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Guo Y, Dong Y, Zheng R, Yan J, Li W, Xu Y, Yan X, Ke Y, Li Y, Xiang L. Correlation between viral infections in male semen and infertility: a literature review. Virol J 2024; 21:167. [PMID: 39080728 PMCID: PMC11290048 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-024-02431-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Infertility affects approximately one-sixth of couples globally, with the incidence of male infertility steadily increasing. However, our understanding of the impact of viral infections on fertility remains limited. This review consolidates findings from previous studies, outlining 40 viruses identified in human semen and summarizing their key characteristics, modes of transmission, and their effects on both the reproductive and endocrine systems. Furthermore, it elucidates potential pathogenic mechanisms and treatment prospects of viruses strongly associated with male infertility. This synthesis will enhance our comprehension of how viral infections influence male reproductive health, offering valuable insights for future research as well as the diagnosis and treatment of infectious infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Guo
- Department of Reproductive Gynecology, NHC Key Laboratory of Healthy Birth and Birth Defect Prevention in Western China, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yunhua Dong
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Healthy Birth and Birth Defect Prevention in Western China, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- KUST-YPFPH Reproductive Medicine Joint Research Center, Medical school of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Runzi Zheng
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Healthy Birth and Birth Defect Prevention in Western China, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- KUST-YPFPH Reproductive Medicine Joint Research Center, Medical school of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiacong Yan
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Healthy Birth and Birth Defect Prevention in Western China, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- KUST-YPFPH Reproductive Medicine Joint Research Center, Medical school of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Weiyuan Li
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Healthy Birth and Birth Defect Prevention in Western China, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- KUST-YPFPH Reproductive Medicine Joint Research Center, Medical school of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ya Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xuelan Yan
- Department of Reproductive Gynecology, NHC Key Laboratory of Healthy Birth and Birth Defect Prevention in Western China, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yunmei Ke
- Department of Reproductive Gynecology, NHC Key Laboratory of Healthy Birth and Birth Defect Prevention in Western China, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yantao Li
- Department of Reproductive Gynecology, NHC Key Laboratory of Healthy Birth and Birth Defect Prevention in Western China, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Lifeng Xiang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Healthy Birth and Birth Defect Prevention in Western China, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
- KUST-YPFPH Reproductive Medicine Joint Research Center, Medical school of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
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Yao X, Xu Z, Duan C, Zhang Y, Wu X, Wu H, Liu K, Mao X, Li B, Gao Y, Xu H, Wang X. Role of human papillomavirus and associated viruses in bladder cancer: An updated review. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29088. [PMID: 37706751 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is a complex disease affecting the urinary system and is regulated by several carcinogenic factors. Viral infection is one such factor that has attracted extensive attention in BC. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection, and although multiple researchers have explored the role of HPV in BC, a consensus has not yet been reached. In addition, HPV-associated viruses (e.g., human immunodeficiency virus, herpes simplex virus, BK virus, and JC virus) appear to be responsible for the occurrence and progression of BC. This study systematically reviews the relationship between HPV-associated viruses and BC to elucidate the role of these viruses in the onset and progression of BC. In addition, the study aims to provide a greater insight into the biology of HPV-associated viruses, and assess potential strategies for treating virus-induced BC. The study additionally focuses on the rapid development of oncolytic viruses that provide a potentially novel option for the treatment of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Yao
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenzhen Xu
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Duan
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yangjun Zhang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoliang Wu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huahui Wu
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiongmin Mao
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hua Xu
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cancer Precision Diagnosis and Treatment and Translational Medicine Hubei Engineering Research Center, Wuhan, China
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinghuan Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cancer Precision Diagnosis and Treatment and Translational Medicine Hubei Engineering Research Center, Wuhan, China
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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3
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Torreggiani E, Bononi I, Pietrobon S, Mazzoni E, Guerra G, Feo C, Martini F, Tognon M. Colorectal Carcinoma Affected Patients Are Significantly Poor Responders Against the Oncogenic JC Polyomavirus. Front Immunol 2021; 12:632129. [PMID: 34113338 PMCID: PMC8185217 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.632129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many investigations reported the association between human tumors and JCPyV, a polyomavirus with oncogenic potential. The association has been supported by studies that found JCPyV footprints in CRC and gliomas of different types. Indeed, JCPyV footprints including its nucleic acids and Tag oncoprotein have been revealed in CRC tissues. Methods Herein, sera from colorectal carcinoma (CRC) affected patients and healthy individuals (HS), employed as control, were analysed for immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against specific JCPyV viral capsid protein 1 (VP1) antigens. The investigation was carried out employing an innovative immunological assay. Indeed, an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with JCPyV VP1 mimotopes was used. JCPyV VP1 mimotopes consisted of synthetic peptides mimicking VP1 epitopes. Results Sera from CRC affected patients, evaluated using indirect ELISAs with synthetic mimotopes, showed a significant lower prevalence of IgG antibodies against JCPyV VP1 mimotopes (26%) compared to HS (51%), p<0.005. These data were confirmed by another method, the hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) assay. Altogether these results, i.e. the prevalence of serum IgG antibodies against JCPyV VP1 mimotopes from patients with CRC is approximately 50% lower than in HS, are of interest. Discussion Our data suggest that patients with CRC are significantly poor responders against JCPyV VP1 antigens. It is possible that CRC patients are affected by a specific immunological deregulation. This immunological dysfunction, revelled in CRC patients, may account for their predisposition to the colorectal carcinoma onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Torreggiani
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ilaria Bononi
- Department of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Silvia Pietrobon
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elisa Mazzoni
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giovanni Guerra
- Clinical Laboratory Analysis, University-Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carlo Feo
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fernanda Martini
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mauro Tognon
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Mazzoni E, Bononi I, Pietrobon S, Torreggiani E, Rossini M, Pugliatti M, Casetta I, Castellazzi M, Granieri E, Guerra G, Martini F, Tognon M. Specific antibodies reacting to JC polyomavirus capsid protein mimotopes in sera from multiple sclerosis and other neurological diseases-affected patients. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:5847-5855. [PMID: 32012272 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Published data support the hypothesis that viruses could be trigger agents of multiple sclerosis onset. This link is based on evidence of early exposure to viral agents in patients affected by this neurologic disease. JC (JC polyomavirus [JCPyV]), BK (BKPyV), and simian virus 40 (SV40) neurotropic polyomavirus footprints have been detected in brain tissue specimens and samples from patients affected by different neurological diseases. In this investigation, serum samples from patients affected by multiple sclerosis and other inflammatory and noninflammatory neurologic diseases, as well as healthy subjects representing the control, were investigated for immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against JCPyV. To this end, an immunologic approach was employed, which consists of employing indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay testing with synthetic peptides mimicking viral capsid protein 1 antigens. A significantly lower prevalence of IgG antibodies against JCPyV VP1 epitopes, with a low titer, was detected in serum samples from patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and other neurologic diseases than in healthy subjects. Our study indicates that the prevalence of JCPyV antibodies from patients with multiple sclerosis is 50% lower than in healthy subjects, suggesting specific immune impairments. These results indicate that patients affected by neurological diseases, including MS, respond poorly to JCPyV VP1 antigens, suggesting specific immunologic dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Mazzoni
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ilaria Bononi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Silvia Pietrobon
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elena Torreggiani
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marika Rossini
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maura Pugliatti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Specialized Surgeries, Section of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ilaria Casetta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Specialized Surgeries, Section of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Castellazzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Specialized Surgeries, Section of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Enrico Granieri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Specialized Surgeries, Section of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giovanni Guerra
- Clinical Laboratory Analysis, University Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fernanda Martini
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mauro Tognon
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Del Valle L, Piña-Oviedo S. Human Polyomavirus JCPyV and Its Role in Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy and Oncogenesis. Front Oncol 2019; 9:711. [PMID: 31440465 PMCID: PMC6694743 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human neurotropic virus JCPyV, a member of the Polyomaviridiae family, is the opportunistic infectious agent of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML), a fatal disease seen in severe immunosuppressive conditions and, during the last decade, in patients undergoing immunotherapy. JCPyV is a ubiquitous pathogen with up to 85% of the adult population word-wide exhibiting antibodies against it. Early experiments demonstrated that direct inoculation of JCPyV into the brain of different species resulted in the development of brain tumors and other neuroectodermal-derived neoplasias. Later, several reports showed the detection of viral sequences in medulloblastomas and glial tumors, as well as expression of the viral protein T-Antigen. Few oncogenic viruses, however, have caused so much controversy regarding their role in the pathogenesis of brain tumors, but the discovery of new Polyomaviruses that cause Merkel cell carcinomas in humans and brain tumors in racoons, in addition to the role of JCPyV in colon cancer and multiple mechanistic studies have shed much needed light on the role of JCPyV in cancer. The pathways affected by the viral protein T-Antigen include cell cycle regulators, like p53 and pRb, and transcription factors that activate pro-proliferative genes, like c-Myc. In addition, infection with JCPyV causes chromosomal damage and T-Antigen inhibits homologous recombination, and activates anti-apoptotic proteins, such as Survivin. Here we review the different aspects of the biology and physiopathology of JCPyV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Del Valle
- Department of Pathology and Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Sergio Piña-Oviedo
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
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Violanti SS, Bononi I, Gallenga CE, Martini F, Tognon M, Perri P. New Insights into Molecular Oncogenesis and Therapy of Uveal Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E694. [PMID: 31109147 PMCID: PMC6562554 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM), which is the most common cancer of the eye, was investigated in recent years by many teams in the field of biomedical sciences and eye clinicians. New knowledge was acquired on molecular pathways found to be dysregulated during the multistep process of oncogenesis, whereas novel therapeutic approaches gave significant results in the clinical applications. Uveal melanoma-affected patients greatly benefited from recent advances of the research in this eye cancer. Tumour biology, genetics, epigenetics and immunology contributed significantly in elucidating the role of different genes and related pathways during uveal melanoma onset/progression and UM treatments. Indeed, these investigations allowed identification of new target genes and to develop new therapeutic strategies/compounds to cure this aggressive melanoma of the eye. Unfortunately, the advances reported in the treatment of cutaneous melanoma have not produced analogous benefits in metastatic uveal melanoma. Nowadays, no systemic adjuvant therapy has been shown to improve overall survival or reduce the risk of metastasis. However, the increasing knowledge of this disease, and the encouraging results seen in clinical trials, offer promise for future effective therapies. Herein, different pathways/genes involved in uveal melanoma onset/progression were taken into consideration, together with novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Silvia Violanti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Specialized Surgeries, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara and Eye Unit of University Hospital of Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Bononi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Carla Enrica Gallenga
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Specialized Surgeries, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara and Eye Unit of University Hospital of Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Fernanda Martini
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Mauro Tognon
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Paolo Perri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Specialized Surgeries, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara and Eye Unit of University Hospital of Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, Italy.
