1
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Tang J, Lam GT, Brooks RD, Miles M, Useckaite Z, Johnson IR, Ung BSY, Martini C, Karageorgos L, Hickey SM, Selemidis S, Hopkins AM, Rowland A, Vather R, O'Leary JJ, Brooks DA, Caruso MC, Logan JM. Exploring the role of sporadic BRAF and KRAS mutations during colorectal cancer pathogenesis: A spotlight on the contribution of the endosome-lysosome system. Cancer Lett 2024; 585:216639. [PMID: 38290660 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The highly heterogenous nature of colorectal cancer can significantly hinder its early and accurate diagnosis, eventually contributing to high mortality rates. The adenoma-carcinoma sequence and serrated polyp-carcinoma sequence are the two most common sequences in sporadic colorectal cancer. Genetic alterations in adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), v-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) and tumour protein 53 (TP53) genes are critical in adenoma-carcinoma sequence, whereas v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (BRAF) and MutL Homolog1 (MLH1) are driving oncogenes in the serrated polyp-carcinoma sequence. Sporadic mutations in these genes contribute differently to colorectal cancer pathogenesis by introducing distinct alterations in several signalling pathways that rely on the endosome-lysosome system. Unsurprisingly, the endosome-lysosome system plays a pivotal role in the hallmarks of cancer and contributes to specialised colon function. Thus, the endosome-lysosome system might be distinctively influenced by different mutations and these alterations may contribute to the heterogenous nature of sporadic colorectal cancer. This review highlights potential connections between major sporadic colorectal cancer mutations and the diverse pathogenic mechanisms driven by the endosome-lysosome system in colorectal carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingying Tang
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Giang T Lam
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Robert D Brooks
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Mark Miles
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, STEM College, RMIT University, Bundoora, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Zivile Useckaite
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Flinders Drive, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ian Rd Johnson
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ben S-Y Ung
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Carmela Martini
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Litsa Karageorgos
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Shane M Hickey
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Stavros Selemidis
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, STEM College, RMIT University, Bundoora, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Ashley M Hopkins
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Flinders Drive, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Andrew Rowland
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Flinders Drive, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ryash Vather
- Colorectal Unit, Department of Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - John J O'Leary
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Douglas A Brooks
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Maria C Caruso
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jessica M Logan
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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2
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Kelly TE, Spillane CL, Ward MP, Hokamp K, Huang Y, Tewari P, Martin CM, Norris LA, Mohamed BM, Bates M, Brooks R, Selemidis S, Brooks DA, Kamran W, Saadeh FA, O’Toole SA, O’Leary JJ. Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 is associated with high-grade serous ovarian cancer metastasis and is reduced in patients who have received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1150991. [PMID: 38143926 PMCID: PMC10740207 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1150991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is the most prevalent and deadliest subtype of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), killing over 140,000 people annually. Morbidity and mortality are compounded by a lack of screening methods, and recurrence is common. Plasminogen-activator-inhibitor 1 (PAI-1, the protein product of SERPIN E1) is involved in hemostasis, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, and tumor cell migration and invasion. Overexpression is associated with poor prognosis in EOC. Platelets significantly increase PAI-1 in cancer cells in vitro, and may contribute to the hematogenous metastasis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs). CTCs are viable tumor cells that intravasate and travel through the circulation-often aided by platelets - with the potential to form secondary metastases. Here, we provide evidence that PAI-1 is central to the platelet-cancer cell interactome, and plays a role in the metastatic cascade. Methods: SK-OV-3 cells where PAI-1 had been silenced, treated with healthy donor platelets, and treated with platelet-conditioned medium were used as an in vitro model of metastatic EOC. Gene expression analysis was performed using RNA-Seq data from untreated cells and cells treated with PAI-1 siRNA or negative control, each with and without platelets. Four cohorts of banked patient plasma samples (n = 239) were assayed for PAI-1 by ELISA. Treatment-naïve (TN) whole blood (WB) samples were evaluated for CTCs in conjunction with PAI-1 evaluation in matched plasma. Results and discussion: Significant phenotypic changes occurring when PAI-1 was silenced and when platelets were added to cells were reflected by RNA-seq data, with PAI-1 observed to be central to molecular mechanisms of EOC metastasis. Increased proliferation was observed in cells treated with platelets. Plasma PAI-1 significantly correlated with advanced disease in a TN cohort, and was significantly reduced in a neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) cohort. PAI-1 demonstrated a trend towards significance in overall survival (OS) in the late-stage TN cohort, and correlation between PAI-1 and neutrophils in this cohort was significant. 72.7% (16/22) of TN patients with plasma PAI-1 levels higher than OS cutoff were CTC-positive. These data support a central role for PAI-1 in EOC metastasis, and highlight PAI-1's potential as a biomarker, prognostic indicator, or gauge of treatment response in HGSOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya E. Kelly
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, St. James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cathy L. Spillane
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark P. Ward
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, St. James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Karsten Hokamp
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Yanmei Huang
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, St. James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Prerna Tewari
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, St. James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cara M. Martin
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, St. James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lucy A. Norris
- Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, St. James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Bashir M. Mohamed
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, St. James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark Bates
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, St. James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Robert Brooks
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Stavros Selemidis
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, STEM College, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Douglas A. Brooks
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Waseem Kamran
- Division of Gynaegological Oncology, St. James’ Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Feras Abu Saadeh
- Division of Gynaegological Oncology, St. James’ Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sharon A. O’Toole
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, St. James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John J. O’Leary
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, St. James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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3
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Martini C, Logan JM, Sorvina A, Prabhakaran S, Ung BSY, Johnson IRD, Hickey SM, Brooks RD, Caruso MC, Klebe S, Karageorgos L, O'Leary JJ, Delahunt B, Samaratunga H, Brooks DA. Publisher Correction to: Distinct patterns of biomarker expression for atypical intraductal proliferations in prostate cancer. Virchows Arch 2023:10.1007/s00428-023-03666-8. [PMID: 37773453 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-023-03666-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Martini
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - Jessica M Logan
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Alexandra Sorvina
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sarita Prabhakaran
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Benjamin S-Y Ung
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ian R D Johnson
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Shane M Hickey
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Robert D Brooks
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Maria C Caruso
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sonja Klebe
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Surgical Pathology, SA Pathology at Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Litsa Karageorgos
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - John J O'Leary
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brett Delahunt
- Malaghan Institute for Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Hemamali Samaratunga
- Aquesta Uropathology and the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Douglas A Brooks
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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4
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Lam GT, Martini C, Brooks T, Prabhakaran S, Hopkins AM, Ung BSY, Tang J, Caruso MC, Brooks RD, Johnson IRD, Sorvina A, Hickey SM, Karageorgos L, Klebe S, O’Leary JJ, Brooks DA, Logan JM. Insights into Melanoma Clinical Practice: A Perspective for Future Research. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4631. [PMID: 37760601 PMCID: PMC10526186 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early diagnosis is the key to improving outcomes for patients with melanoma, and this requires a standardized histological assessment approach. The objective of this survey was to understand the challenges faced by clinicians when assessing melanoma cases, and to provide a perspective for future studies. METHODS Between April 2022 and February 2023, national and international dermatologists, pathologists, general practitioners, and laboratory managers were invited to participate in a six-question online survey. The data from the survey were assessed using descriptive statistics and qualitative responses. RESULTS A total of 54 responses were received, with a 51.4% (n = 28) full completion rate. Of the respondents, 96.4% reported ambiguity in their monthly melanoma diagnosis, and 82.1% routinely requested immunohistochemistry (IHC) testing to confirm diagnosis. SOX10 was the most frequently requested marker, and most respondents preferred multiple markers over a single marker. Diagnostic and prognostic tests, as well as therapeutic options and patient management, were all identified as important areas for future research. CONCLUSIONS The respondents indicated that the use of multiple IHC markers is essential to facilitate diagnostic accuracy in melanoma assessment. Survey responses indicate there is an urgent need to develop new biomarkers for clinical decision making at multiple critical intervention points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giang T. Lam
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Carmela Martini
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Tiffany Brooks
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Aware Women’s Health Private Clinic, Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia
| | - Sarita Prabhakaran
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Ashley M. Hopkins
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Ben S.-Y. Ung
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Jingying Tang
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Maria C. Caruso
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Robert D. Brooks
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Ian R. D. Johnson
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Alexandra Sorvina
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Shane M. Hickey
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Litsa Karageorgos
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Sonja Klebe
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
- Department of Surgical Pathology, SA Pathology at Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - John J. O’Leary
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Douglas A. Brooks
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jessica M. Logan
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
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5
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Martini C, Logan JM, Sorvina A, Prabhakaran S, Ung BSY, Johnson IRD, Hickey SM, Brooks RD, Caruso MC, Klebe S, Karageorgos L, O'Leary JJ, Delahunt B, Samaratunga H, Brooks DA. Distinct patterns of biomarker expression for atypical intraductal proliferations in prostate cancer. Virchows Arch 2023:10.1007/s00428-023-03643-1. [PMID: 37704825 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-023-03643-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
High-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) is a well-characterised precursor lesion in prostate cancer. The term atypical intraductal proliferations (AIP) describes lesions with features that are far too atypical to be considered HGPIN, yet insufficient to be diagnosed as intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDCP). Here, a panel of biomarkers was assessed to provide insights into the biological relationship between IDCP, HGPIN, and AIP and their relevance to current clinicopathological recommendations. Tissue samples from 86 patients with prostate cancer were assessed by routine haematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry (IHC) with a biomarker panel (Appl1/Sortilin/Syndecan-1) and a PIN4 cocktail (34βE12+P63/P504S). Appl1 strongly labelled atypical secretory cells, effectively visualising intraductal lesions. Sortilin labelling was moderate-to-strong in > 70% of cases, while Syndecan-1 was moderate-to-strong in micropapillary HGPIN/AIP lesions (83% cases) versus flat/tufting HGPIN (≤ 20% cases). Distinct biomarker labelling patterns for atypical intraductal lesions of the prostate were observed, including early atypical changes (flat/tufting HGPIN) and more advanced atypical changes (micropapillary HGPIN/AIP). Furthermore, the biomarker panel may be used as a tool to overcome the diagnostic uncertainty surrounding AIP by supporting a definitive diagnosis of IDCP for such lesions displaying the same biomarker pattern as cribriform IDCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Martini
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Jessica M Logan
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Alexandra Sorvina
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Sarita Prabhakaran
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Benjamin S Y Ung
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ian R D Johnson
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Shane M Hickey
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Robert D Brooks
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Maria C Caruso
