1
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Taylor JT, Tozer DJ, Curchod BFE. On the Topological Phase around Conical Intersections with Tamm-Dancoff Linear-Response Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:5314-5320. [PMID: 38919046 PMCID: PMC11247484 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c02503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Regions of nuclear-configuration space away from the Franck-Condon geometry can prove problematic for some electronic structure methods, given the propensity of such regions to possess conical intersections, i.e., (highly connected) points of degeneracy between potential energy surfaces. With the likelihood (perhaps even inevitability) for nonadiabatic dynamics simulations to explore molecular geometries in close proximity to conical intersections, it is vital that the performance of electronic structure methods is routinely examined in this context. In a recent paper [Taylor, J. T. J. Chem. Phys. 2023, 159, 214115.], the ability of linear-response time-dependent density functional theory within the adiabatic approximation (AA LR-TDDFT) to provide a proper description of conical intersections, in terms of their topology and topography, was investigated, with particular attention paid to conical intersections between two excited electronic states. For the same prototypical molecules, protonated formaldimine and pyrazine, we herein consider whether AA LR-TDDFT can correctly reproduce the topological phase accumulated by the adiabatic electronic wave function upon traversing a closed path around an excited-to-excited state conical intersection despite not using the appropriate quadratic-response nonadiabatic coupling vectors. Equally, we probe the ability of the ground-to-excited state intersection ring exhibited by AA LR-TDDFT in protonated formaldimine to give rise to a similar topological phase in spite of its incorrect dimensionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack T. Taylor
- Department
of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Tozer
- Department
of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Basile F. E. Curchod
- Centre
for Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
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2
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Taylor JT, Tozer DJ, Curchod BFE. On the description of conical intersections between excited electronic states with LR-TDDFT and ADC(2). J Chem Phys 2023; 159:214115. [PMID: 38059547 DOI: 10.1063/5.0176140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Conical intersections constitute the conceptual bedrock of our working understanding of ultrafast, nonadiabatic processes within photochemistry (and photophysics). Accurate calculation of potential energy surfaces within the vicinity of conical intersections, however, still poses a serious challenge to many popular electronic structure methods. Multiple works have reported on the deficiency of methods like linear-response time-dependent density functional theory within the adiabatic approximation (AA LR-TDDFT) or algebraic diagrammatic construction to second-order [ADC(2)]-approaches often used in excited-state molecular dynamics simulations-to describe conical intersections between the ground and excited electronic states. In the present study, we focus our attention on conical intersections between excited electronic states and probe the ability of AA LR-TDDFT and ADC(2) to describe their topology and topography, using protonated formaldimine and pyrazine as two exemplar molecules. We also take the opportunity to revisit the performance of these methods in describing conical intersections involving the ground electronic state in protonated formaldimine-highlighting in particular how the intersection ring exhibited by AA LR-TDDFT can be perceived either as a (near-to-linear) seam of intersection or two interpenetrating cones, depending on the magnitude of molecular distortions within the branching space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack T Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - David J Tozer
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Basile F E Curchod
- Centre for Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
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3
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Dillon AD, Gieseking RLM. Convergence of Time-Derivative Nonadiabatic Couplings in Plane-Wave DFT Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:9612-9620. [PMID: 37924298 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c04858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Accurate prediction of charge carrier relaxation rates is essential to design molecules and materials with the desired photochemical properties for applications like photocatalysis and solar energy conversion. Nonadiabatic molecular dynamics allows one to simulate the relaxation process of excited charge carriers. Plane-wave density functional theory (DFT) calculations make the time-derivative nonadiabatic couplings (TNACs) simple to compute because the basis is independent of the atomic positions. However, the effect of the kinetic energy cutoff for the plane-wave basis on the accuracy of the dynamics has not been studied. Here, we examine the effect of the kinetic energy cutoff on the TNACs and decay time scales for the prototypical model system of tetracene. These calculations show that the choice of kinetic energy cutoff can change the relaxation time by up to 30%. The relaxation times of states that have small TNACs to other states or are far from degenerate are more sensitive to the kinetic energy cutoff than those of states with large TNACs or near degeneracies. A kinetic energy cutoff of 60 Ry is sufficient for all states to reach semiquantitative agreement (absolute error <10%) with the decay times of our 110 Ry reference data, and a cutoff of 80 Ry is required for all states to reach quantitative agreement (absolute error <2%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alva D Dillon
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Rebecca L M Gieseking
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
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4
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Mansour R, Toldo JM, Mukherjee S, Pinheiro M, Barbatti M. Temperature effects on the internal conversion of excited adenine and adenosine. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:27083-27093. [PMID: 37801041 PMCID: PMC10583498 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03234e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
This work aims to elucidate the dependence of the excited-state lifetime of adenine and adenosine on temperature. So far, it has been experimentally shown that while adenine's lifetime is unaffected by temperature, adenosine's lifetime strongly depends on it. However, the non-Arrhenius temperature dependence has posed a challenge in explaining this phenomenon. We used surface hopping to simulate the dynamics of adenine and adenosine in the gas phase at 0 and 400 K. The temperature effects were observed under the initial conditions via Wigner sampling with thermal corrections. Our results confirm that adenine's excited-state lifetime does not depend on temperature, while adenosine's lifetime does. Adenosine's dependency is due to intramolecular vibrational energy transfer from adenine to the ribose group. At 0 K, this transfer reduced the mean kinetic energy of adenine's moiety so much that internal conversion is inhibited, and the lifetime elongated by a factor of 2.3 compared to that at 400 K. The modeling also definitively ruled out the influence of viscosity, which was proposed as an alternative explanation previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritam Mansour
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, ICR, Marseille, France.
| | | | | | - Max Pinheiro
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, ICR, Marseille, France.
| | - Mario Barbatti
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, ICR, Marseille, France.
