Y.L.)
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
| | - Yihai Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530008, China; (R.C.); (J.C.); (Y.X.); (Y.C.); (W.S.); (Y.L.)
| | - Ping Wei
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
- Correspondence: (P.W.); (X.H.)
| | - Xiumiao He
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530008, China; (R.C.); (J.C.); (Y.X.); (Y.C.); (W.S.); (Y.L.)
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
- Correspondence: (P.W.); (X.H.)
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4
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Pott F, Postmus D, Brown RJP, Wyler E, Neumann E, Landthaler M, Goffinet C. Single-cell analysis of arthritogenic alphavirus-infected human synovial fibroblasts links low abundance of viral RNA to induction of innate immunity and arthralgia-associated gene expression. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 10:2151-2168. [PMID: 34723780 PMCID: PMC8604527 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.2000891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Infection by (re-)emerging RNA arboviruses including Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and Mayaro virus primarily cause acute febrile disease and transient polyarthralgia. However, in a significant subset of infected individuals, debilitating arthralgia persists for weeks over months up to years. The underlying immunopathogenesis of chronification of arthralgia upon primary RNA-viral infection remains unclear. Here, we analysed cell-intrinsic responses to ex vivo arthritogenic alphaviral infection of primary human synovial fibroblasts isolated from knee joints, one the most affected joint types during acute and chronic CHIKV disease. Synovial fibroblasts were susceptible and permissive to alphaviral infection. Base-line and exogenously added type I interferon (IFN) partially and potently restricted infection, respectively. RNA-seq revealed a CHIKV infection-induced transcriptional profile that comprised upregulation of expression of several hundred IFN-stimulated and arthralgia-mediating genes. Single-cell virus-inclusive RNA-seq uncovered a fine-tuned switch from induction to repression of cell-intrinsic immune responses depending on the abundance of viral RNA in an individual cell. Specifically, responses were most pronounced in cells displaying low-to-intermediate amounts of viral RNA and absence of virus-encoded, fluorescent reporter protein expression, arguing for efficient counteraction of innate immunity in cells expressing viral antagonists at sufficient quantities. In summary, cell-intrinsic sensing of viral RNA that potentially persists or replicates at low levels in synovial fibroblasts and other target cell types in vivo may contribute to the chronic arthralgia induced by alphaviral infections. Our findings might advance our understanding of the immunopathophysiology of long-term pathogenesis of RNA-viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Pott
- Institute of Virology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dylan Postmus
- Institute of Virology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Emanuel Wyler
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Elena Neumann
- Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Markus Landthaler
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Berlin, Germany
- IRI Life Sciences, Institut für Biologie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christine Goffinet
- Institute of Virology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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5
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Ross River Virus Infection: A Cross-Disciplinary Review with a Veterinary Perspective. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10030357. [PMID: 33802851 PMCID: PMC8002670 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10030357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ross River virus (RRV) has recently been suggested to be a potential emerging infectious disease worldwide. RRV infection remains the most common human arboviral disease in Australia, with a yearly estimated economic cost of $4.3 billion. Infection in humans and horses can cause chronic, long-term debilitating arthritogenic illnesses. However, current knowledge of immunopathogenesis remains to be elucidated and is mainly inferred from a murine model that only partially resembles clinical signs and pathology in human and horses. The epidemiology of RRV transmission is complex and multifactorial and is further complicated by climate change, making predictive models difficult to design. Establishing an equine model for RRV may allow better characterization of RRV disease pathogenesis and immunology in humans and horses, and could potentially be used for other infectious diseases. While there are no approved therapeutics or registered vaccines to treat or prevent RRV infection, clinical trials of various potential drugs and vaccines are currently underway. In the future, the RRV disease dynamic is likely to shift into temperate areas of Australia with longer active months of infection. Here, we (1) review the current knowledge of RRV infection, epidemiology, diagnostics, and therapeutics in both humans and horses; (2) identify and discuss major research gaps that warrant further research.
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Belarbi E, Legros V, Basset J, Desprès P, Roques P, Choumet V. Bioluminescent Ross River Virus Allows Live Monitoring of Acute and Long-Term Alphaviral Infection by In Vivo Imaging. Viruses 2019; 11:v11070584. [PMID: 31252609 PMCID: PMC6669695 DOI: 10.3390/v11070584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Arboviruses like chikungunya and Ross River (RRV) are responsible for massive outbreaks of viral polyarthritis. There is no effective treatment or vaccine available against these viruses that induce prolonged and disabling arthritis. To explore the physiopathological mechanisms of alphaviral arthritis, we engineered a recombinant RRV expressing a NanoLuc reporter (RRV-NLuc), which exhibited high stability, near native replication kinetics and allowed real time monitoring of viral spread in an albino mouse strain. During the acute phase of the disease, we observed a high bioluminescent signal reflecting viral replication and dissemination in the infected mice. Using Bindarit, an anti-inflammatory drug that inhibits monocyte recruitment, we observed a reduction in viral dissemination demonstrating the important role of monocytes in the propagation of the virus and the adaptation of this model to the in vivo evaluation of treatment strategies. After resolution of the acute symptoms, we observed an increase in the bioluminescent signal in mice subjected to an immunosuppressive treatment 30 days post infection, thus showing active in vivo replication of remnant virus. We show here that this novel reporter virus is suitable to study the alphaviral disease up to the chronic phase, opening new perspectives for the evaluation of therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essia Belarbi
- Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT Department, IBFJ, CEA, Université Paris Sud, INSERM U1184, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Arbovirus group, Environment and Infectious Risks unit, Pasteur Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Vincent Legros
- Arbovirus group, Environment and Infectious Risks unit, Pasteur Institute, 75015 Paris, France
- Epidemiology and Physiopathology of Oncogenic Viruses Unit, Virology department, Pasteur Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Justine Basset
- Arbovirus group, Environment and Infectious Risks unit, Pasteur Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Desprès
- Université de la Réunion, INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR 9192, IRD UMR 249, Unité Mixte Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, 97491 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France
| | - Pierre Roques
- Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT Department, IBFJ, CEA, Université Paris Sud, INSERM U1184, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| | - Valérie Choumet
- Arbovirus group, Environment and Infectious Risks unit, Pasteur Institute, 75015 Paris, France.