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Sonja Klebe
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Surgical Pathology, SA Pathology at Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Litsa Karageorgos
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - John J O'Leary
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brett Delahunt
- Malaghan Institute for Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | - Douglas A Brooks
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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6
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Lam GT, Sorvina A, Martini C, Prabhakaran S, Ung BSY, Lazniewska J, Moore CR, Beck AR, Hopkins AM, Johnson IRD, Caruso MC, Hickey SM, Brooks RD, Jackett L, Karageorgos L, Foster-Smith EJ, Malone V, Klebe S, O'Leary JJ, Brooks DA, Logan JM. Altered endosomal-lysosomal biogenesis in melanoma. Neoplasia 2023; 43:100924. [PMID: 37562257 PMCID: PMC10423698 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2023.100924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is the deadliest form of skin neoplasm and its high mortality rates could be averted by early accurate detection. While the detection of melanoma is currently reliant upon melanin visualisation, research into melanosome biogenesis, as a key driver of pathogenesis, has not yielded technology that can reliably distinguish between atypical benign, amelanotic and melanotic lesions. The endosomal-lysosomal system has important regulatory roles in cancer cell biology, including a specific functional role in melanosome biogenesis. Herein, the involvement of the endosomal-lysosomal system in melanoma was examined by pooled secondary analysis of existing gene expression datasets. A set of differentially expressed endosomal-lysosomal genes was identified in melanoma, which were interconnected by biological function. To illustrate the protein expression of the dysregulated genes, immunohistochemistry was performed on samples from patients with cutaneous melanoma to reveal candidate markers. This study demonstrated the dysregulation of Syntenin-1, Sortilin and Rab25 may provide a differentiating feature between cutaneous melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma, while IGF2R may indicate malignant propensity in these skin cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giang T Lam
- Clinical and Health Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Alexandra Sorvina
- Clinical and Health Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Carmela Martini
- Clinical and Health Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sarita Prabhakaran
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ben S-Y Ung
- Clinical and Health Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Joanna Lazniewska
- Clinical and Health Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Courtney R Moore
- Clinical and Health Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Andrew R Beck
- Clinical and Health Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ashley M Hopkins
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ian R D Johnson
- Clinical and Health Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Maria C Caruso
- Clinical and Health Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Shane M Hickey
- Clinical and Health Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Robert D Brooks
- Clinical and Health Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Louise Jackett
- Anatomical Pathology Department, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Litsa Karageorgos
- Clinical and Health Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | - Victoria Malone
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sonja Klebe
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Department of Surgical Pathology, SA Pathology at Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - John J O'Leary
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Douglas A Brooks
- Clinical and Health Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jessica M Logan
- Clinical and Health Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
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7
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Lazniewska J, Li KL, Johnson IRD, Sorvina A, Logan JM, Martini C, Moore C, Ung BSY, Karageorgos L, Hickey SM, Prabhakaran S, Heatlie JK, Brooks RD, Huzzell C, Warnock NI, Ward MP, Mohammed B, Tewari P, Martin C, O'Toole S, Edgerton LB, Bates M, Moretti P, Pitson SM, Selemidis S, Butler LM, O'Leary JJ, Brooks DA. Dynamic interplay between sortilin and syndecan-1 contributes to prostate cancer progression. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13489. [PMID: 37596305 PMCID: PMC10439187 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40347-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) development and progression relies on the programming of glucose and lipid metabolism, and this involves alterations in androgen receptor expression and signalling. Defining the molecular mechanism that underpins this metabolic programming will have direct significance for patients with PCa who have a poor prognosis. Here we show that there is a dynamic balance between sortilin and syndecan-1, that reports on different metabolic phenotypes. Using tissue microarrays, we demonstrated by immunohistochemistry that sortilin was highly expressed in low-grade cancer, while syndecan-1 was upregulated in high-grade disease. Mechanistic studies in prostate cell lines revealed that in androgen-sensitive LNCaP cells, sortilin enhanced glucose metabolism by regulating GLUT1 and GLUT4, while binding progranulin and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) to limit lipid metabolism. In contrast, in androgen-insensitive PC3 cells, syndecan-1 was upregulated, interacted with LPL and colocalised with β3 integrin to promote lipid metabolism. In addition, androgen-deprived LNCaP cells had decreased expression of sortilin and reduced glucose-metabolism, but increased syndecan-1 expression, facilitating interactions with LPL and possibly β3 integrin. We report a hitherto unappreciated molecular mechanism for PCa, which may have significance for disease progression and how androgen-deprivation therapy might promote castration-resistant PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Lazniewska
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
| | - Ka Lok Li
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Ian R D Johnson
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Alexandra Sorvina
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Jessica M Logan
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Carmela Martini
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Courtney Moore
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Ben S-Y Ung
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Litsa Karageorgos
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Shane M Hickey
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Sarita Prabhakaran
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Jessica K Heatlie
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Robert D Brooks
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Chelsea Huzzell
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Nicholas I Warnock
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Mark P Ward
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Bashir Mohammed
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Prerna Tewari
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Cara Martin
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Sharon O'Toole
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | | | - Mark Bates
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Paul Moretti
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Stuart M Pitson
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Stavros Selemidis
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, STEM College, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Lisa M Butler
- South Australian ImmunoGENomics Cancer Institute and Freemasons Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Solid Tumour Program, Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - John J O'Leary
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Douglas A Brooks
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
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8
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Logan JM, Hopkins AM, Martini C, Sorvina A, Tewari P, Prabhakaran S, Huzzell C, Johnson IRD, Hickey SM, Ung BSY, Lazniewska J, Brooks RD, Moore CR, Caruso MC, Karageorgos L, Martin CM, O'Toole S, Bogue Edgerton L, Ward MP, Bates M, Selemidis S, Esterman A, Heffernan S, Keegan H, Ní Mhaolcatha S, O'Connor R, Malone V, Carter M, Ryan K, Clarke A, Brady N, Klebe S, Samaratunga H, Delahunt B, Sorich MJ, Moretti K, Butler LM, O'Leary JJ, Brooks DA. Prediction of Prostate Cancer Biochemical and Clinical Recurrence Is Improved by IHC-Assisted Grading Using Appl1, Sortilin and Syndecan-1. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3215. [PMID: 37370825 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gleason scoring is used within a five-tier risk stratification system to guide therapeutic decisions for patients with prostate cancer. This study aimed to compare the predictive performance of routine H&E or biomarker-assisted ISUP (International Society of Urological Pathology) grade grouping for assessing the risk of biochemical recurrence (BCR) and clinical recurrence (CR) in patients with prostate cancer. This retrospective study was an assessment of 114 men with prostate cancer who provided radical prostatectomy samples to the Australian Prostate Cancer Bioresource between 2006 and 2014. The prediction of CR was the primary outcome (median time to CR 79.8 months), and BCR was assessed as a secondary outcome (median time to BCR 41.7 months). The associations of (1) H&E ISUP grade groups and (2) modified ISUP grade groups informed by the Appl1, Sortilin and Syndecan-1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) labelling were modelled with BCR and CR using Cox proportional hazard approaches. IHC-assisted grading was more predictive than H&E for BCR (C-statistic 0.63 vs. 0.59) and CR (C-statistic 0.71 vs. 0.66). On adjusted analysis, IHC-assisted ISUP grading was independently associated with both outcome measures. IHC-assisted ISUP grading using the biomarker panel was an independent predictor of individual BCR and CR. Prospective studies are needed to further validate this biomarker technology and to define BCR and CR associations in real-world cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Logan
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Bradley Building, City West Campus, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Ashley M Hopkins
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Flinders Drive, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Carmela Martini
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Bradley Building, City West Campus, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Alexandra Sorvina
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Bradley Building, City West Campus, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Prerna Tewari
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sarita Prabhakaran
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Chelsea Huzzell
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Bradley Building, City West Campus, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Ian R D Johnson
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Bradley Building, City West Campus, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Shane M Hickey
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Bradley Building, City West Campus, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Ben S-Y Ung
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Bradley Building, City West Campus, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Joanna Lazniewska
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Bradley Building, City West Campus, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Robert D Brooks
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Bradley Building, City West Campus, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Courtney R Moore
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Bradley Building, City West Campus, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Maria C Caruso
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Bradley Building, City West Campus, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Litsa Karageorgos
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Bradley Building, City West Campus, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Cara M Martin
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sharon O'Toole
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Mark P Ward
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark Bates
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stavros Selemidis
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, STEM College, RMIT University, Bundoora, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - Adrian Esterman
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Bradley Building, City West Campus, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Sheena Heffernan
- Department of Pathology, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, D08 XW7X Dublin, Ireland
| | - Helen Keegan
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sarah Ní Mhaolcatha
- Department of Pathology, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, D08 XW7X Dublin, Ireland
| | - Roisin O'Connor
- Department of Pathology, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, D08 XW7X Dublin, Ireland
| | - Victoria Malone
- Department of Pathology, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, D08 XW7X Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marguerite Carter
- Department of Pathology, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, D08 XW7X Dublin, Ireland
| | - Katie Ryan
- Department of Pathology, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, D08 XW7X Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andres Clarke
- Department of Pathology, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, D08 XW7X Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nathan Brady
- Department of Pathology, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, D08 XW7X Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sonja Klebe
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Hemamali Samaratunga
- Aquesta Uropathology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Brett Delahunt
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Michael J Sorich
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Flinders Drive, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Kim Moretti
- Discipline of Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5371, Australia
- Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Lisa M Butler
- South Australian ImmunoGENomics Cancer Institute and Freemasons Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- Solid Tumour Program, Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - John J O'Leary
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Douglas A Brooks
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Bradley Building, City West Campus, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
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9
