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Bahmanpour A, Ghoreishian SM, Sepahvandi A. Electromagnetic Modulation of Cell Behavior: Unraveling the Positive Impacts in a Comprehensive Review. Ann Biomed Eng 2024; 52:1941-1954. [PMID: 38652384 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-024-03519-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
There are numerous effective procedures for cell signaling, in which humans directly transmit detectable signals to cells to govern their essential behaviors. From a biomedical perspective, the cellular response to the combined influence of electrical and magnetic fields holds significant promise in various domains, such as cancer treatment, targeted drug delivery, gene therapy, and wound healing. Among these modern cell signaling methods, electromagnetic fields (EMFs) play a pivotal role; however, there remains a paucity of knowledge concerning the effects of EMFs across all wavelengths. It's worth noting that most wavelengths are incompatible with human cells, and as such, this study excludes them from consideration. In this review, we aim to comprehensively explore the most effective and current EMFs, along with their therapeutic impacts on various cell types. Specifically, we delve into the influence of alternating electromagnetic fields (AEMFs) on diverse cell behaviors, encompassing proliferation, differentiation, biomineralization, cell death, and cell migration. Our findings underscore the substantial potential of these pivotal cellular behaviors in advancing the treatment of numerous diseases. Moreover, AEMFs wield a significant role in the realms of biomaterials and tissue engineering, given their capacity to decisively influence biomaterials, facilitate non-invasive procedures, ensure biocompatibility, and exhibit substantial efficacy. It is worth mentioning that AEMFs often serve as a last-resort treatment option for various diseases. Much about electromagnetic fields remains a mystery to the scientific community, and we have yet to unravel the precise mechanisms through which wavelengths control cellular fate. Consequently, our understanding and knowledge in this domain predominantly stem from repeated experiments yielding similar effects. In the ensuing sections of this article, we delve deeper into our extended experiments and research.
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Sendera A, Adamczyk-Grochala J, Pikuła B, Cholewa M, Banaś-Ząbczyk A. Electromagnetic field (50 Hz) enhance metabolic potential and induce adaptive/reprogramming response mediated by the increase of N6-methyladenosine RNA methylation in adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. Toxicol In Vitro 2024; 95:105743. [PMID: 38040129 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electromagnetic fields (EMF) have an impact on numerous cellular processes. It can positively and negatively affect adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) thus their fate through the influence of specific factors and protein secretion. EMF can be a great factor for preconditioning ASCs for regenerative medicine purposes, however, understanding the cell's biological response to its effects in vitro is essential. METHODS ASCs were exposed to the EMF (50 Hz; 1.5 mT) for 24 and 48 h, and then cell biological response was analyzed. RESULTS 24 h exposure of ASCs to EMF, significantly increased N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation, indicating epitranscriptomic changes as an important factor in ASCs preconditioning. Furthermore, the expression of stem cell markers such as Nanog, Oct-4, Sox-2, CD44, and CD105 increased after 24 h of EMF exposure. Besides, western blot analysis showed upregulation of p21 and DNMT2/TRDMT1 protein levels compared to control cells with no differences in the p53 profile. Moreover, after 24 h of exposure to EMF, cell membrane flexibility, the metabolic potential of cells as well as the distribution, morphology, and metabolism of mitochondria were altered. CONCLUSION ASCs undergo a process of mobilization and adaptation under the EMF influence through the increased m6A RNA modifications. These conditions may "force" ASCs to redefine their stem cell fate mediated by RNA-modifying enzymes and alter their reprogramming decision of as differentiation begins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sendera
- Department of Biology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Jagoda Adamczyk-Grochala
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Barbara Pikuła
- Department of Biology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Marian Cholewa
- Institute of Physics, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Banaś-Ząbczyk
- Department of Biology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, Rzeszow, Poland.
