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Sartawi Z, Blackshields C, Ariamanesh A, Farag FF, Griffin B, Crean A, Devine K, Elkhashab M, Aldejohann AM, Kurzai O, Faisal W. Glass Microneedles: A Case Study for Regulatory Approval Using a Quality by Design Approach. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2305834. [PMID: 37950607 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a roadmap is provided for the regulatory approval of one of the exciting and dynamic drug delivery fields, microneedles, by using a Quality by Design approach to pharmaceutical product development. In this regard, a quality target product profile (QTPP) and the critical quality attributes (CQA) of microneedles are identified. A case study of the recently patented method of fabricating glass microneedles entirely from a therapeutic agent, thus eliminating the requirement for additional excipients is discussed. The glass microneedle, ArrayPatch, is a propriety wearable device with platform potential consisting of an array of sharp, but painless, dissolvable microneedles manufactured with 100% drug. The microneedles penetrate the skin on application and dissolve to deliver a locally effective dose. The in vitro characterization of the microneedle CQAs under WHO-guided stability conditions will be described to assess the manufacturing readiness of ArrayPatch. A live technical video is also provided, presenting a unique procedure of jugular vein cannulation through the ear vein of a pig animal model to study the in vivo pharmacokinetics of ArrayPatch compared to standard-of-care marketed products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziad Sartawi
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, T12 K8AF, Ireland
| | | | - Arefe Ariamanesh
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, T12 K8AF, Ireland
| | - Fatma Fawzy Farag
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, T12 K8AF, Ireland
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt
| | - Brendan Griffin
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, T12 K8AF, Ireland
| | - Abina Crean
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, T12 K8AF, Ireland
| | - Ken Devine
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, T12 K8AF, Ireland
| | - Mohamed Elkhashab
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, T12 K8AF, Ireland
| | - Alexander Maximilian Aldejohann
- Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Wuerzburg, 97080, Wuerzburg, Germany
- National Reference Center for Invasive Fungal Infections, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knoell Institute, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Oliver Kurzai
- National Reference Center for Invasive Fungal Infections, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knoell Institute, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Waleed Faisal
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, T12 K8AF, Ireland
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Jun YJ, Park JH, Avaji PG, Park KS, Lee KE, Lee HJ, Sohn YS. Design of theranostic nanomedicine (II): synthesis and physicochemical properties of a biocompatible polyphosphazene-docetaxel conjugate. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:5373-5386. [PMID: 28794629 PMCID: PMC5538706 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s140073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
To prepare an efficient theranostic polyphosphazene–docetaxel (DTX) conjugate, a new drug delivery system was designed by grafting a multifunctional lysine ethylester (LysOEt) as a spacer group along with methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (MPEG) to the polyphosphazene backbone ([NP]n), and then DTX was conjugated to the carrier polymer using acid-cleavable cis-aconitic acid (AA) as a linker. The resultant polyphosphazene–DTX conjugate, formulated as [NP(MPEG550)3(Lys-OEt)(AA)(DTX)]n and named “Polytaxel”, exhibited high water solubility and stability by forming stable polymeric micelles as shown in its transmission electron microscopy image and dynamic light scattering measurements. Another important aspect of Polytaxel is that it can easily be labeled with various imaging agents using the lysine amino group, enabling studies on various aspects, such as its organ distribution, tumor-targeting properties, pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and excretion. The pharmacokinetics of Polytaxel was remarkably improved, with prolonged elimination half-life and enhanced area under the curve. Ex vivo imaging study of cyanine dye-labeled Polytaxel showed that intravenously injected Polytaxel is long circulating in the blood stream and selectively accumulates in tumor tissues. Polytaxel distributed in other organs was cleared from all major organs at ~6 weeks after injection. The in vitro study of DTX release from the carrier polymer showed that >95% of conjugated DTX was released at pH 5.4 over a period of 7 days. Xenograft trials of Polytaxel using nude mice against the human gastric tumor cell line MKN-28 showed complete tumor regression, with low systemic toxicity. Polytaxel is currently in preclinical study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Joo Jun
- C & Pharm, Ewha Womans University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Park
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Prakash G Avaji
- C & Pharm, Ewha Womans University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Su Park
- Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Eun Lee
- Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Jeong Lee
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Soo Sohn