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Martini C, Logan JM, Sorvina A, Gordon C, Beck AR, S-Y Ung B, Caruso MC, Moore C, Hocking A, Johnson IRD, Li KL, Karageorgos L, Hopkins AM, Esterman AJ, Huzzell C, Brooks RD, Lazniewska J, Hickey SM, Bader C, Parkinson-Lawrence E, Weigert R, Sorich MJ, Tewari P, Martin C, O'Toole S, Bates M, Ward M, Mohammed B, Keegan H, Watson W, Prendergast S, Heffernan S, NiMhaolcatha S, O'Connor R, Malone V, Carter M, Ryan K, Brady N, Clarke A, Sokol F, Prabhakaran S, Stahl J, Klebe S, Samaratunga H, Delahunt B, Selemidis S, Moretti KL, Butler LM, O'Leary JJ, Brooks DA. Aberrant protein expression of Appl1, Sortilin and Syndecan-1 during the biological progression of prostate cancer. Pathology 2023; 55:40-51. [PMID: 36089417 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Diagnosis and assessment of patients with prostate cancer is dependent on accurate interpretation and grading of histopathology. However, morphology does not necessarily reflect the complex biological changes occurring in prostate cancer disease progression, and current biomarkers have demonstrated limited clinical utility in patient assessment. This study aimed to develop biomarkers that accurately define prostate cancer biology by distinguishing specific pathological features that enable reliable interpretation of pathology for accurate Gleason grading of patients. Online gene expression databases were interrogated and a pathogenic pathway for prostate cancer was identified. The protein expression of key genes in the pathway, including adaptor protein containing a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, phosphotyrosine-binding (PTB) domain, and leucine zipper motif 1 (Appl1), Sortilin and Syndecan-1, was examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in a pilot study of 29 patients with prostate cancer, using monoclonal antibodies designed against unique epitopes. Appl1, Sortilin, and Syndecan-1 expression was first assessed in a tissue microarray cohort of 112 patient samples, demonstrating that the monoclonal antibodies clearly illustrate gland morphologies. To determine the impact of a novel IHC-assisted interpretation (the utility of Appl1, Sortilin, and Syndecan-1 labelling as a panel) of Gleason grading, versus standard haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) Gleason grade assignment, a radical prostatectomy sample cohort comprising 114 patients was assessed. In comparison to H&E, the utility of the biomarker panel reduced subjectivity in interpretation of prostate cancer tissue morphology and improved the reliability of pathology assessment, resulting in Gleason grade redistribution for 41% of patient samples. Importantly, for equivocal IHC-assisted labelling and H&E staining results, the cancer morphology interpretation could be more accurately applied upon re-review of the H&E tissue sections. This study addresses a key issue in the field of prostate cancer pathology by presenting a novel combination of three biomarkers and has the potential to transform clinical pathology practice by standardising the interpretation of the tissue morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Martini
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - Jessica M Logan
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Alexandra Sorvina
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Colin Gordon
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Andrew R Beck
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ben S-Y Ung
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Maria C Caruso
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Courtney Moore
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ashleigh Hocking
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ian R D Johnson
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ka Lok Li
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Litsa Karageorgos
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ashley M Hopkins
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Flinders Drive, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Adrian J Esterman
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Chelsea Huzzell
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Robert D Brooks
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Joanna Lazniewska
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Shane M Hickey
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Christie Bader
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | - Roberto Weigert
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael J Sorich
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Flinders Drive, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Prerna Tewari
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cara Martin
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sharon O'Toole
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark Bates
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark Ward
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Bashir Mohammed
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Helen Keegan
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - William Watson
- University College Dublin, School of Medicine, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sophie Prendergast
- Department of Pathology, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sheena Heffernan
- Department of Pathology, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sarah NiMhaolcatha
- Department of Pathology, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Roisin O'Connor
- Department of Pathology, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Victoria Malone
- Department of Pathology, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marguerite Carter
- Department of Pathology, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Katie Ryan
- Department of Pathology, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nathan Brady
- Department of Pathology, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andres Clarke
- Department of Pathology, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Filip Sokol
- Department of Pathology, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sarita Prabhakaran
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Department of Anatomical Pathology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jürgen Stahl
- Department of Cytopathology and Histopathology, Clinpath Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sonja Klebe
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Department of Surgical Pathology, SA Pathology at Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | - Brett Delahunt
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Wellington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Stavros Selemidis
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, STEM College, RMIT University, Bundoora, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Kim L Moretti
- Discipline of Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Lisa M Butler
- South Australian ImmunoGENomics Cancer Institute and Freemasons Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Solid Tumour Program, Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - John J O'Leary
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Douglas A Brooks
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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10
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Hickey SM, Ung B, Bader C, Brooks R, Lazniewska J, Johnson IRD, Sorvina A, Logan J, Martini C, Moore CR, Karageorgos L, Sweetman MJ, Brooks DA. Fluorescence Microscopy-An Outline of Hardware, Biological Handling, and Fluorophore Considerations. Cells 2021; 11:35. [PMID: 35011596 PMCID: PMC8750338 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence microscopy has become a critical tool for researchers to understand biological processes at the cellular level. Micrographs from fixed and live-cell imaging procedures feature in a plethora of scientific articles for the field of cell biology, but the complexities of fluorescence microscopy as an imaging tool can sometimes be overlooked or misunderstood. This review seeks to cover the three fundamental considerations when designing fluorescence microscopy experiments: (1) hardware availability; (2) amenability of biological models to fluorescence microscopy; and (3) suitability of imaging agents for intended applications. This review will help equip the reader to make judicious decisions when designing fluorescence microscopy experiments that deliver high-resolution and informative images for cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane M. Hickey
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia; (C.B.); (R.B.); (J.L.); (I.R.D.J.); (A.S.); (J.L.); (C.M.); (C.R.M.); (L.K.); (M.J.S.); (D.A.B.)
| | - Ben Ung
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia; (C.B.); (R.B.); (J.L.); (I.R.D.J.); (A.S.); (J.L.); (C.M.); (C.R.M.); (L.K.); (M.J.S.); (D.A.B.)
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11
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Lazniewska J, Agostino M, Hickey SM, Parkinson-Lawrence E, Stagni S, Massi M, Brooks DA, Plush SE. Spectroscopic and Molecular Docking Study of the Interaction between Neutral Re(I) Tetrazolate Complexes and Bovine Serum Albumin. Chemistry 2021; 27:11406-11417. [PMID: 33960039 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Re(I) complexes have potential in biomedical sciences as imaging agents, diagnostics and therapeutics. Thus, it is crucial to understand how Re(I) complexes interact with carrier proteins, like serum albumins. Here, two neutral Re(I) complexes were used (fac-[Re(CO)3 (1,10-phenanthroline)L], in which L is either 4-cyanophenyltetrazolate (1) or 4-methoxycarbonylphenyltetrazole ester (2), to study the interactions with bovine serum albumin (BSA). Spectroscopic measurements, calculations of thermodynamic and Förster resonance energy transfer parameters, as well as molecular modelling, were performed to study differential binding between BSA and complex 1 and 2. Induced-fit docking combined with quantum-polarised ligand docking were employed in what is believed to be a first for a Re(I) complex as a ligand for BSA. Our findings provide a basis for other molecular interaction studies and suggest that subtle functional group alterations at the terminal region of the Re(I) complex have a significant impact on the ability of this class of compounds to interact with BSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Lazniewska
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Mark Agostino
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute Curtin Institute for Computation and Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Kent Street, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Shane M Hickey
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Emma Parkinson-Lawrence
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Stefano Stagni
- Department of Industrial Chemistry ''Toso Montanari'', University of Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Massi
- Department of Chemistry, Curtin University, Kent Street, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Douglas A Brooks
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Sally E Plush
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
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12
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Hickey SM, Nitschke SO, Sweetman MJ, Sumby CJ, Brooks DA, Plush SE, Ashton TD. Cross-Coupling of Amide and Amide Derivatives to Umbelliferone Nonaflates: Synthesis of Coumarin Derivatives and Fluorescent Materials. J Org Chem 2020; 85:7986-7999. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shane M. Hickey
- Clinical Health Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Samuel O. Nitschke
- Clinical Health Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Martin J. Sweetman
- Clinical Health Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Christopher J. Sumby
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Douglas A. Brooks
- Clinical Health Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Sally E. Plush
- Clinical Health Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Trent D. Ashton
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
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13
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Darby JRT, Sorvina A, Bader CA, Lock MC, Soo JY, Holman SL, Seed M, Kuchel T, Brooks DA, Plush SE, Morrison JL. Detecting metabolic differences in fetal and adult sheep adipose and skeletal muscle tissues. J Biophotonics 2020; 13:e201960085. [PMID: 31793184 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201960085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The primary metabolic pathway required to produce ATP differs as a result of tissue type, developmental stage and substrate availability. We utilized molecular and histological techniques to define the metabolic status in foetal and adult, adipose and skeletal muscle tissues. Redox ratios of these tissues were also determined optically by two-photon microscopy. Adult perirenal adipose tissue had a higher optical redox ratio than fetal perirenal adipose tissue, which aligned with glycolysis being used for ATP production; whereas adult skeletal muscle had a lower optical redox ratio than fetal skeletal muscle, which aligned with oxygen demanding oxidative phosphorylation activity being utilized for ATP production. We have compared traditional molecular and microscopy techniques of metabolic tissue characterization with optical redox ratios to provide a more comprehensive report on the dynamics of tissue metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack R T Darby
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Alexandra Sorvina
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Christie A Bader
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Mitchell C Lock
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jia Yin Soo
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Stacey L Holman
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Mike Seed
- The Hospital for Sick Kids, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tim Kuchel
- Preclinical Imaging and Research Laboratories, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Douglas A Brooks
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sally E Plush
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Janna L Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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14
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Sorvina A, Shandala T, Wang S, Sharkey DJ, Parkinson-Lawrence E, Selemidis S, Brooks DA. CDKI-73 is a Novel Pharmacological Inhibitor of Rab11 Cargo Delivery and Innate Immune Secretion. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020372. [PMID: 32033486 PMCID: PMC7072129 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity is critical for host defence against pathogen and environmental challenge and this involves the production and secretion of immune mediators, such as antimicrobial peptides and pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, when dysregulated, innate immunity can contribute to multifactorial diseases, including inflammatory rheumatic disorders, type 2 diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases and even septic shock. During an innate immune response, antimicrobial peptides and cytokines are trafficked via Rab11 multivesicular endosomes, and then sorted into Rab11 vesicles for traffic to the plasma membrane and secretion. In this study, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor CDKI-73 was used to determine its effect on the innate immune response, based on previously identified targets for this compound. Our results showed that CDKI-73 inhibited the delivery of Rab11 vesicles to the plasma membrane, resulting in the accumulation of large multivesicular Rab11 endosomes near the cell periphery. In addition to the effect on endosome delivery, CDKI-73 down-regulated the amount of innate immune cargo, including the antimicrobial peptide Drosomycin and pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα). We concluded that CDKI-73 has the potential to regulate the delivery and secretion of certain innate immune cargo, which could be used to control inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Sorvina
- Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia (E.P.-L.)
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (D.A.B.)
| | - Tetyana Shandala
- Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia (E.P.-L.)
| | - Shudong Wang
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
| | - David J. Sharkey
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
| | - Emma Parkinson-Lawrence
- Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia (E.P.-L.)
| | - Stavros Selemidis
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia;
| | - Douglas A. Brooks
- Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia (E.P.-L.)