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Ma T, Ding Q, Liu C, Wu H. Electromagnetic fields regulate calcium-mediated cell fate of stem cells: osteogenesis, chondrogenesis and apoptosis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:133. [PMID: 37194107 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03303-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Electromagnetic fields (EMF) are increasing in popularity as a safe and non-invasive therapy. On the one hand, it is widely acknowledged that EMF can regulate the proliferation and differentiation of stem cells, promoting the undifferentiated cells capable of osteogenesis, angiogenesis, and chondroblast differentiation to achieve bone repair purpose. On the other hand, EMF can inhibit tumor stem cells proliferation and promote apoptosis to suppress tumor growth. As an essential second messenger, intracellular calcium plays a role in regulating cell cycle, such as proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. There is increasing evidence that the modulation of intracellular calcium ion by EMF leads to differential outcomes in different stem cells. This review summarizes the regulation of channels, transporters, and ion pumps by EMF-induced calcium oscillations. It furtherly discusses the role of molecules and pathways activated by EMF-dependent calcium oscillations in promoting bone and cartilage repair and inhibiting tumor stem cells growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Ma
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Qing Ding
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Chaoxu Liu
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Hua Wu
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) induces alterations in epigenetic regulation in the myometrium - An in vitro study. Theriogenology 2023; 200:136-146. [PMID: 36806924 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Previous research by the authors indicated that an extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) evokes molecular alterations in the porcine myometrium. It was hypothesized that the ELF-EMF could induce alterations in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression in the myometrium. In the current study, slices of the porcine myometrium during the peri-implantation period (n = 4) were used for further in vitro exposition to ELF-EMF (50 Hz, 8 mT, 2 h treatment duration). The study tested whether the ELF-EMF may affect: 1/the expression of DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) and DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 3a (DNMT3a), 2/the level of genomic DNA methylation, and 3/the level of amplification of methylated and unmethylated variants of promoter regions of selected genes with altered expression in response to ELF-EMF. It was found that ELF-EMF treatment increased DNMT1, decreased DNMT3a mRNA transcript and protein abundance, and increased the level of genomic DNA methylation. The direction of alterations in the level of amplification of methylated and unmethylated variants of the promoter region of selected genes with altered expression, i.e. prodynorphin (PDYN), interleukin 15 (IL15) signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and between down-regulated genes were early growth response 2 (EGR2), hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 1 (HAPLN1), and uteroferrin associated basic protein-2 (UABP2), mostly involving the direction of changes in their transcriptional activity, which was evaluated in a previous study by the authors. Thus, ELF-EMF radiation disturbs epigenetic mechanisms, which may underlay ELF-EMF-related transcriptomic alterations in the myometrium.
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Zhao H, Liu C, Liu Y, Ding Q, Wang T, Li H, Wu H, Ma T. Harnessing electromagnetic fields to assist bone tissue engineering. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:7. [PMID: 36631880 PMCID: PMC9835389 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03217-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering (BTE) emerged as one of the exceptional means for bone defects owing to it providing mechanical supports to guide bone tissue regeneration. Great advances have been made to facilitate the success of BTE in regenerating bone within defects. The use of externally applied fields has been regarded as an alternative strategy for BTE. Electromagnetic fields (EMFs), known as a simple and non-invasive therapy, can remotely provide electric and magnetic stimulation to cells and biomaterials, thus applying EMFs to assist BTE would be a promising strategy for bone regeneration. When combined with BTE, EMFs improve cell adhesion to the material surface by promoting protein adsorption. Additionally, EMFs have positive effects on mesenchymal stem cells and show capabilities of pro-angiogenesis and macrophage polarization manipulation. These advantages of EMFs indicate that it is perfectly suitable for representing the adjuvant treatment of BTE. We also summarize studies concerning combinations of EMFs and diverse biomaterial types. The strategy of combining EMFs and BTE receives encouraging outcomes and holds a promising future for effectively treating bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqi Zhao
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
| | - Chaoxu Liu
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
| | - Yang Liu
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
| | - Qing Ding
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
| | - Tianqi Wang
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
| | - Hao Li
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
| | - Hua Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Tian Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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Safavi AS, Sendera A, Haghighipour N, Banas-Zabczyk A. The Role of Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields on Mesenchymal Stem Cells Differentiation: A Systematic Review. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2022; 19:1147-1160. [PMID: 36042129 PMCID: PMC9679119 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-022-00473-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-frequency electromagnetic fields (EMFs) influence biological processes. This present study was aimed at the scientific literature on the use of EMFs in the mesenchymal stem cell differentiation process. MATERIALS AND METHODS The electronic search was carried out in PubMed and Web of Science, a database with a combination of the sinusoidal and pulsed low- and extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields stimulation and mesenchymal stem cells differentiation, considering the period of publication until December 2021. The literature search identified 118 references in PubMed and Web of Science of which 46 articles were selected, respectively, according to the eligibility requirements. CONCLUSION The analysis of research indicated that EMFs are an easy-to-apply and practical way in cell therapy and tissue engineering when regulation of stem cells is required. Studies have shown that EMFs have positive effects on stem cell differentiation, accelerating its process regardless of the parameters and type of stem cells. However, the exact amplitude, frequency, duration of the electrical field, and application method remain elusive and need more study in future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atiyeh Sadat Safavi
- National Cell Bank of Iran, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Anna Sendera
- Department of Biology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszow, Poland
| | | | - Agnieszka Banas-Zabczyk
- Department of Biology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszow, Poland.