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Muftuoglu M, Olson A, Marin D, Ahmed S, Mulanovich V, Tummala S, Chi TL, Ferrajoli A, Kaur I, Li L, Champlin R, Shpall EJ, Rezvani K. Allogeneic BK Virus-Specific T Cells for Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy. N Engl J Med 2018; 379:1443-1451. [PMID: 30304652 PMCID: PMC6283403 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1801540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
JC virus, the cause of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), and the BK virus are genetically similar and share sequence homology in immunogenic proteins. We treated three immunosuppressed patients with PML with ex vivo-expanded, partially HLA-matched, third-party-produced, cryopreserved BK virus-specific T cells. The immunosuppression in these patients was due to the conditioning regimen for cord-blood transplantation in one patient, a myeloproliferative neoplasm treated with ruxolitinib in another, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in the third. After T-cell infusion in two of the patients, alleviation of the clinical signs and imaging features of PML was seen and JC virus in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cleared. The other patient had a reduction in JC viral load and stabilization of symptoms that persisted until her death 8 months after the first infusion. Two of the patients had immune reconstitution syndrome. Donor-derived T cells were detected in the CSF after infusion. (Funded by the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center Moon Shots Program and the National Institutes of Health; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02479698 .).
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Affiliation(s)
- Muharrem Muftuoglu
- From the Departments of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (M.M., A.O., D.M., S.A., I.K., L.L., R.C., E.J.S., K.R.), Infectious Diseases (V.M.), Neuro-Oncology (S.T.), Diagnostic Radiology (T.L.C.), and Leukemia (A.F.), M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Amanda Olson
- From the Departments of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (M.M., A.O., D.M., S.A., I.K., L.L., R.C., E.J.S., K.R.), Infectious Diseases (V.M.), Neuro-Oncology (S.T.), Diagnostic Radiology (T.L.C.), and Leukemia (A.F.), M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - David Marin
- From the Departments of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (M.M., A.O., D.M., S.A., I.K., L.L., R.C., E.J.S., K.R.), Infectious Diseases (V.M.), Neuro-Oncology (S.T.), Diagnostic Radiology (T.L.C.), and Leukemia (A.F.), M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Sairah Ahmed
- From the Departments of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (M.M., A.O., D.M., S.A., I.K., L.L., R.C., E.J.S., K.R.), Infectious Diseases (V.M.), Neuro-Oncology (S.T.), Diagnostic Radiology (T.L.C.), and Leukemia (A.F.), M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Victor Mulanovich
- From the Departments of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (M.M., A.O., D.M., S.A., I.K., L.L., R.C., E.J.S., K.R.), Infectious Diseases (V.M.), Neuro-Oncology (S.T.), Diagnostic Radiology (T.L.C.), and Leukemia (A.F.), M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Sudhakar Tummala
- From the Departments of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (M.M., A.O., D.M., S.A., I.K., L.L., R.C., E.J.S., K.R.), Infectious Diseases (V.M.), Neuro-Oncology (S.T.), Diagnostic Radiology (T.L.C.), and Leukemia (A.F.), M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - T Linda Chi
- From the Departments of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (M.M., A.O., D.M., S.A., I.K., L.L., R.C., E.J.S., K.R.), Infectious Diseases (V.M.), Neuro-Oncology (S.T.), Diagnostic Radiology (T.L.C.), and Leukemia (A.F.), M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Alessandra Ferrajoli
- From the Departments of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (M.M., A.O., D.M., S.A., I.K., L.L., R.C., E.J.S., K.R.), Infectious Diseases (V.M.), Neuro-Oncology (S.T.), Diagnostic Radiology (T.L.C.), and Leukemia (A.F.), M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Indreshpal Kaur
- From the Departments of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (M.M., A.O., D.M., S.A., I.K., L.L., R.C., E.J.S., K.R.), Infectious Diseases (V.M.), Neuro-Oncology (S.T.), Diagnostic Radiology (T.L.C.), and Leukemia (A.F.), M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Li Li
- From the Departments of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (M.M., A.O., D.M., S.A., I.K., L.L., R.C., E.J.S., K.R.), Infectious Diseases (V.M.), Neuro-Oncology (S.T.), Diagnostic Radiology (T.L.C.), and Leukemia (A.F.), M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Richard Champlin
- From the Departments of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (M.M., A.O., D.M., S.A., I.K., L.L., R.C., E.J.S., K.R.), Infectious Diseases (V.M.), Neuro-Oncology (S.T.), Diagnostic Radiology (T.L.C.), and Leukemia (A.F.), M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Elizabeth J Shpall
- From the Departments of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (M.M., A.O., D.M., S.A., I.K., L.L., R.C., E.J.S., K.R.), Infectious Diseases (V.M.), Neuro-Oncology (S.T.), Diagnostic Radiology (T.L.C.), and Leukemia (A.F.), M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Katayoun Rezvani
- From the Departments of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (M.M., A.O., D.M., S.A., I.K., L.L., R.C., E.J.S., K.R.), Infectious Diseases (V.M.), Neuro-Oncology (S.T.), Diagnostic Radiology (T.L.C.), and Leukemia (A.F.), M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
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Bononi I, Mazzoni E, Pietrobon S, Torreggiani E, Rossini M, Violanti S, Perri P, Tognon M, Martini F. High prevalence of serum IgG antibodies reacting to specific mimotopes of BK polyomavirus, a human oncogenic polyomavirus, in patients affected by uveal melanoma. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:9052-9059. [PMID: 29968911 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common human intraocular tumor. The BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) is a small DNA tumor virus whose footprints have been detected in different human cancers. BKPyV has oncogenic potential. Indeed, BKPyV, when inoculated into experimental animals, induces tumors of different histotypes, whereas in vitro, it transforms mammalian cells, including human cells from distinct tissues. In this investigation, the association between UM and BKPyV was studied employing indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) using synthetic peptides that mimic BKPyV viral capsid 1 (VP1) antigens. Indirect ELISAs were used to detect serum IgG antibodies against this polyomavirus with oncogenic potential in samples from patients with UM and controls, represented by healthy subjects (HS). It was found that serum samples from patients with UM had a higher prevalence of BKPyV antibodies, 85% (51/60), compared with that detected in HS1, 62% (54/87), and HS2, 57% (68/120). The different prevalence of BKPyV antibodies detected in UM versus the two control groups, HS1 and HS2, is statistically significant (p < 0.005). Our immunologic data suggest a significantly higher prevalence of antibodies against BKPyV VP1 epitopes in serum samples from patients with UM compared with HS. These results indicate an association between UM and BKPyV, suggesting that this small DNA tumor virus may be a cofactor in the UM onset or progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Bononi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elisa Mazzoni
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Silvia Pietrobon
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elena Torreggiani
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marika Rossini
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sara Violanti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Specialized Surgeries, School of Medicine, University Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Perri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Specialized Surgeries, School of Medicine, University Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mauro Tognon
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fernanda Martini
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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9