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (D.A.B.)
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15
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Mutuku SM, Trim PJ, Prabhala BK, Irani S, Bremert KL, Logan JM, Brooks DA, Stahl J, Centenera MM, Snel MF, Butler LM. Evaluation of Small Molecule Drug Uptake in Patient-Derived Prostate Cancer Explants by Mass Spectrometry. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15008. [PMID: 31628408 PMCID: PMC6802206 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51549-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Patient-derived explant (PDE) culture of solid tumors is increasingly being applied to preclinical evaluation of novel therapeutics and for biomarker discovery. In this technique, treatments are added to culture medium and penetrate the tissue via a gelatin sponge scaffold. However, the penetration profile and final concentrations of small molecule drugs achieved have not been determined to date. Here, we determined the extent of absorption of the clinical androgen receptor antagonist, enzalutamide, into prostate PDEs, using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and matrix-assisted laser/desorption ionisation (MALDI) mass spectrometry imaging (MSI). In a cohort of 11 PDE tissues from eight individual patients, LC-MS/MS quantification of PDE homogenates confirmed enzalutamide (10 µM) uptake by all PDEs, which reached maximal average tissue concentration of 0.24-0.50 ng/µg protein after 48 h culture. Time dependent uptake of enzalutamide (50 µM) in PDEs was visualized using MALDI MSI over 24-48 h, with complete penetration throughout tissues evident by 6 h of culture. Drug signal intensity was not homogeneous throughout the tissues but had areas of markedly high signal that corresponded to drug target (androgen receptor)-rich epithelial regions of tissue. In conclusion, application of MS-based drug quantification and visualization in PDEs, and potentially other 3-dimensional model systems, can provide a more robust basis for experimental study design and interpretation of pharmacodynamic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadrack M Mutuku
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.,Prostate Cancer Research Group, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Paul J Trim
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Bala K Prabhala
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.,Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, København, Denmark
| | - Swati Irani
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.,Prostate Cancer Research Group, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.,Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Kayla L Bremert
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.,Prostate Cancer Research Group, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.,Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Jessica M Logan
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Douglas A Brooks
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Jürgen Stahl
- Clinpath Laboratories, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Margaret M Centenera
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.,Prostate Cancer Research Group, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.,Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Marten F Snel
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Lisa M Butler
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia. .,Prostate Cancer Research Group, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia. .,Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.
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16
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Yazbeck R, Jaenisch S, Squire M, Abbott CA, Parkinson-Lawrence E, Brooks DA, Butler RN. Development of a 13C Stable Isotope Assay for Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Enzyme Activity A New Breath Test for Dipeptidyl Peptidase Activity. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4906. [PMID: 30894647 PMCID: PMC6427020 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41375-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4i) are a class of orally available, small molecule inhibitors for the management of Type-II diabetes. A rapid, real-time, functional breath test for DPP4 enzyme activity could help to define DPP4i efficacy in patients that are refractory to treatment. We aimed to develop a selective, non-invasive, stable-isotope 13C-breath test for DPP4. In vitro experiments were performed using high (Caco-2) and low (HeLa) DPP4 expressing cells. DPP gene expression was determined in cell lines by qRT-PCR. A DPP4 selective 13C-tripeptide was added to cells in the presence and absence of the DPP4 inhibitor Sitagliptin. Gas samples were collected from the cell headspace and 13CO2 content quantified by isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). DPP4 was highly expressed in Caco-2 cells compared to HeLa cells and using the 13C-tripeptide, we detected a high 13CO2 signal from Caco2 cells. Addition of Sitaglitpin to Caco2 cells significantly inhibited this 13CO2 signal. 13C-assay DPP4 activity correlated positively with the enzyme activity detected using a colorimetric substrate. We have developed a selective, non-invasive, 13C-assay for DPP4 that could have broad translational applications in diabetes and gastrointestinal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Yazbeck
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. .,Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Simone Jaenisch
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Michelle Squire
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Catherine A Abbott
- Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Emma Parkinson-Lawrence
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Douglas A Brooks
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ross N Butler
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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17
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Sorvina A, Bader CA, Caporale C, Carter EA, Johnson IRD, Parkinson-Lawrence EJ, Simpson PV, Wright PJ, Stagni S, Lay PA, Massi M, Brooks DA, Plush SE. Lipid profiles of prostate cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 9:35541-35552. [PMID: 30473749 PMCID: PMC6238979 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipids are important cellular components which can be significantly altered in a range of disease states including prostate cancer. Here, a unique systematic approach has been used to define lipid profiles of prostate cancer cell lines, using quantitative mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS), FTIR spectroscopy and fluorescent microscopy. All three approaches identified significant difference in the lipid profiles of the three prostate cancer cell lines (DU145, LNCaP and 22RV1) and one non-malignant cell line (PNT1a). Specific lipid classes and species, such as phospholipids (e.g., phosphatidylethanolamine 18:1/16:0 and 18:1/18:1) and cholesteryl esters, detected by LC-ESI-MS/MS, allowed statistical separation of all four prostate cell lines. Lipid mapping by FTIR revealed that variations in these lipid classes could also be detected at a single cell level, however further investigation into this approach would be needed to generate large enough data sets for quantitation. Visualisation by fluorescence microscopy showed striking variations that could be observed in lipid staining patterns between cell lines allowing visual separation of cell lines. In particular, polar lipid staining by a fluorescent marker was observed to increase significantly in prostate cancer lines cells, when compared to PNT1a cells, which was consistent with lipid quantitation by LC-ESI-MS/MS and FTIR spectroscopy. Thus, multiple technologies can be employed to either quantify or visualise changes in lipid composition, and moreover specific lipid profiles could be used to detect and phenotype prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Sorvina
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Christie A Bader
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Chiara Caporale
- School of Molecular and Life Science - Curtin Institute for Functional Molecules and Interfaces, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A Carter
- Sydney Analytical and School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ian R D Johnson
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Emma J Parkinson-Lawrence
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Peter V Simpson
- School of Molecular and Life Science - Curtin Institute for Functional Molecules and Interfaces, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
| | - Phillip J Wright
- School of Molecular and Life Science - Curtin Institute for Functional Molecules and Interfaces, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
| | - Stefano Stagni
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Peter A Lay
- Sydney Analytical and School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Massimiliano Massi
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.,School of Molecular and Life Science - Curtin Institute for Functional Molecules and Interfaces, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
| | - Douglas A Brooks
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.,School of Molecular and Life Science - Curtin Institute for Functional Molecules and Interfaces, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
| | - Sally E Plush
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.,School of Molecular and Life Science - Curtin Institute for Functional Molecules and Interfaces, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia.,Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Australia
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18
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Hickey SM, Ashton TD, Boer G, Bader CA, Thomas M, Elliott AG, Schmuck C, Yu HY, Li J, Nation RL, Cooper MA, Plush SE, Brooks DA, Pfeffer FM. Norbornane-based cationic antimicrobial peptidomimetics targeting the bacterial membrane. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 160:9-22. [PMID: 30316060 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.09.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The design, synthesis and evaluation of a small series of potent amphiphilic norbornane antibacterial agents has been performed (compound 10 MIC = 0.25 μg/mL against MRSA). Molecular modelling indicates rapid aggregation of this class of antibacterial agent prior to membrane association and insertion. Two fluorescent analogues (compound 29 with 4-amino-naphthalimide and 34 with 4-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole fluorophores) with good activity (MIC = 0.5 μg/mL against MRSA) were also constructed and confocal microscopy studies indicate that the primary site of interaction for this family of compounds is the bacterial membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane M Hickey
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
| | - Trent D Ashton
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia
| | - Gareth Boer
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, 3216, Australia
| | - Christie A Bader
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Michael Thomas
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Alysha G Elliott
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Carsten Schmuck
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117, Essen, Germany
| | - Heidi Y Yu
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Jian Li
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Roger L Nation
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Matthew A Cooper
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Sally E Plush
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Douglas A Brooks
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Frederick M Pfeffer
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, 3216, Australia.
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19
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Sorvina A, Bader CA, Darby JRT, Lock MC, Soo JY, Johnson IRD, Caporale C, Voelcker NH, Stagni S, Massi M, Morrison JL, Plush SE, Brooks DA. Mitochondrial imaging in live or fixed tissues using a luminescent iridium complex. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8191. [PMID: 29844412 PMCID: PMC5974328 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24672-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial morphology is important for the function of this critical organelle and, accordingly, altered mitochondrial structure is exhibited in many pathologies. Imaging of mitochondria can therefore provide important information about disease presence and progression. However, mitochondrial imaging is currently limited by the availability of agents that have the capacity to image mitochondrial morphology in both live and fixed samples. This can be particularly problematic in clinical studies or large, multi-centre cohort studies, where tissue archiving by fixation is often more practical. We previously reported the synthesis of an iridium coordination complex [Ir(ppy)2(MeTzPyPhCN)]+; where ppy is a cyclometalated 2-phenylpyridine and TzPyPhCN is the 5-(5-(4-cyanophen-1-yl)pyrid-2-yl)tetrazolate ligand; and showed that this complex (herein referred to as IraZolve-Mito) has a high specificity for mitochondria in live cells. Here we demonstrate that IraZolve-Mito can also effectively stain mitochondria in both live and fixed tissue samples. The staining protocol proposed is versatile, providing a universal procedure for cell biologists and pathologists to visualise mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Sorvina
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia
| | - Christie A Bader
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia
| | - Jack R T Darby
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia
| | - Mitchell C Lock
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia
| | - Jia Yin Soo
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia
| | - Ian R D Johnson
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia
| | - Chiara Caporale
- Department of Chemistry and Curtin Institute for Functional Molecules and Interfaces, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, 6102, Australia
| | - Nicolas H Voelcker
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5095, Australia
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Stefano Stagni
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Bologna, I-40136, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Massi
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia
- Department of Chemistry and Curtin Institute for Functional Molecules and Interfaces, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, 6102, Australia
| | - Janna L Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia
| | - Sally E Plush
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia.
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5095, Australia.
| | - Douglas A Brooks
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia.