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Filippi M, Garello F, Yasa O, Kasamkattil J, Scherberich A, Katzschmann RK. Engineered Magnetic Nanocomposites to Modulate Cellular Function. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2104079. [PMID: 34741417 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202104079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have various applications in biomedicine, including imaging, drug delivery and release, genetic modification, cell guidance, and patterning. By combining MNPs with polymers, magnetic nanocomposites (MNCs) with diverse morphologies (core-shell particles, matrix-dispersed particles, microspheres, etc.) can be generated. These MNCs retain the ability of MNPs to be controlled remotely using external magnetic fields. While the effects of these biomaterials on the cell biology are still poorly understood, such information can help the biophysical modulation of various cellular functions, including proliferation, adhesion, and differentiation. After recalling the basic properties of MNPs and polymers, and describing their coassembly into nanocomposites, this review focuses on how polymeric MNCs can be used in several ways to affect cell behavior. A special emphasis is given to 3D cell culture models and transplantable grafts, which are used for regenerative medicine, underlining the impact of MNCs in regulating stem cell differentiation and engineering living tissues. Recent advances in the use of MNCs for tissue regeneration are critically discussed, particularly with regard to their prospective involvement in human therapy and in the construction of advanced functional materials such as magnetically operated biomedical robots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Filippi
- Soft Robotics Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Francesca Garello
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - Oncay Yasa
- Soft Robotics Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Jesil Kasamkattil
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, Basel, 4031, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud Scherberich
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, Basel, 4031, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Gewerbestrasse 14, Allschwil, 4123, Switzerland
| | - Robert K Katzschmann
- Soft Robotics Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
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Noga BR, Guest JD. Combined neuromodulatory approaches in the central nervous system for treatment of spinal cord injury. Curr Opin Neurol 2021; 34:804-811. [PMID: 34593718 PMCID: PMC8595808 DOI: 10.1097/wco.0000000000000999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To report progress in neuromodulation following spinal cord injury (SCI) using combined brain and spinal neuromodulation.Neuromodulation refers to alterations in neuronal activity for therapeutic purposes. Beneficial effects are established in disease states such as Parkinson's Disease (PD), chronic pain, epilepsy, and SCI. The repertoire of neuromodulation and bioelectric medicine is rapidly expanding. After SCI, cohort studies have reported the benefits of epidural stimulation (ES) combined with training. Recently, we have explored combining ES with deep brain stimulation (DBS) to increase activation of descending motor systems to address limitations of ES in severe SCI. In this review, we describe the types of applied neuromodulation that could be combined in SCI to amplify efficacy to enable movement. These include ES, mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) - DBS, noninvasive transcutaneous stimulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation, paired-pulse paradigms, and neuromodulatory drugs. We examine immediate and longer-term effects and what is known about: (1) induced neuroplastic changes, (2) potential safety concerns; (3) relevant outcome measures; (4) optimization of stimulation; (5) therapeutic limitations and prospects to overcome these. RECENT FINDINGS DBS of the mesencephalic locomotor region is emerging as a potential clinical target to amplify supraspinal command circuits for locomotion. SUMMARY Combinations of neuromodulatory methods may have additive value for restoration of function after spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian R Noga
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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Hassanpour Tamrin S, Sanati Nezhad A, Sen A. Label-Free Isolation of Exosomes Using Microfluidic Technologies. ACS NANO 2021; 15:17047-17079. [PMID: 34723478 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c03469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are cell-derived structures packaged with lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. They exist in diverse bodily fluids and are involved in physiological and pathological processes. Although their potential for clinical application as diagnostic and therapeutic tools has been revealed, a huge bottleneck impeding the development of applications in the rapidly burgeoning field of exosome research is an inability to efficiently isolate pure exosomes from other unwanted components present in bodily fluids. To date, several approaches have been proposed and investigated for exosome separation, with the leading candidate being microfluidic technology due to its relative simplicity, cost-effectiveness, precise and fast processing at the microscale, and amenability to automation. Notably, avoiding the need for exosome labeling represents a significant advance in terms of process simplicity, time, and cost as well as protecting the biological activities of exosomes. Despite the exciting progress in microfluidic strategies for exosome isolation and the countless benefits of label-free approaches for clinical applications, current microfluidic platforms for isolation of exosomes are still facing a series of problems and challenges that prevent their use for clinical sample processing. This review focuses on the recent microfluidic platforms developed for label-free isolation of exosomes including those based on sieving, deterministic lateral displacement, field flow, and pinched flow fractionation as well as viscoelastic, acoustic, inertial, electrical, and centrifugal forces. Further, we discuss advantages and disadvantages of these strategies with highlights of current challenges and outlook of label-free microfluidics toward the clinical utility of exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Hassanpour Tamrin
