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Aydin A, Klenk C, Nemec K, Işbilir A, Martin LM, Zauber H, Rrustemi T, Toka HR, Schuster H, Gong M, Stricker S, Bock A, Bähring S, Selbach M, Lohse MJ, Luft FC. ADAM19 cleaves the PTH receptor and associates with brachydactyly type E. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302400. [PMID: 38331475 PMCID: PMC10853454 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Brachydactyly type E (BDE), shortened metacarpals, metatarsals, cone-shaped epiphyses, and short stature commonly occurs as a sole phenotype. Parathyroid hormone-like protein (PTHrP) has been shown to be responsible in all forms to date, either directly or indirectly. We used linkage and then whole genome sequencing in a small pedigree, to elucidate BDE and identified a truncated disintegrin-and-metalloproteinase-19 (ADAM19) allele in all affected family members, but not in nonaffected persons. Since we had shown earlier that the extracellular domain of the parathyroid hormone receptor (PTHR1) is subject to an unidentified metalloproteinase cleavage, we tested the hypothesis that ADAM19 is a sheddase for PTHR1. WT ADAM19 cleaved PTHR1, while mutated ADAM-19 did not. We mapped the cleavage site that we verified with mass spectrometry between amino acids 64-65. ADAM-19 cleavage increased Gq and decreased Gs activation. Moreover, perturbed PTHR1 cleavage by ADAM19 increased ß-arrestin2 recruitment, while cAMP accumulation was not altered. We suggest that ADAM19 serves as a regulatory element for PTHR1 and could be responsible for BDE. This sheddase may affect other PTHrP or PTH-related functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atakan Aydin
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- https://ror.org/001w7jn25 Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Klenk
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katarina Nemec
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Structural Biology and Center of Excellence for Data-Driven Discovery, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ali Işbilir
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lisa M Martin
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Henrik Zauber
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Trendelina Rrustemi
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Hakan R Toka
- https://ror.org/001w7jn25 Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Herbert Schuster
- https://ror.org/001w7jn25 Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maolian Gong
- https://ror.org/001w7jn25 Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sigmar Stricker
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Bock
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sylvia Bähring
- https://ror.org/001w7jn25 Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Selbach
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin J Lohse
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- ISAR Bioscience Institute, Munich, Germany
| | - Friedrich C Luft
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- https://ror.org/001w7jn25 Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
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Max-Harry IM, Hashmi WJ, List BP, Kantake N, Corbin KL, Toribio RE, Nunemaker CS, Rosol TJ. The nuclear localization sequence and C-terminus of parathyroid hormone-related protein regulate normal pancreatic islet development and function. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2023; 340:114309. [PMID: 37236490 PMCID: PMC10323322 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2023.114309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) is a pleiotropic hormone essential for morphogenesis, tissue differentiation, as well as cell regulation and function. PTHrP is expressed by pancreatic beta cells which are responsible for insulin secretion. Previous studies have reported that N-terminal PTHrP stimulated proliferation in beta cells in rodents. We have developed a knockin mouse model (PTHrP Δ/Δ) lacking the C-terminal and nuclear localization sequence (NLS) of PTHrP. These mice die at ∼day 5, are severely stunted in growth, weigh 54% less than control mice at day 1-2 and eventually fail to grow. PTHrP Δ/Δ mice are also hypoinsulinemic and hypoglycemic yet have nutrient intake proportional to size. To characterize the pancreatic islets in these mice, islets (∼10-20) were isolated from 2 to 5 day-old-mice using collagenase digestion. Islets from PTHrP Δ/Δ mice were smaller in size but secreted more insulin than littermate controls. PTHrP Δ/Δ and control mice islets were exposed to various glucose concentrations and intracellular calcium, the trigger for insulin release, was elevated for glucose concentrations of 8-20 mM. Immunofluorescence staining showed less glucagon-stained area in islets from PTHrP Δ/Δ mice (∼250 µm2) compared to islets from control mice (∼900 µm2), and ELISA confirmed there was reduced glucagon content. These data collectively demonstrate increased insulin secretion and reduced glucagon at the islet level, which may contribute to the observed hypoglycemia and early death in PTHrP Δ/Δ mice. Thus, the C-terminus and NLS of PTHrP are crucial to life, including regulation of glucose homeostasis and islet function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibiagbani M Max-Harry
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; Diabetes Institute, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, USA
| | - Waleed J Hashmi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, USA
| | - Brian P List
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; Diabetes Institute, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, USA; Translational Biomedical Sciences Program, Graduate College, Ohio University, USA
| | - Noriko Kantake
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Kathryn L Corbin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Ramiro E Toribio
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Craig S Nunemaker
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; Diabetes Institute, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, USA; Translational Biomedical Sciences Program, Graduate College, Ohio University, USA.
| | - Thomas J Rosol
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute (OMNI), Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, USA.
