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Wang X, Li H, Wang Z, Chen J, Chen W, Zhou X, Zhang L, Xu S, Gao XD, Yang G. Site- and Structure-Specific Glycosylation Signatures of Bovine, Caprine, Porcine, and Human Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:20826-20837. [PMID: 38096130 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound vesicles released by living cells. As vesicles for macromolecule transmission and intercellular communication, EVs are broadly applied in clinical diagnosis and biomimetic drug delivery. Milk-derived EVs (MEVs) are an ideal choice for scale-up applications because they exhibit biocompatibility and are easily obtained. Herein, intact glycopeptides in MEVs from bovines, caprines, porcines, and humans were comprehensively analyzed by high-resolution mass spectrometry using the sceHCD, followed by the EThcD fragment method, revealing that protein glycosylation is abundant and heterogeneous in MEVs. The dominant glycans in all MEVs were sialic acid-modified N-linked glycans (over 50%). A couple of species-specific glycans were also characterized, which are potentially markers of different original EVs. Interestingly, the Neu5Gc-modified glycans were enriched in caprine milk-derived EVs (58 ± 2%). Heterogeneity of MEV protein glycosylation was observed for glycosites and glycan compositions, and the structural heterogeneity of protein glycosylation was also identified and validated. The glycosignatures of EV biogenesis- and endocytosis-related proteins (CD63 and MFGE8) were significantly different in these four species. Overall, we comprehensively characterized the glycosylation signature of MEVs from four different species and provided insight into protein glycosylation related to drug target delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hanjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zibo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jingru Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wenyan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xiaoman Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Shiqian Xu
- Henan XinDa Livestock Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ganglong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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Harpole M, Davis J, Espina V. Current state of the art for enhancing urine biomarker discovery. Expert Rev Proteomics 2017; 13:609-26. [PMID: 27232439 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2016.1190651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Urine is a highly desirable biospecimen for biomarker analysis because it can be collected recurrently by non-invasive techniques, in relatively large volumes. Urine contains cellular elements, biochemicals, and proteins derived from glomerular filtration of plasma, renal tubule excretion, and urogenital tract secretions that reflect, at a given time point, an individual's metabolic and pathophysiologic state. AREAS COVERED High-resolution mass spectrometry, coupled with state of the art fractionation systems are revealing the plethora of diagnostic/prognostic proteomic information existing within urinary exosomes, glycoproteins, and proteins. Affinity capture pre-processing techniques such as combinatorial peptide ligand libraries and biomarker harvesting hydrogel nanoparticles are enabling measurement/identification of previously undetectable urinary proteins. Expert commentary: Future challenges in the urinary proteomics field include a) defining either single or multiple, universally applicable data normalization methods for comparing results within and between individual patients/data sets, and b) defining expected urinary protein levels in healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Harpole
- a Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine , George Mason University , Manassas , VA , USA
| | - Justin Davis
- b Department of Chemistry/Biochemistry , George Mason University , Manassas , VA , USA
| | - Virginia Espina
- a Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine , George Mason University , Manassas , VA , USA
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Saraswat M, Joenväära S, Musante L, Peltoniemi H, Holthofer H, Renkonen R. N-linked (N-) glycoproteomics of urinary exosomes. [Corrected]. Mol Cell Proteomics 2014; 14:263-76. [PMID: 25452312 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m114.040345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cells lining the urinary tract secrete urinary exosomes (40-100 nm) that can be targeted to specific cells modulating their functionality. One potential targeting mechanism is adhesion between vesicle surface glycoproteins and target cells. This makes the glycopeptide analysis of exosomes important. Exosomes reflect the physiological state of the parent cells; therefore, they are a good source of biomarkers for urological and other diseases. Moreover, the urine collection is easy and noninvasive and urinary exosomes give information about renal and systemic organ systems. Accordingly, multiple studies on proteomic characterization of urinary exosomes in health and disease have been published. However, no systematic analysis of their glycoproteomic profile has been carried out to date, whereas a conserved glycan signature has been found for exosomes from urine and other sources including T cell lines and human milk. Here, we have enriched and