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Nummelin S, Selin M, Legrand S, Ropponen J, Seitsonen J, Nykänen A, Koivisto J, Hirvonen J, Kostiainen MA, Bimbo LM. Modular synthesis of self-assembling Janus-dendrimers and facile preparation of drug-loaded dendrimersomes. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:7189-7198. [PMID: 28513636 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr08102a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Materials and methods aimed at the next generation of nanoscale carriers for drugs and other therapeutics are currently in great demand. Yet, creating these precise molecular arrangements in a feasible and straightforward manner represents a remarkable challenge. Herein we report a modular synthetic route for amphiphilic Janus-dendrimers via a copper-catalyzed click reaction (CuAAC) and a facile procedure, using simple injection, to obtain highly uniform dendrimersomes with efficient loading of the model drug compound propranolol. The resulting assemblies were analyzed by dynamic light scattering and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy revealing the formation of unilamellar and multilamellar dendrimersomes. The formation of a bilayer structure was confirmed using cryo-TEM and confocal microscopy visualization of an encapsulated solvatochromic dye (Nile Red). The dendrimersomes reported here are tunable in size, stable over time and display robust thermal stability in aqueous media. Our results expand the scope of dendrimer-based supramolecular colloidal systems and offer the means for one-step fabrication of drug-loaded dendrimersomes in the size range of 90-200 nm, ideal for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Nummelin
- Biohybrid Materials, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, FI-00076, Finland.
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Selin M, Peltonen L, Hirvonen J, Bimbo LM. Dendrimers and their supramolecular nanostructures for biomedical applications. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Wang X, Jin C, Han Q, Jiang Y, Zeng F, Ma Z, Wang B. Synthesis, Self-Assembly, and Host-Guest Response of Naphthalic Anhydride-Ended Hyperbranched Polyesters. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201500452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials; Key Laboratory of Applied Photochemisty; School of Chemistry and Materials Science; Nanjing Normal University; Nanjing 210097 China
| | - Can Jin
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Materials; National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization; Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products; CAF; Nanjing 210042 China
| | - Qiaorong Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials; Key Laboratory of Applied Photochemisty; School of Chemistry and Materials Science; Nanjing Normal University; Nanjing 210097 China
| | - Yuliang Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials; Key Laboratory of Applied Photochemisty; School of Chemistry and Materials Science; Nanjing Normal University; Nanjing 210097 China
| | - Fanyang Zeng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials; Key Laboratory of Applied Photochemisty; School of Chemistry and Materials Science; Nanjing Normal University; Nanjing 210097 China
| | - Zhenye Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials; Key Laboratory of Applied Photochemisty; School of Chemistry and Materials Science; Nanjing Normal University; Nanjing 210097 China
| | - Bingxiang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials; Key Laboratory of Applied Photochemisty; School of Chemistry and Materials Science; Nanjing Normal University; Nanjing 210097 China
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Multiple antigenic peptide (MAP): a synthetic peptide dendrimer for diagnostic, antiviral and vaccine strategies for emerging and re-emerging viral diseases. INDIAN JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY : AN OFFICIAL ORGAN OF INDIAN VIROLOGICAL SOCIETY 2013; 24:312-20. [PMID: 24426293 PMCID: PMC3832690 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-013-0162-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The peptide dendrimer provides novel strategies for various biological applications. Assembling of peptide in macromolecular structure is expected to give rational models as drugs, their delivery and diagnostic reagents. Improved understanding of virus structure and their molecular interactions with ligands have paved the way for treatment and control of emerging and re-emerging viral diseases. This review presents a brief account of a synthetic peptide dendrimer used for diagnostic, therapeutic and prophylactic applications. The designs comprise of multiple antigenic peptides which are being used as alternate synthetic antigens for different viruses.
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Lahtinen M, Nättinen K, Nummelin S. 3,4,5-Trimethoxy-4′-methylbiphenyl. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2013; 69:o810-1. [PMID: 23723948 PMCID: PMC3648328 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536813010969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Lahtinen M, Nummelin S. 3,4-Dimeth-oxy-4'-methyl-biphen-yl. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2013; 69:o681. [PMID: 23723841 PMCID: PMC3647875 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536813008957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In the title compound, C15H16O2, the dihedral angle between the planes of the aromatic rings is 30.5 (2)°. In the crystal, molecules are linked via C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and C—H⋯π interactions, forming a two-dimensional network lying parallel to (100).
