1
|
Poornejad N, Schaumann LB, Buckmiller EM, Roeder BL, Cook AD. Current Cell-Based Strategies for Whole Kidney Regeneration. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2016; 22:358-370. [PMID: 26905375 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2015.0520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney diseases affect thousands of people worldwide. Although hemodialysis alleviates the situation by filtering the patient's blood, it does not replace other kidney functions such as hormone release or homeostasis regulation. Consequently, orthotopic transplantation of donor organs is the ultimate treatment for patients suffering from end-stage renal failure. Unfortunately, the number of patients on the waiting list far exceeds the number of donors. In addition, recipients must remain on immunosuppressive medications for the remainder of their lives, which increases the risk of morbidity due to their weakened immune system. Despite recent advancements in whole organ transplantation, 40% of recipients will face rejection of implanted organs with a life expectancy of only 10 years. Bioengineered patient-specific kidneys could be an inexhaustible source of healthy kidneys without the risk of immune rejection. The purpose of this article is to review the pros and cons of several bioengineering strategies used in recent years and their unresolved issues. These strategies include repopulation of natural scaffolds with a patient's cells, de-novo generation of kidneys using patient-induced pluripotent stem cells combined with stepwise differentiation, and the creation of a patient's kidney in the embryos of other mammalian species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Poornejad
- 1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University , Provo, Utah
| | - Lara B Schaumann
- 1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University , Provo, Utah
| | - Evan M Buckmiller
- 2 Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Brigham Young University , Provo, Utah
| | | | - Alonzo D Cook
- 1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University , Provo, Utah
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Vanslambrouck JM, Little MH. Direct transcriptional reprogramming to nephron progenitors. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2015; 34:10-6. [PMID: 26177475 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The direct reprogramming of one cell fate to another represents an attractive option for the generation of specific endpoints for cellular therapy. This appears to require both the reactivation of critical transcription factor regulatory networks and chromatin remodelling. The direct reprogramming of mature renal epithelial cell lines to a nephron progenitor state has been reported. However, our limited knowledge of the optimal growth conditions to maintain this state remains a challenge for their therapeutic application. Here we examine whether nephron progenitors as an endpoint of direct reprogramming have been suitably defined and whether alternative options for reprogramming to kidney exist.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Vanslambrouck
- The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Melissa H Little
- The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shukrun R, Pode-Shakked N, Pleniceanu O, Omer D, Vax E, Peer E, Pri-Chen S, Jacob J, Hu Q, Harari-Steinberg O, Huff V, Dekel B. Wilms' tumor blastemal stem cells dedifferentiate to propagate the tumor bulk. Stem Cell Reports 2014; 3:24-33. [PMID: 25068119 PMCID: PMC4110791 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2014.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 05/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
An open question remains in cancer stem cell (CSC) biology whether CSCs are by definition at the top of the differentiation hierarchy of the tumor. Wilms’ tumor (WT), composed of blastema and differentiated renal elements resembling the nephrogenic zone of the developing kidney, is a valuable model for studying this question because early kidney differentiation is well characterized. WT neural cell adhesion molecule 1-positive (NCAM1+) aldehyde dehydrogenase 1-positive (ALDH1+) CSCs have been recently isolated and shown to harbor early renal progenitor traits. Herein, by generating pure blastema WT xenografts, composed solely of cells expressing the renal developmental markers SIX2 and NCAM1, we surprisingly show that sorted ALDH1+ WT CSCs do not correspond to earliest renal stem cells. Rather, gene expression and proteomic comparative analyses disclose a cell type skewed more toward epithelial differentiation than the bulk of the blastema. Thus, WT CSCs are likely to dedifferentiate to propagate WT blastema. The Wilms’ tumor (WT) blastema can be exclusively propagated in mice Gene and protein analyses place the WT CSC at a specific developmental stage WT CSCs do not correspond to the earliest renal stem cells WT CSCs are likely to dedifferentiate to propagate WT blastema
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Shukrun
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 5262000, Israel
- Sheba Centers for Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Research, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Tel Hashomer 5262000, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Naomi Pode-Shakked
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 5262000, Israel
- Sheba Centers for Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Research, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Tel Hashomer 5262000, Israel
- Dr. Pinchas Borenstein Talpiot Medical Leadership Program 2013, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 5262000, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Oren Pleniceanu