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Stenhouse C, Newton MG, Halloran KM, Moses RM, Sah N, Suva LJ, Bazer FW. Phosphate, calcium, and vitamin D signaling, transport, and metabolism in the endometria of cyclic ewes. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:13. [PMID: 36631878 PMCID: PMC9835233 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00803-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent evidence suggests important roles for progesterone (P4) and interferon tau in the regulation of calcium, phosphate, and vitamin D signaling in the uteri of pregnant sheep. However, the effects of P4 and estradiol (E2), with respect to the expression of their receptors PGR and ESR1, respectively, in uterine epithelia on mineral signaling during the estrous cycle has not been investigated. Estrous cycles of mature Suffolk ewes were synchronized, prostaglandin F2α was administered, and ewes were observed for estrus (designated as Day 0) in the presence of vasectomized rams. On Days 1, 9, or 14 of the estrous cycle, hysterectomies were performed. RESULTS 25-hydroxyvitamin D was more abundant in plasma from ewes on Day 14 than Day 1 (P < 0.05). Expression of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2), a disintegrin and metalloprotease 17 (ADAM17), and parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) mRNAs was greater in endometria on Day 9 compared to Days 1 and 14 (P < 0.01). Similarly, expression of transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 6 (TRPV6) mRNA was greater in endometria on Day 9 than Day 1 (P < 0.05). ATPase plasma membrane Ca2+ transporting 4 (ATP2B4) and S100 calcium binding protein G (S100G) mRNA expression was greater in endometria on Day 14 than on Days 1 and 9 (P < 0.01). In contrast, endometrial expression of vitamin D receptor (VDR) mRNA was lower on Days 9 and 14 than Day 1 (P < 0.01). Expression of klotho (KL) (P < 0.05) and cytochrome P450 family 24 subfamily A member 1 (CYP24) (P < 0.01) mRNAs was lower on Day 14 than Days 1 and 9. ADAM17, FGF23, CYP2R1, CYP27B1, KL, and VDR proteins immunolocalized to the uterine myometrium, blood vessels, and uterine luminal (LE), superficial glandular (sGE), and glandular (GE) epithelia. S100A9 protein was weakly expressed in the uterine myometrium, LE, sGE, and GE. Immunoreactivity of CYP2R1 and KL proteins in uterine LE and sGE was less on Day 1 than on Days 9 and 14. In contrast, S100G protein was expressed exclusively by GE, and immunoreactive S100G protein was less on Day 9. S100A12 protein localized to stromal cells of the uterine stratum spongiosum and blood vessels, but not by uterine epithelial cells. CONCLUSION Collectively, these results implicate E2, P4, and PGR in the regulation of phosphate, calcium, and vitamin D signaling in cyclic ewes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Stenhouse
- grid.264756.40000 0004 4687 2082Departments of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, Kleberg Center, TX 77843-2471 College Station, USA
| | - Makenzie G. Newton
- grid.264756.40000 0004 4687 2082Departments of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, Kleberg Center, TX 77843-2471 College Station, USA
| | - Katherine M. Halloran
- grid.264756.40000 0004 4687 2082Departments of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, Kleberg Center, TX 77843-2471 College Station, USA
| | - Robyn M. Moses
- grid.264756.40000 0004 4687 2082Departments of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, Kleberg Center, TX 77843-2471 College Station, USA
| | - Nirvay Sah
- grid.264756.40000 0004 4687 2082Departments of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, Kleberg Center, TX 77843-2471 College Station, USA
| | - Larry J. Suva
- grid.264756.40000 0004 4687 2082Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, TX 77843 College Station, USA
| | - Fuller W. Bazer
- grid.264756.40000 0004 4687 2082Departments of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, Kleberg Center, TX 77843-2471 College Station, USA
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Kushnir MM, Rockwood AL. High Sensitivity Measurement of Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein (PTHrP) in Plasma by LC-MS/MS. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2546:375-389. [PMID: 36127605 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2565-1_33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