identified the N-glycopeptides from these vesicles. These enriched N-glycopeptides were solved for their peptide sequence, glycan composition, structure, and glycosylation site using collision-induced dissociation MS/MS (CID-tandem MS) data interpreted by a publicly available software GlycopeptideId. Released glycans from the same sample was also analyzed with MALDI-MS. We have identified the N-glycoproteome of urinary exosomes. In total 126 N-glycopeptides from 51 N-glycosylation sites belonging to 37 glycoproteins were found in our results. The peptide sequences of these N-glycopeptides were identified unambiguously and their glycan composition (for 125 N-glycopeptides) and structures (for 87 N-glycopeptides) were proposed. A corresponding glycomic analysis with released N-glycans was also performed. We identified 66 unique nonmodified N-glycan compositions and in addition 13 sulfated/phosphorylated glycans were also found. This is the first systematic analysis of N-glycoproteome of urinary exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Saraswat
- From the ‡Transplantation Laboratory, Haartman Institute, PO Box 21, Haartmaninkatu 3, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sakari Joenväära
- §HUSLAB, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Luca Musante
- ¶Centre for Bioanalytical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Hannu Peltoniemi
- ‖Applied Numerics Ltd, Nuottapolku 10 A 8, 00330 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Harry Holthofer
- ¶Centre for Bioanalytical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Risto Renkonen
- From the ‡Transplantation Laboratory, Haartman Institute, PO Box 21, Haartmaninkatu 3, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland; §HUSLAB, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland;
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Genes involved in the endoplasmic reticulum N-glycosylation pathway of the red microalga Porphyridium sp.: a bioinformatic study. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:2305-26. [PMID: 24514561 PMCID: PMC3958852 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15022305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
N-glycosylation is one of the most important post-translational modifications that influence protein polymorphism, including protein structures and their functions. Although this important biological process has been extensively studied in mammals, only limited knowledge exists regarding glycosylation in algae. The current research is focused on the red microalga Porphyridium sp., which is a potentially valuable source for various applications, such as skin therapy, food, and pharmaceuticals. The enzymes involved in the biosynthesis and processing of N-glycans remain undefined in this species, and the mechanism(s) of their genetic regulation is completely unknown. In this study, we describe our pioneering attempt to understand the endoplasmic reticulum N-Glycosylation pathway in Porphyridium sp., using a bioinformatic approach. Homology searches, based on sequence similarities with genes encoding proteins involved in the ER N-glycosylation pathway (including their conserved parts) were conducted using the TBLASTN function on the algae DNA scaffold contigs database. This approach led to the identification of 24 encoded-genes implicated with the ER N-glycosylation pathway in Porphyridium sp. Homologs were found for almost all known N-glycosylation protein sequences in the ER pathway of Porphyridium sp.; thus, suggesting that the ER-pathway is conserved; as it is in other organisms (animals, plants, yeasts, etc.).
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Pohar J, Pirher N, Benčina M, Manček-Keber M, Jerala R. The role of UNC93B1 protein in surface localization of TLR3 receptor and in cell priming to nucleic acid agonists. J Biol Chem 2012; 288:442-54. [PMID: 23166319 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.413922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Translocation of nucleic acid-sensing (NAS) Toll-like receptors (TLRs) to endosomes is essential for response to microbial nucleic acids as well as for prevention of the autoimmune response. The accessory protein UNC93B1 is indispensable for activation of NAS TLRs because it regulates their response through trafficking to endosomes. We observed that poly(I:C) up-regulates transcription of UNC93B1 and promotes trafficking of TLR3 to the plasma membrane in human epithelial cell line. Up-regulation of UNC93B1 is triggered through TLR3 activation by poly(I:C). Further studies revealed that expression of UNC93B1 promotes trafficking of differentially glycosylated TLR3, but not other NAS TLRs, to the plasma membrane. UNC93B1 promoter region contains binding sites for poly(I:C)- and type I interferon-inducible regulatory elements. UNC93B1 also increases the protein lifetime of TLR3 and TLR9 and augments signaling of all NAS TLRs. Furthermore, we discovered that poly(I:C) pretreatment primes B-cells to the activation by ssDNA via up-regulation of UNC93B1. Our findings identified TLR3 as the important regulator of UNC93B1 that in turn governs the responsiveness of all NAS TLRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelka Pohar
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, Slovenia