- Institut Universitaire de France, 75231, Paris, France
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5
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Electronic excited states in deep variational Monte Carlo. Nat Commun 2023; 14:274. [PMID: 36650151 PMCID: PMC9845370 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35534-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Obtaining accurate ground and low-lying excited states of electronic systems is crucial in a multitude of important applications. One ab initio method for solving the Schrödinger equation that scales favorably for large systems is variational quantum Monte Carlo (QMC). The recently introduced deep QMC approach uses ansatzes represented by deep neural networks and generates nearly exact ground-state solutions for molecules containing up to a few dozen electrons, with the potential to scale to much larger systems where other highly accurate methods are not feasible. In this paper, we extend one such ansatz (PauliNet) to compute electronic excited states. We demonstrate our method on various small atoms and molecules and consistently achieve high accuracy for low-lying states. To highlight the method's potential, we compute the first excited state of the much larger benzene molecule, as well as the conical intersection of ethylene, with PauliNet matching results of more expensive high-level methods.
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6
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Chakraborty P, Liu Y, McClung S, Weinacht T, Matsika S. Nonadiabatic Excited State Dynamics of Organic Chromophores: Take-Home Messages. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:6021-6031. [PMID: 36069531 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c04671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nonadiabatic excited state dynamics are important in a variety of processes. Theoretical and experimental developments have allowed for a great progress in this area, while combining the two is often necessary and the best approach to obtain insight into the photophysical behavior of molecules. In this Feature Article we use examples of our recent work combining time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy with theoretical nonadiabatic dynamics to highlight important lessons we learned. We compare the nonadiabatic excited state dynamics of three different organic molecules with the aim of elucidating connections between structure and dynamics. Calculations and measurements are compared for uracil, 1,3-cyclooctadiene, and 1,3-cyclohexadiene. The comparison highlights the role of rigidity in influencing the dynamics and the difficulty of capturing the dynamics accurately with calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratip Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States.,Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yusong Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States.,Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Samuel McClung
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Thomas Weinacht
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Spiridoula Matsika
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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7
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Baudin P, Mouvet F, Rothlisberger U. A multiple time step algorithm for trajectory surface hopping simulations. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:034107. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0065728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Baudin
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - François Mouvet
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ursula Rothlisberger
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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8
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Wasif Baig M, Pederzoli M, Kývala M, Cwiklik L, Pittner J. Theoretical Investigation of the Effect of Alkylation and Bromination on Intersystem Crossing in BODIPY-Based Photosensitizers. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:11617-11627. [PMID: 34661408 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c05236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Halogenated and alkylated BODIPY derivatives are reported as suitable candidates for their use as photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy due to their efficient intersystem crossing (ISC) between states of different spin multiplicities. Spin-orbit couplings (SOCs) are evaluated using an effective one-electron spin-orbit Hamiltonian for brominated and alkylated BODIPY derivatives to investigate the quantitative effect of alkyl and bromine substituents on ISC. BODIPY derivatives containing bromine atoms have been found to have significantly stronger SOCs than alkylated BODIPY derivatives outside the Frank-Condon region while they are nearly the same at local minima. Based on calculated time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) vertical excitation energies and SOCs, excited-state dynamics of three BODIPY derivatives were further explored with TD-DFT surface hopping molecular dynamics employing a simple accelerated approach. Derivatives containing bromine atoms have been found to have very similar lifetimes, which are much shorter than those of the derivatives possessing just the alkyl moieties. However, both bromine atoms and alkyl moieties reduce the HOMO/LUMO gap, thus assisting the derivatives to behave as efficient photosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirza Wasif Baig
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, Prague 18223, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 8, Prague 12840, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Pederzoli
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, Prague 18223, Czech Republic
| | - Mojmír Kývala
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovonám. 2, Prague 16610, Czech Republic
| | - Lukasz Cwiklik
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, Prague 18223, Czech Republic.,Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovonám. 2, Prague 16610, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Pittner
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, Prague 18223, Czech Republic
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9
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Akimov AV. Excited state dynamics in monolayer black phosphorus revisited: Accounting for many-body effects. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:134106. [PMID: 34624981 DOI: 10.1063/5.0065606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamics of electron-hole recombination in pristine and defect-containing monolayer black phosphorus (ML-BP) has been studied computationally by several groups relying on the one-particle description of electronic excited states. Our recent developments enabled a more sophisticated and accurate treatment of excited states dynamics in systems with pronounced excitonic effects, including 2D materials such as ML-BP. In this work, I present a comprehensive characterization of optoelectronic properties and nonadiabatic dynamics of the ground state recovery in pristine and divacancy-containing ML-BP, relying on the linear-response time-dependent density functional theory description of excited states combined with several trajectory surface hopping methodologies and decoherence correction schemes. This work presents a revision and new implementation of the decoherence-induced surface hopping methodology. Several popular algorithms for nonadiabatic dynamics algorithms are assessed. The kinetics of nonradiative relaxation of lower-lying excited states in ML-BP systems is revised considering the new methodological developments. A general mechanism that explains the sensitivity of the nonradiative dynamics to the presence of divacancy defect in ML-BP is proposed. According to this mechanism, the excited states' relaxation may be inhibited by the presence of energetically close higher-energy states if electronic decoherence is present in the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V Akimov
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, USA
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10