N-terminal sequence of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) has close homology to parathyroid hormone (PTH). In health, both PTH and PTHrP participate in calcium regulation and homeostasis, but some of the functions, such as regulation of bone development, teeth eruption, calcium regulation in central nervous system, and calcium regulation during pregnancy and fetal development, are unique to PTHrP. In pathology, PTHrP is involved in activation of the pathways, allowing tumor cells to form bone metastasis. In contemporary clinical practice, measurements of PTHrP are used for diagnosing and management of patients suspected of hypercalcemia of malignancy. We describe high-sensitivity, high-specificity LC-MS/MS method for measurement of PTHrP. Sample preparation in this method is performed as follows: internal standard (15N labeled PTHrP) is added to plasma samples. PTHrP and the internal standard are enriched from the samples using anti-PTHrP antibody conjugated to magnetic beads. The beads are washed, PTHrP is digested with trypsin, and a PTHrP-specific signature peptide is analyzed using LC-MS/MS. The lower limit of detection, limit of quantitation, and upper limit of linearity of the assay are 0.5, 2, and 600 pmol/L; total imprecision of the method is <10%. Reference intervals for PTHrP established using this method in samples of healthy women and men are <3.4 pmol/L and < 2.3 pmol/L, respectively. The method has acceptable performance for use in clinical diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark M Kushnir
- ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT, USA. .,Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Alan L Rockwood
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Dhanapala L, Joseph S, Jones AL, Moghaddam S, Lee N, Kremer RB, Rusling JF. Immunoarray Measurements of Parathyroid Hormone-Related Peptides Combined with Other Biomarkers to Diagnose Aggressive Prostate Cancer. Anal Chem 2022; 94:12788-12797. [PMID: 36074029 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) is related to bone metastasis and hypercalcemia in prostate and breast cancers and should be an excellent biomarker for aggressive forms of these cancers. Current clinical detection protocols for PTHrP are immunoradiometric assay and radioimmunoassay but are not sensitive enough to detect PTHrPs at early stages. We recently evaluated a prostate cancer biomarker panel, including serum monocyte differentiation antigen (CD-14), ETS-related gene protein, pigment epithelial-derived factor, and insulin-like growth factor-1, with promise for identifying aggressive prostate cancers. This panel predicted the need for patient biopsy better than PSA alone. In the present paper, we report an ultrasensitive microfluidic assay for PTHrPs and evaluate their diagnostic value and the value of including them with our prior biomarker panel to diagnose aggressive forms of prostate cancer. The immunoarray features screen-printed carbon sensor electrodes coated with 5 nm glutathione gold nanoparticles with capture antibodies attached. PTHrPs are bound to a secondary antibody attached to a polyhorseradish peroxidase label and delivered to the sensors to provide high sensitivity when activated by H2O2 and a mediator. We obtained an unprecedented 0.3 fg mL-1 limit of detection for PTHrP bioactive moieties PTHrP 1-173 and PTHrP 1-86. We also report the first study of PTHrPs in a large serum pool to identify aggressive malignancies. In assays of 130 human patient serum samples, PTHrP levels distinguished between aggressive and indolent prostate cancers with 83-91% clinical sensitivity and 78-96% specificity. Logistic regression identified the best predictive model as a combination of PTHrP 1-86 and vascular endothelial growth factor-D. PTHrP 1-173 alone also showed a high ability to differentiate aggressive and indolent cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasangi Dhanapala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Sophie Joseph
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Abby L Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Shirin Moghaddam
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics (MACSI), University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Norman Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University, 2300 I Street, NW, Washington, Washington, District of Columbia 20037, United States.,George Washington University Cancer Center, 800 22nd Street, NW, Washington, Washington, District of Columbia 20052, United States
| | - Richard B Kremer
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Blvd., Montreal QC H4A, Canada
| | - James F Rusling
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States.,Department of Surgery and Neag Cancer Center, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut 06232, United States.,School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland.,Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, 97 N. Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
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Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and PTH-related peptide (PTHrP) regulate extracellular phosphate and calcium homeostasis as well as bone remodeling. PTH is a classic endocrine peptide hormone whose synthesis and negative feedback by multiple factors control release from the parathyroid glands. PTHrP is ubiquitously expressed (pre- and postnatally) and acts in an autocrine/paracrine manner. This review considers the structural pharmacology and actions of PTH and PTHrP, biological consequences of inherited mutations, engineered analogs that illuminate similarities and differences in physiologic actions, and targeted therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry J Suva