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Nikitina E, Larionova I, Choinzonov E, Kzhyshkowska J. Monocytes and Macrophages as Viral Targets and Reservoirs. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2821. [PMID: 30231586 PMCID: PMC6163364 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses manipulate cell biology to utilize monocytes/macrophages as vessels for dissemination, long-term persistence within tissues and virus replication. Viruses enter cells through endocytosis, phagocytosis, macropinocytosis or membrane fusion. These processes play important roles in the mechanisms contributing to the pathogenesis of these agents and in establishing viral genome persistence and latency. Upon viral infection, monocytes respond with an elevated expression of proinflammatory signalling molecules and antiviral responses, as is shown in the case of the influenza, Chikungunya, human herpes and Zika viruses. Human immunodeficiency virus initiates acute inflammation on site during the early stages of infection but there is a shift of M1 to M2 at the later stages of infection. Cytomegalovirus creates a balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory processes by inducing a specific phenotype within the M1/M2 continuum. Despite facilitating inflammation, infected macrophages generally display abolished apoptosis and restricted cytopathic effect, which sustains the virus production. The majority of viruses discussed in this review employ monocytes/macrophages as a repository but certain viruses use these cells for productive replication. This review focuses on viral adaptations to enter monocytes/macrophages, immune escape, reprogramming of infected cells and the response of the host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Nikitina
- Department of Episomal-Persistent DNA in Cancer- and Chronic Diseases, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of Oncovirology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634050, Russia.
- Department of Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine, Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russia.
| | - Irina Larionova
- Department of Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine, Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russia.
- Department of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634050, Russia.
| | - Evgeniy Choinzonov
- Head and Neck Department, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634050, Russia.
| | - Julia Kzhyshkowska
- Department of Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine, Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russia.
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Heidelberg, Germany.
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8
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Cavalheiro MG, Costa LSDA, Campos HS, Alves LS, Assunção-Miranda I, Poian ATDA. Macrophages as target cells for Mayaro virus infection: involvement of reactive oxygen species in the inflammatory response during virus replication. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2018; 88:1485-99. [PMID: 27627069 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201620150685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alphaviruses among the viruses that cause arthritis, consisting in a public health problem worldwide by causing localized outbreaks, as well as large epidemics in humans. Interestingly, while the Old World alphaviruses are arthritogenic, the New World alphaviruses cause encephalitis. One exception is Mayaro virus (MAYV), which circulates exclusively in South America but causes arthralgia and is phylogenetically related to the Old World alphaviruses. Although MAYV-induced arthritis in humans is well documented, the molecular and cellular factors that contribute to its pathogenesis are completely unknown. In this study, we demonstrated for the first time that macrophages, key players in arthritis development, are target cells for MAYV infection, which leads to cell death through apoptosis. We showed that MAYV replication in macrophage induced the expression of TNF, a cytokine that would contribute to pathogenesis of MAYV fever, since TNF promotes an inflammatory profile characteristic of arthritis. We also found a significant increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at early times of infection, which coincides with the peak of virus replication and precedes TNF secretion. Treatment of the cells with antioxidant agents just after infection completely abolished TNF secretion, indicating an involvement of ROS in inflammation induced during MAYV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana G Cavalheiro
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Bloco E, Sala 18, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brasil
| | - Leandro Silva DA Costa
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Bloco E, Sala 18, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brasil
| | - Holmes S Campos
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Bloco E, Sala 18, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brasil
| | - Letícia S Alves
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Bloco I, Sala I0-55, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Iranaia Assunção-Miranda
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Bloco I, Sala I0-55, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Andrea T DA Poian
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Bloco E, Sala 18, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brasil
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9
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Liu X, Tharmarajah K, Taylor A. Ross River virus disease clinical presentation, pathogenesis and current therapeutic strategies. Microbes Infect 2017; 19:496-504. [PMID: 28754345 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ross River virus (RRV) is an arthitogenic alphavirus capable of causing outbreaks of debilitating musculoskeletal inflammatory disease in humans. RRV is the most common mosquito-borne disease in Australia, with outbreaks of RRV generally occurring during seasonal wet and warm conditions. Patients with Ross River virus disease (RRVD) typically present with fever, polyarthralgia, myalgia and a maculopapular erythematous rash. Treatment of the disease is usually palliative with no licensed vaccines or antiviral therapies currently available. In an effort to better inform therapeutic design, much progress has been made to understand the pathogenesis of RRVD. Progress has been largely driven by clinical evaluations supported by research using established murine models of RRVD, able to accurately replicate human disease. In this review we describe RRVD pathogenesis and the role of the host immune response, with particular focus on insights from studying animal models. We also discuss prospects for effective vaccines, preclinical development of therapeutic strategies and raise important questions for future RRV research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Liu
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, 4222, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kothila Tharmarajah
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, 4222, Queensland, Australia
| | - Adam Taylor
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, 4222, Queensland, Australia.
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10
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Nayak TK, Mamidi P, Kumar A, Singh LPK, Sahoo SS, Chattopadhyay S, Chattopadhyay S. Regulation of Viral Replication, Apoptosis and Pro-Inflammatory Responses by 17-AAG during Chikungunya Virus Infection in Macrophages. Viruses 2017; 9:v9010003. [PMID: 28067803 PMCID: PMC5294972 DOI: 10.3390/v9010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection has re-emerged as a major public health concern due to its recent worldwide epidemics and lack of control measures. Although CHIKV is known to infect macrophages, regulation of CHIKV replication, apoptosis and immune responses towards macrophages are not well understood. Accordingly, the Raw264.7 cells, a mouse macrophage cell line, were infected with CHIKV and viral replication as well as new viral progeny release was assessed by flow cytometry and plaque assay, respectively. Moreover, host immune modulation and apoptosis were studied through flow cytometry, Western blot and ELISA. Our current findings suggest that expression of CHIKV proteins were maximum at 8 hpi and the release of new viral progenies were remarkably increased around 12 hpi. The induction of Annexin V binding, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9 and cleaved caspase-8 in CHIKV infected macrophages suggests activation of apoptosis through both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. The pro-inflammatory mediators (TNF and IL-6) MHC-I/II and B7.2 (CD86) were also up-regulated during infection over time. Further, 17-AAG, a potential HSP90 inhibitor, was found to regulate CHIKV infection, apoptosis and pro-inflammatory cytokine/chemokine productions of host macrophages significantly. Hence, the present findings might bring new insight into the therapeutic implication in CHIKV disease biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapas K Nayak
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education & Research, Bhubaneswar, HBNI, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha 752050, India.
