1
|
Kitagawa T. Novel Fine Structures in Poly-p-phenylenebenzobisoxazole Fibers Induced by Water Vapor, Hot Water, and Non-Aqueous Coagulation I Molecular Orientation Along the Fiber Axis and Fine Structures. J MACROMOL SCI B 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00222348.2015.1090657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
2
|
Elias HG. Mesopbases. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527627233.ch8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
3
|
Zhao T, Wang X. Distortion and flow of nematics simulated by dissipative particle dynamics. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:184902. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4873699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
|
4
|
Zhao T, Wang X. Solvent effect on phase transition of lyotropic rigid-chain liquid crystal polymer studied by dissipative particle dynamics. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:024910. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4774372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
|
5
|
Lefèvre J, Feldman K, Giesbrecht J, Smith P, Tervoort TA, Meijer HEH. “Foil spintrusion” of high-performance polymer films. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
6
|
Zhao T, Wang X. Phase behavior of lyotropic rigid-chain polymer liquid crystal studied by dissipative particle dynamics. J Chem Phys 2011; 135:244901. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3671451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|
7
|
Photoactive amorphous molecular materials based on quinoline amines and their synthesis by Friedländer condensation reaction. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.09.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
8
|
Knijnenberg A, Bos J, Dingemans TJ. The synthesis and characterisation of reactive poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide)s: A route towards compression stable aramid fibres. POLYMER 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2010.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
9
|
Zhang JM, Mousavi Z, Soykeabkaew N, Smith P, Nishino T, Peijs T. All-aramid composites by partial fiber dissolution. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2010; 2:919-26. [PMID: 20356299 DOI: 10.1021/am900859c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The area of self-reinforced polymer composites is one of the fastest growing areas in engineering polymers, but until now these materials have been mainly developed on the basis of thermoplastic fibers of moderate performance. In this work, we report on a new type of self-reinforced composites based on high-performance aramid fibers to produce an "all-aramid" composite by applying a surface-dissolution method to fuse poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA) fibers together. After immersion in concentrated (95%) sulphuric acid (H(2)SO(4)) for a selected period of time, partially dissolved fiber surfaces were converted into a PPTA interphase or matrix phase. Following extraction of H(2)SO(4) and drying, a consolidated all-aramid composite was formed. The structure, mechanical- and thermal properties of these single-polymer composites were investigated. Optimum processing conditions resulted in unidirectional composites of high reinforcement content (approximately 75 vol %) and good interfacial bonding. The all-aramid composites featured a Young's modulus of approximately 65 GPa at room temperature, and a tensile strength of 1.4 GPa, which are comparable with or exceed the corresponding values of conventional aramid/epoxy composites. However, since fiber, matrix and interphase in all-aramid composites are based on the same high-temperature resistant PPTA polymer, a high modulus of approximately 50 GPa was maintained up to 250 degrees C, demonstrating the potential of these materials for high-temperature applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Min Zhang
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Centre for Materials Research, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, E1 4NS London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
|
11
|
Afshari M, Sikkema DJ, Lee K, Bogle M. High Performance Fibers Based on Rigid and Flexible Polymers. POLYM REV 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/15583720802020129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
12
|
|
13
|
|
14
|
Rising A, Nimmervoll H, Grip S, Fernandez-Arias A, Storckenfeldt E, Knight DP, Vollrath F, Engström W. Spider Silk Proteins – Mechanical Property and Gene Sequence. Zoolog Sci 2005; 22:273-81. [PMID: 15795489 DOI: 10.2108/zsj.22.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Spiders spin up to seven different types of silk and each type possesses different mechanical properties. The reports on base sequences of spider silk protein genes have gained importance as the mechanical properties of silk fibers have been revealed. This review aims to link recent molecular data, often translated into amino acid sequences and predicted three dimensional structural motifs, to known mechanical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rising
- Department of Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences BioMedical Centre, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Schartel B, Wendorff JH. Molecular composites for molecular reinforcement: A promising concept between success and failure. POLYM ENG SCI 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.11403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
16
|
Bhowmik PK, Han H, Nedeltchev IK. Main-chain viologen polymers with triflimide counterion exhibiting lyotropic liquid-crystalline properties in polar organic solvents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.10298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
17
|
Abstract
Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) have recently been described as a new class of matter. Here we review the evidence for the novel conclusion that the fibrillar collagens and the dragline silks of orb web spiders belong to this remarkable class of materials. Unlike conventional rubbers, LCEs are ordered, rather than disordered, at rest. The identification of these biopolymers as LCEs may have a predictive value. It may explain how collagens and spider dragline silks are assembled. It may provide a detailed explanation for their mechanical properties, accounting for the variation between different members of the collagen family and between the draglines in different spider species. It may provide a basis for the design of biomimetic collagen and dragline silk analogues by genetic engineering, peptide- or classical polymer synthesis. Biological LCEs may exhibit a range of exotic properties already identified in other members of this remarkable class of materials. In this paper, the possibility that other transversely banded fibrillar proteins are also LCEs is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David P Knight
