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Zhang H, Wang S, Liu D, Gao C, Han Y, Guo X, Qu X, Li W, Zhang S, Geng J, Zhang L, Mendelson A, Yazdanbakhsh K, Chen L, An X. EpoR-tdTomato-Cre mice enable identification of EpoR expression in subsets of tissue macrophages and hematopoietic cells. Blood 2021; 138:1986-1997. [PMID: 34098576 PMCID: PMC8767788 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021011410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The erythropoietin receptor (EpoR) has traditionally been thought of as an erythroid-specific gene. Notably, accumulating evidence suggests that EpoR is expressed well beyond erythroid cells. However, the expression of EpoR in non-erythroid cells has been controversial. In this study, we generated EpoR-tdTomato-Cre mice and used them to examine the expression of EpoR in tissue macrophages and hematopoietic cells. We show that in marked contrast to the previously available EpoR-eGFPcre mice, in which a very weak eGFP signal was detected in erythroid cells, tdTomato was readily detectable in both fetal liver (FL) and bone marrow (BM) erythroid cells at all developmental stages and exhibited dynamic changes during erythropoiesis. Consistent with our recent finding that erythroblastic island (EBI) macrophages are characterized by the expression of EpoR, tdTomato was readily detected in both FL and BM EBI macrophages. Moreover, tdTomato was also detected in subsets of hematopoietic stem cells, progenitors, megakaryocytes, and B cells in BM as well as in spleen red pulp macrophages and liver Kupffer cells. The expression of EpoR was further shown by the EpoR-tdTomato-Cre-mediated excision of the floxed STOP sequence. Importantly, EPO injection selectively promoted proliferation of the EpoR-expressing cells and induced erythroid lineage bias during hematopoiesis. Our findings imply broad roles for EPO/EpoR in hematopoiesis that warrant further investigation. The EpoR-tdTomato-Cre mouse line provides a powerful tool to facilitate future studies on EpoR expression and regulation in various non-hematopoietic cells and to conditionally manipulate gene expression in EpoR-expressing cells for functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; and
- Laboratory of Membrane Biology and
| | - Shihui Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; and
- Laboratory of Membrane Biology and
| | - Donghao Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; and
| | | | | | | | - Xiaoli Qu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; and
| | - Wei Li
- Laboratory of Membrane Biology and
| | - Shijie Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; and
| | - Jingyu Geng
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; and
| | - Linlin Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; and
| | - Avital Mendelson
- Laboratory of Complement Biology, New York Blood Center, New York, NY
| | | | - Lixiang Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; and
| | - Xiuli An
- Laboratory of Membrane Biology and
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2
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Richter V, Lanzerstorfer P, Weghuber J, Schneckenburger H. Super-Resolution Live Cell Microscopy of Membrane-Proximal Fluorophores. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7099. [PMID: 32993061 PMCID: PMC7582769 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we present a simple and robust experimental setup for the super-resolution live cell microscopy of membrane-proximal fluorophores, which is comparably easy to perform and to implement. The method is based on Structured Illumination Microscopy (SIM) with a switchable spatial light modulator (SLM) and exchangeable objective lenses for epi-illumination and total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy. While, in the case of SIM (upon epi-illumination), cell layers of about 1-2 µm in close proximity to the plasma membrane can be selected by software, layers in the 100 nm range are assessed experimentally by TIRF-SIM. To show the applicability of this approach, both methods are used to measure the translocation of the glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) from intracellular vesicles to the plasma membrane upon stimulation by insulin or insulin-mimetic compounds, with a lateral resolution of around 100 nm and an axial resolution of around 200 nm. While SIM is an appropriate method to visualize the intracellular localization of GLUT4 fused with a green fluorescent protein, TIRF-SIM permits the quantitative evaluation of its fluorescence in the plasma membrane. These imaging methods are discussed in the context of fluorescence lifetime kinetics, providing additional data for the molecular microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Richter
- Institute of Applied Research, Aalen University, 373430 Aalen, Germany;
| | - Peter Lanzerstorfer
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, 4600 Wels, Austria; (P.L.); (J.W.)
- Austrian Competence Center for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Julian Weghuber
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, 4600 Wels, Austria; (P.L.); (J.W.)
- Austrian Competence Center for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, 3430 Tulln, Austria
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3
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Chen Z, Meng X, Zou L, Zhao M, Liu S, Tao P, Jiang J, Zhao Q. A Dual-Emissive Phosphorescent Polymeric Probe for Exploring Drug-Induced Liver Injury via Imaging of Peroxynitrite Elevation In Vivo. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:12383-12394. [PMID: 32091195 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b18135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a widespread clinical problem. The pathophysiological mechanisms of DILI are complicated, and the traditional diagnostic methods for DILI have their limitations. Owing to its convenient operation, high sensitivity, and high specificity, luminescent sensing and imaging as an indispensable tool in biological research and clinical trials may provide an important means for DILI study. Herein, we report the rational design and preparation of a near-infrared dual-phosphorescent polymeric probe (P-ONOO) for exploring the DILI via specific imaging of peroxynitrite (ONOO-) elevation in vivo, which was one of early markers of DILI and very difficult to be detected due to its short half-life and high reactive activity. With the utilization of P-ONOO, the raised ONOO- was visualized successfully in the drug-treated hepatocytes with a high signal-to-noise ratio via ratiometric and time-resolved photoluminescence imaging. Importantly, the ONOO- boost in the acetaminophen-induced liver injury in real time was verified, and the direct observation of the elevated ONOO- production in ketoconazole-induced liver injury was achieved for the first time. Our findings may contribute to understanding the exact mechanism of ketoconazole-induced hepatotoxicity that is still ambiguous. Notably, this luminescent approach for revealing the liver injury works fast and conveniently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zejing Chen
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Nano-Biomaterials, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), East China Jiaotong University, 808 Shuanggang East Main Street, Nanchang 330013, P. R. China
| | - Xiangchun Meng
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Liang Zou
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Menglong Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Shujuan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Peng Tao
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jiayang Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
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4
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Abstract
Fluorescence imaging represents cornerstone technology for studying biological function at the cellular and molecular levels. The technology's centerpiece is a prolific collection of genetic reporters based on the green fluorescent protein (GFP) and related analogs. More than two decades of protein engineering have endowed the GFP repertoire with an incredible assortment of fluorescent proteins, allowing scientists immense latitude in choosing reporters tailored to various cellular and environmental contexts. Nevertheless, GFP and derivative reporters have specific limitations that hinder their unrestricted use for molecular imaging. These challenges have inspired the development of new reporter proteins and imaging mechanisms. Here, we review how these developments are expanding the frontiers of reporter gene techniques to enable nondestructive studies of cell function in anaerobic environments and deep inside intact animals-two important biological contexts that are fundamentally incompatible with the use of GFP-based reporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harun F. Ozbakir
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Nolan T. Anderson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Kang-Ching Fan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Arnab Mukherjee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Center for Bioengineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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5
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Chen ZZ, Wang LC, Manoharan D, Lee CL, Wu LC, Huang WT, Huang EY, Su CH, Sheu HS, Yeh CS. Low Dose of X-Ray-Excited Long-Lasting Luminescent Concave Nanocubes in Highly Passive Targeting Deep-Seated Hepatic Tumors. Adv Mater 2019; 31:e1905087. [PMID: 31625638 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201905087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Chromium-doped zinc gallate, ZnGa2 O4 :Cr3+ (ZGC), is viewed as a long-lasting luminescence (LLL) phosphor that can avoid tissue autofluorescence interference for in vivo imaging detection. ZGC is a cubic spinel structure, a typical agglomerative or clustered morphology lacking a defined cubic shape, but a sphere-like feature is commonly obtained for the nanometric ZGC. The substantial challenge remains achieving a well-defined cubic feature in nanoscale. The process by which dispersed and well-defined concave cubic ZGC is obtained is described, exhibiting much stronger LLL in UV and X-ray excitation for the dispersed cubic ZGC compared with the agglomerative form that cannot be excited using X-rays with a low dose of 0.5 Gy. The cubic ZGC reveals a specific accumulation in liver and 0.5 Gy used at the end of X-ray excitation is sufficient for imaging of deep-seated hepatic tumors. The ZGC nanocubes show highly passive targeting of orthotopic hepatic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Zhe Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Liu-Chun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Divinah Manoharan
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Lai Lee
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan
| | - Lai-Chin Wu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ting Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Eng-Yen Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hao Su
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Hwo-Shuenn Sheu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Sheng Yeh
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
- Center of Applied Nanomedicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
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6
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Zheng F, Wang C, Meng T, Zhang Y, Zhang P, Shen Q, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Li J, Min Q, Chen J, Zhu JJ. Outer-Frame-Degradable Nanovehicles Featuring Near-Infrared Dual Luminescence for in Vivo Tracking of Protein Delivery in Cancer Therapy. ACS Nano 2019; 13:12577-12590. [PMID: 31657911 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b03424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In vivo monitoring of cargo protein delivery is critical for understanding the pharmacological efficacies and mechanisms during cancer therapy, but it still remains a formidable challenge because of the difficulty in observing nonfluorescent proteins at high resolution and sensitivity. Here we report an outer-frame-degradable nanovehicle featuring near-infrared (NIR) dual luminescence for real-time tracking of protein delivery in vivo. Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) and fluorophore-doped degradable macroporous silica (DS) with spectral overlap were coupled to form a core-shell nanostructure as a therapeutic protein nanocarrier, which was eventually enveloped with a hyaluronic acid (HA) shell to prevent protein leakage and for recognizing tumor sites. The DS layer served as both a container to accommodate the therapeutic proteins and a filter to attenuate upconversion luminescence (UCL) of the inner UCNPs. After the nanovehicles selectively accumulated at tumor sites and entered cancer cells, intracellular hyaluronidase (HAase) digested the outermost HA protective shell and initiated the outer frame degradation-induced protein release and UCL restoration of UCNPs in the intracellular environment. Significantly, the biodistribution of the nanovehicles can be traced at the 710 nm NIR fluorescence channel of DS, whereas the protein release can be monitored at the 660 nm NIR fluorescence channel of UCNPs. Real-time tracking of protein delivery and release was achieved in vitro and in vivo by NIR fluorescence imaging. Moreover, in vitro and in vivo studies manifest that the protein cytochrome c-loaded nanovehicles exhibited excellent cancer therapeutic efficacy. This nanoplatform assembled by the outer-frame-degradable nanovehicles featuring NIR dual luminescence not only advances our understanding of where, when, and how therapeutic proteins take effect in vivo but also provides a universal route for visualizing the translocation of other bioactive macromolecules in cancer treatment and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenfen Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