- C & Pharm, Ewha Womans University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Avaji PG, Park JH, Lee HJ, Jun YJ, Park KS, Lee KE, Choi SJ, Lee HJ, Sohn YS. Design of a novel theranostic nanomedicine: synthesis and physicochemical properties of a biocompatible polyphosphazene-platinum(II) conjugate. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:837-51. [PMID: 27042052 PMCID: PMC4780734 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s99917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To develop a theranostic nanomedicine involving the antitumor-active moiety (dach)Pt(II) (dach: trans-(±)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane) of oxaliplatin (OX), a new biocompatible polyphosphazene carrier polymer was designed by grafting with a methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (MPEG) to increase duration of circulation in the blood and with aminoethanol (AE) as a spacer group. The antitumor (dach)Pt moiety was conjugated to the carrier polymer using cis-aconitic acid (AA) as a linker, resulting in a polymer conjugate formulated as [NP(MPEG550)(AE-AA)Pt(dach)]n, named “Polyplatin” (PP). PP was found to self-assemble into very stable polymeric nanoparticles with a mean diameter of 55.1 nm and a critical aggregation concentration of 18.5 mg/L in saline. PP could easily be labeled with a fluorescence dye such as Cy5.5 for imaging studies. The time-dependent ex vivo image studies on organ distributions and clearance of Cy-labeled PP have shown that PP accumulated in the tumor with high selectivity by the enhanced permeability and retention effect but was cleared out from all the major organs including the liver in about 4 weeks postinjection. Another time-dependent bioimaging study on distribution and clearance of PP in mouse kidney using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy has shown that PP accumulates much less in kidney and is more rapidly excreted than monomeric OX, which is in accord with the very low acute toxicity of PP as shown by its high LD50 value of more than 2000 mg/kg. The pharmacokinetic study of PP has shown that it has a much longer half-life (t1/2β) of 13.3 hours compared with the 5.21 hours of OX and about a 20 times higher area under the curve value of 42,850.8 ng h/mL compared with the 2,320.4 ng h/mL of OX. The nude mouse xenograft trials of PP against the gastric MKN-28 tumor cell line exhibited remarkably better tumor efficacy compared with OX at the higher tolerated dose, with lower systemic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash G Avaji
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; C & Pharm, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Park
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jeong Lee
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Joo Jun
- C & Pharm, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Su Park
- Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Eun Lee
- Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Choi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Jeong Lee
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Soo Sohn
- C & Pharm, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Newman A, Knipp G, Zografi G. Assessing the performance of amorphous solid dispersions. J Pharm Sci 2012; 101:1355-77. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.23031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Revised: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Volkov NA, Vorontsov-Velyaminov PN, Lyubartsev AP. Two-Dimensional Wang-Landau Algorithm for Osmotic Pressure Calculations in a Polyelectrolyte-Membrane System. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.201100015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Antonenko YN, Perevoshchikova IV, Davydova LI, Agapov IA, Bogush VG. Interaction of recombinant analogs of spider silk proteins 1F9 and 2E12 with phospholipid membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2010; 1798:1172-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2010.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2009] [Revised: 03/01/2010] [Accepted: 03/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Garnacho C, Albelda SM, Muzykantov VR, Muro S. Differential intra-endothelial delivery of polymer nanocarriers targeted to distinct PECAM-1 epitopes. J Control Release 2008; 130:226-33. [PMID: 18606202 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2008.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2008] [Revised: 05/18/2008] [Accepted: 06/05/2008] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Coupling drug carriers to antibodies for targeting endothelial cells (ECs) may improve treatment of vascular and pulmonary diseases. Selecting antibodies that deliver carriers to the cell surface or intracellularly may further optimize specificity of interventions. We studied antibody-directed targeting of nanocarriers to platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM)-1, an endothelial glycoprotein containing 6 Ig-like extracellular domains. PECAM-1 antibodies bind to ECs without internalization, but ECs internalize by endocytosis nanocarriers carrying multiple copies of anti-PECAM (anti-PECAM/NCs). To determine whether binding and intracellular transport of anti-PECAM/NCs depend on the epitope engaged, we targeted five PECAM-1 epitopes: mAb35, mAb37 and mAb62 (membrane-distal Ig domain 1), mAbGi34 (Ig domains 2/3), and mAb4G6 (membrane-proximal Ig domain 6). The antibodies bound to ECs regardless of the epitope proximity to the plasmalemma, whereas 130 nm diameter nanocarriers only targeted effectively distal domains (mAb4G6/NCs did not bind to ECs). ECs internalized mAb35, mAb62, and mAbGi34 carriers regardless of their size (0.13 to 5 microm diameter), yet they did not internalize mAb37/NCs. After internalization, mAb62/NCs trafficked to lysosomes within 2-3 h, whereas mAb35/NCs had prolonged residence in pre-lysosomal vesicles. Therefore, endothelial binding, endocytosis, and intracellular transport of anti-PECAM/NCs are epitope-specific. This paradigm will guide the design of endothelial drug delivery systems providing specific cellular localizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Garnacho
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania Medical School, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Abstract