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, CCIT 125, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Amir Sanati Nezhad
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, CCIT 125, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
- Center for Bioengineering Research and Education, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Arindom Sen
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
- Center for Bioengineering Research and Education, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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Trzyna A, Bądziul DB, Jakubczyk P, Bocak DS, Cholewa M, Banaś-Ząbczyk A. The Dynamic(s) of Adipose Stem Cell System, Their Survival, and Cessation under the Influence of Electromagnetic Fields. J Med Phys 2021; 46:148-153. [PMID: 34703098 PMCID: PMC8491311 DOI: 10.4103/jmp.jmp_10_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Context The electromagnetic field (EMF) is one of the external biophysical factors that can influence stem cells' structure and functionality. Depending on its frequency and magnetic flux density, EMF can have both a positive and negative effect on stem cell biology. Aims: The aim of the study is to define EMF conditions that support beneficial physiological processes and those that lead to pathophysiological phenomena. Understanding the changes and processes occurring in stem cells after exposure to EMFs of different parameters can be an important factor to be applied in stem cell-based therapies and regenerative medicine. Materials and Methods: In this study, using fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry methods, the influence of EMF on adipose-derived stem cells proliferation, cell cycle, viability, and death were examined. EMF parameters were set in accordance with the ion cyclotron resonance (ICR) theory that influences Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions influx. Results were statistically developed using the ANOVA and effect size (Cohen's d) analyses. Results In this study, the continuous exposure of adipose-derived stem cells to EMF (ICR parameters: 76.6 Hz; 20 μT) causes a statistically significant increase in cell death through the enhancement of apoptotic, necrotic, and autophagic cell numbers. Apart from increased cell deaths after EMF exposure, increased proliferation after 24 h of EMF exposure has been also observed. Conclusions Results presented in this study show that EMF influences stem cell dynamics resulting in a significantly increased cell death, thus altering the stem cell fate. It is important to further establish EMF conditions that support ASCs functioning and beneficial physiological processes for future regenerative medical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Trzyna
- Department of Biology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Dorota B Bądziul
- Department of Biology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Paweł Jakubczyk
- Institute of Physics, College of Natural Sciences, Rzeszow University, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Damian S Bocak
- Institute of Physics, College of Natural Sciences, Rzeszow University, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Marian Cholewa
- Institute of Physics, College of Natural Sciences, Rzeszow University, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Banaś-Ząbczyk
- Department of Biology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, Rzeszow, Poland
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Yang P, Rhea PR, Conway T, Nookala S, Hegde V, Gagea M, Ajami NJ, Harribance SL, Ochoa J, Sastry JK, Cohen L. Human Biofield Therapy Modulates Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Stemness in Mouse Lung Carcinoma. Integr Cancer Ther 2021; 19:1534735420940398. [PMID: 32975128 PMCID: PMC7522816 DOI: 10.1177/1534735420940398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have demonstrated that purported biofield therapy emitted from humans can inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells and suppress tumor growth in various cancers. We explored the effects of biofield therapy on tumor growth in the Lewis lung carcinoma and expanded mechanistic outcomes. We found biofield therapy did not inhibit tumor growth. However, the experimental (Ex) condition exposed tumors had a significantly higher percentage of necrosis (24.4 ± 6.8%) compared with that of the Control condition (6.5 ± 2.7%; P < .02) and cleaved caspase-3 positive cells were almost 2.3-fold higher (P < .05). Similarly, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes profiling showed that CD8+/CD45+ immune cell population was significantly increased by 2.7-fold in Ex condition (P < .01) whereas the number of intratumoral FoxP3+/CD4+ (T-reg cells) was 30.4% lower than that of the Control group (P = .01), leading to a significant 3.1-fold increase in the ratio of CD8+/T-reg cells (P < .01). Additionally, there was a 51% lower level of strongly stained CD68+ cells (P < .01), 57.9% lower level of F4/80high/CD206+ (M2 macrophages; P < .02) and a significant 1.8-fold increase of the ratio of M1/M2 macrophages (P < .02). Furthermore, Ex exposure resulted in a 15% reduction of stem cell marker CD44 and a significant 33% reduction of SOX2 compared with that of the Controls (P < .02). The Ex group also engaged in almost 50% less movement throughout the session than the Controls. These findings suggest that exposure to purported biofields from a human is capable of enhancing cancer cell death, in part mediated through modification of the tumor microenvironment and stemness of tumor cells in mouse Lewis lung carcinoma model. Future research should focus on defining the optimal treatment duration, replication with different biofield therapists, and exploring the mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiying Yang