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas Veterinary Medical Center 4466 Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Peter A Friedman
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Laboratory for GPCR Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
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Phosphate, Calcium, and Vitamin D: Key Regulators of Fetal and Placental Development in Mammals. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1354:77-107. [PMID: 34807438 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-85686-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Normal calcium and bone homeostasis in the adult is virtually fully explained by the interactions of several key regulatory hormones, including parathyroid hormone, 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D3, fibroblast growth factor-23, calcitonin, and sex steroids (estradiol and testosterone). In utero, bone and mineral metabolism is regulated differently from the adult. During development, it is the placenta and not the fetal kidneys, intestines, or skeleton that is the primary source of minerals for the fetus. The placenta is able to meet the almost inexhaustible needs of the fetus for minerals by actively driving the transport of calcium and phosphorus from the maternal circulation to the growing fetus. These fundamentally important minerals are maintained in the fetal circulation at higher concentrations than those in maternal blood. Maintenance of these inordinately higher fetal levels is necessary for the developing skeleton to accrue sufficient minerals by term. Importantly, in livestock species, prenatal mineralization of the skeleton is crucial for the high levels of offspring activity soon after birth. Calcium is required for mineralization, as well as a plethora of other physiological functions. Placental calcium and phosphate transport are regulated by several mechanisms that are discussed in this review. It is clear that phosphate and calcium metabolism is intimately interrelated and, therefore, placental transport of these minerals cannot be considered in isolation.
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Ito N, Prideaux M, Wijenayaka AR, Yang D, Ormsby RT, Bonewald LF, Atkins GJ. Sclerostin Directly Stimulates Osteocyte Synthesis of Fibroblast Growth Factor-23. Calcif Tissue Int 2021; 109:66-76. [PMID: 33616712 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-021-00823-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Osteocyte produced fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is the key regulator of serum phosphate (Pi) homeostasis. The interplay between parathyroid hormone (PTH), FGF23 and other proteins that regulate FGF23 production and serum Pi levels is complex and incompletely characterised. Evidence suggests that the protein product of the SOST gene, sclerostin (SCL), also a PTH target and also produced by osteocytes, plays a role in FGF23 expression, however the mechanism for this effect is unclear. Part of the problem of understanding the interplay of these mediators is the complex multi-organ system that achieves Pi homeostasis in vivo. In the current study, we sought to address this using a cell line model of the osteocyte, IDG-SW3, known to express FGF23 at both the mRNA and protein levels. In cultures of differentiated IDG-SW3 cells, both PTH1-34 and recombinant human (rh) SCL remarkably induced Fgf23 mRNA expression dose-dependently within 3 h. Both rhPTH1-34 and rhSCL also strongly induced C-terminal FGF23 protein secretion. Secreted intact FGF23 levels remained unchanged, consistent with constitutive post-translational cleavage of FGF23 in this cell model. Both rhPTH1-34 and rhSCL treatments significantly suppressed mRNA levels of Phex, Dmp1 and Enpp1 mRNA, encoding putative negative regulators of FGF23 levels, and induced Galnt3 mRNA expression, encoding N-acetylgalactosaminyl-transferase 3 (GalNAc-T3), which protects FGF23 from furin-like proprotein convertase-mediated cleavage. The effect of both rhPTH1-34 and rhSCL was antagonised by pre-treatment with the NF-κβ signalling inhibitors, BAY11 and TPCK. RhSCL also stimulated FGF23 mRNA expression in ex vivo cultures of human bone. These findings provide evidence for the direct regulation of FGF23 expression by sclerostin. Locally expressed sclerostin via the induction of FGF23 in osteocytes thus has the potential to contribute to the regulation of Pi homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuaki Ito
- Biomedical Orthopaedic Research Group, Centre for Orthopaedic & Trauma Research, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Matthew Prideaux
- Biomedical Orthopaedic Research Group, Centre for Orthopaedic & Trauma Research, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- School of Medicine, Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Asiri R Wijenayaka
- Biomedical Orthopaedic Research Group, Centre for Orthopaedic & Trauma Research, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Dongqing Yang
- Biomedical Orthopaedic Research Group, Centre for Orthopaedic & Trauma Research, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Renee T Ormsby