| | - Prabhudutta Mamidi
- Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, (Autonomous Institute of Department of Biotechnology, Government of India), Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751023, India.
| | - Abhishek Kumar
- Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, (Autonomous Institute of Department of Biotechnology, Government of India), Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751023, India.
| | - Laishram Pradeep K Singh
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education & Research, Bhubaneswar, HBNI, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha 752050, India.
| | - Subhransu S Sahoo
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education & Research, Bhubaneswar, HBNI, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha 752050, India.
| | - Soma Chattopadhyay
- Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, (Autonomous Institute of Department of Biotechnology, Government of India), Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751023, India.
| | - Subhasis Chattopadhyay
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education & Research, Bhubaneswar, HBNI, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha 752050, India.
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11
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Krejbich-Trotot P, Belarbi E, Ralambondrainy M, El-Kalamouni C, Viranaicken W, Roques P, Desprès P, Gadea G. The growth of arthralgic Ross River virus is restricted in human monocytic cells. Virus Res 2016; 225:64-68. [PMID: 27637347 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Alphaviruses such as Chikungunya and Ross River (RRV) viruses are associated with persistent arthritis and arthralgia in humans. Monocytes and macrophages are believed to play an important role in alphaviral arthritides. In this study, we evaluated RRV permissiveness of the human acute leukemia MM6 cell line. Viral growth analysis showed that RRV infection of MM6 cells resulted in a very low virus progeny production with daily output. Using recombinant RRV expressing the reporter gene Renilla luciferase, a weak viral replication level was detected in infected cells at the early stages of infection. The infection restriction was not associated with type-I interferon and pro-inflammatory cytokines release. Apoptosis hallmarks (i.e. mitochondrial BAX localisation and PARP cleavage) were observed in infected MM6 cells indicating that RRV can trigger apoptosis at late infection times. The long-term persistence of RRV genomic RNA in surviving MM6 cells identifies human monocytic cells as potential cellular reservoirs of viral material within the infected host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Krejbich-Trotot
- UM 134 Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR9192, IRD UMR249, Université de la Réunion, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, 97490 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France
| | - Essia Belarbi
- CEA, Division of Immuno-Virologie, Institute of Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies, INSERM, U1184, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; Pasteur Institute, Environment and Infectious Risks unit, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Miora Ralambondrainy
- UM 134 Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR9192, IRD UMR249, Université de la Réunion, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, 97490 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France
| | - Chaker El-Kalamouni
- UM 134 Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR9192, IRD UMR249, Université de la Réunion, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, 97490 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France
| | - Wildriss Viranaicken
- UM 134 Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR9192, IRD UMR249, Université de la Réunion, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, 97490 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France
| | - Pierre Roques
- CEA, Division of Immuno-Virologie, Institute of Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies, INSERM, U1184, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Philippe Desprès
- UM 134 Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR9192, IRD UMR249, Université de la Réunion, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, 97490 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France.
| | - Gilles Gadea
- UM 134 Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR9192, IRD UMR249, Université de la Réunion, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, 97490 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France.
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12
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Taylor A, Foo SS, Bruzzone R, Dinh LV, King NJC, Mahalingam S. Fc receptors in antibody-dependent enhancement of viral infections. Immunol Rev 2016; 268:340-64. [PMID: 26497532 PMCID: PMC7165974 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Sensitization of the humoral immune response to invading viruses and production of antiviral antibodies forms part of the host antiviral repertoire. Paradoxically, for a number of viral pathogens, under certain conditions, antibodies provide an attractive means of enhanced virus entry and replication in a number of cell types. Known as antibody‐dependent enhancement (ADE) of infection, the phenomenon occurs when virus‐antibody immunocomplexes interact with cells bearing complement or Fc receptors, promoting internalization of the virus and increasing infection. Frequently associated with exacerbation of viral disease, ADE of infection presents a major obstacle to the prevention of viral disease by vaccination and is thought to be partly responsible for the adverse effects of novel antiviral therapeutics such as intravenous immunoglobulins. There is a growing body of work examining the intracellular signaling pathways and epitopes responsible for mediating ADE, with a view to aiding rational design of antiviral strategies. With in vitro studies also confirming ADE as a feature of infection for a growing number of viruses, challenges remain in understanding the multilayered molecular mechanisms of ADE and its effect on viral pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Taylor
- Emerging Viruses and Inflammation Research Group, Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Qld, Australia
| | - Suan-Sin Foo
- Emerging Viruses and Inflammation Research Group, Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Qld, Australia
| | - Roberto Bruzzone
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong.,Department of Cell Biology and Infection, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Luan Vu Dinh
- Discipline of Pathology, Bosch Institute, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicholas J C King
- Discipline of Pathology, Bosch Institute, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Suresh Mahalingam
- Emerging Viruses and Inflammation Research Group, Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Qld, Australia
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13
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Adouchief S, Smura T, Sane J, Vapalahti O, Kurkela S. Sindbis virus as a human pathogen-epidemiology, clinical picture and pathogenesis. Rev Med Virol 2016; 26:221-41. [DOI: 10.1002/rmv.1876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Adouchief
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - Teemu Smura
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - Jussi Sane
- National institute for Health and Welfare (THL); Helsinki Finland
| | - Olli Vapalahti
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
- Department of Virology and Immunology, HUSLAB; Helsinki University Central Hospital; Helsinki Finland
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - Satu Kurkela
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
- Department of Virology and Immunology, HUSLAB; Helsinki University Central Hospital; Helsinki Finland
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14