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Patrea R Rhea
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tara Conway
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sita Nookala
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Venkatesh Hegde
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mihai Gagea
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nadim J Ajami
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Jewel Ochoa
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Lorenzo Cohen
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Schuermann D, Mevissen M. Manmade Electromagnetic Fields and Oxidative Stress-Biological Effects and Consequences for Health. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073772. [PMID: 33917298 PMCID: PMC8038719 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Concomitant with the ever-expanding use of electrical appliances and mobile communication systems, public and occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF) in the extremely-low-frequency and radiofrequency range has become a widely debated environmental risk factor for health. Radiofrequency (RF) EMF and extremely-low-frequency (ELF) MF have been classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B) by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), potentially leading to cellular or systemic oxidative stress, was frequently found to be influenced by EMF exposure in animals and cells. In this review, we summarize key experimental findings on oxidative stress related to EMF exposure from animal and cell studies of the last decade. The observations are discussed in the context of molecular mechanisms and functionalities relevant to health such as neurological function, genome stability, immune response, and reproduction. Most animal and many cell studies showed increased oxidative stress caused by RF-EMF and ELF-MF. In order to estimate the risk for human health by manmade exposure, experimental studies in humans and epidemiological studies need to be considered as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Schuermann
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (D.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Meike Mevissen
- Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Laenggassstrasse 124, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (D.S.); (M.M.)
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Lv
- Mechanobiology and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
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14
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Harwansh RK, Deshmukh R, Barkat MA, Rahman MA. Bioinspired Polymeric-based Core-shell Smart Nano-systems. Pharm Nanotechnol 2019; 7:181-205. [PMID: 31486750 DOI: 10.2174/2211738507666190429104550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Smart nanosystems (SNs) have the potential to revolutionize drug delivery. Conventional drug delivery systems have poor drug-loading, early burst release, limited therapeutic effects, etc. Thus, to overcome these problems, researchers have taken advantage of the host-guest interactions as bioinspired nanosystems which can deliver nanocarriers more efficiently with the maximum drug loading capacity and improved therapeutic efficacy as well as bioavailability. SNs employ nanomaterials to form cage molecules by entrapping new nanocarriers called smart nanosystems in their cargo and design. The activities of SNs are based on responsive materials that interact with the stimuli either by changing their properties or conformational structures. The aptitude of living systems to respond to stimuli and process information has encouraged researchers to build up integrated nanosystems exhibiting similar function and therapeutic response. Various smart materials, including polymers, have been exhaustively employed in fabricating different stimuli-responsive nanosystems which can deliver bioactive molecules to a specific site for a certain period with minimal side effects. SNs have been widely explored to deliver diverse kinds of therapeutic agents ranging from bioactive compounds, genes, and biopharmaceuticals like proteins and peptides, to diagnostic imaging agents for biomedical applications. Nanotechnology-based different nanosystems are promising for health care issues. The advancement of SNs with physical science and engineering technology in synthesizing nanostructures and their physicochemical characterization should be exploited in medicine and healthcare for reducing mortality rate, morbidity, disease prevalence and general societal burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjit K Harwansh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura -281406, India
| | - Rohitas Deshmukh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura -281406, India
| | - Md Abul Barkat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, K.R. Mangalam University, Sohna, Gurgaon, India
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15
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Phelps J, Sanati-Nezhad A, Ungrin M, Duncan NA, Sen A. Bioprocessing of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Derivatives: Toward Cell-Free Therapeutics. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:9415367. [PMID: 30275839 PMCID: PMC6157150 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9415367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have attracted tremendous research interest due to their ability to repair tissues and reduce inflammation when implanted into a damaged or diseased site. These therapeutic effects have been largely attributed to the collection of biomolecules they secrete (i.e., their secretome). Recent studies have provided evidence that similar effects may be produced by utilizing only the secretome fraction containing extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are cell-derived, membrane-bound vesicles that contain various biomolecules. Due to their small size and relative mobility, they provide a stable mechanism to deliver biomolecules (i.e., biological signals) throughout an organism. The use of the MSC secretome, or its components, has advantages over the implantation of the MSCs themselves: (i) signals can be bioengineered and scaled to specific dosages, and (ii) the nonliving nature of the secretome enables it to be efficiently stored and transported. However, since the composition and therapeutic benefit of the secretome can be influenced by cell source, culture conditions, isolation methods, and storage conditions, there is a need for standardization of bioprocessing parameters. This review focuses on key parameters within the MSC culture environment that affect the nature and functionality of the secretome. This information is pertinent to the development of bioprocesses aimed at scaling up the production of secretome-derived products for their use as therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolene Phelps