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Yanaka S, 谷 中, Sano E, 佐 野, Naruse N, 成 瀬, Miura KI, 三 浦, Futatsumori-Sugai M, 二 ツ, Caaveiro JMM, Tsumoto K, 津 本. Non-core region modulates interleukin-11 signaling activity: generation of agonist and antagonist variants. J Biol Chem 2010; 286:8085-8093. [PMID: 21138838 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.152561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Human interleukin-11 (hIL-11) is a pleiotropic cytokine administered to patients with low platelet counts. From a structural point of view hIL-11 belongs to the long-helix cytokine superfamily, which is characterized by a conserved core motif consisting of four α-helices. We have investigated the region of hIL-11 that does not belong to the α-helical bundle motif, and that for the purpose of brevity we have termed "non-core region." The primary sequence of the interleukin was altered at various locations within the non-core region by introducing glycosylation sites. Functional consequences of these modifications were examined in cell-based as well as biophysical assays. Overall, the data indicated that the non-core region modulates the function of hIL-11 in two ways. First, the majority of muteins displayed enhanced cell-stimulatory properties (superagonist behavior) in a glycosylation-dependent manner, suggesting that the non-core region is biologically designed to limit the full potential of hIL-11. Second, specific modification of a predicted mini α-helix led to cytokine inactivation, demonstrating that this putative structural element belongs to site III engaging a second copy of cell-receptor gp130. These findings have unveiled new and unexpected elements modulating the biological activity of hIL-11, which may be exploited to develop more versatile medications based on this important cytokine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeko Yanaka
- From the Department of Medical Genome Science, School of Frontier Sciences, and
| | - 中冴子 谷
- From the Department of Medical Genome Science, School of Frontier Sciences, and
| | - Emiko Sano
- From the Department of Medical Genome Science, School of Frontier Sciences, and; The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8562 and
| | - 野恵海子 佐
- From the Department of Medical Genome Science, School of Frontier Sciences, and; The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8562 and
| | | | - 瀬紀男 成
- Proteios Inc., Kamakura, 248-8555, Japan
| | - Kin-Ichiro Miura
- From the Department of Medical Genome Science, School of Frontier Sciences, and
| | - 浦謹一郎 三
- From the Department of Medical Genome Science, School of Frontier Sciences, and
| | | | - ツ森ー菅井睦美 二
- From the Department of Medical Genome Science, School of Frontier Sciences, and
| | - Jose M M Caaveiro
- From the Department of Medical Genome Science, School of Frontier Sciences, and; The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8562 and
| | - Kouhei Tsumoto
- From the Department of Medical Genome Science, School of Frontier Sciences, and; The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8562 and.
| | - 本浩平 津
- From the Department of Medical Genome Science, School of Frontier Sciences, and; The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8562 and
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Okada T, Ihara H, Ito R, Nakano M, Matsumoto K, Yamaguchi Y, Taniguchi N, Ikeda Y. N-Glycosylation engineering of lepidopteran insect cells by the introduction of the 1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase III gene. Glycobiology 2010; 20:1147-59. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwq080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
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Shriver Z, Raman R, Viswanathan K, Sasisekharan R. Context-specific target definition in influenza a virus hemagglutinin-glycan receptor interactions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 16:803-14. [PMID: 19716471 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2009.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2009] [Revised: 07/28/2009] [Accepted: 08/03/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Protein-glycan interactions are important regulators of a variety of biological processes, ranging from immune recognition to anticoagulation. An important area of active research is directed toward understanding the role of host cell surface glycans as recognition sites for pathogen protein receptors. Recognition of cell surface glycans is a widely employed strategy for a variety of pathogens, including bacteria, parasites, and viruses. We present here a representative example of such an interaction: the binding of influenza A hemagglutinin (HA) to specific sialylated glycans on the cell surface of human upper airway epithelial cells, which initiates the infection cycle. We detail a generalizable strategy to understand the nature of protein-glycan interactions both structurally and biochemically, using HA as a model system. This strategy combines a top-down approach using available structural information to define important contacts between glycans and HA, with a bottom-up approach using data-mining and informatics approaches to identify the common motifs that distinguish glycan binders from nonbinders. By probing protein-glycan interactions simultaneously through top-down and bottom-up approaches, we can scientifically validate a series of observations. This in turn provides additional confidence and surmounts known challenges in the study of protein-glycan interactions, such as accounting for multivalency, and thus truly defines concepts such as specificity, affinity, and avidity. With the advent of new technologies for glycomics-including glycan arrays, data-mining solutions, and robust algorithms to model protein-glycan interactions-we anticipate that such combination approaches will become tractable for a wide variety of protein-glycan interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Shriver