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Skov AB, Folkmann LM, Boguslavskiy AE, Röder A, Lausten R, Stolow A, Johnson MS, Pittelkow M, Nielsen OJ, Sølling TI, Hansen T. The Sulfolene Protecting Group: Observation of a Direct Photoinitiated Cheletropic Ring Opening. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202100048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anders B. Skov
- Department of Chemistry University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 2100 København Ø Denmark
| | - Linnea M. Folkmann
- Department of Chemistry University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 2100 København Ø Denmark
| | - Andrey E. Boguslavskiy
- Joint Centre for Extreme Photonics National Research Council and University of Ottawa Ottawa ON, K1A 0R6 Canada
- Department of Physics University of Ottawa 150 Louis-Pasteur Pvt Ottawa ON, K1N 6N5 Canada
- Department of Chemistry University of Ottawa 150 Louis-Pasteur Pvt Ottawa ON K1N 6N5 Canada
- National Research Council Canada 100 Sussex Drive Ottawa ON K1N 5A2 Canada
| | - Anja Röder
- Joint Centre for Extreme Photonics National Research Council and University of Ottawa Ottawa ON, K1A 0R6 Canada
- Department of Chemistry University of Ottawa 150 Louis-Pasteur Pvt Ottawa ON K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Rune Lausten
- National Research Council Canada 100 Sussex Drive Ottawa ON K1N 5A2 Canada
| | - Albert Stolow
- Joint Centre for Extreme Photonics National Research Council and University of Ottawa Ottawa ON, K1A 0R6 Canada
- Department of Physics University of Ottawa 150 Louis-Pasteur Pvt Ottawa ON, K1N 6N5 Canada
- Department of Chemistry University of Ottawa 150 Louis-Pasteur Pvt Ottawa ON K1N 6N5 Canada
- National Research Council Canada 100 Sussex Drive Ottawa ON K1N 5A2 Canada
| | - Matthew S. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 2100 København Ø Denmark
| | - Michael Pittelkow
- Department of Chemistry University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 2100 København Ø Denmark
| | - Ole John Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 2100 København Ø Denmark
| | - Theis I. Sølling
- Department of Chemistry University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 2100 København Ø Denmark
- King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals Bldg. 15, Rm. 6124 Dhahran 31261, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Thorsten Hansen
- Department of Chemistry University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 2100 København Ø Denmark
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11
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Zobel JP, Knoll T, González L. Ultrafast and long-time excited state kinetics of an NIR-emissive vanadium(iii) complex II. Elucidating triplet-to-singlet excited-state dynamics. Chem Sci 2021; 12:10791-10801. [PMID: 34476060 PMCID: PMC8372553 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02149d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the non-adiabatic dynamics of VIIICl3(ddpd), a complex based on the Earth-abundant first-row transition metal vanadium with a d2 electronic configuration which is able to emit phosphorescence in solution in the near-infrared spectral region. Trajectory surface-hopping dynamics based on linear vibronic coupling potentials obtained with CASSCF provide molecular-level insights into the intersystem crossing from triplet to singlet metal-centered states. While the majority of the singlet population undergoes back-intersystem crossing to the triplet manifold, 1-2% remains stable during the 10 ps simulation time, enabling the phosphorescence described in Dorn et al. Chem. Sci., 2021, DOI: 10.1039/D1SC02137K. Competing with intersystem crossing, two different relaxation channels via internal conversion through the triplet manifold occur. The nuclear motion that drives the dynamics through the different electronic states corresponds mainly to the increase of all metal-ligand bond distances as well as the decrease of the angles of trans-coordinated ligand atoms. Both motions lead to a decrease in the ligand-field splitting, which stabilizes the interconfigurational excited states populated during the dynamics. Analysis of the electronic character of the states reveals that increasing and stabilizing the singlet population, which in turn can result in enhanced phosphorescence, could be accomplished by further increasing the ligand-field strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Patrick Zobel
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna Währingerstr. 19 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Thomas Knoll
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna Währingerstr. 19 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Leticia González
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna Währingerstr. 19 1090 Vienna Austria
- Vienna Research Platform on Accelerating Photoreaction Discovery, University of Vienna Währingerstr. 19 1090 Vienna Austria
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12
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Yu XF, Fu TH, Xiao B, Yu HY, Li Q. A theoretical study on the excited-state deactivation paths for the A-5FU dimer. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:16089-16106. [PMID: 34291779 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00030f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The photostability of DNA plays a key role in the normal function of organisms. A-5FU is a base pair derivative of the A-T dimer where the methyl group is replaced by a F atom. Here, accurate static TDDFT calculations and non-adiabatic dynamic simulations are used to systematically investigate the excited-state decay paths of the A-5FU dimer related to the proton transfer and the out-of-plane twisting deformation motion of A and 5FU in the 1ππ* and 1nπ* states. CC2 is used to check the accuracy of the current TDDFT calculations. Our results show that the deformation of the C[double bond, length as m-dash]C or C[double bond, length as m-dash]N double bond in A and 5FU provides an efficient pathway for the depopulation of the lowest excited states, which can compete with the excited-state proton transfer paths in the dimer. This finding indicates that monomer-like decay paths could be important for the photostability of weakly hydrogen-bonded DNA base pairs and provide a new insight into the excited-state decay paths in base pairs and their analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Fang Yu
- The Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Matsika S. Electronic Structure Methods for the Description of Nonadiabatic Effects and Conical Intersections. Chem Rev 2021; 121:9407-9449. [PMID: 34156838 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonadiabatic effects are ubiquitous in photophysics and photochemistry, and therefore, many theoretical developments have been made to properly describe them. Conical intersections are central in nonadiabatic processes, as they promote efficient and ultrafast nonadiabatic transitions between electronic states. A proper theoretical description requires developments in electronic structure and specifically in methods that describe conical intersections between states and nonadiabatic coupling terms. This review focuses on the electronic structure aspects of nonadiabatic processes. We discuss the requirements of electronic structure methods to describe conical intersections and nonadiabatic couplings, how the most common excited state methods perform in describing these effects, and what the recent developments are in expanding the methodology and implementing nonadiabatic couplings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spiridoula Matsika
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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14
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Smith B, Shakiba M, Akimov AV. Crystal Symmetry and Static Electron Correlation Greatly Accelerate Nonradiative Dynamics in Lead Halide Perovskites. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:2444-2453. [PMID: 33661640 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Using a recently developed many-body nonadiabatic molecular dynamics (NA-MD) framework for large condensed matter systems, we study the phonon-driven nonradiative relaxation of excess electronic excitation energy in cubic and tetragonal phases of the lead halide perovskite CsPbI3. We find that the many-body treatment of the electronic excited states significantly changes the structure of the excited states' coupling, promotes a stronger nonadiabatic coupling of states, and ultimately accelerates the relaxation dynamics relative to the single-particle description of excited states. The acceleration of the nonadiabatic dynamics correlates with the degree of configurational mixing, which is controlled by the crystal symmetry. The higher-symmetry cubic phase of CsPbI3 exhibits stronger configuration mixing than does the tetragonal phase and subsequently yields faster nonradiative dynamics. Overall, using a many-body treatment of excited states and accounting for decoherence dynamics are important for closing the gap between the computationally derived and experimentally measured nonradiative excitation energy relaxation rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Mohammad Shakiba