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20
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Morrison JL, Sorvina A, Darby JRT, Bader CA, Lock MC, Seed M, Kuchel T, Plush SE, Brooks DA. Label-free imaging of redox status and collagen deposition showing metabolic differences in the heart. J Biophotonics 2018; 11:e201700242. [PMID: 29057578 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201700242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The heart has high metabolic demand to maintain function. The primary source of energy supply to support correct contractile muscle function differs between a fetus and an adult. In fetal life, ATP is primarily generated by glycolysis and lactate oxidation, whereas following birth, there is a shift towards a reliance on mitochondrial metabolism and fatty acid oxidation. This change in metabolic status is an adaptation to different fuel availability, oxygenation and growth patterns. In this study, we have employed 2-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy to define the relationship between two critical metabolic cofactors nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(P)H and flavin adenine dinucleotide, effectively utilizing a redox ratio to differentiate between the metabolic status in fetal (proliferative) and adult (quiescent/hypertrophic) hearts. Two-photon imaging was also used to visually confirm the known increase in collagen deposition in the adult heart. The changes observed were consistent with a hypertrophic growth profile and greater availability of fatty acids in the adult heart, compared to the proliferative fetal heart. Two-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy is therefore a convenient imaging technology that enables the monitoring of striated muscle architecture and the metabolic status of heart tissue. This imaging technology can potentially be employed to visualize cardiac and other muscle pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna L Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Alexandra Sorvina
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jack R T Darby
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Christie A Bader
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Mitchell C Lock
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Mike Seed
- The Hospital for Sick Kids, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tim Kuchel
- Preclinical Imaging and Research Laboratories, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sally E Plush
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Douglas A Brooks
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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21
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Sorvina A, Bader CA, Lock MC, Brooks DA, Morrison JL, Plush SE. Label-free imaging of healthy and infarcted fetal sheep hearts by two-photon microscopy. J Biophotonics 2018; 11:e201600296. [PMID: 28464439 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201600296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Coronary heart disease is one of the largest causes of death worldwide, making this a significant health care issue. A critical problem for the adult human heart is that it does not undergo effective repair in response to damage, leaving patients with a poor prognosis. Unlike the adult, fetal hearts have the ability to repair after myocardial damage. Using two-photon microscopy, we have visualised the morphological and metabolic changes following myocardial infarction in sheep fetuses, to characterise response to cardiac injury in a mammalian model. Following myocardial infarction, fetal hearts showed no significant increase in collagen deposition in the region of the infarction, when compared to either the surrounding tissue or shams. In contrast, metabolic activity (i. e. NAD(P)H and FAD) was significantly reduced in the region of myocardial infarction, when compared to either the surrounding tissue or sham hearts. For comparison, we also imaged two hearts from preadolescent sheep (sham and myocardial infarction) and showed highly ordered collagen deposition with decreased metabolic activity within the infarcted area. Therefore, two-photon imaging had the capacity to image both morphological and metabolic changes in response to myocardial infarction and showed differences in the response with age. Picture: Two-photon imaging of myocardial infarction (b and d) enabled the visualisation of increased collagen (blue; Em=431 nm) and changes in other tissue autofluorescence (green; Em=489-606 nm) in fetal (a and b) and preadolescent (c and d) hearts, compared to shams (a and c). The excitation wavelength was 840 nm. Scale bars: 10 μm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Sorvina
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Christie A Bader
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Mitchell C Lock
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Douglas A Brooks
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Janna L Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Sally E Plush
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
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22
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Caporale C, Bader CA, Sorvina A, MaGee KDM, Skelton BW, Gillam TA, Wright PJ, Raiteri P, Stagni S, Morrison JL, Plush SE, Brooks DA, Massi M. Cover Feature: Investigating Intracellular Localisation and Cytotoxicity Trends for Neutral and Cationic Iridium Tetrazolato Complexes in Live Cells (Chem. Eur. J. 62/2017). Chemistry 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Caporale
- Curtin Institute of Functional Molecules and Interfaces and Department of Chemistry; Curtin University; Kent Street Bentley 6102 WA Australia
| | - Christie A. Bader
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research; University of South Australia; Adelaide Australia
| | - Alexandra Sorvina
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research; University of South Australia; Adelaide Australia
| | - Karen D. M. MaGee
- Curtin Institute of Functional Molecules and Interfaces and Department of Chemistry; Curtin University; Kent Street Bentley 6102 WA Australia
| | - Brian W. Skelton
- School of Molecular Sciences; University of Western Australia; 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley Perth, WA 6009 Australia
| | - Todd A. Gillam
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research; University of South Australia; Adelaide Australia
| | - Phillip J. Wright
- Curtin Institute of Functional Molecules and Interfaces and Department of Chemistry; Curtin University; Kent Street Bentley 6102 WA Australia
| | - Paolo Raiteri
- Curtin Institute for Computation and Department of Chemistry; Curtin University; Kent Street Bentley 6102 WA Australia
| | - Stefano Stagni
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”-; University of Bologna; viale del Risorgimento 4 Bologna 40136 Italy
| | - Janna L. Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research; University of South Australia; Adelaide, South Australia 5000 Australia
| | - Sally E. Plush
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research; University of South Australia; Adelaide Australia
- Future Industries Institute; University of South Australia; Mawson Lakes, SA 5095 Australia
| | - Douglas A. Brooks
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research; University of South Australia; Adelaide Australia
| | - Massimiliano Massi
- Curtin Institute of Functional Molecules and Interfaces and Department of Chemistry; Curtin University; Kent Street Bentley 6102 WA Australia
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23
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Caporale C, Bader CA, Sorvina A, MaGee KDM, Skelton BW, Gillam TA, Wright PJ, Raiteri P, Stagni S, Morrison JL, Plush SE, Brooks DA, Massi M. Investigating Intracellular Localisation and Cytotoxicity Trends for Neutral and Cationic Iridium Tetrazolato Complexes in Live Cells. Chemistry 2017; 23:15666-15679. [PMID: 28782852 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A family of five neutral cyclometalated iridium(III) tetrazolato complexes and their methylated cationic analogues have been synthesised and characterised. The complexes are distinguished by variations of the substituents or degree of π conjugation on either the phenylpyridine or tetrazolato ligands. The photophysical properties of these species have been evaluated in organic and aqueous media, revealing predominantly a solvatochromic emission originating from mixed metal-to-ligand and ligand-to-ligand charge transfer excited states of triplet multiplicity. These emissions are characterised by typically long excited-state lifetimes (∼hundreds of ns), and quantum yields around 5-10 % in aqueous media. Methylation of the complexes caused a systematic red-shift of the emission profiles. The behaviour and the effects of the different complexes were then examined in cells. The neutral species localised mostly in the endoplasmic reticulum and lipid droplets, whereas the majority of the cationic complexes localised in the mitochondria. The amount of complexes found within cells does not depend on lipophilicity, which potentially suggests diverse uptake mechanisms. Methylated analogues were found to be more cytotoxic compared to the neutral species, a behaviour that might to be linked to a combination of uptake and intracellular localisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Caporale
- Curtin Institute of Functional Molecules and Interfaces and Department of Chemistry, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, 6102 WA, Australia
| | - Christie A Bader
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Alexandra Sorvina
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Karen D M MaGee
- Curtin Institute of Functional Molecules and Interfaces and Department of Chemistry, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, 6102 WA, Australia
| | - Brian W Skelton
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Todd A Gillam
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Phillip J Wright
- Curtin Institute of Functional Molecules and Interfaces and Department of Chemistry, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, 6102 WA, Australia
| | - Paolo Raiteri
- Curtin Institute for Computation and Department of Chemistry, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, 6102 WA, Australia
| | - Stefano Stagni
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari"-, University of Bologna, viale del Risorgimento 4, Bologna, 40136, Italy
| | - Janna L Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Sally E Plush
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.,Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, 5095, Australia
| | - Douglas A Brooks
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Massimiliano Massi
- Curtin Institute of Functional Molecules and Interfaces and Department of Chemistry, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, 6102 WA, Australia
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Bader CA, Carter EA, Safitri A, Simpson PV, Wright P, Stagni S, Massi M, Lay PA, Brooks DA, Plush SE. Unprecedented staining of polar lipids by a luminescent rhenium complex revealed by FTIR microspectroscopy in adipocytes. Mol Biosyst 2017; 12:2064-8. [PMID: 27170554 DOI: 10.1039/c6mb00242k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy and confocal imaging have been used to demonstrate that the neutral rhenium(i) tricarbonyl 1,10-phenanthroline complex bound to 4-cyanophenyltetrazolate as the ancillary ligand is able to localise in regions with high concentrations of polar lipids such as phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), sphingomyelin, sphingosphine and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in mammalian adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Bader
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences/Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - E A Carter
- Vibrational Spectroscopy Core Facility and School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - A Safitri
- Vibrational Spectroscopy Core Facility and School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - P V Simpson
- School of Chemistry, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - P Wright
- School of Chemistry, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - S Stagni
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - M Massi
- School of Chemistry, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - P A Lay
- Vibrational Spectroscopy Core Facility and School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - D A Brooks
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences/Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - S E Plush
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences/Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
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Jenie SA, Hickey SM, Du Z, Sebben D, Brooks DA, Voelcker NH, Plush SE. A europium-based ‘off-on’ colourimetric detector of singlet oxygen. Inorganica Chim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2017.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Ng YS, Sorvina A, Bader CA, Weiland F, Lopez AF, Hoffmann P, Shandala T, Brooks DA. Proteome Analysis of Drosophila Mutants Identifies a Regulatory Role for 14-3-3ε in Metabolic Pathways. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:1976-1987. [PMID: 28365999 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b01032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The evolutionary conserved family of 14-3-3 proteins appears to have a role in integrating numerous intracellular pathways, including signal transduction, intracellular trafficking, and metabolism. However, little is known about how this interactive network might be affected by the direct abrogation of 14-3-3 function. The loss of Drosophila 14-3-3ε resulted in reduced survival of mutants during larval-to-adult transition, which is known to depend on an energy supply coming from the histolysis of fat body tissue. Here we report a differential proteomic analysis of larval fat body tissue at the onset of larval-to-adult transition, with the loss of 14-3-3ε resulting in the altered abundance of 16 proteins. These included proteins linked to protein biosynthesis, glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and lipid metabolic pathways. The ecdysone receptor (EcR), which is responsible for initiating the larval-to-adult transition, colocalized with 14-3-3ε in wild-type fat body tissues. The altered protein abundance in 14-3-3ε mutant fat body tissue was associated with transcriptional deregulation of alcohol dehydrogenase, fat body protein 1, and lamin genes, which are known targets of the EcR. This study indicates that 14-3-3ε has a critical role in cellular metabolism involving either molecular crosstalk with the EcR or direct interaction with metabolic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeap S Ng
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia , Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Alexandra Sorvina
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia , Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Christie A Bader
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia , Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Florian Weiland
- Adelaide Proteomics Center, School of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Adelaide , Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Angel F Lopez
- Centre for Cancer Biology , Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Peter Hoffmann
- Adelaide Proteomics Center, School of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Adelaide , Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | | | - Douglas A Brooks
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia , Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
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Bader CA, Sorvina A, Simpson PV, Wright PJ, Stagni S, Plush SE, Massi M, Brooks DA. Imaging nuclear, endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane events in real time. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:3051-60. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christie A. Bader
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences Sansom Institute for Health Research University of South Australia Adelaide Australia