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Schilte C, Staikovsky F, Couderc T, Madec Y, Carpentier F, Kassab S, Albert ML, Lecuit M, Michault A. Chikungunya virus-associated long-term arthralgia: a 36-month prospective longitudinal study. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2013; 7:e2137. [PMID: 23556021 PMCID: PMC3605278 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arthritogenic alphaviruses, including Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), are responsible for acute fever and arthralgia, but can also lead to chronic symptoms. In 2006, a Chikungunya outbreak occurred in La Réunion Island, during which we constituted a prospective cohort of viremic patients (n = 180) and defined the clinical and biological features of acute infection. Individuals were followed as part of a longitudinal study to investigate in details the long-term outcome of Chikungunya. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Patients were submitted to clinical investigations 4, 6, 14 and 36 months after presentation with acute CHIKV infection. At 36 months, 22 patients with arthralgia and 20 patients without arthralgia were randomly selected from the cohort and consented for blood sampling. During the 3 years following acute infection, 60% of patients had experienced symptoms of arthralgia, with most reporting episodic relapse and recovery periods. Long-term arthralgias were typically polyarthralgia (70%), that were usually symmetrical (90%) and highly incapacitating (77%). They were often associated with local swelling (63%), asthenia (77%) or depression (56%). The age over 35 years and the presence of arthralgia 4 months after the disease onset are risk factors of long-term arthralgia. Patients with long-term arthralgia did not display biological markers typically found in autoimmune or rheumatoid diseases. These data helped define the features of CHIKV-associated chronic arthralgia and permitted an estimation of the economic burden associated with arthralgia. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE This study demonstrates that chronic arthralgia is a frequent complication of acute Chikungunya disease and suggests that it results from a local rather than systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémentine Schilte
- Unité Immunobiologie des Cellules Dendritiques, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U818, Paris, France
| | - Frédérik Staikovsky
- Emergency Department, Pôle des Spécialités de l'Urgence, Centre Hospitalier Régional de La Réunion, Groupe Hospitalier Sud Réunion, Saint Pierre, La Réunion, France
| | - Thérèse Couderc
- Biology of Infection Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- INSERM U1117, Paris, France
| | - Yoann Madec
- Unité d'Epidémiologie des maladies émergentes, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Florence Carpentier
- AgroParisTech, Ecologie Adaptation et Interaction, Paris, France
- INRA, UR1290, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Somar Kassab
- Emergency Department, Pôle des Spécialités de l'Urgence, Centre Hospitalier Régional de La Réunion, Groupe Hospitalier Sud Réunion, Saint Pierre, La Réunion, France
| | - Matthew L. Albert
- Unité Immunobiologie des Cellules Dendritiques, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U818, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Marc Lecuit
- Biology of Infection Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- INSERM U1117, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Hôpital Necker Enfants malades, Paris, France
- * E-mail: (ML); (AM)
| | - Alain Michault
- Department of Microbiology, Pôle de biologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional de La Réunion, Groupe Hospitalier Sud Réunion, Saint Pierre, La Réunion, France
- * E-mail: (ML); (AM)
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15
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Abravanel F, Mansuy JM, Huynh A, Kamar N, Alric L, Peron JM, Récher C, Izopet J. Low risk of hepatitis E virus reactivation after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. J Clin Virol 2012; 54:152-5. [PMID: 22425538 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2012.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Revised: 02/04/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an emerging cause of acute hepatitis in industrialized countries. HEV infection can evolve to chronic hepatitis in immunocompromised patients. Additionally, HEV reactivation after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation has been reported. OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence of anti-HEV antibodies in patients who underwent haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in south-western France and the risk of HEV reactivation after transplantation. STUDY DESIGN We have investigated the prevalence of anti-HEV antibodies in 88 patients who underwent allogenic or autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation with two anti-HEV IgG assays and have evaluated the risk of HEV reactivation in pretransplant seropositive patients by testing for HEV RNA in blood samples collected after stem cell transplantation. RESULTS While only 11 patients (12.5%) tested positive for anti-HEV IgG with the Adaltis assay, 32 patients (36.4%) tested positive for anti-HEV IgG with the Wantai assay before transplantation. Three anti-HEV IgG positive patients were also anti-HEV IgM positive. Plasma HEV RNA was negative in all the patients before transplantation. We looked for HEV reactivation in pretransplant seropositive patients by testing 89 blood samples for HEV RNA 1, 3 and 6 months after transplantation. We detected no reactivation. Similarly, we detected no HEV RNA in pretransplant seronegative patients after transplantation. CONCLUSION Despite strong immunosuppression, the risk of HEV reactivation after stem cell transplantation appears to be very low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Abravanel
- INSERM, U1043, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Toulouse, F-31300 France.
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16
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Legrand-Abravanel F, Kamar N, Sandres-Saune K, Lhomme S, Mansuy JM, Muscari F, Sallusto F, Rostaing L, Izopet J. Hepatitis E virus infection without reactivation in solid-organ transplant recipients, France. Emerg Infect Dis 2011; 17:30-7. [PMID: 21192851 PMCID: PMC3298369 DOI: 10.3201/eid1701.100527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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17
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Identification and characterization of a ross river virus variant that grows persistently in macrophages, shows altered disease kinetics in a mouse model, and exhibits resistance to type I interferon. J Virol 2011; 85:5651-63. [PMID: 21430046 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01189-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alphaviruses, such as chikungunya virus, o'nyong-nyong virus, and Ross River virus (RRV), cause outbreaks of human rheumatic disease worldwide. RRV is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus endemic to Australia and Papua New Guinea. In this study, we sought to establish an in vitro model of RRV evolution in response to cellular antiviral defense mechanisms. RRV was able to establish persistent infection in activated macrophages, and a small-plaque variant (RRV(PERS)) was isolated after several weeks of culture. Nucleotide sequence analysis of RRV(PERS) found several nucleotide differences in the nonstructural protein (nsP) region of the RRV(PERS) genome. A point mutation was also detected in the E2 gene. Compared to the parent virus (RRV-T48), RRV(PERS) showed significantly enhanced resistance to beta interferon (IFN-β)-stimulated antiviral activity. RRV(PERS) infection of RAW 264.7 macrophages induced lower levels of IFN-β expression and production than infection with RRV-T48. RRV(PERS) was also able to inhibit type I IFN signaling. Mice infected with RRV(PERS) exhibited significantly enhanced disease severity and mortality compared to mice infected with RRV-T48. These results provide strong evidence that the cellular antiviral response can direct selective pressure for viral sequence evolution that impacts on virus fitness and sensitivity to alpha/beta IFN (IFN-α/β).