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Bononi I, Mazzoni E, Pietrobon S, Manfrini M, Torreggiani E, Rossini M, Lotito F, Guerra G, Rizzo P, Martini F, Tognon M. Serum IgG antibodies from healthy subjects up to 100 years old react to JC polyomavirus. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:5513-5522. [PMID: 29323725 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) was identified in 1971 in the brain tissue of a patient (J.C.) affected by the progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). JCPyV encodes for the oncoproteins large T antigen (Tag) and small t-antigen (tag). These oncoproteins are responsible of the cell transformation and tumorigenesis in experimental animals. JCPyV is ubiquitous in human populations. After the primary infection, which is usually asymptomatic, JCPyV remains lifelong in the host in a latent phase. Its reactivation may occur in heathy subjects and immunocompromised patients. Upon reactivation, JCPyV could reach (i) the CNS inducing the PML, (ii) the kidney of transplant patients causing the organ rejection. Association between JCPyV, which is a small DNA tumor virus, and gliomas and colorectal carcinomas has been published. In the present investigation, we report on a new indirect ELISA with two specific synthetic peptides mimicking JCPyV VP1 immunogenic epitopes to detect specific serum IgG antibodies against JCPyV. Serum samples of healthy subjects (n = 355) ranging 2-100 years old, were analyzed by this new indirect ELISA. The linear peptides VP1 K and VP1 N resemble the natural JCPyV VP1 capsidic epitopes constituting a docking site for serum antibodies. Data from this innovative immunologic assay indicate that the overall prevalence of JCPyV-VP1 antibodies in healthy subjects is at 39%. The innovative indirect ELISA with JCPyV VP1 mimotopes seems to be a useful method to detect specific IgG antibodies against this virus, without cross-reactivity with the closely related SV40 and BKPyV polyomaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Bononi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elisa Mazzoni
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Silvia Pietrobon
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marco Manfrini
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elena Torreggiani
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marika Rossini
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesca Lotito
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giovanni Guerra
- Clinical Laboratory Analysis, University Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paola Rizzo
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fernanda Martini
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mauro Tognon
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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10
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Scadden JRW, Sharif A, Skordilis K, Borrows R. Polyoma virus nephropathy in kidney transplantation. World J Transplant 2017; 7:329-338. [PMID: 29312862 PMCID: PMC5743870 DOI: 10.5500/wjt.v7.i6.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BK virus (BKV) is a polyomavirus that is able to cause renal dysfunction in transplanted grafts via BK virus-associated nephritis (BKVAN). This condition was mis-diagnosed in the past due to clinical and histopthological similarities with acute rejection. Due to the prevalence of the virus in the population, it is an important pathogen in this context, and so it is important to understand how this virus functions and its' relationship with the pathogenesis of BKVN. Screening for BKV often reveals viruria and/or viremia, which then manifests as BKVN, which can be asymptomatic or result in clinical features namely renal dysfunction. The pathogenesis of BKV infection is still unclear and needs to be further investigated; nevertheless there are a variety of hypotheses that indicate that there are a host of factors that play important roles. Treatments for BKVAN include a reduction in immunosuppression, the use of antiviral therapy or the combination of both treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob RW Scadden
- University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TH, United Kingdom
| | - Adnan Sharif
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TH, United Kingdom
| | - Kassi Skordilis
- Department of Renal Histopathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TH, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Borrows
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TH, United Kingdom
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11
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Pietrobon S, Bononi I, Lotito F, Perri P, Violanti S, Mazzoni E, Martini F, Tognon MG. Specific Detection of Serum Antibodies against BKPyV, A Small DNA Tumour Virus, in Patients Affected by Choroidal Nevi. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2059. [PMID: 29109715 PMCID: PMC5660439 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocular or choroidal nevus (CN) is a rare benign neoplastic lesion of the eye. The cause of CN onset/progression, which arises from the transformation of ocular melanocytes, is not known. A fraction of CN patients may develop uveal melanoma. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between CN and BK polyomavirus (BKPyV), a small DNA tumor virus. Serum IgG antibodies which react with BKPyV antigens were analyzed. An indirect E.L.I.S.A. using synthetic peptides that mimic BKPyV antigens was employed. Serum antibodies against BKPyV were also investigated by haemagglutination inhibition (HAI) assay. Sera were from CN patients and healthy subject (HS) were the control. A statistically significant higher prevalence of antibodies against BKPyV capsid protein antigens in serum samples from CN patients was detected, compared to HS, using two independent techniques, indirect E.L.I.S.A. and HAI (87.3% CN vs. 62.1% HS and 91.5% CN vs. 64.4% HS, respectively; p < 0.005). Our data suggest an association exists between CN and BKPyV indicating that this small DNA tumor virus could be responsible in the onset of this benign neoplastic lesion affecting eye melanocytes. This investigation reports the association between choroidal nevi and BKPyV infection for the first time. These data are innovative in this field and may represent a starting point for further investigation into the putative role of BKPyV in CN onset/progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pietrobon
- Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ilaria Bononi
- Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesca Lotito
- Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Perri
- Section of Ophthalmology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Specialized Surgeries, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sara Violanti
- Section of Ophthalmology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Specialized Surgeries, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elisa Mazzoni
- Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fernanda Martini
- Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mauro G Tognon
- Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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12
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Banerjee S, Tian T, Wei Z, Peck KN, Shih N, Chalian AA, O'Malley BW, Weinstein GS, Feldman MD, Alwine J, Robertson ES. Microbial Signatures Associated with Oropharyngeal and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4036. [PMID: 28642609 PMCID: PMC5481414 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03466-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiome is fundamentally one of the most unique organs in the human body. Dysbiosis can result in critical inflammatory responses and result in pathogenesis contributing to neoplastic events. We used a pan-pathogen array technology (PathoChip) coupled with next-generation sequencing to establish microbial signatures unique to human oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OCSCC/OPSCC). Signatures for DNA and RNA viruses including oncogenic viruses, gram positive and negative bacteria, fungi and parasites were detected. Cluster and topological analyses identified 2 distinct groups of microbial signatures related to OCSCCs/OPSCCs. Results were validated by probe capture next generation sequencing; the data from which also provided a comprehensive map of integration sites and chromosomal hotspots for micro-organism genomic insertions. Identification of these microbial signatures and their integration sites may provide biomarkers for OCSCC/OPSCC diagnosis and prognosis as well as novel avenues for study of their potential role in OCSCCs/OPSCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagarika Banerjee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and neck surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, United States of America
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Computer Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, New Jersey, 07102, United States of America
| | - Zhi Wei
- Department of Computer Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, New Jersey, 07102, United States of America
| | - Kristen N Peck
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and neck surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, United States of America
| | - Natalie Shih
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 19104, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ara A Chalian
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and neck surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, United States of America
| | - Bert W O'Malley
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and neck surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, United States of America
| | - Gregory S Weinstein
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and neck surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, United States of America
| | - Michael D Feldman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 19104, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - James Alwine
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, United States of America
| | - Erle S Robertson
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and neck surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, United States of America.