| | - Alexandra Sorvina
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences Sansom Institute for Health Research University of South Australia Adelaide Australia
| | - Peter V. Simpson
- Department of Chemistry and Nanochemistry Research Institute Curtin University Bently Australia
| | - Phillip J. Wright
- Department of Chemistry and Nanochemistry Research Institute Curtin University Bently Australia
| | - Stefano Stagni
- Department of Industrial Chemistry ‘Toso Montanari’ University of Bologna Italy
| | - Sally E. Plush
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences Sansom Institute for Health Research University of South Australia Adelaide Australia
| | - Massimiliano Massi
- Department of Chemistry and Nanochemistry Research Institute Curtin University Bently Australia
| | - Douglas A. Brooks
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences Sansom Institute for Health Research University of South Australia Adelaide Australia
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Bader CA, Shandala T, Carter EA, Ivask A, Guinan T, Hickey SM, Werrett MV, Wright PJ, Simpson PV, Stagni S, Voelcker NH, Lay PA, Massi M, Plush SE, Brooks DA. A Molecular Probe for the Detection of Polar Lipids in Live Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161557. [PMID: 27551717 PMCID: PMC4994960 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipids have an important role in many aspects of cell biology, including membrane architecture/compartment formation, intracellular traffic, signalling, hormone regulation, inflammation, energy storage and metabolism. Lipid biology is therefore integrally involved in major human diseases, including metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, obesity, heart disease, immune disorders and cancers, which commonly display altered lipid transport and metabolism. However, the investigation of these important cellular processes has been limited by the availability of specific tools to visualise lipids in live cells. Here we describe the potential for ReZolve-L1™ to localise to intracellular compartments containing polar lipids, such as for example sphingomyelin and phosphatidylethanolamine. In live Drosophila fat body tissue from third instar larvae, ReZolve-L1™ interacted mainly with lipid droplets, including the core region of these organelles. The presence of polar lipids in the core of these lipid droplets was confirmed by Raman mapping and while this was consistent with the distribution of ReZolve-L1™ it did not exclude that the molecular probe might be detecting other lipid species. In response to complete starvation conditions, ReZolve-L1™ was detected mainly in Atg8-GFP autophagic compartments, and showed reduced staining in the lipid droplets of fat body cells. The induction of autophagy by Tor inhibition also increased ReZolve-L1™ detection in autophagic compartments, whereas Atg9 knock down impaired autophagosome formation and altered the distribution of ReZolve-L1™. Finally, during Drosophila metamorphosis fat body tissues showed increased ReZolve-L1™ staining in autophagic compartments at two hours post puparium formation, when compared to earlier developmental time points. We concluded that ReZolve-L1™ is a new live cell imaging tool, which can be used as an imaging reagent for the detection of polar lipids in different intracellular compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christie A. Bader
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Tetyana Shandala
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A. Carter
- Vibrational Spectroscopy Core Facility, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Angela Ivask
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia, Australia
| | - Taryn Guinan
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia, Australia
| | - Shane M. Hickey
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Melissa V. Werrett
- Department of Chemistry and Nanochemistry Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Phillip J. Wright
- Department of Chemistry and Nanochemistry Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Peter V. Simpson
- Department of Chemistry and Nanochemistry Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Stefano Stagni
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicolas H. Voelcker
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia, Australia
| | - Peter A. Lay
- Vibrational Spectroscopy Core Facility, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Massimiliano Massi
- Department of Chemistry and Nanochemistry Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sally E. Plush
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Douglas A. Brooks
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
The secretion of immune-mediators is a critical step in the host innate immune response to pathogen invasion, and Rab GTPases have an important role in the regulation of this process. Rab4/Rab11 recycling endosomes are involved in the sorting of immune-mediators into specialist Rab11 vesicles that can traffic this cargo to the plasma membrane; however, how this sequential delivery process is regulated has yet to be fully defined. Here, we report that Drosophila Pkaap, an orthologue of the human dual-specific A-kinase-anchoring protein 2 or D-AKAP2 (also called AKAP10), appeared to have a nucleotide-dependent localisation to Rab4 and Rab11 endosomes. RNAi silencing of pkaap altered Rab4/Rab11 recycling endosome morphology, suggesting that Pkaap functions in cargo sorting and delivery in the secretory pathway. The depletion of pkaap also had a direct effect on Rab11 vesicle exocytosis and the secretion of the antimicrobial peptide Drosomycin at the plasma membrane. We propose that Pkaap has a dual role in antimicrobial peptide traffic and exocytosis, making it an essential component for the secretion of inflammatory mediators and the defence of the host against pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Sorvina
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Tetyana Shandala
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Douglas A Brooks
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
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30
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Abstract
Autophagy is an intracellular recycling and degradation process, which is important for energy metabolism, lipid metabolism, physiological stress response and organism development. During Drosophila development, autophagy is up-regulated in fat body and midgut cells, to control metabolic function and to enable tissue remodelling. Atg9 is the only transmembrane protein involved in the core autophagy machinery and is thought to have a role in autophagosome formation. During Drosophila development, Atg9 co-located with Atg8 autophagosomes, Rab11 endosomes and Lamp1 endosomes-lysosomes. RNAi silencing of Atg9 reduced both the number and the size of autophagosomes during development and caused morphological changes to amphisomes/autolysosomes. In control cells there was compartmentalised acidification corresponding to intraluminal Rab11/Lamp-1 vesicles, but in Atg9 depleted cells there were no intraluminal vesicles and the acidification was not compartmentalised. We concluded that Atg9 is required to form intraluminal vesicles and for localised acidification within amphisomes/autolysosomes, and consequently when depleted, reduced the capacity to degrade and remodel gut tissue during development. Summary: The disappearance of intraluminal vesicles in amphisomes/autolysosomes upon Atg9 depletion suggests that Atg9 has a specific role in intraluminal vesicle formation in autophagic compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Bader
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Diseases Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - T Shandala
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Diseases Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Y S Ng
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Diseases Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - I R D Johnson
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Diseases Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - D A Brooks
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Diseases Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
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Sorvina A, Brooks DA, Ng YS, Bader CA, Weigert R, Shandala T. Bacterial challenge initiates endosome-lysosome response inDrosophilaimmune tissues. IntraVital 2014. [DOI: 10.4161/intv.23889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Bader CA, Brooks RD, Ng YS, Sorvina A, Werrett MV, Wright PJ, Anwer AG, Brooks DA, Stagni S, Muzzioli S, Silberstein M, Skelton BW, Goldys EM, Plush SE, Shandala T, Massi M. Modulation of the organelle specificity in Re(i) tetrazolato complexes leads to labeling of lipid droplets. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra00050a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutral Re(i) tetrazolato complexes exhibit labeling of lipid droplets with high specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christie A. Bader
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science
- University of South Australia
- Adelaide, Australia
| | - Robert D. Brooks
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science
- University of South Australia
- Adelaide, Australia
| | - Yeap S. Ng
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science
- University of South Australia
- Adelaide, Australia
| | - Alexandra Sorvina
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science
- University of South Australia
- Adelaide, Australia
| | | | | | - Ayad G. Anwer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- Macquarie University
- North Ryde, Australia
| | - Douglas A. Brooks
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science
- University of South Australia
- Adelaide, Australia
| | - Stefano Stagni
- Department of Industrial Chemistry
- University of Bologna
- Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Sara Muzzioli
- Department of Industrial Chemistry
- University of Bologna
- Bologna 40126, Italy
| | | | - Brian W. Skelton
- Centre for Microscopy
- Characterisation and Analysis
- University of Western Australia
- Crawley, Australia
| | - Ewa M. Goldys
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- Macquarie University
- North Ryde, Australia
| | - Sally E. Plush
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science
- University of South Australia
- Adelaide, Australia
| | - Tetyana Shandala
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science
- University of South Australia
- Adelaide, Australia
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Shandala T, Lim C, Sorvina A, Brooks DA. A Drosophila model to image phagosome maturation. Cells 2013; 2:188-201. [PMID: 24709696 PMCID: PMC3972680 DOI: 10.3390/cells2020188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Phagocytosis involves the internalization of extracellular material by invagination of the plasma membrane to form intracellular vesicles called phagosomes, which have functions that include pathogen degradation. The degradative properties of phagosomes are thought to be conferred by sequential fusion with endosomes and lysosomes; however, this maturation process has not been studied in vivo. We employed Drosophila hemocytes, which are similar to mammalian professional macrophages, to establish a model of phagosome maturation. Adult Drosophila females, carrying transgenic Rab7-GFP endosome and Lamp1-GFP lysosome markers, were injected with E. coli DH5α and the hemocytes were collected at 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes after infection. In wild-type females, E. coli were detected within enlarged Rab7-GFP positive phagosomes at 15 to 45 minutes after infection; and were also observed in enlarged Lamp1-GFP positive phagolysosomes at 45 minutes. Two-photon imaging of hemocytes in vivo confirmed this vesicle morphology, including enlargement of Rab7-GFP and Lamp1-GFP structures that often appeared to protrude from hemocytes. The interaction of endosomes and lysosomes with E. coli phagosomes observed in Drosophila hemocytes was consistent with that previously described for phagosome maturation in human ex vivo macrophages. We also tested our model as a tool for genetic analysis using 14-3-3ε mutants, and demonstrated altered phagosome maturation with delayed E. coli internalization, trafficking and/or degradation. These findings demonstrate that Drosophila hemocytes provide an appropriate, genetically amenable, model for analyzing phagosome maturation ex vivo and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetyana Shandala
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Diseases Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
| | - Chiaoxin Lim
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Diseases Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
| | - Alexandra Sorvina
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Diseases Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
| | - Douglas A Brooks
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Diseases Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
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Coppola DM, Waggener CT, Radwani SM, Brooks DA. An electroolfactogram study of odor response patterns from the mouse olfactory epithelium with reference to receptor zones and odor sorptiveness. J Neurophysiol 2013; 109:2179-91. [PMID: 23343905 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00769.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Olfactory sensory neuron (OSN) responses to odors, measured at the population level, tend to be spatially heterogeneous in the vertebrates that have been studied. These response patterns vary between odors but are similar across subjects for a given stimulus. However, few species have been studied making functional interpretation of these patterns problematic. One proximate explanation for the spatial heterogeneity of odor responses comes from evidence that olfactory receptor (OR) genes in rodents are expressed in OSN populations that are spatially restricted to a few zones in the olfactory epithelium (OE). A long-standing functional explanation for response anisotropy in the OE posits that it is the signature of a supplementary mechanism for quality coding, based on the sorptive properties of odor molecules. These theories are difficult to assess because most mapping studies have utilized few odors, provided little replication, or involved but a single species (rat). In fact, to our knowledge, a detailed olfactory response "map" has not been reported for mouse, the species used in most studies of gene localization. Here we report the results of a study of mouse OE response patterns using the electroolfactogram (EOG). We focused on the medial aspect of olfactory turbinates that are accessible in the midsagittal section. This limited approach still allowed us to test predictions derived from the zonal distribution of OSN types and the sorption hypothesis. In 3 separate experiments, 290 mice were used to record EOGs from a set of standard locations along each of 4 endoturbinates utilizing 11 different odors resulting in over 4,400 separate recordings. Our results confirmed a marked spatial heterogeneity in odor responses that varied with odor, as seen in other species. However, no discontinuities were found in the odor-specific response patterns across the OE as might have been predicted given the existence of classical receptor zones nor did we find clear support for the hypothesis that OE response patterns, presumably a reflection of OSN distribution, have been shaped through natural selection by the relative sorptive properties of odors. We propose that receptor zones may be an epiphenomenon of a contingent evolutionary process. In this formulation, constraints on developmental programs for distributing OSN classes within the OE may be minimally related to the odor ligands of specific class members. Further, we propose that odor sorptiveness, which appears to be correlated with the inherent response patterns in the OE of larger species, may be of minimal effect in mice owing to scaling issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Coppola
- Dept. of Biology, Randolph Macon College, 304 Caroline St., Ashland, VA 23005, USA.