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18
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Interplay of acute and persistent infections caused by Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus encoding mutated capsid protein. J Virol 2010; 84:10004-15. [PMID: 20668087 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01151-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) is a significant human and animal pathogen. The highlight of VEEV replication in vitro, in cells of vertebrate origin, is the rapid development of cytopathic effect (CPE), which is strongly dependent upon the expression of viral capsid protein. Besides being an integral part of virions, the latter protein is capable of (i) binding both the nuclear import and nuclear export receptors, (ii) accumulating in the nuclear pore complexes, (iii) inhibiting nucleocytoplasmic trafficking, and (iv) inhibiting transcription of cellular ribosomal and messenger RNAs. Using our knowledge of the mechanism of VEEV capsid protein function in these processes, we designed VEEV variants containing combinations of mutations in the capsid-coding sequences. These mutations made VEEV dramatically less cytopathic but had no effect on infectious virus production. In cell lines that have defects in type I interferon (IFN) signaling, the capsid mutants demonstrated very efficient persistent replication. In other cells, which have no defects in IFN production or signaling, the same mutants were capable of inducing a long-term antiviral state, downregulating virus replication to an almost undetectable level. However, ultimately, these cells also developed a persistent infection, characterized by continuous virus replication and beta IFN (IFN-beta) release. The results of this study demonstrate that the long-term cellular antiviral state is determined by the synergistic effects of type I IFN signaling and the antiviral reaction induced by replicating viral RNA and/or the expression of VEEV-specific proteins. The designed mutants represent an important model for studying the mechanisms of cell interference with VEEV replication and development of persistent infection.
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19
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Innate immune responses and permissiveness to ranavirus infection of peritoneal leukocytes in the frog Xenopus laevis. J Virol 2010; 84:4912-22. [PMID: 20200236 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02486-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ranaviruses such as frog virus 3 ([FV3] family Iridoviridae) are increasingly prevalent pathogens that infect reptiles, amphibians, and fish worldwide. Whereas studies in the frog Xenopus laevis have revealed the critical involvement of CD8 T-cell and antibody responses in host resistance to FV3, little is known about the role played by innate immunity to infection with this virus. We have investigated the occurrence, composition, activation status, and permissiveness to infection of peritoneal leukocytes (PLs) in Xenopus adults during FV3 infection by microscopy, flow cytometry, and reverse transcription-PCR. The total number of PLs and the relative fraction of activated mononucleated macrophage-like cells significantly increase as early as 1 day postinfection (dpi), followed by NK cells at 3 dpi, before the peak of the T-cell response at 6 dpi. FV3 infection also induces a rapid upregulation of proinflammatory genes including arginase 1, interleukin-1beta, and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Although PLs are susceptible to FV3 infection, as evidenced by apoptotic cells, active FV3 transcription, and the detection of viral particles by electron microscopy, the infection is weaker (fewer infectious particles), more transitory, and involves a smaller fraction (less than 1%) of PLs than the kidney, the main site of infection. However, viral DNA remains detectable in PLs for at least 3 weeks postinfection, past the point of viral clearance observed in the kidneys. This suggests that although PLs are actively involved in anti-FV3 immune responses, some of these cells can be permissive and harbor quiescent, asymptomatic FV3.
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Labadie K, Larcher T, Joubert C, Mannioui A, Delache B, Brochard P, Guigand L, Dubreil L, Lebon P, Verrier B, de Lamballerie X, Suhrbier A, Cherel Y, Le Grand R, Roques P. Chikungunya disease in nonhuman primates involves long-term viral persistence in macrophages. J Clin Invest 2010; 120:894-906. [PMID: 20179353 DOI: 10.1172/jci40104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 397] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2009] [Accepted: 01/06/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne alphavirus that induces in humans a disease characterized by fever, rash, and pain in muscles and joints. The recent emergence or reemergence of CHIKV in the Indian Ocean Islands and India has stressed the need to better understand the pathogenesis of this disease. Previous CHIKV disease models have used young or immunodeficient mice, but these do not recapitulate human disease patterns and are unsuitable for testing immune-based therapies. Herein, we describe what we believe to be a new model for CHIKV infection in adult, immunocompetent cynomolgus macaques. CHIKV infection in these animals recapitulated the viral, clinical, and pathological features observed in human disease. In the macaques, long-term CHIKV infection was observed in joints, muscles, lymphoid organs, and liver, which could explain the long-lasting CHIKV disease symptoms observed in humans. In addition, the study identified macrophages as the main cellular reservoirs during the late stages of CHIKV infection in vivo. This model of CHIKV physiopathology should allow the development of new therapeutic and/or prophylactic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Labadie
- CEA, Division of Immuno-Virology/Institute of Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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21
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Graham DA, Fringuelli E, Wilson C, Rowley HM, Brown A, Rodger H, McLoughlin MF, McManus C, Casey E, McCarthy LJ, Ruane NM. Prospective longitudinal studies of salmonid alphavirus infections on two Atlantic salmon farms in Ireland; evidence for viral persistence. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2010; 33:123-135. [PMID: 19732268 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2009.01096.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Prospective longitudinal studies of two outbreaks of pancreas disease in Atlantic salmon (AS), Salmo salar L., in Ireland were conducted. Both outbreaks occurred during the marine phase of production, with one caused by salmonid alphavirus subtype 1 (SAV1) and the other by SAV4. In addition to screening a range of tissues by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RRT-PCR), virological, serological and histopathological examinations were performed along with partial genome sequencing and results were related to environmental and production data and farm history. On Farm 1 (marine sampling only), infection was detected within 3 weeks of smolts being placed on the farm, while on Farm 2 (freshwater and marine sampling), infection was first detected 315 days after transfer to sea. In both outbreaks, RRT-PCR signals were detected in a range of tissues including gill, heart, kidney, pancreas/pyloric caeca, brain and serum. Persistence of signal was longest in gill and heart (> or =265 days on both farms) and shortest in serum. Mortalities on the two farms varied from 10.9% to 30%. In both cases, partial genome sequence of the causative viruses were identical to SAV strains detected in previous populations of AS on each of the study farms, including populations with which the study populations overlapped in time and space.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Graham
- Department of Veterinary Science, Queen's University of Belfast, Stormont, UK.