- School of Environmental & Chemical Engineering , Jiangsu University of Science and Technology , Zhenjiang , Jiangsu 212003 , China
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Tiantian Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Yuqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Penghui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Qi Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Yuchao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Jianxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Qianhao Min
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Jiangning Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Jun-Jie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
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7
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De Leo TC, Nascimento Dos Santos S, Del Cistia Andrade C, Ricci E, Turato WM, Lopes NP, Oliveira RS, Bernardes ES, Dias-Baruffi M. Engineering of galectin-3 for glycan-binding optical imaging. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 521:674-680. [PMID: 31685208 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.10.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a multifunctional glycan-binding protein that participates in many pathophysiological events and has been described as a biomarker and potential therapeutic target for severe disorders, such as cancer. Several probes for Gal-3 or its ligands have been developed, however both the pathophysiological mechanisms and potential biomedical applications of Gal-3 remain not fully assessed. Molecular imaging using bioluminescent probes provides great sensitivity for in vivo and in vitro analysis for both cellular and whole multicellular organism tracking and target detection. Here, we engineered a chimeric molecule consisting of Renilla luciferase fused with mouse Gal-3 (RLuc-mGal-3). RLuc-mGal-3 preparation was highly homogenous, soluble, active, and has molecular mass of 65,870.95 Da. This molecule was able to bind to MKN45 cell surface, property which was inhibited by the reduction of Gal-3 ligands on the cell surface by the overexpression of ST6GalNAc-I. In order to obtain an efficient and stable delivery system, RLuc-mGal-3 was adsorbed to poly-lactic acid nanoparticles, which increased binding to MKN45 cells in vitro. Furthermore, bioluminescence imaging showed that RLuc-mGal-3 was able to indicate the presence of implanted tumor in mice, event drastically inhibited by the presence of lactose. This novel bioluminescent chimeric molecule offers a safe and highly sensitive alternative to fluorescent and radiolabeled probes with potential application in biomedical research for a better understanding of the distribution and fate of Gal-3 and its ligands in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Canassa De Leo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Cafe S/N, CEP 14040-903, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Camillo Del Cistia Andrade
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Cafe S/N, CEP 14040-903, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Ricci
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Walter Miguel Turato
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Norberto Peporine Lopes
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Cafe S/N, CEP 14040-903, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marcelo Dias-Baruffi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Cafe S/N, CEP 14040-903, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.
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8
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Abstract
Although fluorescent reporters and biosensors have become indispensable tools in biological and biomedical fields, fluorescence measurements require external excitation light, thereby limiting their use in thick tissues and live animals. Bioluminescent reporters and biosensors may potentially overcome this hurdle because they use enzyme-catalyzed exothermic biochemical reactions to generate excited-state emitters. This review first introduces the development of bioluminescent reporters, and next, their applications in sensing biological changes in vitro and in vivo as biosensors. Lastly, we discuss chemiluminescent sensors that produce photons in the absence of luciferases. This review aims to explore fundamentals and experimental insights and to emphasize the yet-to-be-reached potential of next-generation luminescent reporters and biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-Wei Yeh
- Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, and Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA;
| | - Hui-Wang Ai
- Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, and Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA;
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Shell JR, LaRochelle EP, Bruza P, Gunn JR, Jarvis LA, Gladstone DJ, Pogue BW. Comparison of phosphorescent agents for noninvasive sensing of tumor oxygenation via Cherenkov-excited luminescence imaging. J Biomed Opt 2019; 24:1-8. [PMID: 30834723 PMCID: PMC6397946 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.24.3.036001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cherenkov emission generated in tissue during radiotherapy can be harnessed for the imaging biochemistry of tissue microenvironments. Cherenkov-excited luminescence scanned imaging (CELSI) provides a way to optically and noninvasively map oxygen-related signals, which is known to correlate to outcomes in radiotherapy. Four candidate phosphorescent reagents PtG4, MM2, Ir(btb)2 ( acac ) , and MitoID were studied for oxygen sensing, testing in a progressive series of (a) in solution, (b) in vitro, and (c) in subcutaneous tumors. In each test, the signal strength and response to oxygen were assessed by phosphorescence intensity and decay lifetime measurement. MM2 showed the most robust response to oxygen changes in solution, followed by PtG4, Ir(btb)2 ( acac ) , and MitoID. However, in PANC-1 cells, their oxygen responses differed with Ir(btb)2 ( acac ) exhibiting the largest phosphorescent intensity change in response to changes in oxygenation, followed by PtG4, MM2, and MitoID. In vivo, it was only possible to utilize Ir(btb)2 ( acac ) and PtG4, with each being used at nanomole levels, to determine signal strength, lifetime, and pO2. Oxygen sensing with CELSI during radiotherapy is feasible and can estimate values from 1 mm regions of tissue when used in the configuration of this study. PtG4 was the most amenable to in vivo sensing on the timescale of external beam LINAC x-rays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R. Shell
- Dartmouth College, Thayer School of Engineering, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
- Address all correspondence to Jennifer R. Shell, E-mail:
| | - Ethan P. LaRochelle
- Dartmouth College, Thayer School of Engineering, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
| | - Petr Bruza
- Dartmouth College, Thayer School of Engineering, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
| | - Jason R. Gunn
- Dartmouth College, Thayer School of Engineering, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
| | - Lesley A. Jarvis
- Dartmouth College, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
| | - David J. Gladstone
- Dartmouth College, Thayer School of Engineering, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
- Dartmouth College, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
| | - Brian W. Pogue
- Dartmouth College, Thayer School of Engineering, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
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10
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Mie M, Niimi T, Mashimo Y, Kobatake E. Construction of DNA-NanoLuc luciferase conjugates for DNA aptamer-based sandwich assay using Rep protein. Biotechnol Lett 2019; 41:357-362. [PMID: 30603832 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-018-02641-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We developed a DNA-NanoLuc luciferase (NnaoLuc) conjugates for DNA aptamer-based sandwich assay using the catalytic domain of the replication initiator protein derived from porcine circovirus type 2 (pRep). RESULTS For construction of DNA aptamer and NanoLuc conjugate using the catalytic domain of Rep from PCV2. pRep fused to NanoLuc was genetically constructed and expressed in E. coli. After purification, the activities of fused pRep and NanoLuc were evaluated, and DNA-NanoLuc conjugates were constructed via the fused pRep. Finally, constructed DNA-NanoLuc conjugates were applied for use in a DNA aptamer-based sandwich assay. Here, pRep was used not only for conjugation of the NanoLuc to the detection aptamer, but also for immobilization of the capture aptamer on the plate surface. CONCLUSION We have demonstrated that DNA-NanoLuc conjugates via the catalytic domain of PCV2 Rep could be applied for DNA aptamer-based sandwich assay system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayasu Mie
- Department of Life Science and Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-Ku, Yokohama, 226-8502, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Niimi
- Department of Life Science and Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-Ku, Yokohama, 226-8502, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Mashimo
- Department of Life Science and Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-Ku, Yokohama, 226-8502, Japan
| | - Eiry Kobatake
- Department of Life Science and Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-Ku, Yokohama, 226-8502, Japan
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11
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Rodríguez ME, Rizzi M, Caeiro L, Masip Y, Sánchez DO, Tekiel V. Transmigration of Trypanosoma cruzi Trypomastigotes through 3D Spheroids Mimicking Host Tissues. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1955:165-177. [PMID: 30868526 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9148-8_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
While cellular invasion by T. cruzi trypomastigotes and intracellular amastigote replication are well-characterized events that have been described by using 2D monolayer cultures, other relevant parasite-host interactions, like the dynamics of tissue invasiveness, cannot be captured using monolayer cultures. Spheroids constitute a valuable three-dimensional (3D) culture system because they mimic the microarchitecture of tissues and provide an environment similar to the encountered in natural infections, which includes the presence of extracellular matrix as well as 3D cell-cell interactions. In this work, we describe a protocol for studying transmigration of T. cruzi trypomastigotes into 3D spheroids. In the experimental setup, cells and parasites are labelled with two fluorescent dyes, allowing their visualization by confocal microscopy. We also describe the general procedure and setting of the confocal microscope and downstream applications for acquisition and reconstruction of 3D images. This model was employed to analyze the transmigration of trypomastigotes from the highly virulent and pantropic RA T. cruzi strain. Of course, other aspects encountered by T. cruzi in the mammalian host environment can be studied with this methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías Exequiel Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr R. Ugalde", IIBIO, Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - CONICET, Pcia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Rizzi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr R. Ugalde", IIBIO, Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - CONICET, Pcia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucas Caeiro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr R. Ugalde", IIBIO, Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - CONICET, Pcia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Yamil Masip