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Botting KJ, Wang KCW, Padhee M, McMillen IC, Summers-Pearce B, Rattanatray L, Cutri N, Posterino GS, Brooks DA, Morrison JL. Early origins of heart disease: low birth weight and determinants of cardiomyocyte endowment. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2013; 39:814-23. [PMID: 22126336 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2011.05649.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
1. World-wide epidemiological and experimental animal studies demonstrate that adversity in fetal life, resulting in intrauterine growth restriction, programmes the offspring for a greater susceptibility to ischaemic heart disease and heart failure in adult life. 2. After cardiogenesis, cardiomyocyte endowment is determined by a range of hormones and signalling pathways that regulate cardiomyocyte proliferation, apoptosis and the timing of multinucleation/terminal differentiation. 3. The small fetus may have reduced cardiomyocyte endowment owing to the impact of a suboptimal intrauterine environment on the signalling pathways that regulate cardiomyocyte proliferation, apoptosis and the timing of terminal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Botting
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Meikle PJ, Grasby DJ, Dean CJ, Lang DL, Bockmann M, Whittle AM, Fietz MJ, Simonsen H, Fuller M, Brooks DA, Hopwood JJ. Newborn screening for lysosomal storage disorders. Mol Genet Metab 2006; 88:307-14. [PMID: 16600651 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2006.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2006] [Revised: 02/22/2006] [Accepted: 02/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomal storage disorders (LSD) are chronic progressive diseases that have a devastating impact on the patient and family. Most patients are clinically normal at birth but develop symptoms early in childhood. Despite no curative treatment, a number of therapeutic options are available to improve quality of life. To achieve this, there is a pressing need for newborn screening to identify affected individuals early, before the onset of severe irreversible pathology. We have developed a multiplexed immune-quantification assay of 11 different lysosomal proteins for the identification of individuals with an LSD and evaluated this assay in a retrospective study using blood-spots from; newborns subsequently diagnosed with an LSD (n=19, six different LSD), individuals sampled after diagnosis of an LSD (n=92, 11 different LSD), newborn controls (n=433), and adult controls (n=200). All patients with mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I), MPS II, MPS IIIA, MPS VI, metachromatic leukodystrophy, Niemann-Pick disease type A/B, and multiple sulfatase deficiency could be identified by reduced enzyme levels compared to controls. All mucolipidosis type II/III patients were identified by the elevation of several lysosomal enzymes, above the control range. Most Fabry, Pompe, and Gaucher disease patients were identified from either single protein differences or profiles of multiple protein markers. Newborn screening for multiple LSD is achievable using multiplexed immune-quantification of a panel of lysosomal proteins. With further validation, this method could be readily incorporated into existing screening laboratories and will have a substantial impact on patient management and counseling of families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Meikle
- Lysosomal Diseases Research Unit, Department of Genetic Medicine, Children Youth and Women's Health Service, North Adelaide, South Australia 5006, Australia.
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Yogalingam G, Guo XH, Muller VJ, Brooks DA, Clements PR, Kakkis ED, Hopwood JJ. Identification and molecular characterization of α-L-iduronidase mutations present in mucopolysaccharidosis type I patients undergoing enzyme replacement therapy. Hum Mutat 2004; 24:199-207. [PMID: 15300847 DOI: 10.1002/humu.20081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder caused by a deficiency of alpha-L-iduronidase (IDUA). Mutations in the gene are responsible for the enzyme deficiency, which leads to the intralysosomal storage of the partially degraded glycosaminoglycans dermatan sulfate and heparan sulfate. Molecular characterization of MPS I patients has resulted in the identification of over 70 distinct mutations in the IDUA gene. The high degree of molecular heterogeneity reflects the wide clinical variability observed in MPS I patients. Six novel mutations, c.1087C>T (p.R363C), c.1804T>A (p.F602I), c.793G>C, c.712T>A (p.L238Q), c.1727+2T>A, and c.1269C>G (p.S423R), in a total of 14 different mutations, and 13 different polymorphic changes, including the novel c.246C>G (p.H82Q), were identified in a cohort of 10 MPS I patients enrolled in a clinical trial of enzyme-replacement therapy. Five novel amino acid substitutions and c.236C>T (p.A79V) were engineered into the wild-type IDUA cDNA and expressed. A p.G265R read-through mutation, arising from the c.793G>C splice mutation, was also expressed. Each mutation reduced IDUA protein and activity levels to varying degrees with the processing of many of the mutant forms also affected by IDUA. The varied properties of the expressed mutant forms of IDUA reflect the broad range of biochemical and clinical phenotypes of the 10 patients in this study. IDUA kinetic data derived from each patient's cultured fibroblasts, in combination with genotype data, was used to predict disease severity. Finally, residual IDUA protein concentration in cultured fibroblasts showed a weak correlation to the degree of immune response to enzyme-replacement therapy in each patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Yogalingam
- Lysosomal Diseases Research Unit, Department of Chemical Pathology, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, Australia
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Karageorgos L, Harmatz P, Simon J, Pollard A, Clements PR, Brooks DA, Hopwood JJ. Mutational analysis of mucopolysaccharidosis type VI patients undergoing a trial of enzyme replacement therapy. Hum Mutat 2004; 23:229-33. [PMID: 14974081 DOI: 10.1002/humu.10313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type VI (MPS VI), or Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome, is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by a deficiency of N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfatase (ARSB). Seven MPS VI patients were chosen for the initial clinical trial of enzyme replacement therapy. Direct sequencing of genomic DNA from these patients was used to identify ARSB mutations. Each individual exon of the ARSB gene was amplified by PCR and subsequently sequenced. Nine substitutions (c.289C>T [p.Q97X], c.629A>G [p.Y210C], c.707T>C [p.L236P], c.936G>T [p.W312C], c.944G>A [p.R315Q], c.962T>C [p.L321P], c.979C>T [p.R327X], c.1151G>A [p.S384N], and c.1450A>G [p.R484G]), two deletions (c.356_358delTAC [p.Y86del] and c.427delG), and one intronic mutation (c.1336+2T>G) were identified. A total of 7 out of the 12 mutations identified were novel (p.Y86del, p.Q97X, p.W312C, p.R327X, c.427delG, p.R484G, and c.1336+2T>G). Two of these novel mutations (p.Y86del and p.W312C) were expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells and analyzed for residual ARSB activity and mutant ARSB protein. The two common polymorphisms c.1072G>A [p.V358M] and c.1126G>A [p.V376M] were identified among the patients, along with the silent mutation c.1191A>G. Cultured fibroblast ARSB mutant protein and residual activity were determined for each patient, and, together with genotype information, were used to predict the expected clinical severity of each MPS VI patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Karageorgos
- Lysosomal Diseases Research Unit, Department of Genetic Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, Australia
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Abstract
This study evaluates the immunological response following weekly 2h infusions of recombinant human N-acetylgalactosamine 4-sulfatase (rh4S) in Mucopolysaccharidosis VI (MPS VI) cats. The results of three trials (Trial "A": 9 month duration with onset at 3-5 months of age, n = 5; and Trials "B" and "C": 6 month duration starting at birth, n = 9) were compared. No detrimental effects were noted throughout Trials B and C. Temporary hypersensitivity reactions (e.g., vomiting, diarrhoea) occurred in four cats in Trial A and were alleviated by increasing the dose of antihistamine premedication and the duration of infusion. All cats in Trial A developed antibodies to rh4S (range of final titres: 1041-134,931). All cats treated from birth showed negligible titres (range: < 50-598). In vitro inhibition of rh4S activity (up to 47%) was demonstrated with plasma from four cats with elevated titres. Significant reduction of urinary glycosaminoglycan concentration in all cats indicated the ability of rh4S to metabolize stored substrates regardless of the presence of circulating antibodies. Similarly, lysosomal storage in reticuloendothelial cells and fibroblasts of kidney interstistium, dura and skin was reduced in all cats irrespective of their antibody titre although cats with elevated titre had less beneficial effect on cardiovascular tissues (aorta smooth muscle cells, heart valve fibroblasts). Overall improvement in the disease condition (at physical, neurological, and skeletal levels) was most pronounced for cats treated from birth compared with cats treated at a later age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dyane Auclair
- Lysosomal Diseases Research Unit, Department of Chemical Pathology, Women's and Children's Hospital, 72 King William Road, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia.