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Graham DA, Wilson C, Jewhurst H, Rowley H. Cultural characteristics of salmonid alphaviruses--influence of cell line and temperature. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2008; 31:859-868. [PMID: 19238759 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2008.00946.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Laboratory studies were carried out to investigate the cultural characteristics of salmonid alphaviruses (SAV) from Atlantic salmon (AS, Salmo salar) and rainbow trout (RT, Oncorhynchus mykiss), particularly in relation to cell line and temperature. In an initial study, SAV was isolated from 12 viraemic sera and passaged in Chinook salmon embryo (CHSE-214) cells at 15 degrees C. Geometric mean titres (GMT) after initial isolation were found to be significantly higher (P < 0.05) relative to those after two or four passages. Primary isolation of SAV was conducted from 12 viraemic sera (six AS and six RT) in seven different cell lines at 15 degrees C: CHSE-214, rainbow trout gonad (RTG-2), TO (derived from Atlantic salmon head kidney leucocytes), salmon head kidney (SHK-1), blue fin-2 (BF-2), fat head minnow (FHM) and Epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC). Overall, significant differences were found between cell lines in both the numbers of strains where growth was detected and in the GMT obtained. For both AS and RT strains, GMT values were significantly (P < 0.01) higher in both TO and BF-2 cells relative to the others, including CHSE-214 and RTG-2, the cell lines conventionally used for SAV. The effects of temperature of incubation (4, 10, 15 and 20 degrees C) on growth in TO, CHSE-214 and RTG-2 were investigated. In TO and RTG-2 growth was optimal at 15 degrees C, whereas in CHSE-214 results at 10 and 15 degrees C were more similar. Little or no growth was detected at 4 or 20 degrees C.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Graham
- Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-food and Biosciences Institute, Stormont, Belfast, UK.
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Srivastava U, Nelson M, Su YC, Mahalingam S. Mechanisms of Chikungunya virus disease informed by Ross River virus research. Future Virol 2008. [DOI: 10.2217/17460794.3.6.509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Umang Srivastava
- Virus & Inflammation Research Group, Centre for Biomolecular & Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Applied Science, University of Canberra, Canberra, 2601, Australia
| | - Michelle Nelson
- Virus & Inflammation Research Group, Centre for Biomolecular & Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Applied Science, University of Canberra, Canberra, 2601, Australia
| | - Yung-Chang Su
- Virus & Inflammation Research Group, Centre for Biomolecular & Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Applied Science, University of Canberra, Canberra, 2601, Australia
| | - Suresh Mahalingam
- Faculty of Applied Science, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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Lidbury BA, Rulli NE, Suhrbier A, Smith PN, McColl SR, Cunningham AL, Tarkowski A, van Rooijen N, Fraser RJ, Mahalingam S. Macrophage-derived proinflammatory factors contribute to the development of arthritis and myositis after infection with an arthrogenic alphavirus. J Infect Dis 2008; 197:1585-93. [PMID: 18433328 DOI: 10.1086/587841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Alphaviruses, such as chikungunya virus and Ross River virus (RRV), are associated with outbreaks of infectious rheumatic disease in humans worldwide. Using an established mouse model of disease that mimics RRV disease in humans, we showed that macrophage-derived factors are critical in the development of striated muscle and joint tissue damage. Histologic analyses of muscle and ankle joint tissues demonstrated a substantial reduction in inflammatory infiltrates in infected mice depleted of macrophages (i.e., "macrophage-depleted mice"). Levels of the proinflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-gamma, and macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 were also dramatically reduced in tissue samples obtained from infected macrophage-depleted mice, compared with samples obtained from infected mice without macrophage depletion. These factors were also detected in the synovial fluid of patients with RRV-induced polyarthritis. Neutralization of these factors reduced the severity of disease in mice, whereas blocking nuclear factor kappaB by treatment with sulfasalazine ameliorated RRV inflammatory disease and tissue damage. To our knowledge, these findings are the first to demonstrate that macrophage-derived products play important roles in the development of arthritis and myositis triggered by alphavirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett A Lidbury
- Virus and Inflammation Research Group, Faculty of Sciences, University of Canberra, Australia
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Sourisseau M, Schilte C, Casartelli N, Trouillet C, Guivel-Benhassine F, Rudnicka D, Sol-Foulon N, Roux KL, Prevost MC, Fsihi H, Frenkiel MP, Blanchet F, Afonso PV, Ceccaldi PE, Ozden S, Gessain A, Schuffenecker I, Verhasselt B, Zamborlini A, Saïb A, Rey FA, Arenzana-Seisdedos F, Desprès P, Michault A, Albert ML, Schwartz O. Characterization of reemerging chikungunya virus. PLoS Pathog 2007; 3:e89. [PMID: 17604450 PMCID: PMC1904475 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.0030089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2007] [Accepted: 05/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An unprecedented epidemic of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection recently started in countries of the Indian Ocean area, causing an acute and painful syndrome with strong fever, asthenia, skin rash, polyarthritis, and lethal cases of encephalitis. The basis for chikungunya disease and the tropism of CHIKV remain unknown. Here, we describe the replication characteristics of recent clinical CHIKV strains. Human epithelial and endothelial cells, primary fibroblasts and, to a lesser extent, monocyte-derived macrophages, were susceptible to infection and allowed viral production. In contrast, CHIKV did not replicate in lymphoid and monocytoid cell lines, primary lymphocytes and monocytes, or monocyte-derived dendritic cells. CHIKV replication was cytopathic and associated with an induction of apoptosis in infected cells. Chloroquine, bafilomycin-A1, and short hairpin RNAs against dynamin-2 inhibited viral production, indicating that viral entry occurs through pH-dependent endocytosis. CHIKV was highly sensitive to the antiviral activity of type I and II interferons. These results provide a general insight into the interaction between CHIKV and its mammalian host. Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a reemerging alphavirus responsible for an unprecedented epidemic in countries of the Indian Ocean region, causing an acute and painful syndrome with strong fever, asthenia, skin rash, polyarthritis, and lethal cases of encephalitis. The most recent epidemic reemergences were documented in Kinshasa, (50,000 estimated cases in 1999–2000), in Indonesia (2001–2003), the Indian Ocean islands of Mayotte, Mauritius, Réunion, and the Seychelles (270,000 cases in 2005–2006 in La Réunion island), and in India (1.4 to 6.5 million estimated cases in 2006–2007). There is a critical lack of knowledge on the biology of CHIKV. In particular, virtually nothing is known about the interaction of CHIKV (and of most alpahaviruses) with human primary cells. We have studied the replication characteristics and the tropism of clinical CHIKV strains from La Réunion. We designed various assays and reagents to follow viral replication, and we report here that adherent cells (epithelial and endothelial cells, primary fibroblasts), as well as macrophages, are sensitive to infection. In contrast, blood cells did not allow viral replication. We also characterized viral entry pathways and sensitivity to interferons. These results provide a general insight into the interaction between CHIKV and its mammalian host. This paper is the result of a collaborative effort between numerous teams from Institut Pasteur, the Groupe Hospitalier Sud Réunion, and other institutions. Our aim was to establish a task force with multiple and complementary expertise on virology, immunology, and cell biology in order to characterize this enigmatic virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Sourisseau