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13
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Ingerslev K, Hogdall E, Schnack TH, Skovrider-Ruminski W, Hogdall C, Blaakaer J. The potential role of infectious agents and pelvic inflammatory disease in ovarian carcinogenesis. Infect Agent Cancer 2017; 12:25. [PMID: 28529540 PMCID: PMC5437405 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-017-0134-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The etiological cause of ovarian cancer is poorly understood. It has been theorized that bacterial or viral infection as well as pelvic inflammatory disease could play a role in ovarian carcinogenesis. Aim To review the literature on studies examining the association between ovarian cancer and bacterial or viral infection or pelvic inflammatory disease. Methods Database search through MEDLINE, applying the medical subject headings: “Ovarian neoplasms”, AND “Chlamydia infections”, “Neisseria gonorrhoeae”, “Mycoplasma genitalium”, “Papillomaviridae”, or “pelvic inflammatory disease”. Corresponding searches were performed in EMBASE, and Web of Science. The literature search identified 935 articles of which 40 were eligible for inclusion in this review. Results Seven studies examined the association between bacterial infection and ovarian cancer. A single study found a significant association between chlamydial infection and ovarian cancer, while another study identified Mycoplasma genitalium in a large proportion of ovarian cancer cases. The remaining studies found no association. Human papillomavirus detection rates varied from 0 to 67% and were generally higher in the Asian studies than in studies from Western countries. Cytomegalovirus was the only other virus to be detected and was found in 50% of cases in a case-control study. The association between ovarian cancer and pelvic inflammatory disease was examined in seven epidemiological studies, two of which, reported a statistically significant association. Conclusions Data indicate a potential association between pelvic inflammatory disease and ovarian cancer. An association between ovarian cancer and high-risk human papillomavirus genotypes may exist in Asia, whereas an association in Western countries seems unlikely due to the low reported prevalence. Potential carcinogenic bacteria were found, but results were inconsistent, and further research is warranted. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13027-017-0134-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper Ingerslev
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Odense University Hospital, Denmark, Soendre Blvd. 29, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Estrid Hogdall
- Department of Pathology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Denmark, Herlev Ringvej 75, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Tine Henrichsen Schnack
- Gynaecologic Clinic, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Claus Hogdall
- Gynaecologic Clinic, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jan Blaakaer
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Odense University Hospital, Denmark, Soendre Blvd. 29, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
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14
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Pietrobon S, Bononi I, Mazzoni E, Lotito F, Manfrini M, Puozzo A, Destro F, Guerra G, Nocini PF, Martini F, Tognon MG. Specific IgG Antibodies React to Mimotopes of BK Polyomavirus, a Small DNA Tumor Virus, in Healthy Adult Sera. Front Immunol 2017; 8:236. [PMID: 28321224 PMCID: PMC5338004 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) was isolated in 1971 from the urine of a kidney transplant patient. Soon after its identification, BKPyV was characterized as a kidney-tropic virus, which is responsible of a significant fraction of the rejection of transplant kidney in the host. Moreover, in experimental conditions, BKPyV is able to transform different types of animal and human cells and to induce tumors of different histotypes in experimental animals. BKPyV DNA sequences have been detected in healthy individuals and cancer patients using polymerase chain reaction/Shouthern blot hybridization methods. Serum antibodies against this polyomavirus were revealed using immunological techniques, which, however, cross-react with other polyomaviruses such as JC (JCPyV) and Simian Virus 40. These non-specific data indicate the need of novel immunological methods and new investigations to check in a specific manner, BKPyV spread in humans. To this aim, mimotopes from BKPyV structural capsid protein 1 (VP1) were employed for specific immunological reactions to IgG antibodies of human serum samples. An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with synthetic peptides mimicking immunogenic epitopes of BKPyV VP1 was set up and employed to test sera of healthy adult subjects. Data from this innovative immunological assay indicate that serum antibodies against BKPyV VP1 mimotopes are detectable in healthy subjects ranging from 18 to 90 years old. The overall prevalence of serum samples that reacted to BKPyV VP1 mimotopes was 72%. The strong points from this investigation are the novelty of the immunological method, its simplicity of the approach, and the specificity of BKPyV antibody reaction to VP1 mimotopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pietrobon
- Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| | - Ilaria Bononi
- Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| | - Elisa Mazzoni
- Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| | - Francesca Lotito
- Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| | - Marco Manfrini
- Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| | - Andrea Puozzo
- Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| | - Federica Destro
- Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| | - Giovanni Guerra
- Clinical Laboratory Analysis, University Hospital of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| | - Pier Francesco Nocini
- Department of Surgery, Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Verona , Verona , Italy
| | - Fernanda Martini
- Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| | - Mauro G Tognon
- Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
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15
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Rotondo JC, Candian T, Selvatici R, Mazzoni E, Bonaccorsi G, Greco P, Tognon M, Martini F. Tracing Males From Different Continents by Genotyping JC Polyomavirus in DNA From Semen Samples. J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:982-985. [PMID: 27859215 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The human JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) is an ubiquitous viral agent infecting approximately 60% of humans. Recently, JCPyV sequences have been detected in semen samples. The aim of this investigation was to test whether semen JCPyV genotyping can be employed to trace the origin continent of males. Semen DNA samples (n = 170) from males of different Continents were investigated by PCR for the polymorphic JCPyV viral capsid protein 1 (VP1) sequences, followed by DNA sequencing. JCPyV sequences were detected with an overall prevalence of 27.6% (47/170). DNA sequencing revealed that European males carried JCPyV types 1A (71.4%), 4 (11.4%), 2B (2.9%), 2D1 (2.9%), and 3A (2.9%). Asians JCPyV type 2D1 (66.7%) and Africans JCPyV types 3A (33.3%) and 1A (33.3%). In 10.6% of males, two different JCPyV genotypes were detected, suggesting that the second JCPyV genotype was acquired in the destination country. This study indicates that the majority of semen samples found to be JCPyV-positive, were infected with the JCPyV genotype found in the geographic area of male origin. Therefore, semen JCPyV genotyping could be employed to trace the origin continent of males. Our findings could be applied to forensic investigations, in case of for instance sexual crimes. Indeed, JCPyV genotyping should enable investigators to make additional detailed profiling of the offender. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 982-985, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Charles Rotondo
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology Experimental Biology, Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Tommaso Candian
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Rita Selvatici
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Microbiology and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elisa Mazzoni
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology Experimental Biology, Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Gloria Bonaccorsi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pantaleo Greco
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mauro Tognon
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology Experimental Biology, Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fernanda Martini
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology Experimental Biology, Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Ferrara, Italy
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16
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Mazzoni E, Guerra G, Casali MV, Pietrobon S, Bononi I, Puozzo A, Tagliapietra A, Nocini PF, Tognon M, Martini F. Antibodies Against Mimotopes of Simian Virus 40 Large T Antigen, the Oncoprotein, in Serum Samples From Elderly Healthy Subjects. J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:176-81. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Mazzoni
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology; Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
| | - Giovanni Guerra
- Clinical Laboratory Analysis; University Hospital; Ferrara Italy
| | | | - Silvia Pietrobon
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology; Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
| | - Ilaria Bononi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology; Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
| | - Andrea Puozzo
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology; Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
| | - Andrea Tagliapietra
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology; Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
| | | | - Mauro Tognon
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology; Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
| | - Fernanda Martini
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology; Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
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17
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Wu JH, Nguyen HP, Rady PL, Tyring SK. Molecular insight into the viral biology and clinical features of trichodysplasia spinulosa. Br J Dermatol 2015; 174:490-8. [PMID: 26479880 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.14239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Trichodysplasia spinulosa (TS) is a disfiguring skin disease that occurs most frequently in patients receiving immunosuppressive therapies, and is thus frequently associated with organ transplantation. TS is characterized clinically by folliculocentric papular eruption, keratin spine formation and development of leonine face; and histologically by expansion of the inner root sheath epithelium and high expression of the proliferative marker Ki-67. Recent discovery of the TS-associated polyomavirus (TSPyV) and emerging studies demonstrating the role of TSPyV tumour antigens in cell proliferation pathways have opened a new corridor for research on TS. In this brief review, we summarize the clinical and histological features of TS and evaluate the current options for therapy. Furthermore, we address the viral aetiology of the disease and explore the mechanisms by which TSPyV may influence TS development and progression. As reports of TS continue to rise, clinician recognition of TS, as well as accompanying research on its underlying pathogenesis and therapeutic options, is becoming increasingly important. It is our hope that heightened clinical suspicion for TS will increase rates of diagnosis and will galvanize both molecular and clinical interest in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Wu
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, U.S.A.,Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, U.S.A
| | - H P Nguyen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, U.S.A.,Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, U.S.A
| | - P L Rady
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, U.S.A
| | - S K Tyring
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, U.S.A
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18
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Eftimov T, Enchev Y, Tsekov I, Simeonov P, Kalvatchev Z, Encheva E. JC polyomavirus in the aetiology and pathophysiology of glial tumours. Neurosurg Rev 2015; 39:47-53. [PMID: 26560882 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-015-0676-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Glial brain tumours with their poor prognosis, limited treatment modalities and unclear detailed pathophysiology represent a significant health concern. The purpose of the current study was to investigate and describe the possible role of the human polyomavirus JC as an underlying cancerogenic or co-cancerogenic factor in the complex processes of glial tumour induction and development. Samples from 101 patients with glial tumours were obtained during neurosurgical tumour resection. Small tissue pieces were taken from several areas of the histologically verified solid tumour core. Biopsies were used for DNA extraction and subsequent amplification reactions of sequences from the JC viral genome. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used for detection and quantification of its non-coding control region (NCCR) and gene encoding the regulatory protein Large T antigen (LT). An average of 37.6% of all patients was found to be LT positive, whereas only 6.9% tested positive for NCCR. The analysis of the results demonstrated significant variance between the determined LT prevalence and the rate for NCCR, with a low starting copy number in all positive samples and threshold cycles in the range of 36 to 42 representing viral load in the range from 10 to 1000 copies/μl. The results most probably indicate incomplete JC viral replication. Under such conditions, mutations in the host cell genome may be accumulated due to interference of the virus with the host cell machinery, and eventually malignant transformation may occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tihomir Eftimov
- Clinic of Neurosurgery, Military Medical Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Yavor Enchev
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital "St. Marina", Medical University of Varna, 1 "Hristo Smirnenski" Boulevard, 9010, Varna, Bulgaria.
| | - Iliya Tsekov
- Center for Diagnosis and Analysis of Viruses and Viral Diseases, Military Medical Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Plamen Simeonov
- Clinic of Neurosurgery, Military Medical Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Zlatko Kalvatchev
- Center for Diagnosis and Analysis of Viruses and Viral Diseases, Military Medical Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Elitsa Encheva
- Department of Imaging Diagnostics and Radiotherapy, University Hospital "St. Marina", Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
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19
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Kenan DJ, Mieczkowski PA, Burger-Calderon R, Singh HK, Nickeleit V. The oncogenic potential of BK-polyomavirus is linked to viral integration into the human genome. J Pathol 2015; 237:379-89. [PMID: 26172456 PMCID: PMC5042064 DOI: 10.1002/path.4584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
It has been suggested that BK-polyomavirus is linked to oncogenesis via high expression levels of large T-antigen in some urothelial neoplasms arising following kidney transplantation. However, a causal association between BK-polyomavirus, large T-antigen expression and oncogenesis has never been demonstrated in humans. Here we describe an investigation using high-throughput sequencing of tumour DNA obtained from an urothelial carcinoma arising in a renal allograft. We show that a novel BK-polyomavirus strain, named CH-1, is integrated into exon 26 of the myosin-binding protein C1 gene (MYBPC1) on chromosome 12 in tumour cells but not in normal renal cells. Integration of the BK-polyomavirus results in a number of discrete alterations in viral gene expression, including: (a) disruption of VP1 protein expression and robust expression of large T-antigen; (b) preclusion of viral replication; and (c) deletions in the non-coding control region (NCCR), with presumed alterations in promoter feedback loops. Viral integration disrupts one MYBPC1 gene copy and likely alters its expression. Circular episomal BK-polyomavirus gene sequences are not found, and the renal allograft shows no productive polyomavirus infection or polyomavirus nephropathy. These findings support the hypothesis that integration of polyomaviruses is essential to tumourigenesis. It is likely that dysregulation of large T-antigen, with persistent over-expression in non-lytic cells, promotes cell growth, genetic instability and neoplastic transformation.