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02139, USA
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An efficient platform for screening expression and crystallization of glycoproteins produced in human cells. Nat Protoc 2009; 4:592-604. [PMID: 19373230 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2009.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Glycoproteins are involved in diverse biological processes ranging from extracellular contact and recognition to intracellular signaling. Crystal structures of glycoproteins would yield tremendous insight into these processes. But glycoprotein structural analysis has been hindered by difficulties in expressing milligram quantities of stable, homogeneous protein and determining which modifications will yield samples amenable to crystallization. We describe a platform, which we have proven to be effective for rapidly screening expression and crystallization of a challenging glycoprotein target. In this protocol, multiple glycoprotein ectodomain constructs are produced in parallel by transient expression of adherent human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293T cells and are subsequently screened for crystals in microscale quantities by free interface diffusion. As a result, recombinant proteins are produced and processed in a native, mammalian environment, and crystallization screening can be accomplished with as little as 65 microg of protein. Moreover, large numbers of constructs can be generated, screened and scaled up for expression and crystallization, with results obtained in 4 weeks.
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Abstract
In recent decades, protein-based therapeutics have substantially expanded the field of molecular pharmacology due to their outstanding potential for the treatment of disease. Unfortunately, protein pharmaceuticals display a series of intrinsic physical and chemical instability problems during their production, purification, storage, and delivery that can adversely impact their final therapeutic efficacies. This has prompted an intense search for generalized strategies to engineer the long-term stability of proteins during their pharmaceutical employment. Due to the well known effect that glycans have in increasing the overall stability of glycoproteins, rational manipulation of the glycosylation parameters through glycoengineering could become a promising approach to improve both the in vitro and in vivo stability of protein pharmaceuticals. The intent of this review is therefore to further the field of protein glycoengineering by increasing the general understanding of the mechanisms by which glycosylation improves the molecular stability of protein pharmaceuticals. This is achieved by presenting a survey of the different instabilities displayed by protein pharmaceuticals, by addressing which of these instabilities can be improved by glycosylation, and by discussing the possible mechanisms by which glycans induce these stabilization effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo J Solá
- Laboratory for Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Facundo Bueso Bldg., Lab-215, PO Box 23346, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931-3346
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Keirstead ND, Lee C, Yoo D, Brooks AS, Hayes MA. Porcine plasma ficolin binds and reduces infectivity of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in vitro. Antiviral Res 2008; 77:28-38. [PMID: 17850894 PMCID: PMC7172368 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2007.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2007] [Revised: 07/28/2007] [Accepted: 08/01/2007] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Ficolins are collagenous lectins that bind N-acetylated glycans and participate in innate immune responses, including phagocytosis and complement activation. Related collagenous lectins such as mannan binding lectin (MBL) and surfactant proteins A and D possess antiviral activity, but this activity has not been demonstrated for ficolins. In these studies, we used purified porcine plasma ficolin alpha and recombinant ficolin alpha to assess their ability to bind and neutralize porcine reproductive and respiratory virus (PRRSV) in various assays. Recombinant ficolin alpha was designed with a C-terminal 6-histidine tag using a pcDNA3.1 expression vector system in CHO K1 cells. Plasma-purified and recombinant ficolin alpha reduced cytopathic effect of PRRSV-infected Marc-145 cells in neutralization assays and inhibited replication of infectious viral particles in a GlcNAc-dependent manner. In vitro replication determined by plaque assay was inhibited in the presence of plasma-purified ficolin alpha and recombinant ficolin. Immunoreactive plasma ficolin alpha and recombinant ficolin alpha also bound PRRSV-coated wells in a GlcNAc-dependent manner. These studies indicate that porcine ficolin can bind and neutralize a common arterivirus that is a major pathogen of swine.