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr R. Ugalde", IIBIO, Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - CONICET, Pcia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel O Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr R. Ugalde", IIBIO, Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - CONICET, Pcia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Valeria Tekiel
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr R. Ugalde", IIBIO, Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - CONICET, Pcia de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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12
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Caì Y, Iwasaki M, Beitzel BF, Yú S, Postnikova EN, Cubitt B, DeWald LE, Radoshitzky SR, Bollinger L, Jahrling PB, Palacios GF, de la Torre JC, Kuhn JH. Recombinant Lassa Virus Expressing Green Fluorescent Protein as a Tool for High-Throughput Drug Screens and Neutralizing Antibody Assays. Viruses 2018; 10:v10110655. [PMID: 30463334 PMCID: PMC6266387 DOI: 10.3390/v10110655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Lassa virus (LASV), a mammarenavirus, infects an estimated 100,000–300,000 individuals yearly in western Africa and frequently causes lethal disease. Currently, no LASV-specific antivirals or vaccines are commercially available for prevention or treatment of Lassa fever, the disease caused by LASV. The development of medical countermeasure screening platforms is a crucial step to yield licensable products. Using reverse genetics, we generated a recombinant wild-type LASV (rLASV-WT) and a modified version thereof encoding a cleavable green fluorescent protein (GFP) as a reporter for rapid and quantitative detection of infection (rLASV-GFP). Both rLASV-WT and wild-type LASV exhibited similar growth kinetics in cultured cells, whereas growth of rLASV-GFP was slightly impaired. GFP reporter expression by rLASV-GFP remained stable over several serial passages in Vero cells. Using two well-characterized broad-spectrum antivirals known to inhibit LASV infection, favipiravir and ribavirin, we demonstrate that rLASV-GFP is a suitable screening tool for the identification of LASV infection inhibitors. Building on these findings, we established a rLASV-GFP-based high-throughput drug discovery screen and an rLASV-GFP-based antibody neutralization assay. Both platforms, now available as a standard tool at the IRF-Frederick (an international resource), will accelerate anti-LASV medical countermeasure discovery and reduce costs of antiviral screens in maximum containment laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yíngyún Caì
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick (IRF-Frederick), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), B-8200 Research Plaza, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Masaharu Iwasaki
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), 10550 North Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Brett F Beitzel
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Shuīqìng Yú
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick (IRF-Frederick), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), B-8200 Research Plaza, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Elena N Postnikova
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick (IRF-Frederick), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), B-8200 Research Plaza, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Beatrice Cubitt
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), 10550 North Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Lisa Evans DeWald
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick (IRF-Frederick), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), B-8200 Research Plaza, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Sheli R Radoshitzky
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Laura Bollinger
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick (IRF-Frederick), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), B-8200 Research Plaza, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Peter B Jahrling
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick (IRF-Frederick), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), B-8200 Research Plaza, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Gustavo F Palacios
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Juan C de la Torre
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), 10550 North Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Jens H Kuhn
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick (IRF-Frederick), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), B-8200 Research Plaza, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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13
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Yao Z, Zhang BS, Prescher JA. Advances in bioluminescence imaging: new probes from old recipes. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2018; 45:148-156. [PMID: 29879594 PMCID: PMC6076869 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Bioluminescent probes are powerful tools for visualizing biology in live tissues and whole animals. Recent years have seen a surge in the number of new luciferases, luciferins, and related tools available for bioluminescence imaging. Many were crafted using classic methods of optical probe design and engineering. Here we highlight recent advances in bioluminescent tool discovery and development, along with applications of the probes in cells, tissues, and organisms. Collectively, these tools are improving in vivo imaging capabilities and bolstering new research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Yao
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Brendan S Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Jennifer A Prescher
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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14
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Besbrugge N, Van Leene J, Eeckhout D, Cannoot B, Kulkarni SR, De Winne N, Persiau G, Van De Slijke E, Bontinck M, Aesaert S, Impens F, Gevaert K, Van Damme D, Van Lijsebettens M, Inzé D, Vandepoele K, Nelissen H, De Jaeger G. GS yellow, a Multifaceted Tag for Functional Protein Analysis in Monocot and Dicot Plants. Plant Physiol 2018; 177:447-464. [PMID: 29678859 PMCID: PMC6001315 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The ability to tag proteins has boosted the emergence of generic molecular methods for protein functional analysis. Fluorescent protein tags are used to visualize protein localization, and affinity tags enable the mapping of molecular interactions by, for example, tandem affinity purification or chromatin immunoprecipitation. To apply these widely used molecular techniques on a single transgenic plant line, we developed a multifunctional tandem affinity purification tag, named GSyellow, which combines the streptavidin-binding peptide tag with citrine yellow fluorescent protein. We demonstrated the versatility of the GSyellow tag in the dicot Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) using a set of benchmark proteins. For proof of concept in monocots, we assessed the localization and dynamic interaction profile of the leaf growth regulator ANGUSTIFOLIA3 (AN3), fused to the GSyellow tag, along the growth zone of the maize (Zea mays) leaf. To further explore the function of ZmAN3, we mapped its DNA-binding landscape in the growth zone of the maize leaf through chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing. Comparison with AN3 target genes mapped in the developing maize tassel or in Arabidopsis cell cultures revealed strong conservation of AN3 target genes between different maize tissues and across monocots and dicots, respectively. In conclusion, the GSyellow tag offers a powerful molecular tool for distinct types of protein functional analyses in dicots and monocots. As this approach involves transforming a single construct, it is likely to accelerate both basic and translational plant research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nienke Besbrugge
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jelle Van Leene
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dominique Eeckhout
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bernard Cannoot
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Shubhada R Kulkarni
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Bioinformatics Institute Ghent, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nancy De Winne
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert Persiau
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eveline Van De Slijke
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Michiel Bontinck
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stijn Aesaert
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Francis Impens
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Proteomics Core, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Gevaert
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Daniel Van Damme
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mieke Van Lijsebettens
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Klaas Vandepoele
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Bioinformatics Institute Ghent, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hilde Nelissen
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert De Jaeger
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
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15
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Sorvina A, Bader CA, Darby JRT, Lock MC, Soo JY, Johnson IRD, Caporale C, Voelcker NH, Stagni S, Massi M, Morrison JL, Plush SE, Brooks DA. Mitochondrial imaging in live or fixed tissues using a luminescent iridium complex. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8191. [PMID: 29844412 PMCID: PMC5974328 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24672-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial morphology is important for the function of this critical organelle and, accordingly, altered mitochondrial structure is exhibited in many pathologies. Imaging of mitochondria can therefore provide important information about disease presence and progression. However, mitochondrial imaging is currently limited by the availability of agents that have the capacity to image mitochondrial morphology in both live and fixed samples. This can be particularly problematic in clinical studies or large, multi-centre cohort studies, where tissue archiving by fixation is often more practical. We previously reported the synthesis of an iridium coordination complex [Ir(ppy)2(MeTzPyPhCN)]+; where ppy is a cyclometalated 2-phenylpyridine and TzPyPhCN is the 5-(5-(4-cyanophen-1-yl)pyrid-2-yl)tetrazolate ligand; and showed that this complex (herein referred to as IraZolve-Mito) has a high specificity for mitochondria in live cells. Here we demonstrate that IraZolve-Mito can also effectively stain mitochondria in both live and fixed tissue samples. The staining protocol proposed is versatile, providing a universal procedure for cell biologists and pathologists to visualise mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Sorvina
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia
| | - Christie A Bader
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia
| | - Jack R T Darby
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia
| | - Mitchell C Lock
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia
| | - Jia Yin Soo
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia
| | - Ian R D Johnson
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia
| | - Chiara Caporale
- Department of Chemistry and Curtin Institute for Functional Molecules and Interfaces, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, 6102, Australia
| | - Nicolas H Voelcker
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5095, Australia
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Stefano Stagni
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Bologna, I-40136, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Massi
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia
- Department of Chemistry and Curtin Institute for Functional Molecules and Interfaces, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, 6102, Australia
| | - Janna L Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia
| | - Sally E Plush
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia.
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5095, Australia.
| | - Douglas A Brooks
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia.