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MESH Headings
- Allografts
- Antigens, Viral, Tumor/genetics
- BK Virus/genetics
- BK Virus/metabolism
- BK Virus/pathogenicity
- Biopsy
- Capsid Proteins/genetics
- Carcinoma/genetics
- Carcinoma/pathology
- Carcinoma/surgery
- Carcinoma/virology
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Transformation, Viral
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Gene Expression Regulation, Viral
- Genome, Human
- Genomic Instability
- Humans
- Kidney Neoplasms/genetics
- Kidney Neoplasms/pathology
- Kidney Neoplasms/surgery
- Kidney Neoplasms/virology
- Kidney Transplantation/adverse effects
- Male
- Microscopy, Electron
- Middle Aged
- Molecular Diagnostic Techniques
- Oncogene Proteins, Viral/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Viral/metabolism
- Polyomavirus Infections/virology
- Tumor Virus Infections/virology
- Urothelium/pathology
- Urothelium/virology
- Virus Integration
- Virus Replication
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Kenan
- Division of Nephropathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Harsharan K Singh
- Division of Nephropathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Volker Nickeleit
- Division of Nephropathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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20
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Mazzoni E, Pietrobon S, Masini I, Rotondo JC, Gentile M, Fainardi E, Casetta I, Castellazzi M, Granieri E, Caniati ML, Tola MR, Guerra G, Martini F, Tognon M. Significant low prevalence of antibodies reacting with simian virus 40 mimotopes in serum samples from patients affected by inflammatory neurologic diseases, including multiple sclerosis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110923. [PMID: 25365364 PMCID: PMC4218715 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Many investigations were carried out on the association between viruses and multiple sclerosis (MS). Indeed, early studies reported the detections of neurotropic virus footprints in the CNS of patients with MS. In this study, sera from patients affected by MS, other inflammatory (OIND) and non-inflammatory neurologic diseases (NIND) were analyzed for antibodies against the polyomavirus, Simian Virus 40 (SV40). An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), with two synthetic peptides, which mimic SV40 antigens, was employed to detect specific antibodies in sera from patients affected by MS, OIND, NIND and healthy subjects (HS). Immunologic data indicate that in sera from MS patients antibodies against SV40 mimotopes are detectable with a low prevalence, 6%, whereas in HS of the same mean age, 40 yrs, the prevalence was 22%. The difference is statistically significant (P = 0.001). Significant is also the difference between MS vs. NIND patients (6% vs. 17%; P = 0.0254), whereas no significant difference was detected between MS vs OIND (6% vs 10%; P>0.05). The prevalence of SV40 antibodies in MS patients is 70% lower than that revealed in HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Mazzoni
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Silvia Pietrobon
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Irene Masini
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - John Charles Rotondo
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mauro Gentile
- Biomedical Sciences and Specialized Surgeries, Section of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Enrico Fainardi
- Unit of Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ilaria Casetta
- Biomedical Sciences and Specialized Surgeries, Section of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Castellazzi
- Biomedical Sciences and Specialized Surgeries, Section of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Enrico Granieri
- Biomedical Sciences and Specialized Surgeries, Section of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | | | - Giovanni Guerra
- Clinical Laboratory Analysis, University Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fernanda Martini
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mauro Tognon
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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21
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Mathew J, Holanda D, Figanbaum T, Fraer M, Thomas C. Late-Onset BK Viral Nephropathy in a Kidney Transplant Recipient. Transplant Proc 2014; 46:2386-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2014.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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22
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Bononi I, Perri P, Begnardi A, Martini A, Mazzoni E, Bosi S, Pietrobon S, Sebastiani A, Tognon M, Martini F. Antibodies reacting with Simian Virus 40 capsid protein mimotopes in serum samples from patients affected by uveal melanoma. J Hematol Oncol 2014; 7:38. [PMID: 24886631 PMCID: PMC4012707 DOI: 10.1186/1756-8722-7-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common human intraocular tumour. Simian Virus 40 (SV-40) is a small DNA tumor virus detected in some malignancies, including the cutaneous melanoma. In this study an indirect ELISA using synthetic peptides that mimic SV-40 antigens, was employed to detect antibodies against SV-40 in serum samples from UM patients. Our report indicates a significant higher prevalence of antibodies against SV-40 capsid protein antigens in serum samples from UM patients compared to controls. Our data suggest an association between UM and SV-40, indicating that patients affected by uveal melanoma tested SV-40-positive could be treated by innovative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mauro Tognon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Surgical Specialities, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, Ferrara 44121, Italy.
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23
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Tseng CE, Yeh CM, Fang CY, Shay J, Chen PL, Lin MC, Chang D, Wang M. Detection of human JCPyV and BKPyV in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the GI tract. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2013. [PMID: 24258263 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-d13-2010-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that infection with human polyomavirus, such as JCPyV and BKPyV, might be associated with various human tumors. However, an association between human JCPyV and BKPyV infection and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) has not been reported. The purpose of this study was to examine DLBCLs of the gastrointestinal tract for evidence of human polyomavirus infection. Nested PCR and DNA sequencing were employed for viral DNA detection and viral genotype identification. In addition, two viral proteins, the large tumor antigen (LT) and the major structural protein (VP1), were detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Human JCPyV and BKPyV DNA was detected in 14 out of 16 tissue samples (87.5%), whereby nine cases were infected with JCPyV and five cases were infected with BKPyV. Both archetypal and rearranged genotypes of JCPyV and BKPyV were detected in the tissues. LT was detected in 11 tissue samples (68.75%). However, VP1 was not detected in any of the tissue samples. The presence of human JCPyV and BKPyV DNA and protein in DLBCL tissues of gastrointestinal tract were first reported in this study. The current results provide evidence of a possible association between human JCPyV and BKPyV infection and DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Tseng
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Buddhist Dalin Tzu Chi General Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
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24
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Tseng CE, Yeh CM, Fang CY, Shay J, Chen PL, Lin MC, Chang D, Wang M. Detection of human JCPyV and BKPyV in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the GI tract. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2013; 33:665-72. [PMID: 24258263 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-013-2010-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that infection with human polyomavirus, such as JCPyV and BKPyV, might be associated with various human tumors. However, an association between human JCPyV and BKPyV infection and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) has not been reported. The purpose of this study was to examine DLBCLs of the gastrointestinal tract for evidence of human polyomavirus infection. Nested PCR and DNA sequencing were employed for viral DNA detection and viral genotype identification. In addition, two viral proteins, the large tumor antigen (LT) and the major structural protein (VP1), were detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Human JCPyV and BKPyV DNA was detected in 14 out of 16 tissue samples (87.5%), whereby nine cases were infected with JCPyV and five cases were infected with BKPyV. Both archetypal and rearranged genotypes of JCPyV and BKPyV were detected in the tissues. LT was detected in 11 tissue samples (68.75%). However, VP1 was not detected in any of the tissue samples. The presence of human JCPyV and BKPyV DNA and protein in DLBCL tissues of gastrointestinal tract were first reported in this study. The current results provide evidence of a possible association between human JCPyV and BKPyV infection and DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Tseng
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Buddhist Dalin Tzu Chi General Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
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25
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Mazzoni E, Tognon M, Martini F, Taronna A, Corallini A, Barbanti-Brodano G, Guerra G, Carandina G, Casali F, Rezza G, Pizzo G, Valdarchi C. Simian virus 40 (SV40) antibodies in elderly subjects. J Infect 2013; 67:356-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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26
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Moens U, Van Ghelue M, Song X, Ehlers B. Serological cross-reactivity between human polyomaviruses. Rev Med Virol 2013; 23:250-64. [DOI: 10.1002/rmv.1747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Moens
- University of Tromsø, Faculty of Health Sciences; Department of Medical Biology; Tromsø Norway
| | - Marijke Van Ghelue
- University Hospital of Northern-Norway; Department of Medical Genetics; Tromsø Norway
| | - Xiaobo Song
- University of Tromsø, Faculty of Health Sciences; Department of Medical Biology; Tromsø Norway
| | - Bernhard Ehlers
- Robert Koch Institute; Department of Infectious Diseases; Berlin Germany
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27
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Alaribe FN, Mazzoni E, Rigolin GM, Rizzotto L, Maniero S, Pancaldi C, Manfrini M, Martini F, Tognon MG. Extended lifespan of normal human B lymphocytes experimentally infected by SV40 or transfected by SV40 large T antigen expression vector. Leuk Res 2013; 37:681-9. [PMID: 23473917 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
SV40 footprints were detected in different lymphoproliferative disorders and in blood specimens of healthy donors. However, little is known on the ability of SV40 to infect/transform normal human B-lymphocytes. In this in vitro study, experimental SV40 infection and SV40 Tag transfection of normal human B-lymphocytes from healthy blood donors were carried out. In SV40 infected/transfected purified B-cells, during the time course analyses, viral DNA sequences were detected by PCR, while Tag mRNA and protein were revealed by RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry, respectively. Trypan blue and Alamar blue assays showed an increase in number of cells and cell viability of infected/transfected B-cells up to day 50, then a drastic and constant cell number reduction was observed in cultures. Approximately 50% of both infected and transfected B-cells appeared morphologically transformed. SV40 viral progeny and its titer from infected B-cells was determined by plaque assay in permissive CV-1 cells. Our data indicate that human B-cells can be efficiently infected by SV40, release a viral progeny, while at the same time are transformed. SV40 infected/Tag transfected B-cells may represent an experimental model of study for investigating new biomarkers and targets for innovative therapeutic approaches in human B-cell malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franca Nneka Alaribe
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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28