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Affiliation(s)
- Manu Lahtinen
- University of Jyväskylä, Department of Chemistry, PO Box 35, FI-40014 JY, Finland
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Lahtinen M, Nättinen K, Nummelin S. 3,5-Dimeth-oxy-4'-methyl-biphen-yl. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2013; 69:o510-1. [PMID: 23634057 PMCID: PMC3629539 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536813006053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The title compound, C15H16O2, crystallizes with three independent molecules in the asymmetric unit. The intramolecular torsion angle between the aromatic rings of each molecule are −36.4 (3), 41.3 (3) and −37.8 (3)°. In the crystal, the complicated packing of the molecules forms wave-like layers along the b and c axes. The molecules are connected via extensive methoxy–phenyl C—H⋯π interactions. A weak C—H⋯O hydrogen-bonding network also exists between methoxy O atoms and aromatic or methoxy H atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manu Lahtinen
- University of Jyväskylä, Department of Chemistry, PO Box 35, FI-40014 JY, Finland
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Viljanen EK, Skrifvars M, Vallittu PK. Dendrimer/methyl methacrylate co-polymers: residual methyl methacrylate and degree of conversion. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2012; 16:1219-31. [PMID: 16268249 DOI: 10.1163/156856205774269566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Dendrimer/methyl methacrylate co-polymers were studied for use in dental composites. The aim was to determine the effects of methyl methacrylate concentration in the resin mixture and polymerization method on the degree of conversion and residual monomer content of the copolymers. Two dendrimers were studied, D12 with 12 reactive methacrylate groups and D24 with 24 reactive groups. The concentration of methyl methacrylate varied from 20 wt% to 50 wt% of monomers. Camphorquinone (CQ) was used as the light-activation initiator and 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) as the activator, both in the quantity of 3.0 wt%. Three polymerization methods were used: photo-polymerization, photo-polymerized immediately followed by post-polymerization at 120 degrees C for 15 min, and photo-polymerization followed by postpolymerization after 7 days. The degree of conversion was determined using FT-IR. Residual monomers were extracted with tetrahydrofuran and methanol and analyzed with HPLC. The highest degrees of conversion were 65 and 62%, and the lowest residual monomer contents 1.0 and 1.5% for D12 and D24, respectively. These were measured after heat-induced post-polymerization. For D12, increasing the proportion of methyl methacrylate decreased the degree of conversion and increased the residual monomer content after photo-polymerization. Post-polymerization enhanced the polymerization of the dendrimer co-polymers in respect of degree of conversion and residual monomer content. The present study suggested that the tested dendrimer/methyl methacrylate copolymers require heat-induced polymerization to reach the generally accepted levels of degree of conversion and residual monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eeva K Viljanen
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomaterials Research, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Lemminkaisenkatu 2, FI-20520 Turku, Finland.
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Kiran BM, Jayaraman N. Thiol−Disulfide Interchange Mediated Reversible Dendritic Megamer Formation and Dissociation. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma9010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Manjappa Kiran
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
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Tuuttila T, Lipsonen J, Lahtinen M, Huuskonen J, Rissanen K. Synthesis and characterization of chiral azobenzene dye functionalized Janus dendrimers. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.08.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Bury I, Heinrich B, Bourgogne C, Guillon D, Donnio B. Supramolecular Self-Organization of “Janus-like” Diblock Codendrimers: Synthesis, Thermal Behavior, and Phase Structure Modeling. Chemistry 2006; 12:8396-413. [PMID: 16892472 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200600449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We report on the design and synthesis of three series of segmented amphiphilic block codendrimers, and on their self-organizing behavior in liquid-crystalline mesophases. Connecting two prefunctionalized monodendrons, each differing in their chemical constitution and generation number, yielded these diblock supermolecules. One wedge of the codendrimer was made hydrophobic, and is based on a branched poly(benzyl ether) monodendron functionalized at the periphery by lipophilic aliphatic fragments (also known as Percec dendrons). The other segment was made hydrophilic by the grafting of hydroxyl-containing moieties onto the focal functions of the former dendrons. Both types of dendrons were prepared independently by convergent methods and then joined in the ultimate stage of the synthetic procedure by cross-coupling reactions. In this way, the proportion of the dendritic blocks was varied independently to allow control of the hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance (HHB), the hydrogen-bonding ability, and consequently the capacity to tune the mesomorphic properties of the resulting "superamphiphiles" was anticipated. Essentially all the dendritic compounds display a thermotropic mesomorphism directly at or near room temperature as determined by using X-ray diffraction, polarized optical microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. The nature and the supramolecular organization of the mesophases, namely columnar and cubic phases, are correlated to the size of the respective block monodendrons and the chemical structures of the dendromesogens. The molecular organization within the cubic phases can be geometrically described and well understood by the space-filling polyhedron model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Bury
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Groupe des Matériaux Organiques, UMR 7504-CNRS/Université Louis Pasteur, 23 rue du Loess, BP 43, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
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Nithyanandhan J, Jayaraman N. Efficient halogen–lithium exchange reactions to functionalize poly(alkyl aryl ether) dendrimers. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Carbonnier B, Andreopoulou AK, Pakula T, Kallitsis JK. Effect of Structural Parameters on the Supramolecular Organization of Rigid-Flexible Polymers. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200400202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Abstract
Dendrimers are branched structures and represent a fast growing field covering many areas of chemistry. Various types of dendrimers differing in composition and structure are mentioned, together with their practical use spanning from catalysis, transport vehicles to synthetic vaccines. The main stress is given to peptide dendrimers, namely, multiple antigenic peptides (MAPs). Their synthesis, physicochemical properties, biological activities, etc. have been described with many examples. MAPs can be used as diagnostics, mimetics, for complexation of different cations, as vaccines against parasites, bacteria, viruses, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Niederhafner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Ropponen J, Tuuttila T, Lahtinen M, Nummelin S, Rissanen K. Thermal and X-ray powder diffraction studies of aliphatic polyester dendrimers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.20367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Viljanen EK, Skrifvars M, Vallittu PK. Degree of conversion of a copolymer of an experimental monomer and methyl methacrylate for dental applications. J Appl Polym Sci 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/app.20654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Abstract
Polymers with ester linkages in their main chain comprise a family of polymers with immense diversity and versatility. This review deals with the preparation of such polymers from dicarboxylic acid monomers, and the result in terms of properties and applicability. Polyesters alone, and their copolymers with amides, anhydrides, urethanes, imides, ethers or other functional groups, offer countless opportunities to tune the properties of the resulting material within a broad range. Of particular interest is the inherent biodegradability of the ester linkage. Biodegradability is sought after in a wide range of applications, above all in the preparation of environmentally friendly polymers and biomedical materials for temporary surgical use and in drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Edlund
- Department of Polymer Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
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Wei H, Kou H, Shi W, Nie K, Zhan Y. Photopolymerizable hyperbranched (meth)acrylated poly(amine ester). J Appl Polym Sci 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/app.11247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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