- Department of Virology, Unité Virus et Immunité, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS URA 3015, Paris, France
| | - Clémentine Schilte
- Department of Immunology, Groupe Immunobiologie des Cellules Dendritiques, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- INSERM U818, Paris, France
| | - Nicoletta Casartelli
- Department of Virology, Unité Virus et Immunité, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS URA 3015, Paris, France
| | - Céline Trouillet
- Department of Virology, Unité Virus et Immunité, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS URA 3015, Paris, France
| | - Florence Guivel-Benhassine
- Department of Virology, Unité Virus et Immunité, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS URA 3015, Paris, France
| | - Dominika Rudnicka
- Department of Virology, Unité Virus et Immunité, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS URA 3015, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Sol-Foulon
- Department of Virology, Unité Virus et Immunité, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS URA 3015, Paris, France
| | - Karin Le Roux
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Groupe Hospitalier Sud Réunion, Ile de la Réunion, France
| | - Marie-Christine Prevost
- Département de Biologie Cellulaire et Infection, Plateforme de Microscopie Électronique, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Hafida Fsihi
- Département Infection et Epidémiologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Pascale Frenkiel
- Department of Virology, Unité Interactions Moléculaires Flavivirus-Hôtes, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Fabien Blanchet
- Department of Virology, Unité Virus et Immunité, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS URA 3015, Paris, France
| | - Philippe V Afonso
- CNRS URA 3015, Paris, France
- Department of Virology, Unité d'Épidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Ceccaldi
- CNRS URA 3015, Paris, France
- Department of Virology, Unité d'Épidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Simona Ozden
- CNRS URA 3015, Paris, France
- Department of Virology, Unité d'Épidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Gessain
- CNRS URA 3015, Paris, France
- Department of Virology, Unité d'Épidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Felix A Rey
- CNRS URA 3015, Paris, France
- Department of Virology, Unité de Virologie Structurale, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Fernando Arenzana-Seisdedos
- CNRS URA 3015, Paris, France
- Department of Virology, Laboratoire de Pathogénie Virale Moléculaire, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Desprès
- Department of Virology, Unité Interactions Moléculaires Flavivirus-Hôtes, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Alain Michault
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Groupe Hospitalier Sud Réunion, Ile de la Réunion, France
| | - Matthew L Albert
- Department of Immunology, Groupe Immunobiologie des Cellules Dendritiques, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- INSERM U818, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Schwartz
- Department of Virology, Unité Virus et Immunité, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS URA 3015, Paris, France
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Khatri M, Sharma JM. Modulation of macrophages by infectious bursal disease virus. Cytogenet Genome Res 2007; 117:388-93. [PMID: 17675882 DOI: 10.1159/000103202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2006] [Accepted: 10/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease is one of the most important naturally occurring viral diseases of chickens worldwide. The causative agent, infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), belongs to the family Birnaviridae. This virus causes an acute, highly contagious and immunosuppressive disease in chickens. The virus infects and destroys actively dividing IgM-bearing B cells. Although B cells are the principal targets for IBDV, recent data show that the virus also infects macrophages. IBDV-infected macrophages produce various cytokines and chemokines which may play an important role in the protection and/or pathogenesis of IBDV. In this review, the modulatory effects of IBDV on macrophages will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Khatri
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
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Rulli NE, Melton J, Wilmes A, Ewart G, Mahalingam S. The molecular and cellular aspects of arthritis due to alphavirus infections: lesson learned from Ross River virus. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007; 1102:96-108. [PMID: 17470914 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1408.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alphaviruses such as the Sindbis-group viruses, Scandinavian Ockelbo virus, the African Asian chikungunya virus, the African O'nyong-nyong virus, the South American Mayaro virus, and the Australasian Barmah Forest and Ross River viruses, are commonly associated with outbreaks of acute and persistent arthritis and arthralgia in humans. The mechanisms by which these viruses cause arthritis/arthralgia are poorly understood. This chapter summarizes our current understanding of viral arthritides using our newly developed mouse model of Ross River virus-induced joint and muscle inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nestor E Rulli
- Centre for Virus Research, School of Health Sciences, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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Franssila R, Hedman K. Infection and musculoskeletal conditions: Viral causes of arthritis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2007; 20:1139-57. [PMID: 17127201 DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2006.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Several viruses cause postinfectious arthritis. The disease is a typical manifestation of arthritogenic alphaviruses, rubella virus and human parvovirus B19. In addition, arthritis is not uncommon after infection by HIV, cytomegalovirus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, or Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Also prolonged arthritis may result from viral infections, particularly with alphaviruses and human parvovirus B19. Viruses such as EBV and B19 may have significant roles in initiating chronic arthropathies, which in some cases may be indistinguishable from rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rauli Franssila
- Department of Virology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki and HUCH Laboratory Division, Haartmaninkatu 3, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland.