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Alexey V Akimov
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
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15
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Temen S, Akimov AV. A Simple Solution to Trivial Crossings: A Stochastic State Tracking Approach. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:850-860. [PMID: 33427475 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We present a new state tracking algorithm based on a stochastic state reassignment that reflects the quantum mechanical interpretation of the state time-overlaps. We assess the new method with a range of model Hamiltonians and demonstrate that it yields the results generally consistent with the deterministic min-cost algorithm. However, the stochastic state tracking algorithm reduces magnitudes of the state population fluctuations as the quantum system evolves toward its equilibrium. The new algorithm facilitates the thermalization of quantum state populations and suppresses the population revivals and oscillations near the equilibrium in many-state systems. The new stochastic algorithm has a favorable computational scaling, is easy to implement due to its conceptual transparency, and treats various types of state identity changes (trivial or avoided crossings and any intermediate cases) on equal footing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Story Temen
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Alexey V Akimov
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
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16
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Wang LW. Natural Orbital Branching Scheme for Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory Nonadiabatic Simulations. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:9075-9087. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c06367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Wang Wang
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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17
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Zobel JP, Bokareva OS, Zimmer P, Wölper C, Bauer M, González L. Intersystem Crossing and Triplet Dynamics in an Iron(II) N-Heterocyclic Carbene Photosensitizer. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:14666-14678. [PMID: 32869981 PMCID: PMC7581298 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The electronic excited
states of the iron(II) complex [FeII(tpy)(pyz-NHC)]2+ [tpy = 2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine; pyz-NHC
= 1,1′-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)pyrazinyldiimidazolium-2,2′-diylidene]
and their relaxation pathways have been theoretically investigated.
To this purpose, trajectory surface-hopping simulations within a linear
vibronic coupling model including a 244-dimensional potential energy
surface (PES) with 20 singlet and 20 triplet coupled states have been
used. The simulations show that, after excitation to the lowest-energy
absorption band of predominant metal-to-ligand charge-transfer character
involving the tpy ligand, almost 80% of the population undergoes intersystem
crossing to the triplet manifold in about 50 fs, while the remaining
20% decays through internal conversion to the electronic ground state
in about 300 fs. The population transferred to the triplet states
is found to deactivate into two different regions of the PESs, one
where the static dipole moment is small and shows increased metal-centered
character and another with a large static dipole moment, where the
electron density is transferred from the tpy to pyz-NHC ligand. Coherent
oscillations of 400 fs are observed between these two sets of triplet
populations, until the mixture equilibrates to a ratio of 60:40. Finally,
the importance of selecting suitable normal modes is highlighted—a
choice that can be far from straightforward in transition-metal complexes
with hundreds of degrees of freedom. Trajectory
surface-hopping simulations with a linear vibronic coupling model
reveal the competition of major intersystem crossing versus minor
internal conversion dynamics in an iron(II) N-heterocyclic carbene
dye. The triplet population bifurcates into two regions of the potential
energy surfaces, characterized by small and large static dipole moments
due to different electronic character and showing coherent oscillations
of 400 fs until both triplet populations coexist in a mixture of 60:40.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Patrick Zobel
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstraße 19, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Olga S Bokareva
- Institute of Physics, Rostock University, Albert Einstein Straße 23-24, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Peter Zimmer
- Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department and Center for Sustainable Systems Design (CSSD), Paderborn University, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Christoph Wölper
- Department for X-Ray Diffraction, Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 7, D-45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Bauer
- Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department and Center for Sustainable Systems Design (CSSD), Paderborn University, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Leticia González
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstraße 19, 1090 Vienna, Austria.,Vienna Research Platform on Accelerating Photoreaction Discovery, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 19, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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18
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Nematiaram T, Troisi A. Modeling charge transport in high-mobility molecular semiconductors: Balancing electronic structure and quantum dynamics methods with the help of experiments. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:190902. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0008357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Nematiaram
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandro Troisi
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
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19
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Smith B, Akimov AV. Modeling nonadiabatic dynamics in condensed matter materials: some recent advances and applications. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:073001. [PMID: 31661681 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab5246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on recent developments in the field of nonadiabatic molecular dynamics (NA-MD), with particular attention given to condensed-matter systems. NA-MD simulations for small molecular systems can be performed using high-level electronic structure (ES) calculations, methods accounting for the quantization of nuclear motion, and using fewer approximations in the dynamical methodology itself. Modeling condensed-matter systems imposes many limitations on various aspects of NA-MD computations, requiring approximations at various levels of theory-from the ES, to the ways in which the coupling of electrons and nuclei are accounted for. Nonetheless, the approximate treatment of NA-MD in condensed-phase materials has gained a spin lately in many applied studies. A number of advancements of the methodology and computational tools have been undertaken, including general-purpose methods, as well as those tailored to nanoscale and condensed matter systems. This review summarizes such methodological and software developments, puts them into the broader context of existing approaches, and highlights some of the challenges that remain to be solved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States of America