Biopolymer therapeutics are likely to be the next generation of medicines, and nucleic acids are among the most important of these potential drugs. The challenges of delivering genes are formidable and advanced biomimetic materials are expected to be required. Polymers that can respond to changes in temperature and pH are good candidates for gene delivery vehicles, as the stimulus response can be used to alter their interactions with the drug payload. In this review, the chemistries underlying these responsive polymers are considered, and the possible mechanisms by which nucleic acids, primarily DNA, can be protected during transit and released at target sites are outlined. Sophisticated multicomponent polymers are being developed, with functionalities designed to overcome the barriers to gene delivery at both the systemic and local level; key examples are highlighted. The extension of these materials to yet more advanced therapies, such as cell delivery and regenerative medicine, is outlined as an emerging technology for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Alexander
- The School of Pharmacy, Boots Science Building, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
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Kamada H, Tsutsumi Y, Yoshioka Y, Yamamoto Y, Kodaira H, Tsunoda SI, Okamoto T, Mukai Y, Shibata H, Nakagawa S, Mayumi T. Design of a pH-Sensitive Polymeric Carrier for Drug Release and Its Application in Cancer Therapy. Clin Cancer Res 2004; 10:2545-50. [PMID: 15073135 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-03-0544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In this study, to optimize the polymeric drug delivery system for cancer chemotherapy, we developed a new pH-sensitive polymeric carrier, poly(vinylpyrrolidone-co-dimethylmaleic anhydride) [PVD], that could gradually release native form of drugs with full activity, from the conjugates in response to changes in pH. We examined the usefulness of PVD as a polymeric drug carrier. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN PVD was radically synthesized with vinylpyrrolidone and 2,3-dimethylmaleic anhydride, which is known to be a pH-reversible amino-protecting reagent. Conjugates between PVD and other drugs, such as Adriamycin (ADR), were prepared under the slightly basic conditions (pH 8.5). The drug-release pattern and the antitumor activity of PVD were examined. RESULTS At pH 8.5, the release of the drugs from the conjugate was not observed. In contrast, PVD could release fully active drugs in the native form in response to the change in pH near neutrality, and gradually released drugs at neutral pH (7.0) and slightly acidic pH (6.0). The drug-release pattern in serum was almost similar to that observed during these physiological conditions. The PVD-conjugated ADR showed superior antitumor activity against sarcoma-180 solid tumor in mice, and it had less toxic side effects than free ADR. This enhancement in the antitumor therapeutic window may be due to not only the improvement of plasma half-lives and tumor accumulation of ADR, but also its controlled and sustained release from the conjugates in vivo. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that PVD is an effective polymeric carrier for optimizing cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruhiko Kamada
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Neurath AR, Strick N, Li YY. Water dispersible microbicidal cellulose acetate phthalate film. BMC Infect Dis 2003; 3:27. [PMID: 14617380 PMCID: PMC293437 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-3-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2003] [Accepted: 11/14/2003] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP) has been used for several decades in the pharmaceutical industry for enteric film coating of oral tablets and capsules. Micronized CAP, available commercially as "Aquateric" and containing additional ingredients required for micronization, used for tablet coating from water dispersions, was shown to adsorb and inactivate the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1), herpesviruses (HSV) and other sexually transmitted disease (STD) pathogens. Earlier studies indicate that a gel formulation of micronized CAP has a potential as a topical microbicide for prevention of STDs including the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The objective of endeavors described here was to develop a water dispersible CAP film amenable to inexpensive industrial mass production. Methods CAP and hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) were dissolved in different organic solvent mixtures, poured into dishes, and the solvents evaporated. Graded quantities of a resulting selected film were mixed for 5 min at 37°C with HIV-1, HSV and other STD pathogens, respectively. Residual infectivity of the treated viruses and bacteria was determined. Results The prerequisites for producing CAP films which are soft, flexible and dispersible in water, resulting in smooth gels, are combining CAP with HPC (other cellulose derivatives are unsuitable), and casting from organic solvent mixtures containing ≈50 to ≈65% ethanol (EtOH). The films are ≈100 µ thick and have a textured surface with alternating protrusions and depressions revealed by scanning electron microscopy. The films, before complete conversion into a gel, rapidly inactivated HIV-1 and HSV and reduced the infectivity of non-viral STD pathogens >1,000-fold. Conclusions Soft pliable CAP-HPC composite films can be generated by casting from organic solvent mixtures containing EtOH. The films rapidly reduce the infectivity of several STD pathogens, including HIV-1. They are converted into gels and thus do not have to be removed following application and use. In addition to their potential as topical microbicides, the films have promise for mucosal delivery of pharmaceuticals other than CAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Robert Neurath
- Biochemical Virology Laboratory, The Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute of the New York Blood Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Nathan Strick
- Biochemical Virology Laboratory, The Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute of the New York Blood Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Yun-Yao Li
- Biochemical Virology Laboratory, The Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute of the New York Blood Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
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