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Key Words
- anova, analysis of variance
- cho k1 cells, chinese hamster ovary k1 cell line
- cpe, cytopathic effect
- elisa, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- glcnac, n-acetyl-d-glucosamine
- kda, kilodaltons
- mbl, mannan binding lectin
- maldi, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization
- marc-145 cells, african monkey kidney cell line
- ms/ms, tandem mass spectrometry
- pfu, plaque-forming units
- pfcn, plasma ficolin α
- pi, isoelectric point
- plsd, protected least significant difference
- prrsv, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus
- rfcn, recombinant ficolin
- sds-page, sodium dilauryl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- ficolins
- mannan binding lectins
- innate immunity
- pigs
- n-acetylglucosamine
- prrsv
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Hiss DC, Gabriels GA, Folb PI. Combination of tunicamycin with anticancer drugs synergistically enhances their toxicity in multidrug-resistant human ovarian cystadenocarcinoma cells. Cancer Cell Int 2007; 7:5. [PMID: 17439664 PMCID: PMC1865531 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-7-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2006] [Accepted: 04/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pharmacologic modulatory effects of the antibiotic, tunicamycin (TM), on multidrug-resistant human UWOV2 ovarian cancer cells are reported. The UWOV2 cell line was derived from a cystadenocarcinoma in a patient refractory to combination chemotherapy with actinomycin D, vincristine (VCR), cis-diaminedichloroplatinum (II) (CDDP) and doxorubicin (DXR). In an attempt to explain drug resistance in this cell line, we examined the effects of TM on their sensitivity to various anticancer drugs, the uptake, efflux and retention of [3H]VCR, and their ability to bind [14C]DXR and [3H]azidopine (AZD), a photoaffinity label of the multidrug transporter, P-glycoprotein (Pgp). RESULTS TM effectively decreased the EC50 for DXR, EXR, VCR and CDDP, thus enhancing their cytotoxicity. The antibiotic also prolonged the intracellular retention time of [3H]VCR and increased the binding of both [14C]DXR and [3H]AZD to the cells. CONCLUSION It is concluded that the pharmacomodulatory effects of TM in these cells are mediated by global inhibition of protein and glycoprotein synthesis and synergistic interaction with antineoplastic drugs. The ability of TM to enhance the sensitivity of drug resistant tumour cells may have impact on the design and optimization of novel resistance modifiers to improve the efficacy of combination treatment of intractable neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donavon C Hiss
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, South Africa
- Department of Medical BioSciences, University of the Western Cape, 7535, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Gary A Gabriels
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, South Africa
| | - Peter I Folb
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, South Africa
- Medical Research Council, 7505, Tygerberg, South Africa
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Lillico SG, McGrew MJ, Sherman A, Sang HM. Transgenic chickens as bioreactors for protein-based drugs. Drug Discov Today 2005; 10:191-6. [PMID: 15708533 DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6446(04)03317-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The potential of using transgenic animals for the synthesis of therapeutic proteins was suggested over twenty years ago. Considerable progress has been made in developing methods for the production of transgenic animals and specifically in the expression of therapeutic proteins in the mammary glands of cows, sheep and goats. Development of transgenic hens for protein production in eggs has lagged behind these systems. The positive features associated with the use of the chicken in terms of cost, speed of development of a production flock and potentially appropriate glycosylation of target proteins have led to significant advances in transgenic chicken models in the past few years.