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16
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Shen Y, Dana H, Abdelfattah AS, Patel R, Shea J, Molina RS, Rawal B, Rancic V, Chang YF, Wu L, Chen Y, Qian Y, Wiens MD, Hambleton N, Ballanyi K, Hughes TE, Drobizhev M, Kim DS, Koyama M, Schreiter ER, Campbell RE. A genetically encoded Ca 2+ indicator based on circularly permutated sea anemone red fluorescent protein eqFP578. BMC Biol 2018; 16:9. [PMID: 29338710 PMCID: PMC5771076 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-018-0480-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetically encoded calcium ion (Ca2+) indicators (GECIs) are indispensable tools for measuring Ca2+ dynamics and neuronal activities in vitro and in vivo. Red fluorescent protein (RFP)-based GECIs have inherent advantages relative to green fluorescent protein-based GECIs due to the longer wavelength light used for excitation. Longer wavelength light is associated with decreased phototoxicity and deeper penetration through tissue. Red GECI can also enable multicolor visualization with blue- or cyan-excitable fluorophores. RESULTS Here we report the development, structure, and validation of a new RFP-based GECI, K-GECO1, based on a circularly permutated RFP derived from the sea anemone Entacmaea quadricolor. We have characterized the performance of K-GECO1 in cultured HeLa cells, dissociated neurons, stem-cell-derived cardiomyocytes, organotypic brain slices, zebrafish spinal cord in vivo, and mouse brain in vivo. CONCLUSION K-GECO1 is the archetype of a new lineage of GECIs based on the RFP eqFP578 scaffold. It offers high sensitivity and fast kinetics, similar or better than those of current state-of-the-art indicators, with diminished lysosomal accumulation and minimal blue-light photoactivation. Further refinements of the K-GECO1 lineage could lead to further improved variants with overall performance that exceeds that of the most highly optimized red GECIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Shen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Hod Dana
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, 20147, USA
- Present address: Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, 4195, USA
| | - Ahmed S Abdelfattah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
- Present address: Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, 20147, USA
| | - Ronak Patel
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, 20147, USA
| | - Jamien Shea
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, 20147, USA
| | - Rosana S Molina
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Bijal Rawal
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Vladimir Rancic
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Yu-Fen Chang
- LumiSTAR Biotechnology Incorporation, Nangang District, Taipei City, 115, Taiwan
| | - Lanshi Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Yingche Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Yong Qian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Matthew D Wiens
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Nathan Hambleton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Klaus Ballanyi
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Thomas E Hughes
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Mikhail Drobizhev
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Douglas S Kim
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, 20147, USA
| | - Minoru Koyama
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, 20147, USA
| | - Eric R Schreiter
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, 20147, USA
| | - Robert E Campbell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada.
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Abstract
Borrelia burgdorferi, etiologic agent of Lyme disease, is the leading tick-borne disease in the United States with approximately 300,000 cases diagnosed annually. Disease occurs in stages beginning localized infection at the site of a tick bite and progresses to disseminated infection when antibiotic treatment is not administered in a timely manner. A multi-systemic infection develops following dissemination to numerous immunoprotective tissues, such as the heart, bladder, and joints, resulting in late Lyme disease. B. burgdorferi undergoes dynamic genetic regulation throughout mammalian infection and defining the exact role of virulence genes at distinct stages of disease is challenging. The murine model allows for the characterization of the pathogenic function of genes in B. burgdorferi, but traditional end point studies limit the ability to gather data throughout an infection study and greatly increase the required number of mice. Molecular genetic techniques to evaluate and quantitate B. burgdorferi infection are laborious and costly. To partly circumvent these issues, a codon optimized firefly luciferase, under the control of a constitutive borrelial promoter, was introduced into B. burgdorferi enabling the characterization of mutant or modified strains under in vitro growth conditions and throughout murine infection. The detection of bioluminescent B. burgdorferi is highly sensitive and allows for the repeated real-time quantitative evaluation of borrelial load during murine infection. Furthermore, bioluminescence has also been utilized to evaluate alteration in tissue localization and tissue-specific gene expression of B. burgdorferi. In this chapter, we describe the generation of bioluminescent borrelial strains along with methods for in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo B. burgdorferi studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny A Hyde
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Riverside Pkwy, Bryan, Texas, 77807, USA.
| | - Jon T Skare
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Riverside Pkwy, Bryan, Texas, 77807, USA
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18
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Chen Y, Montana DM, Wei H, Cordero JM, Schneider M, Le Guével X, Chen O, Bruns OT, Bawendi MG. Shortwave Infrared in Vivo Imaging with Gold Nanoclusters. Nano Lett 2017; 17:6330-6334. [PMID: 28952734 PMCID: PMC5902176 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b03070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The use of visible/NIR-emitting gold nanoclusters (Au NCs), previously proposed for in vivo imaging, has been limited to some extent by low quantum yields (QYs) and the limited penetration of visible light in tissue. Here we report short wavelength infrared (SWIR, λ = 1-2 μm) emitting Au NCs with a good photoluminescence QY for this wavelength range (0.6% to 3.8% for λem = 1000 to 900 nm) and excellent stability under physiological conditions. We show that surface ligand chemistry is critical to achieving these properties. We demonstrate the potential of these SWIR-emitting Au NCs for in vivo imaging in mice. The Au NCs have a hydrodynamic diameter that is small (∼5 nm) enough that they exhibit a rapid renal clearance, and images taken in the SWIR region show better resolution of the blood vessels than in the NIR region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Daniel M. Montana
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - He Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jose M. Cordero
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Marc Schneider
- Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Xavier Le Guével
- Cancer Targets and Experimental Therapeutics, Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), University of Grenoble Alpes (UGA), INSERM-U1209/CNRS-UMR 5309-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Ou Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Oliver T. Bruns
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Moungi G. Bawendi
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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19
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Iqbal M, Doherty N, Page AML, Qazi SNA, Ajmera I, Lund PA, Kypraios T, Scott DJ, Hill PJ, Stekel DJ. Reconstructing promoter activity from Lux bioluminescent reporters. PLoS Comput Biol 2017; 13:e1005731. [PMID: 28922354 PMCID: PMC5619816 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterial Lux system is used as a gene expression reporter. It is fast, sensitive and non-destructive, enabling high frequency measurements. Originally developed for bacterial cells, it has also been adapted for eukaryotic cells, and can be used for whole cell biosensors, or in real time with live animals without the need for euthanasia. However, correct interpretation of bioluminescent data is limited: the bioluminescence is different from gene expression because of nonlinear molecular and enzyme dynamics of the Lux system. We have developed a computational approach that, for the first time, allows users of Lux assays to infer gene transcription levels from the light output. This approach is based upon a new mathematical model for Lux activity, that includes the actions of LuxAB, LuxEC and Fre, with improved mechanisms for all reactions, as well as synthesis and turn-over of Lux proteins. The model is calibrated with new experimental data for the LuxAB and Fre reactions from Photorhabdus luminescens—the source of modern Lux reporters—while literature data has been used for LuxEC. Importantly, the data show clear evidence for previously unreported product inhibition for the LuxAB reaction. Model simulations show that predicted bioluminescent profiles can be very different from changes in gene expression, with transient peaks of light output, very similar to light output seen in some experimental data sets. By incorporating the calibrated model into a Bayesian inference scheme, we can reverse engineer promoter activity from the bioluminescence. We show examples where a decrease in bioluminescence would be better interpreted as a switching off of the promoter, or where an increase in bioluminescence would be better interpreted as a longer period of gene expression. This approach could benefit all users of Lux technology. Bioluminescent reporters are used in many areas of biology as fast, sensitive and non-destructive measures of gene expression. They have been developed for bacteria, adapted now for other kinds of organisms, and recently been used for whole cell biosensors, and for real-time live animal models for infection without the need for euthanasia. However, users of Lux technologies rely on the light output being similar to the gene expression they wish to measure. We show that this is not the case. Rather, there is a nonlinear relationship between the two: light output can be misleading and so limits the way that such data can be interpreted. We have developed a new computational method that, for the first time, allows users of Lux reporters to infer accurate gene transcription levels from bioluminescent data. We show examples where a small decrease in light would be better interpreted as promoter being switched off, or where an increase in light would be better interpreted as promoter activity for a longer time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudassar Iqbal
- Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Doherty
- Food Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Anna M. L. Page
- Food Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Saara N. A. Qazi
- Food Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Ishan Ajmera
- Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Peter A. Lund
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Theodore Kypraios
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Scott
- Food Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Philip J. Hill
- Food Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Dov J. Stekel
- Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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20
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Paterson AS, Raja B, Mandadi V, Townsend B, Lee M, Buell A, Vu B, Brgoch J, Willson RC. A low-cost smartphone-based platform for highly sensitive point-of-care testing with persistent luminescent phosphors. Lab Chip 2017; 17:1051-1059. [PMID: 28154873 PMCID: PMC5476460 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc01167e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Through their computational power and connectivity, smartphones are poised to rapidly expand telemedicine and transform healthcare by enabling better personal health monitoring and rapid diagnostics. Recently, a variety of platforms have been developed to enable smartphone-based point-of-care testing using imaging-based readout with the smartphone camera as the detector. Fluorescent reporters have been shown to improve the sensitivity of assays over colorimetric labels, but fluorescence readout necessitates incorporating optical hardware into the detection system, adding to the cost and complexity of the device. Here we present a simple, low-cost smartphone-based detection platform for highly sensitive luminescence imaging readout of point-of-care tests run with persistent luminescent phosphors as reporters. The extremely bright and long-lived emission of persistent phosphors allows sensitive analyte detection with a smartphone by a facile time-gated imaging strategy. Phosphors are first briefly excited with the phone's camera flash, followed by switching off the flash, and subsequent imaging of phosphor luminescence with the camera. Using this approach, we demonstrate detection of human chorionic gonadotropin using a lateral flow assay and the smartphone platform with strontium aluminate nanoparticles as reporters, giving a detection limit of ≈45 pg mL-1 (1.2 pM) in buffer. Time-gated imaging on a smartphone can be readily adapted for sensitive and potentially quantitative testing using other point-of-care formats, and is workable with a variety of persistent luminescent materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Paterson
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, USA. and Luminostics, Inc., Houston, TX, USA
| | - Balakrishnan Raja
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, USA. and Luminostics, Inc., Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vinay Mandadi
- Luminostics, Inc., Houston, TX, USA and Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, USA
| | | | | | - Alex Buell
- Department of Computer Science, University of Houston, USA
| | - Binh Vu
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, USA.