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Zhong S, Suzuki M, Peng X, Shen ZJ, Wang XJ, Xu TY, Li T, Yogo Y, Homma Y. BK polyomavirus from patients with tissue-derived prostate adenocarcinoma. Future Virol 2013. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl.13.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Aim: To explore the potential role of BK polyomavirus (BKV) in prostate tumorigenesis. Materials & methods: A total of 82 patients (no immunosuppression history) were divided into two groups. Group 1 included 32 patients receiving radical prostatectomy due to prostate adenocarcinoma. Group 2 consisted of 50 patients receiving transurethral resection of prostate or incision of prostate (TUIP) due to benign prostatic hyperplasia. Prostate tissue specimens of group 1 were obtained from two regions of the prostate: one was from the peripheral section of the prostate or proximal to the region where adenocarcinoma was confirmed by the preoperative needle biopsies (mark A region), the other was from the central section of the prostate or distal from the region where adenocarcinoma was confirmed by the needle biopsies (mark B region). If BKV alone was detected in either of the two regions, that case was regarded as BKV-positive prostate cancer. Those of group 2 were obtained from transrectal prostate biopsy before transurethral resection of prostate or transurethral incision of the prostate. Total DNA was extracted from each of the tissues and subjected to single or nested PCR using the β-globin system to detect targeted sequences within: the LTag gene; the VP1 gene and the transcriptional control region (TCR). Results: In group 1, BKV DNA sequences were detected in six cases (18.8%, 6/32), which were all in the A regions. Among the six cases, there were four cases with all of LTag, VP1 and TCR amplified, one case with LTag and TCR amplified, and one case with only the LTag amplified. In group 2, there was only one case (2.0%, 1/50) in which BKV DNA sequences were detected, and the only amplified fragment was VP1. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (p = 0.008). Conclusion: BKV is often detected in the prostate cancer tissue and may be associated with progression of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zhong
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No. 197, 2nd Ruijin Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Makoto Suzuki
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xu Peng
- Department of Systems Biology & Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Healthy Science Center, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Zhou-Jun Shen
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No. 197, 2nd Ruijin Road, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Xian-Jin Wang
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No. 197, 2nd Ruijin Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Tian-Yuan Xu
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No. 197, 2nd Ruijin Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No. 197, 2nd Ruijin Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yoshiaki Yogo
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukio Homma
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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29
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An update on viral association of human cancers. Arch Virol 2013; 158:1433-43. [PMID: 23417394 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-013-1623-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Up to now, seven viruses that infect humans have been identified as oncogenic and are closely associated with different human cancers. Most of them encode oncogenes whose products play important roles in the development of cancers in the context of environmental and genetic factors; others may act via indirect mechanisms. The transforming activities of the human oncogenic viruses have much in common with the well-studied tumorigenic processes elicited by the acutely transforming murine retroviruses. Many of these mechanisms have been elucidated for or are represented in the successive steps leading to the efficient in vitro immortalization by the lymphotropic herpesvirus Epstein-Barr virus, although the establishment of malignancy in vivo takes longer. The development of cancer is a complicated process involving multiple factors, from the host and the environment. Although any one of these etiologic factors may exert an effect on the carcinogenic process, vaccination against the viral pathogen in several cases has shown efficacy in preventing the spread of the virus and, in turn, the development of the associated cancers. Modern laboratory techniques can be expected to facilitate the identification of new emerging viruses whose association with malignancies is suggested by epidemiologic and clinical data.
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30
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Comar M, Zanotta N, Croci E, Murru I, Marci R, Pancaldi C, Dolcet O, Luppi S, Martinelli M, Giolo E, Ricci G, Tognon M. Association between the JC polyomavirus infection and male infertility. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42880. [PMID: 22912758 PMCID: PMC3418243 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years the incidence of male infertility has increased. Many risk factors have been taken into consideration, including viral infections. Investigations into viral agents and male infertility have mainly been focused on human papillomaviruses, while no reports have been published on polyomaviruses and male infertility. The aim of this study was to verify whether JC virus and BK virus are associated with male infertility. Matched semen and urine samples from 106 infertile males and 100 fertile males, as controls, were analyzed. Specific PCR analyses were carried out to detect and quantify large T (Tag) coding sequences of JCV and BKV. DNA sequencing, carried out in Tag JCV-positive samples, was addressed to viral protein 1 (VP1) coding sequences. The prevalence of JCV Tag sequences in semen and urine samples from infertile males was 34% (72/212), whereas the BKV prevalence was 0.94% (2/212). Specifically, JCV Tag sequences were detected in 24.5% (26/106) of semen and 43.4% (46/106) of urine samples from infertile men. In semen and urine samples from controls the prevalence was 11% and 28%, respectively. A statistically significant difference (p<0.05) in JCV prevalence was disclosed in semen and urine samples of cases vs. controls. A higher JC viral DNA load was detected in samples from infertile males than in controls. In samples from infertile males the JC virus type 2 strain, subtype 2b, was more prevalent than ubiquitous type 1. JCV type 2 strain infection has been found to be associated with male infertility. These data suggest that the JC virus should be taken into consideration as an infectious agent which is responsible for male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manola Comar
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”– Trieste, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Nunzia Zanotta
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”– Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Eleonora Croci
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”– Trieste, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Immacolata Murru
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”– Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Roberto Marci
- Section of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Cecilia Pancaldi
- Section of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ornella Dolcet
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”– Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Stefania Luppi
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”– Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Monica Martinelli
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”– Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Elena Giolo
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”– Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ricci
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”– Trieste, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Mauro Tognon
- Section of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- * E-mail:
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31
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Simian virus 40 efficiently infects human T lymphocytes and extends their lifespan. Exp Hematol 2012; 40:466-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2012.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Revised: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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32
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Corallini A, Mazzoni E, Taronna A, Manfrini M, Carandina G, Guerra G, Guaschino R, Vaniglia F, Magnani C, Casali F, Dolcetti R, Palmonari C, Rezza G, Martini F, Barbanti-Brodano G, Tognon MG. Specific antibodies reacting with simian virus 40 capsid protein mimotopes in serum samples from healthy blood donors. Hum Immunol 2012; 73:502-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2012.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Revised: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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33
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Van Ghelue M, Khan MTH, Ehlers B, Moens U. Genome analysis of the new human polyomaviruses. Rev Med Virol 2012; 22:354-77. [PMID: 22461085 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.1711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Revised: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Polyomaviridae is a growing family of naked, double-stranded DNA viruses that infect birds and mammals. The last few years, several new members infecting birds or primates have been discovered, including seven human polyomaviruses: KI, WU, Merkel cell polyomavirus, HPyV6, HPyV7, trichodysplasia spinulosa-associated polyomavirus, and HPyV9. In addition, DNA and antibodies against the monkey lymphotropic polyomavirus have been detected in humans, indicating that this virus can also infect man. However, little is known about the route of infection, transmission, cell tropism, and, with the exception of Merkel cell polyomavirus and trichodysplasia spinulosa-associated polyomavirus, the pathogenicity of these viruses. This review compares the genomes of these emerging human polyomaviruses with previously known polyomaviruses detected in man, reports mutations in different isolates, and predicts structural and functional properties of their viral proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijke Van Ghelue
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Northern-Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Large T-antigen up-regulates Kv4.3 K⁺ channels through Sp1, and Kv4.3 K⁺ channels contribute to cell apoptosis and necrosis through activation of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. Biochem J 2012; 441:859-67. [PMID: 22023388 DOI: 10.1042/bj20111604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Down-regulation of Kv4.3 K⁺ channels commonly occurs in multiple diseases, but the understanding of the regulation of Kv4.3 K⁺ channels and the role of Kv4.3 K⁺ channels in pathological conditions are limited. HEK (human embryonic kidney)-293T cells are derived from HEK-293 cells which are transformed by expression of the large T-antigen. In the present study, by comparing HEK-293 and HEK-293T cells, we find that HEK-293T cells express more Kv4.3 K⁺ channels and more transcription factor Sp1 (specificity protein 1) than HEK-293 cells. Inhibition of Sp1 with Sp1 decoy oligonucleotide reduces Kv4.3 K⁺ channel expression in HEK-293T cells. Transfection of pN3-Sp1FL vector increases Sp1 protein expression and results in increased Kv4.3 K⁺ expression in HEK-293 cells. Since the ultimate determinant of the phenotype difference between HEK-293 and HEK-293T cells is the large T-antigen, we conclude that the large T-antigen up-regulates Kv4.3 K⁺ channel expression through an increase in Sp1. In both HEK-293 and HEK-293T cells, inhibition of Kv4.3 K⁺ channels with 4-AP (4-aminopyridine) or Kv4.3 small interfering RNA induces cell apoptosis and necrosis, which are completely rescued by the specific CaMKII (calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II) inhibitor KN-93, suggesting that Kv4.3 K⁺ channels contribute to cell apoptosis and necrosis through CaMKII activation. In summary, we establish: (i) the HEK-293 and HEK-293T cell model for Kv4.3 K⁺ channel study; (ii) that large T-antigen up-regulates Kv4.3 K⁺ channels through increasing Sp1 levels; and (iii) that Kv4.3 K⁺ channels contribute to cell apoptosis and necrosis through activating CaMKII. The present study provides deep insights into the mechanism of the regulation of Kv4.3 K⁺ channels and the role of Kv4.3 K⁺ channels in cell death.