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Rulli NE, Suhrbier A, Hueston L, Heise MT, Tupanceska D, Zaid A, Wilmes A, Gilmore K, Lidbury BA, Mahalingam S. Ross River virus: Molecular and cellular aspects of disease pathogenesis. Pharmacol Ther 2005; 107:329-42. [PMID: 15923040 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2005.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ross River virus (RRV) is a mosquito-borne alphavirus indigenous to Australia and the Western Pacific region and is responsible for several thousand cases of human RRV disease (RRVD) per annum. The disease primarily involves polyarthritis/arthralgia, with many patients also presenting with rash, myalgia, fever, and/or lethargy. The symptoms can be debilitating at onset, but they usually resolve within 3-6 months. Recent insights into the RRV-host relationship, associated pathology, and molecular biology of infection have generated a number of potential avenues for improved treatment. Although vaccine development has been proposed, the small market size and potential for antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of disease make this approach unattractive. Recent insights into the molecular basis of RRV-ADE and the virus's ability to manipulate host inflammatory and immune responses create potential new opportunities for therapeutic invention. Such interventions should overcome virus-induced dysregulation of protective host responses to promote viral clearance and/or ameliorate inflammatory immunopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nestor E Rulli
- School of Health Sciences, University of Canberra, Kirinari Street, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
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Tseng CTK, Perrone LA, Zhu H, Makino S, Peters CJ. Severe acute respiratory syndrome and the innate immune responses: modulation of effector cell function without productive infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2005; 174:7977-85. [PMID: 15944304 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.174.12.7977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) caused by a novel human coronavirus (CoV), designated SARS-CoV, is a highly contagious respiratory disease with the lungs as a major target. Although the exact mechanism of SARS-CoV pathogenesis remains unknown, an intense, ill-regulated local inflammatory response has been suggested as partially responsible for the devastating lung pathology. We investigated the interaction of SARS-CoV with human macrophages (Mphi) and dendritic cells (DC), two key innate immune cells of the host immune system, by focusing on their susceptibility to viral infection and subsequent responses (e.g., phenotypic maturation, T cell-priming activity, phagocytosis, and cytokine production). We found neither cell to be permissive for SARS-CoV replication. However, incubation of Mphi and DC with live, but not gamma irradiation-inactivated, viruses appeared to better sustain their viability. Also, exposure to infectious SARS-CoV led to the phenotypic and functional maturation of DC, with regard to MHC class II and costimulatory molecule expression, T cell-stimulatory capacity, and cytokine production, respectively. Cytokine production was also observed for Mphi, which were refractory to cell surface phenotypic changes. Strikingly, live SARS-CoV could further prime cell types to respond to a suboptimal dose of bacterial LPS (100 ng/ml), resulting in massive release of IL-6 and IL-12. However, the endocytic capacity (e.g., Ag capture) of Mphi was significantly compromised upon exposure to infectious SARS-CoV. This study is the first demonstration that although SARS-CoV does not productively infect human Mphi or DC, it appears to exert differential effects on Mphi and DC maturation and functions, which might contribute to SARS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Te K Tseng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
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La Linn M, Eble JA, Lübken C, Slade RW, Heino J, Davies J, Suhrbier A. An arthritogenic alphavirus uses the α1β1 integrin collagen receptor. Virology 2005; 336:229-39. [PMID: 15892964 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2005.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2004] [Revised: 01/03/2005] [Accepted: 03/15/2005] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Ross River (RR) virus is an alphavirus endemic to Australia and New Guinea and is the aetiological agent of epidemic polyarthritis or RR virus disease. Here we provide evidence that RR virus uses the collagen-binding alpha1beta1 integrin as a cellular receptor. Infection could be inhibited by collagen IV and antibodies specific for the beta1 and alpha1 integrin proteins, and fibroblasts from alpha1-integrin-/- mice were less efficiently infected than wild-type fibroblasts. Soluble alpha1beta1 integrin bound immobilized RR virus, and peptides representing the alpha1beta1 integrin binding-site on collagen IV inhibited virus binding to cells. We speculate that two highly conserved regions within the cell-receptor binding domain of E2 mimic collagen and provide access to cellular collagen-binding receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- May La Linn
- The Australian Centre for International and Tropical Health and Nutrition, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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32
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Suhrbier A, La Linn M. Clinical and pathologic aspects of arthritis due to Ross River virus and other alphaviruses. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2004; 16:374-9. [PMID: 15201600 DOI: 10.1097/01.bor.0000130537.76808.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Arthritogenic alphaviruses are globally distributed mosquito-borne RNA viruses causing epidemics of polyarthritis/arthralgia, with disease emerging or reemerging and increasingly being reported in travelers. This article summarizes the current knowledge of these diseases, focusing on recent developments in the understanding of Ross River virus disease. RECENT FINDINGS Alphaviral arthritides have often been blamed for protracted chronic illnesses. However, validated quality-of-life questionnaires and exhaustive searches for differential diagnoses showed that Ross River virus disease, although severe at onset, progressively resolved over 3 to 6 months. Many patients did experience long-term disease lasting more than 12 months, but in nearly all cases this was due to other conditions, primarily unrelated rheumatic conditions or depression. There is no indication that alphaviral arthritides predispose to other conditions; thus, patients whose Ross River virus disease has actually resolved may be underdiagnosed for other conditions. Ross River virus polyarthritis probably arises from inflammation associated with productive viral infections in synovial macrophages, which persist despite neutralizing antibodies and antiviral cytokine responses. Persistence may be facilitated by downregulation of cytokine responses by virus-antibody complexes binding to Fc receptors and induction of interleukin-10. How virus escapes neutralizing antibodies remains unclear but may involve phagocytosis of apoptotic virus-infected cells and infection of the phagocyte via the phagosome. SUMMARY Diagnosis of alphaviral arthritides is complicated by nonspecific symptoms and the lack of commercial serodiagnostic kits, except for Ross River and Barmah Forest virus infections in Australia. Differential diagnoses should be actively pursued, especially if symptoms persist. Treatment with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs appears largely effective, with no evidence of long-term sequelae or relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Suhrbier
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Australian Centre for International & Tropical Health & Nutrition, Brisbane, Australia.
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