| | | | - Richard C Willson
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, USA. and Department of Biology & Biochemistry, University of Houston, USA and Centro de Biotecnología FEMSA, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Mexico
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21
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Abstract
Secreted reporter proteins are reliable modalities for monitoring of different biological processes, which can be measured longitudinally in conditioned medium of cultured cells or body fluids such as blood and urine, ex vivo. In this chapter, we will explore established secreted reporters and their applications and limitations for monitoring of promoter function. We will also describe both cell-based and blood-based assays for detecting three commonly used reporters: secreted alkaline phosphatase (SEAP ), Gaussia luciferase (Gluc), and Vargula luciferase (Vluc).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazal Lashgari
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rami S Kantar
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bakhos A Tannous
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Neuroscience Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Building 149, 13th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.
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22
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Landgraf D, Huh D, Hallacli E, Lindquist S. Scarless Gene Tagging with One-Step Transformation and Two-Step Selection in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163950. [PMID: 27736907 PMCID: PMC5063382 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene tagging with fluorescent proteins is commonly applied to investigate the localization and dynamics of proteins in their cellular environment. Ideally, a fluorescent tag is genetically inserted at the endogenous locus at the N- or C- terminus of the gene of interest without disrupting regulatory sequences including the 5’ and 3’ untranslated region (UTR) and without introducing any extraneous unwanted “scar” sequences, which may create unpredictable transcriptional or translational effects. We present a reliable, low-cost, and highly efficient method for the construction of such scarless C-terminal and N-terminal fusions with fluorescent proteins in yeast. The method relies on sequential positive and negative selection and uses an integration cassette with long flanking regions, which is assembled by two-step PCR, to increase the homologous recombination frequency. The method also enables scarless tagging of essential genes with no need for a complementing plasmid. To further ease high-throughput strain construction, we have computationally automated design of the primers, applied the primer design code to all open reading frames (ORFs) of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) and the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe (S. pombe), and provide here the computed sequences. To illustrate the scarless N- and C-terminal gene tagging methods in S. cerevisiae, we tagged various genes including the E3 ubiquitin ligase RSP5, the proteasome subunit PRE1, and the eleven Rab GTPases with yeast codon-optimized mNeonGreen or mCherry; several of these represent essential genes. We also implemented the scarless C-terminal gene tagging method in the distantly related organism S. pombe using kanMX6 and HSV1tk as positive and negative selection markers, respectively, as well as ura4. The scarless gene tagging methods presented here are widely applicable to visualize and investigate the functional roles of proteins in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Landgraf
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Dann Huh
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Erinc Hallacli
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Susan Lindquist
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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23
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Abstract
Genetically encoded fluorescent Zn(2+) indicators (GEZIs) are highly attractive research tools for studying Zn(2+) homeostasis and signaling in mammalian cells. Most current GEZIs are based on Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between a select pair of fluorescent proteins (FPs) fused with Zn(2+)-binding motifs. One drawback of such FRET-based GEZIs is their broad spectral profile bandwidths, creating challenges when monitoring multiple targets or parameters. To address this issue, we have engineered a group of intensiometric GEZIs based on single teal and red FPs that can be utilized to monitor subcellular Zn(2+) diffusion and glucose-induced Zn(2+) secretion in pancreatic INS-1E β-cells. These GEZIs offer the simplicity of intensiometric measurements, compatibility in multicolor imaging, large dynamic ranges, and relatively small molecular sizes, making them valuable additions to the molecular toolbox for imaging Zn(2+).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside, 501 Big Springs Road, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Hui-wang Ai
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside, 501 Big Springs Road, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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24
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Manoharan GB, Enkvist E, Uri A. Combining chemical and genetic approaches for development of responsive FRET-based sensor systems for protein kinases. Biophys Chem 2016; 211:39-48. [PMID: 26874332 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Chemical and genetic approaches were combined for the development of responsive FRET-based sensor systems for protein kinases, using PIM2 as the model kinase. Fusions of PIM2 and a red fluorescent protein, TagRFP were expressed in mammalian cells and small-molecule ARC-Lum photoluminescent probes possessing different phosphorescent and fluorescent properties were constructed. Based on a variety of Förster-type resonant energy transfer (FRET) mechanisms (including intermolecular or intramolecular energy transfer and transfer between singlet-singlet or triplet-singlet electronic states of interacting luminophores) of the probe and that of the fluorescently tagged PIM2, FRET-based sensor systems were constructed. The developed assays can be applied for analysis of PIM2 in biological samples and screening and characterization of PIM2 inhibitors in cell lysates. In screening studies sub-micromolar affinity of a d-arginine-rich peptide, nona(d-arginine) amide [(d-Arg)9-NH2], towards PIM2 was discovered that points to possible specific effect of this widely used transport peptide to cellular protein phosphorylation balance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erki Enkvist
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14A, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Asko Uri
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14A, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.
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25
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Abstract
Aqueous microdroplets with a volume of a few femtoliters are an ideal sample size for single-molecule fluorescence experiments. In particular, they enable prolonged measurements to be made on individual molecules that can diffuse freely in the surrounding medium. However, the rapid production of monodisperse droplets in a hydrodynamic flow, such as microfluidic flow focusing, will often involve volumes that are typically too large (>0.5 pL) for single-molecule studies. Desired volumes of a few femtoliters, or smaller, can be produced by either tip streaming or step emulsification in a flow-focusing device; however, in both of these methods, the aqueous droplets are dispersed in a large volume of the continuous phase, where individual droplets can diffuse perpendicular to the flow direction, and the monodispersity of droplet size produced by tip streaming is difficult to sustain for more than transient time scales. We show here that the optimized design and fabrication of microfluidic devices with shallow channel depths can result in the reliable production of stable droplets of a few femtoliters at a high rate in the dripping regime of flow focusing. Furthermore, the generated microdroplets are localized in a two-dimensional plane to enable immediate analysis. We have demonstrated the fluorescence monitoring of single molecules of encapsulated green fluorescent protein. The apparatus is straightfoward, inexpensive, and readily assembled within an ordinary laboratory environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Weinmeister
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester , Leicester, LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester , Leicester, LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Freeman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester , Leicester, LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Ian C Eperon
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester , Leicester, LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
| | - Alison M Stuart
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester , Leicester, LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Hudson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester , Leicester, LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
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26
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Lee ES, Im HJ, Kim HS, Youn H, Lee HJ, Kim SU, Hwang DW, Lee DS. In vivo brain delivery of v-myc overproduced human neural stem cells via the intranasal pathway: tumor characteristics in the lung of a nude mouse. Mol Imaging 2015; 13. [PMID: 25743637 DOI: 10.2310/7290.2014.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to monitor the successful brain delivery of stem cells via the intranasal route and to observe the long-term consequence of the immortalized human neural stem cells in the lungs of a nude mouse model. Stably immortalized HB1.F3 human neural stem cells with firefly luciferase gene (F3-effluc) were intranasally delivered to BALB/c nude mice. Bioluminescence images were serially acquired until 41 days in vivo and at 4 hours and 41 days ex vivo after intranasal delivery. Lungs were evaluated by histopathology. After intranasal delivery of F3-effluc cells, the intense in vivo signals were detected in the nasal area, migrated toward the brain areas at 4 hours (4 of 13, 30.8%), and gradually decreased for 2 days. The brain signals were confirmed by ex vivo imaging (2 of 4, 50%). In the mice with initial lung signals (4 of 9, 44.4%), the lung signals disappeared for 5 days but reappeared 2 weeks later. The intense lung signals were confirmed to originate from the tumors in the lungs formed by F3-effluc cells by ex vivo imaging and histopathology. We propose that intranasal delivery of immortalized stem cells should be monitored for their successful delivery to the brain and their tumorigenicity longitudinally.