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 5262000, Israel
- Sheba Centers for Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Research, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Tel Hashomer 5262000, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Dorit Omer
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 5262000, Israel
- Sheba Centers for Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Research, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Tel Hashomer 5262000, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Einav Vax
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 5262000, Israel
- Sheba Centers for Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Research, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Tel Hashomer 5262000, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Eyal Peer
- Sheba Centers for Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Research, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Tel Hashomer 5262000, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Sara Pri-Chen
- The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger Eye Research Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 5262000, Israel
| | - Jasmine Jacob
- Sheba Centers for Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Research, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Tel Hashomer 5262000, Israel
| | - Qianghua Hu
- Department of Genetics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Orit Harari-Steinberg
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 5262000, Israel
- Sheba Centers for Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Research, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Tel Hashomer 5262000, Israel
| | - Vicki Huff
- Department of Genetics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Benjamin Dekel
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 5262000, Israel
- Sheba Centers for Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Research, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Tel Hashomer 5262000, Israel
- The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger Eye Research Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 5262000, Israel
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 5262000, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Corresponding author
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bussolati B, Dekel B, Azzarone B, Camussi G. Human renal cancer stem cells. Cancer Lett 2012; 338:141-6. [PMID: 22587951 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Revised: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs), isolated in renal carcinomas, exhibit tumor-initiating capabilities and pluripotency. No specific CSC markers have been identified so far; therefore, their characterization is mainly based on functional studies. As they are resistant to chemo and radio therapy, renal CSCs may have a relevant role in tumor establishment, progression, and recurrence. CSCs were also shown to contribute to intra-tumor vasculogenesis through an endothelial differentiation and to favor the generation of the pre-metastatic niche through the release of exosomes/microvesicles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Bussolati
- Department of Internal Medicine, Research Center for Experimental Medicine and Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pode-Shakked N, Dekel B. Wilms tumor--a renal stem cell malignancy? Pediatr Nephrol 2011; 26:1535-43. [PMID: 21499773 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-011-1858-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2010] [Revised: 02/03/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Wilms' tumor (WT; nephroblastoma) is the most common pediatric renal malignancy and rated fourth in overall incidence among childhood cancers. It is viewed as a prototype of differentiation failure in human neoplasia as it recapitulates the histology of the nephrogenic zone of the growing fetal kidney. The cellular origin of WT is unclear. However, recent genomic, genetic and epigenetic studies point to an early renal stem/progenitor cell that undergoes malignant transformation as the source for WT. In this context, classical WT shares genes and pathways activated in progenitors committed to the renal lineage. However, direct proof and characterization of the WT initiating cell have remained elusive. Novel methodologies recently adopted from the cancer stem cell scientific field, including the analysis of sorted single human tumor cells, have been applied to WT. These have enabled the identification of cell sub-populations that show similarities-in terms of molecular marker expression-to human fetal kidney progenitors and are, therefore, likely to be derivatives of the same lineage. Further elucidation of the WT cancer stem cell or the cell of origin in human tumors and in transgenic mouse models that generate murine tumors may not only provide novel therapeutic targets but also shed light on the normal kidney stem cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Pode-Shakked
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond & Lili Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Center for Regenerative Medicine, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sims-Lucas S, Young RJ, Martinez G, Taylor D, Grimmond SM, Teasdale R, Little MH, Bertram JF, Caruana G. Redirection of renal mesenchyme to stromal and chondrocytic fates in the presence of TGF-β2. Differentiation 2010; 79:272-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2010.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2009] [Revised: 01/14/2010] [Accepted: 01/31/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|