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20
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Rivera M, Dommett M, Sidat A, Rahim W, Crespo-Otero R. fromage: A library for the study of molecular crystal excited states at the aggregate scale. J Comput Chem 2020; 41:1045-1058. [PMID: 31909830 PMCID: PMC7079081 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The study of photoexcitations in molecular aggregates faces the twofold problem of the increased computational cost associated with excited states and the complexity of the interactions among the constituent monomers. A mechanistic investigation of these processes requires the analysis of the intermolecular interactions, the effect of the environment, and 3D arrangements or crystal packing on the excited states. A considerable number of techniques have been tailored to navigate these obstacles; however, they are usually restricted to in‐house codes and thus require a disproportionate effort to adopt by researchers approaching the field. Herein, we present the FRamewOrk for Molecular AGgregate Excitations (fromage), which implements a collection of such techniques in a Python library complemented with ready‐to‐use scripts. The program structure is presented and the principal features available to the user are described: geometrical analysis, exciton characterization, and a variety of ONIOM schemes. Each is illustrated by examples of diverse organic molecules in condensed phase settings. The program is available at https://github.com/Crespo-Otero-group/fromage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Rivera
- Department of Chemistry, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Michael Dommett
- Department of Chemistry, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Amir Sidat
- Department of Chemistry, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Warda Rahim
- Department of Chemistry, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Rachel Crespo-Otero
- Department of Chemistry, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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21
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Wang H, Gong Q, Wang G, Dang J, Liu F. Deciphering the Mechanism of Aggregation-Induced Emission of a Quinazolinone Derivative Displaying Excited-State Intramolecular Proton-Transfer Properties: A QM, QM/MM, and MD Study. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 15:5440-5447. [PMID: 31436414 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b00421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A combination of excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) and aggregation-induced emission (AIE) has opened new opportunities to develop color-tunable luminescent materials with high quantum yield. Understanding the emission mechanism of these luminophores is essential for the molecular design and construction of a functional system. Herein, we report QM (MS-CASPT2//TD-DFT, MS-CASPT2//CASSCF) and ONIOM (QM/MM) studies on the fluorescence quenching and AIE mechanisms of 2-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-4(3H)-quinazolinone with typical characteristics of AIE and ESIPT as an example. The computational results indicate that in the tetrahydrofuran solution, once being excited to the S1 state, the molecule tends to undergo an ultrafast, barrierless ESIPT from enol to keto tautomer and then accesses a S1/S0 conical intersection in the vicinity of a C═C bond twisted intramolecular charge-transfer (TICT) intermediate, leading to a nonradiative decay from the excited to ground state. Hence, the TICT-induced nonadiabatic transition, which has been further confirmed by the on-the-fly trajectory surface hopping dynamics simulations, accounts for the fluorescence quenching in solution. In contrast, in the solid state, the nonradiative relaxation pathway via the C═C bond rotation is suppressed due to environmental hindrance, leaving the ESIPT-induced enol-keto tautomerization as the only excited-decay channel, thus the fluorescence is observably enhanced in the crystal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjuan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering , Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an , Shaanxi 710062 , P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Gong
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering , Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an , Shaanxi 710062 , P. R. China
| | - Gang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering , Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an , Shaanxi 710062 , P. R. China
| | - Jingshuang Dang
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering , Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an , Shaanxi 710062 , P. R. China
| | - Fengyi Liu
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering , Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an , Shaanxi 710062 , P. R. China
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22
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Minezawa N, Nakajima T. Trajectory surface hopping molecular dynamics simulation by spin-flip time-dependent density functional theory. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:204120. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5096217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Minezawa
- Computational Molecular Science Research Team, RIKEN Center for Computational Science, 7-1-26 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Takahito Nakajima
- Computational Molecular Science Research Team, RIKEN Center for Computational Science, 7-1-26 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
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23
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Rivera M, Dommett M, Crespo-Otero R. ONIOM(QM:QM′) Electrostatic Embedding Schemes for Photochemistry in Molecular Crystals. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 15:2504-2516. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b01180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Rivera
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K
| | - Michael Dommett
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K
| | - Rachel Crespo-Otero
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K
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24
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Abstract
We present a subspace surface hopping strategy to deal with complex surface crossings in nonadiabatic dynamics. By focusing on only important adiabatic states, we make subspace crossing correction (SCC) in the framework of the standard fewest switches surface hopping (FSSH) and the global flux surface hopping (GFSH). The resulting SCC-FSSH and SCC-GFSH approaches show much better performance than the counterparts using all adiabatic states for surface hopping. As demonstrated in a series of Holstein models with up to over 1000 molecular sites, both SCC-FSSH and SCC-GFSH show excellent size independence with a large time step size of 1 fs. Especially, SCC-GFSH does not refer to nonadiabatic couplings at all and gives a more proper description of superexchange, and thus, it is promising for realistic applications with complex potential energy surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qiu
- Center for Chemistry of Novel & High-Performance Materials , and Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Xin Bai
- Center for Chemistry of Novel & High-Performance Materials , and Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Linjun Wang
- Center for Chemistry of Novel & High-Performance Materials , and Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
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25