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27
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Abstract
Significant progress has been made in the development of chemical biology methods used to study the molecular behavior and interplay among live cells. These include the development of novel fluorescent molecules and photo-cross-linking agents that can be used to determine the cellular locations of biomacromolecules (including proteins and nucleic acids). Various biosensors utilizing the remarkable ligand-recognition abilities of biomacromolecules have also been developed. To allow such chemically functionalized molecules to interact with their partners, and to fully exploit the abilities and functions thereof, it is necessary to efficiently deliver such molecules into cells, specifically into the cytosol. Here, we illustrate intracellular delivery methods employing arginine-rich cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) (e.g., octa-arginine) in the presence of a counteranion, pyrenebutyrate. This approach is especially suitable for intracellular delivery of small proteins and peptides. Approaches employing arginine-rich CPPs tagged with a penetration-accelerating sequence can also be used toward this end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuhiko Nakase
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Research Center, Research Organization for the 21st Century, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
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28
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Giuriato S, Faumont N, Bousquet E, Foisseau M, Bibonne A, Moreau M, Al Saati T, Felsher DW, Delsol G, Meggetto F. Development of a conditional bioluminescent transplant model for TPM3-ALK-induced tumorigenesis as a tool to validate ALK-dependent cancer targeted therapy. Cancer Biol Ther 2014; 6:1318-23. [PMID: 17660712 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.6.8.4508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression and activation of TPM3-ALK tyrosine kinase fusion protein is a causal oncogenic event in the development of Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma and Inflammatory Myofibroblastic ALK-positive tumors. Thus, the development of ALK specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors is a current therapeutic challenge. Animal models are essential to assess, in vivo, the efficiency of ALK-oncogene inhibitors and to identify new and/or additional therapeutic targets in the ALK tumorigenesis pathway. Using the tetracycline system to allow conditional and concomitant TPM3-ALK and luciferase expression, we have developed a unique transplant model for bioluminescent TPM3-ALK-induced fibroblastic tumors in athymic nude mice. The reversible TPM3-ALK expression allowed us to demonstrate that this oncogene is essential for the tumor growth and its maintenance. In addition, we showed that this model could be used to precisely assess tumor growth inhibition upon ALK chemical inactivation. As proof of principle, we used the general tyrosine kinase inhibitor herbimycin A to inhibit ALK oncoprotein activity. As expected, herbimycin A treatment reduced tumor growth as assessed both by tumor volume measurement and bioluminescent imaging. We conclude that this transplant model for TPM3-ALK-induced tumors represents a valuable tool not only to accurately and rapidly evaluate in vivo ALK-targeted therapies but also to gain insight into the mechanism of ALK-positive tumor development.
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MESH Headings
- Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase
- Animals
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/pharmacology
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/therapeutic use
- Benzoquinones/pharmacology
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor/methods
- Genes, Reporter
- Lactams, Macrocyclic/pharmacology
- Luciferases/analysis
- Luciferases/genetics
- Luminescent Agents/analysis
- Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic/enzymology
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/analysis
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/antagonists & inhibitors
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/analysis
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases
- Rifabutin/analogs & derivatives
- Tropomyosin/analysis
- Tropomyosin/antagonists & inhibitors
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Giuriato
- INSERM, U563, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Toulouse, France.
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29
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Chen X, Jin Q, Wu L, Tung C, Tang X. Synthesis and unique photoluminescence properties of nitrogen-rich quantum dots and their applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:12542-7. [PMID: 25296956 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201408422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen-rich quantum dots (N-dots) were serendipitously synthesized in methanol or aqueous solution at a reaction temperature as low as 50 °C. These N-dots have a small size (less than 10 nm) and contain a high percentage of the element nitrogen, and are thus a new member of quantum-dot family. These N-dots show unique and distinct photoluminescence properties with an increasing percentage of nitrogen compared to the neighboring carbon dots. The photoluminescence behavior was adjusted from blue to green simply through variation of the reaction temperature. Furthermore, the detailed mechanism of N-dot formation was also proposed with the trapped intermediate. These N-dots have also shown promising applications as fluorescent ink and biocompatible staining in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Rd. Beijing 100191 (China)
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30
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Baggaley E, Cao DK, Sykes D, Botchway SW, Weinstein JA, Ward MD. Combined two-photon excitation and d→f energy transfer in a water-soluble Ir(III)/Eu(III) dyad: two luminescence components from one molecule for cellular imaging. Chemistry 2014; 20:8898-903. [PMID: 24930403 PMCID: PMC4145666 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The first example of cell imaging using two independent emission components from a dinuclear d/f complex is reported. A water-stable, cell-permeable Ir(III) /Eu(III) dyad undergoes partial Ir→Eu energy transfer following two-photon excitation of the Ir unit at 780 nm. Excitation in the near-IR region generated simultaneously green Ir-based emission and red Eu-based emission from the same probe. The orders-of-magnitude difference in their timescales (Ir ca. μs; Eu ca. 0.5 ms) allowed them to be identified by time-gated detection. Phosphorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (PLIM) allowed the lifetime of the Ir-based emission to be measured in different parts of the cell. At the same time, the cells are simultaneously imaged by using the Eu-based emission component at longer timescales. This new approach to cellular imaging by using dual d/f emitters should therefore enable autofluorescence-free sensing of two different analytes, independently, simultaneously and in the same regions of a cell.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deng-Ke Cao
- Department of Chemistry, University of SheffieldSheffield S3 7HF (UK)
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093 (P.R. China)
| | - Daniel Sykes
- Department of Chemistry, University of SheffieldSheffield S3 7HF (UK)
| | - Stanley W Botchway
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, STFC, Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation CampusDidcot OX11 0FA (UK)
| | - Julia A Weinstein
- Department of Chemistry, University of SheffieldSheffield S3 7HF (UK)
| | - Michael D Ward
- Department of Chemistry, University of SheffieldSheffield S3 7HF (UK)
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31
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Abstract
Notch signaling depends on regulated intracellular trafficking of the receptor and its ligands (Kopan and Ilagan, Cell 137:216-233, 2009; Le Borgne et al., Development 132:1751-1762, 2005). Here we describe two methods to study the intracellular trafficking of Notch and Delta in Drosophila. First, an ex vivo antibody uptake assay is used to monitor endocytosis of Notch and Delta by living cells in dissected explants (Le Borgne and Schweisguth, Dev Cell 5:139-148, 2003). Second, real-time imaging of fluorescent proteins that are expressed at physiological levels is used to study trafficking of Notch in living flies (Venken et al., Science 314:1747-1751, 2006; Couturier et al., Nat Cell Biol 14, 131-139, 2012).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydie Couturier
- Département de Biologie du Développement, Unité de Génétique du Développement de la Drosophile, Institut Pasteur and CNRS, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75015, Paris, France
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32
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Liu J, Yu M, Ning X, Zhou C, Yang S, Zheng J. PEGylation and zwitterionization: pros and cons in the renal clearance and tumor targeting of near-IR-emitting gold nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [PMID: 24123783 DOI: 10.1021/nl061786n.core-shell] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinbin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd. Richardson, Texas, 75080 (USA) http://www.utdallas.edu/∼jiezheng
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33
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Liu J, Yu M, Ning X, Zhou C, Yang S, Zheng J. PEGylation and zwitterionization: pros and cons in the renal clearance and tumor targeting of near-IR-emitting gold nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:12572-6. [PMID: 24123783 PMCID: PMC4127427 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201304465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinbin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd. Richardson, Texas, 75080 (USA)
| | - Mengxiao Yu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd. Richardson, Texas, 75080 (USA)
| | - Xuhui Ning
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd. Richardson, Texas, 75080 (USA)
| | - Chen Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd. Richardson, Texas, 75080 (USA)
| | - Shengyang Yang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd. Richardson, Texas, 75080 (USA)
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd. Richardson, Texas, 75080 (USA)
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34
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Petryayeva E, Algar WR, Medintz IL. Quantum dots in bioanalysis: a review of applications across various platforms for fluorescence spectroscopy and imaging. Appl Spectrosc 2013; 67:215-52. [PMID: 23452487 DOI: 10.1366/12-06948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are brightly luminescent nanoparticles that have found numerous applications in bioanalysis and bioimaging. In this review, we highlight recent developments in these areas in the context of specific methods for fluorescence spectroscopy and imaging. Following a primer on the structure, properties, and biofunctionalization of QDs, we describe select examples of how QDs have been used in combination with steady-state or time-resolved spectroscopic techniques to develop a variety of assays, bioprobes, and biosensors that function via changes in QD photoluminescence intensity, polarization, or lifetime. Some special attention is paid to the use of Förster resonance energy transfer-type methods in bioanalysis, including those based on bioluminescence and chemiluminescence. Direct chemiluminescence, electrochemiluminescence, and charge transfer quenching are similarly discussed. We further describe the combination of QDs and flow cytometry, including traditional cellular analyses and spectrally encoded barcode-based assay technologies, before turning our attention to enhanced fluorescence techniques based on photonic crystals or plasmon coupling. Finally, we survey the use of QDs across different platforms for biological fluorescence imaging, including epifluorescence, confocal, and two-photon excitation microscopy; single particle tracking and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy; super-resolution imaging; near-field scanning optical microscopy; and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy. In each of the above-mentioned platforms, QDs provide the brightness needed for highly sensitive detection, the photostability needed for tracking dynamic processes, or the multiplexing capacity needed to elucidate complex systems. There is a clear synergy between advances in QD materials and spectroscopy and imaging techniques, as both must be applied in concert to achieve their full potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Petryayeva
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
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Ma DL, Zhong HJ, Fu WC, Chan DSH, Kwan HY, Fong WF, Chung LH, Wong CY, Leung CH. Phosphorescent imaging of living cells using a cyclometalated iridium (III) complex. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55751. [PMID: 23457478 PMCID: PMC3573050 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A cell permeable cyclometalated iridium(III) complex has been developed as a phosphorescent probe for cell imaging. The iridium(III) solvato complex [Ir(phq)2(H2O]2)] preferentially stains the cytoplasm of both live and dead cells with a bright luminescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dik-Lung Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.