- Biomedical Orthopaedic Research Group, Centre for Orthopaedic & Trauma Research, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lynda F Bonewald
- School of Medicine, Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Gerald J Atkins
- Biomedical Orthopaedic Research Group, Centre for Orthopaedic & Trauma Research, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
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Purinergic Signaling Mediates PTH and Fluid Flow-Induced Osteoblast Proliferation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6674570. [PMID: 33575337 PMCID: PMC7864748 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6674570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Both parathyroid hormone (PTH) and mechanical signals are able to regulate bone growth and regeneration. They also can work synergistically to regulate osteoblast proliferation, but little is known about the mechanisms how PTH and mechanical signals interact with each other during this process. In this study, we investigated responses of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts to PTH and oscillatory fluid flow. We found that osteoblasts are more sensitive to mechanical signals in the presence of PTH according to ERK1/2 phosphorylation, ATP release, CREB phosphorylation, and cell proliferation. PTH may also reduce the osteoblast refractory period after desensitization due to mechanical signals. We further found that the synergistic responses of osteoblasts to fluid flow or ATP with PTH had similar patterns, suggesting that synergy between fluid flow and PTH may be through the ATP pathway. After we inhibited ATP effects using apyrase in osteoblasts, their synergistic responses to mechanical stimulation and PTH were also inhibited. Additionally, knocking down P2Y2 purinergic receptors can significantly attenuate osteoblast synergistic responses to mechanical stimulation and PTH in terms of ERK1/2 phosphorylation, CREB phosphorylation, and cell proliferation. Thus, our results suggest that PTH enhances mechanosensitivity of osteoblasts via a mechanism involving ATP and P2Y2 purinergic receptors.
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van Gastel J, Leysen H, Boddaert J, Vangenechten L, Luttrell LM, Martin B, Maudsley S. Aging-related modifications to G protein-coupled receptor signaling diversity. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 223:107793. [PMID: 33316288 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a highly complex molecular process, affecting nearly all tissue systems in humans and is the highest risk factor in developing neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, cardiovascular disease and Type 2 diabetes mellitus. The intense complexity of the aging process creates an incentive to develop more specific drugs that attenuate or even reverse some of the features of premature aging. As our current pharmacopeia is dominated by therapeutics that target members of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily it may be prudent to search for effective anti-aging therapeutics in this fertile domain. Since the first demonstration of GPCR-based β-arrestin signaling, it has become clear that an enhanced appreciation of GPCR signaling diversity may facilitate the creation of therapeutics with selective signaling activities. Such 'biased' ligand signaling profiles can be effectively investigated using both standard molecular biological techniques as well as high-dimensionality data analyses. Through a more nuanced appreciation of the quantitative nature across the multiple dimensions of signaling bias that drugs possess, researchers may be able to further refine the efficacy of GPCR modulators to impact the complex aberrations that constitute the aging process. Identifying novel effector profiles could expand the effective pharmacopeia and assist in the design of precision medicines. This review discusses potential non-G protein effectors, and specifically their potential therapeutic suitability in aging and age-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaana van Gastel
- Receptor Biology Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Faculty of Pharmacy, Biomedical and Veterinary Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hanne Leysen
- Receptor Biology Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Faculty of Pharmacy, Biomedical and Veterinary Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jan Boddaert
- Molecular Pathology Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Laura Vangenechten
- Receptor Biology Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Louis M Luttrell
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Medical Genetics, Medical University of South Carolina, USA
| | - Bronwen Martin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Biomedical and Veterinary Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Stuart Maudsley
- Receptor Biology Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Faculty of Pharmacy, Biomedical and Veterinary Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
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