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Crespo-Otero R, Li Q, Blancafort L. Exploring Potential Energy Surfaces for Aggregation-Induced Emission-From Solution to Crystal. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:700-714. [PMID: 30548109 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201801649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) is a phenomenon where non-luminescent compounds in solution become strongly luminescent in aggregate and solid phase. It provides a fertile ground for luminescent applications that has rapidly developed in the last 15 years. In this review, we focus on the contributions of theory and computations to understanding the molecular mechanism behind it. Starting from initial models, such as restriction of intramolecular rotations (RIR), and the calculation of non-radiative rates with Fermi's golden rule (FGR), we center on studies of the global excited-state potential energy surfaces that have provided the basis for the restricted access to a conical intersection (RACI) model. In this model, which has been shown to apply for a diverse group of AIEgens, the lack of fluorescence in solution comes from radiationless decay at a CI in solution that is hindered in the aggregate state. We also highlight how intermolecular interactions modulate the photophysics in the aggregate phase, in terms of fluorescence quantum yield and emission color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Crespo-Otero
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Quansong Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, South Zhongguancun Street 5, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Lluís Blancafort
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) i Departament de Química, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat de Girona, C/M. A. Capmany 69, 17003, Girona, Spain
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26
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Pradhan E, Sato K, Akimov AV. Non-adiabatic molecular dynamics with ΔSCF excited states. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2018; 30:484002. [PMID: 30407924 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aae864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Accurate modelling of nonadiabatic transitions and electron-phonon interactions in extended systems is essential for understanding the charge and energy transfer in photovoltaic and photocatalytic materials. The extensive computational costs of the advanced excited state methods have stimulated the development of many approximations to study the nonadiabatic molecular dynamics (NA-MD) in solid-state and molecular materials. In this work, we present a novel ▵SCF-NA-MD methodology that aims to account for electron-hole interactions and electron-phonon back-reaction critical in modelling photoinduced nuclear dynamics. The excited states dynamics is described using the delta self-consistent field (▵SCF) technique within the density functional formalism and the trajectory surface hopping. The technique is implemented in the open-source Libra-X package freely available on the Internet (https://github.com/Quantum-Dynamics-Hub/Libra-X). This work illustrates the general utility of the developed ▵SCF-NA-MD methodology by characterizing the excited state energies and lifetimes, reorganization energies, photoisomerization quantum yields, and by providing the mechanistic details of reactive processes in a number of organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekadashi Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260-3000, United States of America
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27
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Akimov AV. A Simple Phase Correction Makes a Big Difference in Nonadiabatic Molecular Dynamics. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:6096-6102. [PMID: 30286602 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The outcomes of nonadiabatic molecular dynamics (NA-MD) calculations are modulated by the parameters entering the time-dependent Schrödinger equation (TD-SE). The adiabatic states are commonly used as the basis in which the TD-SE is integrated. However, the phase inconsistencies of such states along the nuclear trajectories obtained in NA-MD simulations may render the wave function and other relevant properties ill-behaving, adversely affecting the dynamics. This work illustrates the consequence of adiabatic state phase inconsistencies in nonadiabatic Ehrenfest dynamics. A simple phase-correction approach is proposed and is demonstrated to alter the dynamics to make it consistent with the reference calculations done in the phase-consistent diabatic representation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V Akimov
- Department of Chemistry , University at Buffalo, The State University of New York , Buffalo , New York 14260 , United States
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28
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Qiu J, Bai X, Wang L. Crossing Classified and Corrected Fewest Switches Surface Hopping. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:4319-4325. [PMID: 30011207 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b01902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the traditional fewest switches surface hopping (FSSH), trivial crossings between uncoupled or weakly coupled states have highly peaked nonadiabatic couplings and thus are difficult to deal with in the preferred, adiabatic representation. Here, we classify surface crossings into four general types and propose a parameter-free crossing corrected FSSH (CC-FSSH) algorithm, which could treat multiple trivial crossings within a time interval. As examples, Holstein Hamiltonians with different parameters are adopted to mimic electron dynamics in tens to hundreds of molecules, which suffer from severe trivial crossing problems. Using existed surface hopping approaches as references, we show that CC-FSSH exhibits significantly fast time interval convergence and weak system size dependence. In all cases, a reliable description is achieved with a large time interval of 1 fs. With a simple formalism and the ability to describe complex surface crossings, CC-FSSH could potentially simulate general nonadiabatic dynamics in nanoscale materials with a high efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qiu
- Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Xin Bai
- Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Linjun Wang
- Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
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29
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Lischka H, Nachtigallová D, Aquino AJA, Szalay PG, Plasser F, Machado FBC, Barbatti M. Multireference Approaches for Excited States of Molecules. Chem Rev 2018; 118:7293-7361. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hans Lischka
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dana Nachtigallová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry v.v.i., The Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Adélia J. A. Aquino
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
- Institute for Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Peter-Jordan-Strasse 82, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Péter G. Szalay
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Felix Plasser
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Francisco B. C. Machado
- Departamento de Química, Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, São José dos Campos 12228-900, São Paulo, Brazil
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30
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Filatov M, Liu F, Martínez TJ. Analytical derivatives of the individual state energies in ensemble density functional theory method. I. General formalism. J Chem Phys 2018; 147:034113. [PMID: 28734302 DOI: 10.1063/1.4994542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The state-averaged (SA) spin restricted ensemble referenced Kohn-Sham (REKS) method and its state interaction (SI) extension, SI-SA-REKS, enable one to describe correctly the shape of the ground and excited potential energy surfaces of molecules undergoing bond breaking/bond formation reactions including features such as conical intersections crucial for theoretical modeling of non-adiabatic reactions. Until recently, application of the SA-REKS and SI-SA-REKS methods to modeling the dynamics of such reactions was obstructed due to the lack of the analytical energy derivatives. In this work, the analytical derivatives of the individual SA-REKS and SI-SA-REKS energies are derived. The final analytic gradient expressions are formulated entirely in terms of traces of matrix products and are presented in the form convenient for implementation in the traditional quantum chemical codes employing basis set expansions of the molecular orbitals. The implementation and benchmarking of the derived formalism will be described in a subsequent article of this series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Filatov
