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Chen Z, Meng X, Zou L, Zhao M, Liu S, Tao P, Jiang J, Zhao Q. A Dual-Emissive Phosphorescent Polymeric Probe for Exploring Drug-Induced Liver Injury via Imaging of Peroxynitrite Elevation In Vivo. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:12383-12394. [PMID: 32091195 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b18135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a widespread clinical problem. The pathophysiological mechanisms of DILI are complicated, and the traditional diagnostic methods for DILI have their limitations. Owing to its convenient operation, high sensitivity, and high specificity, luminescent sensing and imaging as an indispensable tool in biological research and clinical trials may provide an important means for DILI study. Herein, we report the rational design and preparation of a near-infrared dual-phosphorescent polymeric probe (P-ONOO) for exploring the DILI via specific imaging of peroxynitrite (ONOO-) elevation in vivo, which was one of early markers of DILI and very difficult to be detected due to its short half-life and high reactive activity. With the utilization of P-ONOO, the raised ONOO- was visualized successfully in the drug-treated hepatocytes with a high signal-to-noise ratio via ratiometric and time-resolved photoluminescence imaging. Importantly, the ONOO- boost in the acetaminophen-induced liver injury in real time was verified, and the direct observation of the elevated ONOO- production in ketoconazole-induced liver injury was achieved for the first time. Our findings may contribute to understanding the exact mechanism of ketoconazole-induced hepatotoxicity that is still ambiguous. Notably, this luminescent approach for revealing the liver injury works fast and conveniently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zejing Chen
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Nano-Biomaterials, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), East China Jiaotong University, 808 Shuanggang East Main Street, Nanchang 330013, P. R. China
| | - Xiangchun Meng
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Liang Zou
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Menglong Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Shujuan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Peng Tao
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jiayang Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
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Cheng D, Xu W, Yuan L, Zhang X. Investigation of Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Its Remediation Pathway with Reaction-Based Fluorescent Probes. Anal Chem 2017. [PMID: 28627888 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b01671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is considered a serious problem related to public health, due to its unpredictability and acute response. The level of peroxynitrite (ONOO-) generated in liver has long been regarded as a biomarker for the prediction and measurement of DILI. Herein we present two reaction-based fluorescent probes (Naph-ONOO- and Rhod-ONOO-) for ONOO- through a novel and universally applicable mechanism: ONOO--mediated deprotection of α-keto caged fluorophores. Among them, Rhod-ONOO- can selectively accumulate and react in mitochondria, one of the main sources of ONOO-, with a substantial lower nanomolar sensitivity of 43 nM. The superior selectivity and sensitivity of two probes enable real-time imaging of peroxynitrite generation in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated live cells, with a remarkable difference from cells doped with other interfering reactive oxygen species, in either one- or two-photon imaging modes. More importantly, we elucidated the drug-induced hepatotoxicity pathway with Rhod-ONOO- and revealed that CYP450/CYP2E1-mediated enzymatic metabolism of acetaminophen leads to ONOO- generation in liver cells. This is the first time to showcase the drug-induced hepatotoxicity pathways by use of a small-molecule fluorescent probe. We hence conclude that fluorescent probes can engender a deeper understanding of reactive species and their pathological revelations. The reaction-based fluorescent probes will be a potentially useful chemical tool to assay drug-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University , Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University , Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University , Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University , Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Modern imaging technology, now utilized in most biomedical research areas (bioimaging), enables the detection and visualization of biological processes at various levels of the molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ and/or whole body. In toxicologic pathology, the impact of modern imaging technology is becoming apparent from digital histopathology to novel molecular imaging for in vivo studies. This overview summarizes recent progresses in digital microscopy imaging and newly developed digital slide techniques. Applications of virtual microscopy imaging are discussed and compared to traditional optical microscopy reading. New generation digital pathology approaches, including automatic slide inspection, digital slide databases and image management are briefly introduced. Commonly used in vivo preclinical imaging technologies are also summarized. While most of these new imaging techniques are still undergoing rapid development, it is important that toxicologic pathologists embrace and utilize these technologies as advances occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyou Ying
- Drug Safety Evaluation, sanofi-aventis, Bridgewater, New Jersey 08807-0800, USA.
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Real-time imaging of oxidative and nitrosative stress in the liver of live animals for drug-toxicity testing. Nat Biotechnol 2014; 32:373-80. [PMID: 24658645 PMCID: PMC4070437 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.2838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 431] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Current drug-safety assays for hepatotoxicity rely on biomarkers with low predictive power. The production of radical species, specifically reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), has been proposed as an early unifying event linking the bioactivation of drugs to hepatotoxicity and as a more direct and mechanistic indicator of hepatotoxic potential. Here we present a nanosensor for rapid, real-time in vivo imaging of drug-induced ROS and RNS for direct evaluation of acute hepatotoxicity. By combining fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (CRET), our semiconducting polymer–based nanosensor simultaneously and differentially detects RNS and ROS using two optically independent channels. Drug-induced hepatotoxicity and its remediation are imaged longitudinally in mice following systemic challenge with acetaminophen or isoniazid. Dose-dependent ROS and RNS activity is detected in the liver within minutes of drug challenge, preceding histological changes, protein nitration and DNA double strand break induction.
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Optical and magnetic resonance imaging as complementary modalities in drug discovery. Future Med Chem 2011; 2:317-37. [PMID: 21426169 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.09.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Imaging has the ability to study various biological and chemical processes noninvasively in living subjects in a longitudinal way. For this reason, imaging technologies have become an integral part of the drug-discovery and development program and are commonly used in following disease processes and drug action in both preclinical and clinical stages. As the domain of imaging sciences transitions from anatomical/functional to molecular applications, the development of molecular probes becomes crucial for the advancement of the field. This review summarizes the role of two complementary techniques, magnetic resonance and fluorescence optical imaging, in drug discovery. While the first approach exploits intrinsic tissue characteristics as the source of image contrast, the second necessitates the use of appropriate probes for signal generation. The anatomical, functional, metabolic and molecular information that becomes accessible through imaging can provide invaluable insights into disease mechanisms and mechanisms of drug action.
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Ripoll J, Ntziachristos V, Cannet C, Babin AL, Kneuer R, Gremlich HU, Beckmann N. Investigating Pharmacology In Vivo Using Magnetic Resonance and Optical Imaging. Drugs R D 2008; 9:277-306. [DOI: 10.2165/00126839-200809050-00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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