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Abstract
Brain response to ischemic injury is characterized by initiation of a complex pathophysiological cascade comprising the events that may evolve over hours or several days and weeks after initial attack. At present, spatial and temporal dynamics of these events is not completely understood. To enable better understanding of the brain response to ischemic injury we developed and validated several novel transgenic mouse models of bioluminescence and fluorescence, allowing the noninvasive and time-lapse imaging of neuroinflammation, neuronal damage/stress and repair. These mice represent a powerful analytical tool for understanding in vivo pathology as well as the evaluating pharmacokinetics and longitudinal responses to drug therapies. Here, we describe the basic procedures of generating biophotonic mouse models for live imaging of microglial activation and neuronal stress and recovery, followed by a detailed description of in vivo bioluminescence imaging protocols used after experimental stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Cordeau
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Laval University, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université Laval, Québec, Québec City, Canada
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Xia Z, Xing Y, Jeon J, Kim YP, Gall J, Dragulescu-Andrasi A, Gambhir SS, Rao J. Immobilizing reporters for molecular imaging of the extracellular microenvironment in living animals. ACS Chem Biol 2011; 6:1117-26. [PMID: 21830814 PMCID: PMC3199358 DOI: 10.1021/cb200135e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We report here an immobilization strategy using a collagen binding protein to deliver and confine synthetic reporters to the extracellular microenvironment in vivo for noninvasively imaging the activity of targets in the microenvironment. We show that the immobilization of reporters on collagens in the local microenvironment is highly efficient and physiologically stable for repetitive, long-term imaging. By using this strategy we successfully developed an immobilized bioluminescent activatable reporter and a dual-modality reporter to map and quantitatively image the activity of extracellular matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) in tumor-bearing mice. The inhibition of MMP activity by chemical inhibitor was also demonstrated in living subjects. We further demonstrated the general applicability of this immobilization strategy by imaging MMP activity at the inflammation site in a mouse model. Our results show that the in vivo immobilization of reporters can be used as a general strategy for probing the local extracellular microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuyong Xia
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology & Bio-X Program, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Road, Stanford, CA 94035-5484, USA
| | - Yun Xing
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology & Bio-X Program, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Road, Stanford, CA 94035-5484, USA
| | - Jongho Jeon
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology & Bio-X Program, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Road, Stanford, CA 94035-5484, USA
| | - Young-Pil Kim
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology & Bio-X Program, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Road, Stanford, CA 94035-5484, USA
| | - Jessica Gall
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology & Bio-X Program, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Road, Stanford, CA 94035-5484, USA
| | - Anca Dragulescu-Andrasi
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology & Bio-X Program, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Road, Stanford, CA 94035-5484, USA
| | - Sanjiv S. Gambhir
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology & Bio-X Program, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Road, Stanford, CA 94035-5484, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Road, Stanford, CA 94035-5484, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Road, Stanford, CA 94035-5484, USA
| | - Jianghong Rao
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology & Bio-X Program, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Road, Stanford, CA 94035-5484, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Road, Stanford, CA 94035-5484, USA
- Biophysics and Cancer Biology Programs, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Road, Stanford, CA 94035-5484, USA
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Michnick SW, Ear PH, Landry C, Malleshaiah MK, Messier V. Protein-fragment complementation assays for large-scale analysis, functional dissection and dynamic studies of protein-protein interactions in living cells. Methods Mol Biol 2011; 756:395-425. [PMID: 21870242 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-160-4_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Protein-fragment Complementation Assays (PCAs) are a family of assays for detecting protein-protein interactions (PPIs) that have been developed to provide simple and direct ways to study PPIs in any living cell, multicellular organism, or in vitro. PCAs can be used to detect PPI between proteins of any molecular weight and expressed at their endogenous levels. Proteins are expressed in their appropriate cellular compartments and can undergo any posttranslational modification or degradation that, barring effects of the PCA fragment fusion, they would normally undergo. Assays can be performed in any cell type or model organism that can be transformed or transfected with gene expression DNA constructs. Here we focus on recent applications of PCA in the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, that cover the gamut of applications one could envision for studying any aspect of PPIs. We present detailed protocols for large-scale analysis of PPIs with the survival-selection dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), reporter PCA, and a new PCA based on a yeast cytosine deaminase reporter that allows for both survival and death selection. This PCA should prove a powerful way to dissect PPIs. We then present methods to study spatial localization and dynamics of PPIs based on fluorescent protein reporter PCAs.
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Nizam S, Singh K, Verma PK. Expression of the fluorescent proteins DsRed and EGFP to visualize early events of colonization of the chickpea blight fungus Ascochyta rabiei. Curr Genet 2010; 56:391-9. [PMID: 20461519 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-010-0305-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2010] [Revised: 04/18/2010] [Accepted: 04/24/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Ascochyta blight caused by the ascomycete fungus Ascochyta rabiei, is a major biotic constraint of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), resulting in disastrous crop losses worldwide. To study early stages of development and pathogenic mechanisms of the fungus, two binary vectors for the constitutive expression of the red fluorescent protein (DsRed-Express) and the green fluorescent protein (EGFP1) were constructed. Furthermore, we have developed an improved and highly reproducible Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation protocol for A. rabiei. Transformation events were confirmed through Southern hybridizations that suggest single-copy integration of reporter genes in majority of the transformants. High level expression of both DsRed and EGFP proteins was obtained both in spores and in mycelia as detected by fluorescence microscopy. Intense fluorescence was used as a highly efficient vital marker to visualize early developmental changes of the fungus. The formation of infection structures like appressoria and germ tubes were observed both in vitro and in planta. This work will be useful to develop methodologies for understanding the mechanisms of Ascochyta-chickpea interaction and functional genomics of A. rabiei towards the isolation of virulence genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadab Nizam
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
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Abstract
Highly emissive europium complexes with specific endoplasmic reticulum localization potential includes several advantages such as fast uptake, long resident lifetime, low dosage requirement, low cytotoxicity and highly emissive two-photon induced f-f emission imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ga-Lai Law
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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Kwon Y, Lee JK, Sung JK, Lee JH, Kim SJ, Shin YS, Park K. Synthesis and photoluminescence properties of spherical fine red (Y(1-x-y)Gd(x)EU(y))BO3 (0 < or = x < or = 0.36, 0.06 < or = y < or = 0.13) phosphors using ultrasonic spray pyrolysis. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2009; 9:4202-4206. [PMID: 19916430 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2009.m32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The post-heat treated (Y(1-x-y)Gd(x)Eu(y))BO3 (0 < or = x < or = 0.36, 0.06 < or = y < or = 0.13) powders crystallized in a solution of (Y(1-x-y)Gd(x)Eu(y))BO3 with the hexagonal vaterite crystal structure, irrespective of composition. The lattice parameter of the (Y(0.9-x)Gd(x)Eu(0.1))BO3 (0 < or = x < or = 0.36) powders slightly increased with an increase in Gd content. The average powder sizes were sub-micron order and the powders showed relatively uniform size distribution and smooth surface. We obtained improved powder morphologies by adding organic additives such as ethylene glycol and citric acid. For the post-treated (Y(0.9-x)Gd(x)Eu(0.1))BO3, the emission intensity became stronger with increasing Gd content up to x = 0.27. In addition, for the post-treated (Y(0.73-y)Gd(0.27)Eu(y))BO3, the emission intensity gradually increased with Eu content up to y = 0.13. In particular, the emission intensity of the (Y(0.6)Gd)0.27)Eu(0.13))BO3 powders synthesized was higher than that of the commercial (Y,Gd)BO3:Eu3+ product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kwon
- Faculty of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747, Korea
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Cutler PJ, Haaland DM, Gemperline PJ. Systematic method for the kinetic modeling of temporally resolved hyperspectral microscope images of fluorescently labeled cells. Appl Spectrosc 2009; 63:261-270. [PMID: 19281641 DOI: 10.1366/000370209787598825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we report the application of a novel method for fitting kinetic models to temporally resolved hyperspectral images of fluorescently labeled cells to mathematically resolve pure-component spatial images, pure-component spectra, and pure-component reaction profiles. The method is demonstrated on one simulated image and two experimental cell images, including human embryonic kidney cells (HEK 293) and human A549 pulmonary type II epithelial cells. In both cell images, inhibitor kappa B kinase alpha (IKK(alpha)) and mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) were labeled with green and yellow fluorescent protein, respectively. Kinetic modeling was performed on the compressed images by using a separable least squares method. A combination of several first-order decays were needed to adequately model the photobleaching processes for each fluorophore observed in these images, consistent with the hypothesis that each fluorophore was found in several different environments within the cells. Numerous plausible mechanisms for kinetic modeling of the photobleaching processes in these images were tested and a method for selecting the most parsimonious and statistically sufficient model was used to prepare spatial maps of each fluorophore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Cutler
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27858, USA
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Heller DA, Jin H, Martinez BM, Patel D, Miller BM, Yeung TK, Jena PV, Höbartner C, Ha T, Silverman SK, Strano MS. Multimodal optical sensing and analyte specificity using single-walled carbon nanotubes. Nat Nanotechnol 2009; 4:114-20. [PMID: 19197314 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2008.369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2008] [Accepted: 10/13/2008] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale sensing elements offer promise for single-molecule analyte detection in physically or biologically constrained environments. Single-walled carbon nanotubes have several advantages when used as optical sensors, such as photostable near-infrared emission for prolonged detection through biological media and single-molecule sensitivity. Molecular adsorption can be transduced into an optical signal by perturbing the electronic structure of the nanotubes. Here, we show that a pair of single-walled nanotubes provides at least four modes that can be modulated to uniquely fingerprint agents by the degree to which they alter either the emission band intensity or wavelength. We validate this identification method in vitro by demonstrating the detection of six genotoxic analytes, including chemotherapeutic drugs and reactive oxygen species, which are spectroscopically differentiated into four distinct classes, and also demonstrate single-molecule sensitivity in detecting hydrogen peroxide. Finally, we detect and identify these analytes in real time within live 3T3 cells, demonstrating multiplexed optical detection from a nanoscale biosensor and the first label-free tool to optically discriminate between genotoxins.