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 689-798, South Korea
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Chemistry and the PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Todd J Martínez
- Department of Chemistry and the PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
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31
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Crespo-Otero R, Barbatti M. Recent Advances and Perspectives on Nonadiabatic Mixed Quantum–Classical Dynamics. Chem Rev 2018; 118:7026-7068. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Crespo-Otero
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
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32
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Affiliation(s)
- Basile F. E. Curchod
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Todd J. Martínez
- Department of Chemistry and PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
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33
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Dommett M, Crespo-Otero R. Excited state proton transfer in 2'-hydroxychalcone derivatives. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:2409-2416. [PMID: 28058421 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp07541j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Fluorophores exhibiting excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) are promising candidates for applications ranging from imaging and probing to laser dyes, optoelectronic devices and molecular logic gates. Recently, ESIPT-active solid-state emitters based on 2'-hydroxychalcone have been synthesized. The compounds are almost non-emissive in solution but emit in the deep red/NIR region when crystalline. Herein, we present a comprehensive theoretical investigation of the gas-phase excited state relaxation pathways in five 2'-hydroxychalcone systems, using a combination of static and non-adiabatic simulations. We identify two competing non-radiative relaxation channels, driven by intramolecular rotation in the enol and keto excited states. Both mechanisms are accessible for the five compounds studied and their relative population depends on the nature of the substituent. The addition of electron-donating substituents greatly increases the propensity of the ESIPT pathway versus rotation in the enol state. The identification of the fundamental relaxation mechanisms is the first step towards understanding the aggregated emission phonomena of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Dommett
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Materials Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK.
| | - Rachel Crespo-Otero
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Materials Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK.
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34
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Akimov AV. Stochastic and Quasi-Stochastic Hamiltonians for Long-Time Nonadiabatic Molecular Dynamics. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:5190-5195. [PMID: 28985075 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b02185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In the condensed-matter environments, the vibronic Hamiltonian that describes nonadiabatic dynamics often appears as an erratic entity, and one may assume it can be generated stochastically. This property is utilized to formulate novel stochastic and quasi-stochastic vibronic Hamiltonian methodologies, which open a new route to long-time excited state dynamics in atomistic solid-state systems at negligible computational cost. Using a model mimicking a typical solid-state material in noisy environment, general conclusions regarding the simulation of nonadiabatic dynamics are obtained: (1) including bath is critical to complete excited state relaxation; (2) a totally stochastic modulation of energies and couplings has a net effect of no bath and inhibits relaxation; (3) including a single or several dominant electron-phonon modes may be insufficient to complete the excited state relaxation; (4) only the multiple modes, even those that have negligible weights, can represent both the deterministic modulation of system's Hamiltonian and stochastic effects of bath.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V Akimov
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York , Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
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35
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Li L, Wong JC, Kanai Y. Examining the Effect of Exchange-Correlation Approximations in First-Principles Dynamics Simulation of Interfacial Charge Transfer. J Chem Theory Comput 2017; 13:2634-2641. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.7b00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lesheng Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Jian Cheng Wong
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Yosuke Kanai
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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36
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Mališ M, Došlić N. Nonradiative Relaxation Mechanisms of UV Excited Phenylalanine Residues: A Comparative Computational Study. Molecules 2017; 22:E493. [PMID: 28335582 PMCID: PMC6155328 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22030493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work is directed toward understanding the mechanisms of excited state deactivation in three neutral model peptides containing the phenylalanine residue. The excited state dynamics of theγL(g+)folded form of N-acetylphenylalaninylamide (NAPA B) and its amide-N-methylated derivative (NAPMA B) is reviewed and compared to the dynamics of the monohydrated structure of NAPA (NAPAH). The goal is to unravel how the environment, and in particular solvation, impacts the photodynamics of peptides. The systems are investigated using reaction path calculations and surface hopping nonadiabatic dynamics based on the coupled cluster doubles (CC2) method and time-dependent density functional theory. The work emphasizes the role that excitation transfer from the phenylππ*to amidenπ*state plays in the deactivation of the three systems and shows how the ease of out-of-plane distortions of the amide group determines the rate of population transfer between the two electronic states. The subsequent dynamics on thenπ*state is barrierless along several pathways and leads to fast deactivation to the ground electronic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momir Mališ
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
- Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Nađa Došlić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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37
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Curchod BFE, Sisto A, Martínez TJ. Ab Initio Multiple Spawning Photochemical Dynamics of DMABN Using GPUs. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:265-276. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b09962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Basile F. E. Curchod
- Department
of Chemistry and the PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Aaron Sisto
- Department
of Chemistry and the PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Todd J. Martínez
- Department
of Chemistry and the PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
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38
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Jankowska J, Barbatti M, Sadlej J, Sobolewski AL. Tailoring the Schiff base photoswitching – a non-adiabatic molecular dynamics study of substituent effect on excited state proton transfer. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:5318-5325. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp08545h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dynamics reveals how to design chemical substitutions to control excited-state proton transfer efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Jankowska
- Institute of Physics
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 02-668 Warsaw
- Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry
| | | | - Joanna Sadlej
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Warsaw
- 02-093 Warsaw
- Poland