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Comar M, Bonifacio D, Zanconati F, Di Napoli M, Isidoro E, Martini F, Torelli L, Tognon M. High prevalence of BK polyomavirus sequences in human papillomavirus-16-positive precancerous cervical lesions. J Med Virol 2012; 83:1770-6. [PMID: 21837794 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.22184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
High- and low-grade cervical lesions were analyzed for the presence of polyomavirus (PYV) and human papillomavirus (HPV) sequences. In precancerous cervical lesions, the overall prevalence of PYV sequences was 44% (41/93). Specifically, among the PYV-positive samples, 83% (34/41) tested positive for BK polyomavirus (BKV) sequences, whereas 17% (7/41) were positive for JC-virus. None of the samples were positive for simian virus 40. The presence of BKV DNA in high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions was confirmed by in situ PCR. BKV sequences were detected more frequently in high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, together with the genotype HPV-16. The association of BKV with precancerous cervical lesions suggests that this polyomavirus participates with HPV-16 in the cell transformation process. Alternatively, BKV might multiply better in HPV-16-positive cells from precancerous cervical lesions than in HPV-16-negative cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manola Comar
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, and Hygiene and Preventive Medicine Unit, Department of Medical Science, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy, Italy
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The association of transitional cell carcinomas of the bladder (TCB) with Schistosoma haematobium suggested a possible role of infections in the aetiology of TCB. METHODS In all, 114 TCB cases and 140 hospital controls from Pordenone Province were enrolled within an Italian multi-centric case-control study. Urine samples were screened for DNA from five human polyomaviruses (HPyV) (JCV, BKV, MCV, WUV, and KIV); SV40; and 22 mucosal human papillomaviruses (HPV) using highly sensitive PCR assays. Odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding confidence intervals (CIs) were computed for risk of TCB by HPyV- or HPV-positivity using unconditional logistic regression. RESULTS Human polyomavirus prevalence was similar in TCB cases (71.7%) and controls (77.7%) (OR for TCB=0.85; 95% CI: 0.45-1.61). JCV was the most frequently detected HPyV type. No individual HPyV showed a significant association. Among cases, HPyV-positivity was not associated with tumour characteristics, but it was significantly lower in women than men and among current and former smokers than never smokers. Human papillomavirus was detected in seven cases and five controls (OR=1.52; 95% CI: 0.42-5.45). CONCLUSION The present small study does not support an involvement of HPyV or HPV infection in TCB aetiology in immunocompetent individuals. Differences in HPyV-positivity by sex and smoking may derive from differences in either acquisition or persistence of the infection.
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Merkel cell polyomavirus is present in common warts and carcinoma in situ of the skin. Hum Pathol 2010; 41:1369-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2010.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2009] [Revised: 12/26/2009] [Accepted: 01/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Palmieri A, Carinci F, Martinelli M, Spinelli G, Lo Muzio L, Rubini C, Scapoli L. Absence of Simian virus 40, BK, and JC polyomavirus DNA in squamous cell carcinoma limited to the oral cavity. Head Neck 2010; 32:375-80. [PMID: 19626633 DOI: 10.1002/hed.21197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) are among the most aggressive types of cancer. The Simian virus 40 (SV40), which is a polyomavirus known for its oncogenic potential, was found as a contaminant of oral vaccines and has been related to human pleomorphic adenoma in the parotid gland. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of SV40 and 2 human polyomaviruses-BK virus (BKV) and JC virus (JCV)-in a large sample of SCCs of the oral cavity. METHODS Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to evaluate virus load. RESULTS Overall, the prevalence of SV40, BKV, and JCV in oral SCC was negligible. Matched-pair case-control analysis indicated that prevalence among the controls did not significantly differ with respect to analyzed cases. CONCLUSION The results did not indicate a major role for SV40, BKV, and JCV in the etiology of oral SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Palmieri
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, Centre of Molecular Genetics, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Campello C, Comar M, Zanotta N, Minicozzi A, Rodella L, Poli A. Detection of SV40 in colon cancer: A molecular case-control study from Northeast Italy. J Med Virol 2010; 82:1197-200. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.21798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Bofill-Mas S, Rodriguez-Manzano J, Calgua B, Carratala A, Girones R. Newly described human polyomaviruses Merkel cell, KI and WU are present in urban sewage and may represent potential environmental contaminants. Virol J 2010; 7:141. [PMID: 20584272 PMCID: PMC2907336 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-7-141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2009] [Accepted: 06/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, three new polyomaviruses (KI, WU and Merkel cell polyomavirus) have been reported to infect humans. It has also been suggested that lymphotropic polyomavirus, a virus of simian origin, infects humans. KI and WU polyomaviruses have been detected mainly in specimens from the respiratory tract while Merkel cell polyomavirus has been described in a very high percentage of Merkel cell carcinomas. The distribution, excretion level and transmission routes of these viruses remain unknown. Here we analyzed the presence and characteristics of newly described human polyomaviruses in urban sewage and river water in order to assess the excretion level and the potential role of water as a route of transmission of these viruses. Nested-PCR assays were designed for the sensitive detection of the viruses studied and the amplicons obtained were confirmed by sequencing analysis. The viruses were concentrated following a methodology previously developed for the detection of JC and BK human polyomaviruses in environmental samples. JC polyomavirus and human adenoviruses were used as markers of human contamination in the samples. Merkel cell polyomavirus was detected in 7/8 urban sewage samples collected and in 2/7 river water samples. Also one urine sample from a pregnant woman, out of 4 samples analyzed, was positive for this virus. KI and WU polyomaviruses were identified in 1/8 and 2/8 sewage samples respectively. The viral strains detected were highly homologous with other strains reported from several other geographical areas. Lymphotropic polyomavirus was not detected in any of the 13 sewage neither in 9 biosolid/sludge samples analyzed. This is the first description of a virus isolated from sewage and river water with a strong association with cancer. Our data indicate that the Merkel cell polyomavirus is prevalent in the population and that it may be disseminated through the fecal/urine contamination of water. The procedure developed may constitute a useful tool for studying the excreted strains, prevalence and transmission of these recently described polyomaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Bofill-Mas
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Av, Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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Investigation of the prevalence of antibodies against neurotropic polyomaviruses BK, JC and SV40 in sera from patients affected by multiple sclerosis. Neurol Sci 2010; 31:517-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-010-0353-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2008] [Accepted: 06/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Chronic viral infection and primary central nervous system malignancy. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2010; 5:387-403. [PMID: 20387126 PMCID: PMC2914282 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-010-9204-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2009] [Accepted: 03/05/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors cause significant morbidity and mortality in both adults and children. While some of the genetic and molecular mechanisms of neuro-oncogenesis are known, much less is known about possible epigenetic contributions to disease pathophysiology. Over the last several decades, chronic viral infections have been associated with a number of human malignancies. In primary CNS malignancies, two families of viruses, namely polyomavirus and herpesvirus, have been detected with varied frequencies in a number of pediatric and adult histological tumor subtypes. However, establishing a link between chronic viral infection and primary CNS malignancy has been an area of considerable controversy, due in part to variations in detection frequencies and methodologies used among researchers. Since a latent viral neurotropism can be seen with a variety of viruses and a widespread seropositivity exists among the population, it has been difficult to establish an association between viral infection and CNS malignancy based on epidemiology alone. While direct evidence of a role of viruses in neuro-oncogenesis in humans is lacking, a more plausible hypothesis of neuro-oncomodulation has been proposed. The overall goals of this review are to summarize the many human investigations that have studied viral infection in primary CNS tumors, discuss potential neuro-oncomodulatory mechanisms of viral-associated CNS disease and propose future research directions to establish a more firm association between chronic viral infections and primary CNS malignancies.