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Durão WA, de Castro CA, Windmöller CC. Mercury reduction studies to facilitate the thermal decontamination of phosphor powder residues from spent fluorescent lamps. Waste Manag 2008; 28:2311-2319. [PMID: 18096377 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2007.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2007] [Revised: 10/01/2007] [Accepted: 10/12/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This work investigates the thermal release of mercury from phosphor powder of spent fluorescent lamps. The treatment conditions and the ability of various reducing agents (primarily sodium borohydride) to lower the overall heating temperature required to improve the release of Hg have been evaluated. Hg species in samples were monitored in a thermal desorption atomic absorption spectrometer system, and total mercury was analyzed in a cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometer. Sodium borohydride was the best reducing agent among the ones studied. However, citric acid presented a high capacity to weaken mercury bonds with the matrix. When the sample was crushed with sodium borohydride for 40 min in a mass ratio of 10:1 (sample:reducing agent) and submitted to thermal treatment at 300 degrees C for 2 h, the concentration of mercury in a phosphor powder sample with 103 mg kg(-1) of mercury reached 6.6 mg kg(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Alves Durão
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Cidade Universitária 30.123-970 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Abstract
Bioluminescence imaging has become a very popular tool for noninvasive monitoring of fundamental biological and molecular processes in small living subjects. Luciferases are light-emitting enzymes that can generate light (known as bioluminescence) after reacting with specific substrates. The emitted light is used as a detection system for luciferase activity, which acts as a "reporter" for the activity of any regulatory elements that control its expression. These enzymes are isolated from various organisms, conveniently modified for expression in mammalian cells, and are extensively used in molecular biology and cell culture experiments. Recent advances in optical technology have opened a new dimension for in vivo application of luciferase enzymes in biomedical research. The most commonly utilized luciferases for in vivo bioluminescence are isolated from two very different sources: firefly luciferase (or beetle luciferase) and renilla luciferase (isolated from sea pansy). Although both these luciferases can produce light following interaction with the substrates, structurally and biochemically they are very different. Here we describe the methods and applications of firefly and renilla luciferases in molecular imaging using small animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritha Ray
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology, Bio-X Program, Stanford University, USA
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47
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Allard STM. [Bioluminescent reporter genes]. Postepy Biochem 2008; 54:350-353. [PMID: 19248580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Reporter genes typically are used to monitor changes in transcriptional rate, which can vary quickly in response to a specific cellular event. Here we give background on bioluminescent reporters and assays and their uses in research.
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Li YY, Cheng H, Zhang ZG, Wang C, Zhu JL, Liang Y, Zhang KL, Cheng SX, Zhang XZ, Zhuo RX. Cellular internalization and in vivo tracking of thermosensitive luminescent micelles based on luminescent lanthanide chelate. ACS Nano 2008; 2:125-133. [PMID: 19206556 DOI: 10.1021/nn700145v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
An amphiphilic tris(dibenzoylmethanato)europium(III) (Eu(DBM)(3)) coordinated P(MMA-co-EIPPMMA)-co-P(NIPAAm-co-NDAPM) copolymer was synthesized, which exhibited good biocompatibility and emitted strong red luminescence (MMA, methyl methacrylate; EIPPMMA, 4-(1-ethyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthrolin-2-yl)phenyl methacrylate; NIPAAm, N-isopropylacrylamide; NDAPM, (N-(3-dimethylamino)propyl)methacrylamide). The copolymer could self-assemble into micelles of size around 260 nm, and the micelles were thermosensitive at around body temperature. The drug-loaded micelles showed thermosensitive controlled drug release, and the paclitaxel loaded micelles were capable of being internalized into the tumor cells (A549) and exhibited obvious inhibition to the growth of A549 cells. Importantly, in vivo study showed the self-assembled micelles of Eu(DBM)(3) coordinated P(MMA-co-EIPPMMA)-co-P(NIPAAm-co-NDAPM) copolymer uptaken by the larvae of zebrafish could be easily tracked and be eliminated from the body within several days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Yong Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
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An Q, Dong Y, Wang W, Li Y, Li J. Constitutive expression of the nifA gene activates associative nitrogen fixation of Enterobacter gergoviae 57-7, an opportunistic endophytic diazotroph. J Appl Microbiol 2007; 103:613-20. [PMID: 17714394 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03289.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study was undertaken to investigate whether a nitrogen-fixing bacterium Enterobacter gergoviae 57-7, which was isolated from surface-sterilized maize (Zea mays L.) roots, can colonize in roots and whether constitutive expression of the nifA gene encoding the transcriptional activator of nitrogenase genes can activate nif gene expression in planta. METHODS AND RESULTS Maize seedlings grown in an agar medium were inoculated with Ent. gergoviae strains containing the green fluorescent protein reporter gene. Root colonization and expression of the dinitrogenase reductase gene (nifH) by Ent. gergoviae were observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. gfp-tagged Ent. gergoviae was observed to colonize predominantly in cortical aerenchyma of primary and lateral roots and in stellar parenchyma cells and xylem vessels of primary roots. In planta nifH :: gfp expression was not detected but after a constitutively expressed nifA gene was introduced into Ent. gergoviae. CONCLUSIONS Enterobacter gergoviae 57-7 is an opportunistic endophyte because it can live in soil and colonize in maize roots in the gnotobiotic agar culture. In agreement with previous (15)N-dilution evidence that Ent. gergoviae 57-7 did not fix N(2) in association with maize in pots whereas a derivative E7 containing a constitutively expressed nifA gene promoted plant growth partly through associative nitrogen fixation, constitutive expression of the nifA gene can activate bacterial nif gene expression in planta. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study and our previous studies suggest that manipulation of the promoter of the nifA gene in a nitrogen-fixing bacterium having a high colonization competence is a practical and promising approach to achieve a stable associative nitrogen fixation for cereals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q An
- Key Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environmental Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Abstract
Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) is becoming indispensable to the study of transgene expression during development and, in many in vivo models of disease such as cancer, for high throughput drug screening in vitro. Because reaction of d-luciferin with firefly luciferase (fLuc) produces photons of sufficiently long wavelength to permit imaging in intact animals, use of this substrate and enzyme pair has become the method of choice for performing BLI in vivo. We now show that expression of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family transporter ABCG2/BCRP affects BLI signal output from the substrate d-luciferin. In vitro studies show that d-luciferin is a substrate for ABCG2/BCRP but not for the MDR1 P-glycoprotein (ABCB1/Pgp), multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1/ABCC1), or multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2/ABCC2). d-Luciferin uptake within cells is shown to be modulated by ABC transporter inhibitors, including the potent and selective ABCG2/BCRP inhibitor fumitremorgin C. Images of xenografts engineered to express transgenic ABCG2/BCRP, as well as xenografts derived from the human prostate cancer cell line 22Rv1 that naturally express ABCG2/BCRP, show that ABCG2/BCRP expression and function within regions of interest substantially influence d-luciferin-dependent bioluminescent output in vivo. These findings highlight the need to consider ABCG2/BCRP effects during d-luciferin-based BLI and suggest novel high throughput methods for identifying new ABCG2/BCRP inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimao Zhang
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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