- Zoology Department, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Riekel C, Madsen B, Knight D, Vollrath F. X-ray diffraction on spider silk during controlled extrusion under a synchrotron radiation X-ray beam. Biomacromolecules 2002; 1:622-6. [PMID: 11710191 DOI: 10.1021/bm000047c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The structure of a single thread of Nephila edulis silk has been studied by in situ X-ray diffraction from a living spider. A systematic increase of orientational order with increasing silking speed up to 40 mm s-1 was observed. Within a few mm from the spinnerets exit, crystalline domains with a beta-poly(L-alanine) structure were observed. The data also suggest an increase in crystalline fraction in the immediate vicinity of the spigot exit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Riekel
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, B.P. 220, F-38043 Grenoble, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
Spider silk has outstanding mechanical properties despite being spun at close to ambient temperatures and pressures using water as the solvent. The spider achieves this feat of benign fibre processing by judiciously controlling the folding and crystallization of the main protein constituents, and by adding auxiliary compounds, to create a composite material of defined hierarchical structure. Because the 'spinning dope' (the material from which silk is spun) is liquid crystalline, spiders can draw it during extrusion into a hardened fibre using minimal forces. This process involves an unusual internal drawdown within the spider's spinneret that is not seen in industrial fibre processing, followed by a conventional external drawdown after the dope has left the spinneret. Successful copying of the spider's internal processing and precise control over protein folding, combined with knowledge of the gene sequences of its spinning dopes, could permit industrial production of silk-based fibres with unique properties under benign conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Vollrath
- Zoology Department, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Grinshtein J, McElheny D, Frydman V, Frydman L. A variable-director 13C NMR analysis of lyotropic aramide solutions. J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1349706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|
21
|
Salahshoor-Kordestani S, Hanna S, Windle A. The rôle of crystallinity in the deformation of main-chain liquid-crystalline copolyesters. POLYMER 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(99)00887-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
22
|
Tsukahara Y, Miyata M, Senoo K, Yoshimoto N, Kaeriyama K. Mesomorphic phase formation of poly (macromonomer)s of polystyrene macromonomers. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1099-1581(200005)11:5<210::aid-pat957>3.0.co;2-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
23
|
McElheny D, Frydman V, Zhou M, Frydman L. The Influence of Monomer Structures on the Liquid Crystalline Order of Aramide Polymers: An NMR Analysis. J Phys Chem B 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp991784+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
24
|
Riekel C, Dieing T, Engström P, Vincze L, Martin C, Mahendrasingam A. X-ray Microdiffraction Study of Chain Orientation in Poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide). Macromolecules 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ma990267m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Per Engström
- KCK, Chalmers University of Technology, S-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Laszlo Vincze
- University of Antwerp, Department of Chemistry, Universiteitsplein, B-2610 Wilrijk-Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Design, synthesis and properties of a novel rigid rod polymer, PIPD or `M5': high modulus and tenacity fibres with substantial compressive strength. POLYMER 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(97)10289-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
26
|
Bruggeman A, Buijs J. Approximation of the chain modulus of aromatic polyesters and a poly-para-phenylene with aliphatic side chains. POLYMER 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(98)00022-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
27
|
Zhou M, Frydman V, Frydman L. NMR Analyses of Order and Dynamics in Poly(p-Benzamide)/Sulfuric Acid Solutions. Macromolecules 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/ma970233j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhou
- Department of Chemistry (M/C 111), University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061
| | - Veronica Frydman
- Department of Chemistry (M/C 111), University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061
| | - Lucio Frydman
- Department of Chemistry (M/C 111), University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Huber AE, Viney C. Chimeric Liquid Crystallinity: Noncovalent Association of DNA and Bacterial Levan. Macromolecules 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/ma961705h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne E. Huber
- Center for Bioengineering, Box 357962, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, and Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, U.K
| | - Christopher Viney
- Center for Bioengineering, Box 357962, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, and Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
|
30
|
Sikemma DJ, van Guldener DB. Rigid rod polymer from 2,5-diaminoterephthalamide (DATA) and terephthalic acid; facile synthesis of DATA. POLYMER 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0032-3861(93)90204-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
31
|
Polymer blends of poly(p-phenylene 1,3,4-oxadiazole) and poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide): morphology and mechanical behaviour. POLYMER 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0032-3861(93)90327-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
32
|
Processing/property relationships of a thermotropic copolyester: 2. Correlations between tensile properties and orientation. POLYMER 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0032-3861(93)90118-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|