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 1N4
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Amir Sanati-Nezhad
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 1N4
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 1N4
- Center for Bioengineering Research and Education, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Mark Ungrin
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 1N4
- Center for Bioengineering Research and Education, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 1N4
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Heritage Medical Research Building, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive N.W., Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4N1
| | - Neil A. Duncan
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 1N4
- Center for Bioengineering Research and Education, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 1N4
- Musculoskeletal Mechanobiology and Multiscale Mechanics Bioengineering Lab, Department of Civil Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Arindom Sen
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 1N4
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 1N4
- Center for Bioengineering Research and Education, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 1N4
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16
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Geraili A, Jafari P, Hassani MS, Araghi BH, Mohammadi MH, Ghafari AM, Tamrin SH, Modarres HP, Kolahchi AR, Ahadian S, Sanati-Nezhad A. Controlling Differentiation of Stem Cells for Developing Personalized Organ-on-Chip Platforms. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7. [PMID: 28910516 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Organ-on-chip (OOC) platforms have attracted attentions of pharmaceutical companies as powerful tools for screening of existing drugs and development of new drug candidates. OOCs have primarily used human cell lines or primary cells to develop biomimetic tissue models. However, the ability of human stem cells in unlimited self-renewal and differentiation into multiple lineages has made them attractive for OOCs. The microfluidic technology has enabled precise control of stem cell differentiation using soluble factors, biophysical cues, and electromagnetic signals. This study discusses different tissue- and organ-on-chip platforms (i.e., skin, brain, blood-brain barrier, bone marrow, heart, liver, lung, tumor, and vascular), with an emphasis on the critical role of stem cells in the synthesis of complex tissues. This study further recaps the design, fabrication, high-throughput performance, and improved functionality of stem-cell-based OOCs, technical challenges, obstacles against implementing their potential applications, and future perspectives related to different experimental platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Geraili
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering; Sharif University of Technology; Azadi, Tehran 14588-89694 Iran
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering; Western University; London N6A 5B9 ON Canada
| | - Parya Jafari
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering; Western University; London N6A 5B9 ON Canada
- Department of Electrical Engineering; Sharif University of Technology; Azadi, Tehran 14588-89694 Iran
| | - Mohsen Sheikh Hassani
- Department of Systems and Computer Engineering; Carleton University; 1125 Colonel By Drive Ottawa K1S 5B6 ON Canada
| | - Behnaz Heidary Araghi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Sharif University of Technology; Azadi, Tehran 14588-89694 Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Mohammadi
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto ON M5S 3G9 Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario M5S 3E5 Canada
| | - Amir Mohammad Ghafari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology; Cell Science Research Center; Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology; Tehran 16635-148 Iran
| | - Sara Hasanpour Tamrin
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory (BioM); Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering; University of Calgary; 2500 University Drive N.W. Calgary T2N 1N4 AB Canada
| | - Hassan Pezeshgi Modarres
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory (BioM); Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering; University of Calgary; 2500 University Drive N.W. Calgary T2N 1N4 AB Canada
| | - Ahmad Rezaei Kolahchi
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory (BioM); Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering; University of Calgary; 2500 University Drive N.W. Calgary T2N 1N4 AB Canada
| | - Samad Ahadian
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto ON M5S 3G9 Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario M5S 3E5 Canada
| | - Amir Sanati-Nezhad
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory (BioM); Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering; University of Calgary; 2500 University Drive N.W. Calgary T2N 1N4 AB Canada
- Center for Bioengineering Research and Education; Biomedical Engineering Program; University of Calgary; Calgary T2N 1N4 AB Canada
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