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Liu J, Gustafsson A, Breimer ME, Kussak A, Holgersson J. Anti-pig antibody adsorption efficacy of {alpha}-Gal carrying recombinant P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1/immunoglobulin chimeras increases with core 2 {beta}1, 6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase expression. Glycobiology 2004; 15:571-83. [PMID: 15625182 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwi037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously described the construction of a P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1-mouse immunoglobulin Fc fusion protein, which when transiently coexpressed with the porcine alpha1,3 galactosyltransferase in COS cells becomes a very efficient adsorber of xenoreactive, anti-pig antibodies. To relate the adsorption capacity with the glycan expression of individual fusion proteins produced in different cell lines, stable CHO-K1, COS, and 293T cells producing this fusion protein have been engineered. On alpha1,3 galactosyltransferase coexpression, high-affinity adsorbers were produced by both COS and 293T cells, whereas an adsorber of lower affinity was derived from CHO-K1 cells. Stable coexpression of a core 2 beta1,6 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase in CHO-K1 cells led to increased alpha-Gal epitope density and improved anti-pig antibody adsorption efficacy. ESI-MS/MS of O-glycans released from PSGL-1/mIgG(2b) produced in an alpha1,3 galactosyl- and core 2 beta1,6 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase expressing CHO-K1 cell clone revealed a number of structures with carbohydrate sequences consistent with terminal Gal-Gal. In contrast, no O-glycan structures with terminal Gal-Gal were identified on the fusion protein when expressed alone or in combination with the alpha1,3 galactosyltransferase in CHO-K1 cells. In conclusion, the density of alpha-Gal epitopes on PSGL-1/mIgG(2b) was dependent on the expression of O-linked glycans with core 2 structures and lactosamine extensions. The structural complexity of the terminal Gal-Gal expressing O-glycans with both neutral as well as sialic acid-containing structures is likely to contribute to the high adsorption efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jining Liu
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, S-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
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Hollister J, Grabenhorst E, Nimtz M, Conradt H, Jarvis DL. Engineering the protein N-glycosylation pathway in insect cells for production of biantennary, complex N-glycans. Biochemistry 2002; 41:15093-104. [PMID: 12475259 PMCID: PMC3612895 DOI: 10.1021/bi026455d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Insect cells, like other eucaryotic cells, modify many of their proteins by N-glycosylation. However, the endogenous insect cell N-glycan processing machinery generally does not produce complex, terminally sialylated N-glycans such as those found in mammalian systems. This difference in the N-glycan processing pathways of insect cells and higher eucaryotes imposes a significant limitation on their use as hosts for baculovirus-mediated recombinant glycoprotein production. To address this problem, we previously isolated two transgenic insect cell lines that have mammalian beta1,4-galactosyltransferase or beta1,4-galactosyltransferase and alpha2,6-sialyltransferase genes. Unlike the parental insect cell line, both transgenic cell lines expressed the mammalian glycosyltransferases and were able to produce terminally galactosylated or sialylated N-glycans. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the structures of the N-glycans produced by these transgenic insect cell lines in further detail. Direct structural analyses revealed that the most extensively processed N-glycans produced by the transgenic insect cell lines were novel, monoantennary structures with elongation of only the alpha1,3 branch. This led to the hypothesis that the transgenic insect cell lines lacked adequate endogenous N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase II activity for biantennary N-glycan production. To test this hypothesis and further extend the N-glycan processing pathway in Sf9 cells, we produced a new transgenic line designed to constitutively express a more complete array of mammalian glycosyltransferases, including N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase II. This new transgenic insect cell line, designated SfSWT-1, has higher levels of five glycosyltransferase activities than the parental cells and supports baculovirus replication at normal levels. In addition, direct structural analyses showed that SfSWT-1 cells could produce biantennary, terminally sialylated N-glycans. Thus, this study provides new insight on the glycobiology of insect cells and describes a new transgenic insect cell line that will be widely useful for the production of more authentic recombinant glycoproteins by baculovirus expression vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Hollister
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071
| | - Eckart Grabenhorst
- Protein Glycosylation, Gesellschaft für Biotechnologische Forschung mbH, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Manfred Nimtz
- Protein Glycosylation, Gesellschaft für Biotechnologische Forschung mbH, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Harald Conradt
- Protein Glycosylation, Gesellschaft für Biotechnologische Forschung mbH, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Donald L. Jarvis
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Phone: 307-766-4383. Fax: 307-766-5098.
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