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Giraud G, Ramqvist T, Pastrana DV, Pavot V, Lindau C, Kogner P, Orrego A, Buck CB, Allander T, Holm S, Gustavsson B, Dalianis T. DNA from KI, WU and Merkel cell polyomaviruses is not detected in childhood central nervous system tumours or neuroblastomas. PLoS One 2009; 4:e8239. [PMID: 20011509 PMCID: PMC2785879 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2009] [Accepted: 11/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND BK and JC polyomaviruses (BKV and JCV) are potentially oncogenic and have in the past inconclusively been associated with tumours of the central nervous system (CNS), while BKV has been hinted, but not confirmed to be associated with neuroblastomas. Recently three new polyomaviruses (KIPyV, WUPyV and MCPyV) were identified in humans. So far KIPyV and WUPyV have not been associated to human diseases, while MCPyV was discovered in Merkel Cell carcinomas and may have neuroepithelial cell tropism. However, all three viruses can be potentially oncogenic and this compelled us to investigate for their presence in childhood CNS and neuroblastomas. METHODOLOGY The presence of KI, WU and MCPyV DNA was analysed, by a joint WU and KI specific PCR (covering part of VP1) and by a MCPyV specific regular and real time quantitative PCR (covering part of Large T) in 25 CNS tumour biopsies and 31 neuroblastoma biopsies from the Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden. None of the three new human polyomaviruses were found to be associated with any of the tumours, despite the presence of PCR amplifiable DNA assayed by a S14 housekeeping gene PCR. CONCLUSION In this pilot study, the presence of MCPyV, KI and WU was not observed in childhood CNS tumours and neuroblastomas. Nonetheless, we suggest that additional data are warranted in tumours of the central and peripheral nervous systems and we do not exclude that other still not yet detected polyomaviruses could be present in these tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Géraldine Giraud
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Yogo Y, Sugimoto C, Zhong S, Homma Y. Evolution of the BK polyomavirus: epidemiological, anthropological and clinical implications. Rev Med Virol 2009; 19:185-99. [PMID: 19530118 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BK polyomavirus (BKV) is essentially ubiquitous in all human populations worldwide. Asymptomatic infection with this virus occurs during early childhood, leading to life-long persistence in the kidney. BKV has four subtypes that can be identified using serological and genotyping methods. The evolutionary aspects of BKV have remained poorly understood due to the limited availability of BKV genomes, since urinary excretion of BKV DNA is detected primarily in immunocompromised individuals. However, we have found that BKV DNA sequences can often be amplified from non-immunocompromised elderly individuals, using a highly sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with highly concentrated urinary DNA as the source of viral DNA. Using this approach, we have PCR-amplified and sequenced a large number of partial and complete BKV genomes from various human populations worldwide and conducted a series of evolutionary studies using these sequences. We have shown that subtypes I and IV evolved into four and six subgroups, respectively, with each having a close relationship with a particular human population. In addition, we have provided evidence supporting the hypothesis that BKV strains with the archetypal transcriptional control region (TCR) circulate in the human population. In this review, we describe these findings and discuss their epidemiological, anthropological and clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Yogo
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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Goodwin EC, Atwood WJ, DiMaio D. High-throughput cell-based screen for chemicals that inhibit infection by simian virus 40 and human polyomaviruses. J Virol 2009; 83:5630-9. [PMID: 19297472 PMCID: PMC2681952 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00203-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2009] [Accepted: 03/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed a high-throughput, cell-based screen to identify chemicals that inhibit infection by the primate polyomaviruses. The screen is based on the detection of compounds that inhibit the ability of a replication-defective simian virus 40 (SV40)-based viral vector to cause growth arrest in HeLa cells by repressing the expression of the endogenous human papillomavirus E7 oncogene in these cells. We identified two compounds, ellagic acid and spiperone, that suppressed the ability of the SV40 recombinant virus to inhibit cellular DNA synthesis. These compounds caused a marked reduction of the ability of wild-type SV40 to productively infect permissive monkey cells, even when the compounds were added several hours after infection. The fraction of cells expressing SV40 large T antigen and the levels of T antigen mRNA were reduced in infected human and monkey cells treated with ellagic acid and spiperone, suggesting that these compounds block a step in the virus life cycle prior to SV40 early gene expression. Ellagic acid and spiperone also inhibited large T antigen expression by BK virus and JC virus, two important, pathogenic human polyomaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward C Goodwin
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8005, USA
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Alterations of the plasma membrane caused by murine polyomavirus proliferation: an electrorotation study. J Membr Biol 2009; 229:19-25. [PMID: 19430712 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-009-9172-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2009] [Accepted: 04/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In this report we investigate the alterations of the dielectric properties of the plasma membrane caused by the infection of cultured fibroblasts with murine polyomavirus. The approach consists in a well-established dielectric spectroscopy technique, electrorotation, which has been successfully used in our laboratory to study the alterations of the plasma membrane of cells exposed to various forms of stress. The response to viral proliferation was time dependent as shown by evaluation of the de novo synthesis of viral DNA. This response was paralleled by gradual damage of the membrane evidenced by alteration of the dielectric parameters, specific capacitance and conductance. The electrorotation results show a reduced effect on the dielectric properties of the membrane when infection is carried out in the presence of a natural oil (MEX). In this case a drastic reduction in viral DNA synthesis was also monitored, thus indicating an antiviral action of this product.
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BK virus and human cancer: innocent until proven guilty. Semin Cancer Biol 2009; 19:252-60. [PMID: 19505653 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2009.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2008] [Revised: 02/06/2009] [Accepted: 02/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BK virus (BKV) is a polyomavirus that ubiquitously infects the human population. Following a typically subclinical primary infection, BKV establishes a life-long persistent infection in the kidney and urinary tract. BKV is known to reactivate and cause severe disease in immunosuppressed patients, particularly renal and bone marrow transplant patients. Infection of BKV in rodent animal models or cells in culture often results in tumor formation or transformation, respectively. When co-expressed with activated oncogenes, BKV large tumor antigen drives the transformation of primary human cells. An etiological role of BKV in human cancer, however, remains controversial. Multiple reports have demonstrated conflicting results in regards to the presence of BKV sequences and/or proteins in various tumor types. This review compiles the most recent findings of BKV detection in a number of human cancers. Due to the lack of conclusive causality data from these studies, there does not appear to be a definitive association between BKV and human cancers.
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Jiang M, Abend JR, Johnson SF, Imperiale MJ. The role of polyomaviruses in human disease. Virology 2008; 384:266-73. [PMID: 18995875 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2008.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2008] [Accepted: 09/30/2008] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The human polyomaviruses, BK virus and JC virus, have long been associated with serious diseases including polyomavirus nephropathy and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Both viruses establish ubiquitous, persistent infections in healthy individuals. Reactivation can occur when the immune system is impaired, leading to disease progression. Recently, the human polyomavirus family has expanded with the identification of three new viruses (KI, WU and Merkel cell polyomavirus), all of which may prove to be involved in human disease. This review describes the general aspects of human polyomavirus infections and pathogenicity. Current topics of investigation and future directions in the field are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxi Jiang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, 48109, USA
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Tennant MR, Miyamoto MM. The role of the medical librarian in the basic biological sciences: a case study in virology and evolution. J Med Libr Assoc 2008; 96:290-8. [PMID: 18974807 DOI: 10.3163/1536-5050.96.4.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michele R Tennant
- Health Science Center Libraries and University of Florida Genetics Institute, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100206, Gainesville, FL 32610-0206, USA.
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DNA from BK virus and JC virus and from KI, WU, and MC polyomaviruses as well as from simian virus 40 is not detected in non-UV-light-associated primary malignant melanomas of mucous membranes. J Clin Microbiol 2008; 46:3595-8. [PMID: 18768658 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01635-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The single most important causative factor for malignant melanomas of the skin is UV radiation. However, this is not true for melanomas on body surfaces sheltered from the sun; thus, it is important to seek new causative factors of melanoma genesis. Human papillomaviruses and gammaherpesviruses are associated with human skin cancer; for example, human papillomavirus types 5 and 8 are associated with epidermodysplasia verruciformis, and human herpesvirus 8 is associated with Kaposi's sarcoma. Recently, a newly described human polyomavirus, Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV), has been associated with Merkel cell carcinoma, an unusual form of neurotropic skin cancer. Moreover, melanocytes are of neuroepithelial origin. This background impelled us to investigate if human polyomavirus DNA could play a role in the development of extracutaneous melanomas. Sixty-four extracutaneous melanomas were initially collected and dissected. Of these, 38 could be successfully used for further testing for the presence of the five human polyomaviruses known so far-BK virus (BKV), JC virus (JCV), KI polyomavirus (KIPyV), WU polyomavirus (WUPyV), and MCPyV-and of simian virus 40 (SV40). No polyomavirus DNA could be detected in any of the samples tested by use of a nested PCR detecting BKV, JCV, and SV40; a newly designed PCR detecting KIPyV and WUPyV; or a newly designed PCR for MCPyV. We conclude that since no human polyomavirus DNA was detected in primary malignant melanomas on non-sun-exposed body surfaces, these polyomaviruses presumably are not major factors for the development of extracutaneous melanomas.
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