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39
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Lin Y, Akimov AV. Dependence of Nonadiabatic Couplings with Kohn–Sham Orbitals on the Choice of Density Functional: Pure vs Hybrid. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:9028-9041. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b09660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Lin
- Department
of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
| | - Alexey V. Akimov
- Department
of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
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40
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Arbelo-González W, Crespo-Otero R, Barbatti M. Steady and Time-Resolved Photoelectron Spectra Based on Nuclear Ensembles. J Chem Theory Comput 2016; 12:5037-5049. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.6b00704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wilmer Arbelo-González
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaizer-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Rachel Crespo-Otero
- School
of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Mario Barbatti
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaizer-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, Marseille, France
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41
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Tuna D, Lu Y, Koslowski A, Thiel W. Semiempirical Quantum-Chemical Orthogonalization-Corrected Methods: Benchmarks of Electronically Excited States. J Chem Theory Comput 2016; 12:4400-22. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.6b00403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Tuna
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - You Lu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Axel Koslowski
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Walter Thiel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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42
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Snyder JW, Curchod BFE, Martínez TJ. GPU-Accelerated State-Averaged Complete Active Space Self-Consistent Field Interfaced with Ab Initio Multiple Spawning Unravels the Photodynamics of Provitamin D3. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:2444-2449. [PMID: 27266759 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b00970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Excited-state molecular dynamics is essential to the study of photochemical reactions, which occur under nonequilibrium conditions. However, the computational cost of such simulations has often dictated compromises between accuracy and efficiency. The need for an accurate description of both the molecular electronic structure and nuclear dynamics has historically stymied the simulation of medium- to large-size molecular systems. Here, we show how to alleviate this problem by combining ab initio multiple spawning (AIMS) for the nuclear dynamics and GPU-accelerated state-averaged complete active space self-consistent field (SA-CASSCF) for the electronic structure. We demonstrate the new approach by first-principles SA-CASSCF/AIMS nonadiabatic dynamics simulation of photoinduced electrocyclic ring-opening in the 51-atom provitamin D3 molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Snyder
- Department of Chemistry and The PULSE Institute, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Basile F E Curchod
- Department of Chemistry and The PULSE Institute, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Todd J Martínez
- Department of Chemistry and The PULSE Institute, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
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43
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Spörkel L, Thiel W. Adaptive time steps in trajectory surface hopping simulations. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:194108. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4948956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lasse Spörkel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Walter Thiel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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44
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Banerjee A, Halder D, Ganguly G, Paul A. Deciphering the cryptic role of a catalytic electron in a photochemical bond dissociation using excited state aromaticity markers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:25308-25314. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp03789e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Upon photoexcitation of 5-phenyltetrazole, an electron is injected from the phenyl ring to the tetrazole ring, which performs a catalytic role in the photolytic dissociation of N2. The footprints of the “mercenary” electron are captured via dramatic changes in excited state aromaticity of the associated rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambar Banerjee
- Raman Centre for Atomic Molecular and Optical Sciences Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science 2A & 2B
- India
| | - Debabrata Halder
- Raman Centre for Atomic Molecular and Optical Sciences Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science 2A & 2B
- India
| | - Gaurab Ganguly
- Raman Centre for Atomic Molecular and Optical Sciences Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science 2A & 2B
- India
| | - Ankan Paul
- Raman Centre for Atomic Molecular and Optical Sciences Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science 2A & 2B
- India
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45
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Prlj A, Došlić N, Corminboeuf C. How does tetraphenylethylene relax from its excited states? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:11606-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp04546k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photocyclization play a key role in the deactivation mechanism of tetraphenylethylene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Prlj
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
- CH-1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Nađa Došlić
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- Ruđer Bošković Institute
- HR-10000 Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - Clémence Corminboeuf
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
- CH-1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
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46
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Sapunar M, Ponzi A, Chaiwongwattana S, Mališ M, Prlj A, Decleva P, Došlić N. Timescales of N–H bond dissociation in pyrrole: a nonadiabatic dynamics study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:19012-20. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp02100f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The excitation wavelength dependent photodynamics of pyrrole are investigated by surface-hopping nonadiabatic dynamics simulations. The results are explained in terms of correct Rydberg–valence interaction in the lowest B2 state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marin Sapunar
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- Ruđer Bošković Institute
- HR-10000 Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - Aurora Ponzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università di Trieste
- I-34127 Trieste
- Italy
| | | | - Momir Mališ
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- Ruđer Bošković Institute
- HR-10000 Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - Antonio Prlj
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
- CH-1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Piero Decleva
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università di Trieste
- I-34127 Trieste
- Italy
| | - Nađa Došlić
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- Ruđer Bošković Institute
- HR-10000 Zagreb
- Croatia
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47
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Jacquemin D, Adamo C. Computational Molecular Electronic Spectroscopy with TD-DFT. DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL METHODS FOR EXCITED STATES 2015; 368:347-75. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2015_638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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