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Brooks DA, Fabrega S, Hein LK, Parkinson EJ, Durand P, Yogalingam G, Matte U, Giugliani R, Dasvarma A, Eslahpazire J, Henrissat B, Mornon JP, Hopwood JJ, Lehn P. Glycosidase active site mutations in human alpha-L-iduronidase. Glycobiology 2001; 11:741-50. [PMID: 11555618 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/11.9.741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I; McKusick 25280) results from a deficiency in alpha-L-iduronidase activity. Using a bioinformatics approach, we have previously predicted the putative acid/base catalyst and nucleophile residues in the active site of this human lysosomal glycosidase to be Glu182 and Glu299, respectively. To obtain experimental evidence supporting these predictions, wild-type alpha-L-iduronidase and site-directed mutants E182A and E299A were individually expressed in Chinese hamster ovary-K1 cell lines. We have compared the synthesis, processing, and catalytic properties of the two mutant proteins with wild-type human alpha-L-iduronidase. Both E182A and E299A transfected cells produced catalytically inactive human alpha-L-iduronidase protein at levels comparable to the wild-type control. The E182A protein was synthesized, processed, targeted to the lysosome, and secreted in a similar fashion to wild-type alpha-L-iduronidase. The E299A mutant protein was also synthesized and secreted similarly to the wild-type enzyme, but there were alterations in its rate of traffic and proteolytic processing. These data indicate that the enzymatic inactivity of the E182A and E299A mutants is not due to problems of synthesis/folding, but to the removal of key catalytic residues. In addition, we have identified a MPS I patient with an E182K mutant allele. The E182K mutant protein was expressed in CHO-K1 cells and also found to be enzymatically inactive. Together, these results support the predicted role of E182 and E299 in the catalytic mechanism of alpha-L-iduronidase and we propose that the mutation of either of these residues would contribute to a very severe clinical phenotype in a MPS I patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Brooks
- Lysosomal Diseases Research Unit, Department of Chemical Pathology, Women's and Children's Hospital, King William Road, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia
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41
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Brooks DA, Etgen GJ, Rito CJ, Shuker AJ, Dominianni SJ, Warshawsky AM, Ardecky R, Paterniti JR, Tyhonas J, Karanewsky DS, Kauffman RF, Broderick CL, Oldham BA, Montrose-Rafizadeh C, Winneroski LL, Faul MM, McCarthy JR. Design and synthesis of 2-methyl-2-[4-(2-[5-methyl-2-aryloxazol-4-yl]ethoxy)phenoxy]propionic acids: a new class of dual PPARalpha/gamma agonists. J Med Chem 2001; 44:2061-4. [PMID: 11405642 DOI: 10.1021/jm0155188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Propionic acid derivative 8, which was designed and synthesized based on putative pharmacophores of known PPARgamma- and PPARalpha-selective compounds, exhibits potent dual PPARalpha/gamma agonist activity as demonstrated by in vitro binding and dose overlap in the newly introduced EOB mouse model for glucose lowering and lipid/cholesterol homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Brooks
- Lilly Research Laboratories, A Division of Eli Lilly & Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, USA.
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Taylor JA, Darden PM, Brooks DA, Hendricks JW, Baker AE, Bocian AB, Rohder K, Wasserman RC. Impact of the change to inactivated poliovirus vaccine on the immunization status of young children in the United States: a study from pediatric research in office settings and the National Medical Association. Pediatrics 2001; 107:E90. [PMID: 11389288 DOI: 10.1542/peds.107.6.e90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether the change from an all oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) schedule to an inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV)-containing schedule has adversely affected the immunization status of young children in the United States. METHODS Immunization data were abstracted from the medical records of children 8 to 35 months old seen consecutively for any reason in the offices of practicing pediatricians who are members of the Pediatric Research in Office Settings network of the American Academy of Pediatrics or the National Medical Association. Data on up to 120 eligible children were collected in each practice between March 1998 and January 2000. Patients were classified as fully immunized at 8 months old if they had received 3 diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis, 2 Haemophilus influenzae type b, 2 hepatitis B, and 2 poliovirus vaccines. Study children who were >/=12 months of age at the time that data were collected were categorized as being fully immunized at 12 months if they had received the same vaccines before their first birthday. To assess the effect of type of poliovirus vaccines on these outcomes, study patients were classified as being in an IPV or OPV group based on the initial type of vaccine received. Logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for IPV as a predictor of being fully immunized at 8 and 12 months of age, after adjusting for race/ethnicity of the patient, maternal education level, year of birth, and method of payment for vaccines. In addition, the effect of clustering of children within practices was accounted for by the use of generalized estimation equation techniques. RESULTS Data were analyzed on 13 520 children from 177 practices in 42 states; 79.4% of patients were fully immunized at 8 months of age, and 88.7% of those eligible were fully immunized at 12 months of age. A total of 6910 patients (51.1%) were classified as OPV recipients, wheras 5282 (39.1%) received IPV. In addition, 1328 children (9.8%) were documented as having received poliovirus vaccine, but the particular type could not be determined. Compared with OPV recipients and after controlling for the confounding variables and the effect of clustering within practices, children in the IPV group were as likely as were OPV recipients to be fully immunized at 8 months of age (OR: 1.04; 95% CI: 0.88,1.23). At 12 months of age, the OR for IPV as a predictor of being fully immunized was 1.08 (95% CI: 0.90,1.30). When compared with OPV recipients, adjusted ORs for children in the undetermined poliovirus vaccine type group being fully immunized at 8 and 12 months of age were 0.84 (95% CI: 0.68,1.04) and 0.84 (95% CI: 0.67,1.07), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The results of this national study indicate that the implementation of an IPV-containing poliovirus vaccine schedule has not had an adverse effect on the immunization status of young children who were vaccinated in the offices of practicing pediatricians.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Taylor
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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43
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Keeling KM, Brooks DA, Hopwood JJ, Li P, Thompson JN, Bedwell DM. Gentamicin-mediated suppression of Hurler syndrome stop mutations restores a low level of alpha-L-iduronidase activity and reduces lysosomal glycosaminoglycan accumulation. Hum Mol Genet 2001; 10:291-9. [PMID: 11159948 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/10.3.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hurler syndrome is the most severe form of a lysosomal storage disease caused by loss of the enzyme alpha-L-iduronidase (encoded by the IDUA gene), which participates in the degradation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) within the lysosome. In some populations, premature stop mutations represent roughly two-thirds of the mutations that cause Hurler syndrome. In this study we investigated whether the aminoglycoside gentamicin can suppress stop mutations within the IDUA gene. We found that a Hurler syndrome fibroblast cell line heterozygous for the IDUA stop mutations Q70X and W402X showed a significant increase in alpha-L-iduronidase activity when cultured in the presence of gentamicin, resulting in the restoration of 2.8% of normal alpha-L-iduronidase activity. Determination of alpha-L-iduronidase protein levels by an immunoquantification assay indicated that gentamicin treatment produced a similar increase in alpha-L-iduronidase protein in Hurler cells. Both the alpha-L-iduronidase activity and protein level resulting from this treatment have previously been correlated with mild Hurler phenotypes. Although Hurler fibroblasts contain a much higher level of GAGs than normal, we found that gentamicin treatment reduced GAG accumulation in Hurler cells to a normal level. We also found that a reduced GAG level could be sustained for at least 2 days after gentamicin treatment was discontinued. The reduction in the GAG level was also reflected in a marked reduction in lysosomal vacuolation. Taken together, these results suggest that the suppression of premature stop mutations may provide an effective treatment for Hurler syndrome patients with premature stop mutations in the IDUA gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Keeling
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-2170, USA
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Mullock BM, Smith CW, Ihrke G, Bright NA, Lindsay M, Parkinson EJ, Brooks DA, Parton RG, James DE, Luzio JP, Piper RC. Syntaxin 7 is localized to late endosome compartments, associates with Vamp 8, and Is required for late endosome-lysosome fusion. Mol Biol Cell 2000; 11:3137-53. [PMID: 10982406 PMCID: PMC14981 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.11.9.3137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein traffic from the cell surface or the trans-Golgi network reaches the lysosome via a series of endosomal compartments. One of the last steps in the endocytic pathway is the fusion of late endosomes with lysosomes. This process has been reconstituted in vitro and has been shown to require NSF, alpha and gamma SNAP, and a Rab GTPase based on inhibition by Rab GDI. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, fusion events to the lysosome-like vacuole are mediated by the syntaxin protein Vam3p, which is localized to the vacuolar membrane. In an effort to identify the molecular machinery that controls fusion events to the lysosome, we searched for mammalian homologues of Vam3p. One such candidate is syntaxin 7. Here we show that syntaxin 7 is concentrated in late endosomes and lysosomes. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments show that syntaxin 7 is associated with the endosomal v-SNARE Vamp 8, which partially colocalizes with syntaxin 7. Importantly, we show that syntaxin 7 is specifically required for the fusion of late endosomes with lysosomes in vitro, resulting in a hybrid organelle. Together, these data identify a SNARE complex that functions in the late endocytic system of animal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Mullock
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Molecular Mechanisms in Disease, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2XY, United Kingdom
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Turner CT, Hopwood JJ, Brooks DA. Enzyme replacement therapy in mucopolysaccharidosis I: altered distribution and targeting of alpha-L-iduronidase in immunized rats. Mol Genet Metab 2000; 69:277-85. [PMID: 10870845 DOI: 10.1006/mgme.2000.2979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) has been developed and trialed for the treatment of human lysosomal storage disorder patients. The viability of ERT for the treatment of these severe multiple pathology disorders has subsequently been established. However, in both animal model studies and human clinical trials, some individuals have been shown to develop an immune response to the replacement protein. This potential complication for treatment has been investigated by the infusion of recombinant human alpha-L-iduronidase (rh-alpha-L-iduronidase) into nonimmune and immunized rats to simulate mucopolysaccharidosis type I ERT in the presence of different levels of antibody. In rats with high antibody titers to rh-alpha-L-iduronidase (titer 1,024,000) there was evidence of altered organ distribution and subcellular targeting when compared to either lower titer immunized rats (titers less than 64,000) or nonimmune rats (titers 512-1024). In addition, hypersensitivity reactions were observed for high titer rats (titer 1,024,000) during rh-alpha-L-iduronidase infusion, but not for the other two treatment groups. A rat with an antibody titer of 64,000 had only minor changes in subcellular targeting and organ distribution when infused with rh-alpha-L-iduronidase. This implied that a high level of antibody was required to effect changes in alpha-L-iduronidase enzyme targeting and distribution. Notably, in the high titer rats, the antibody produced appeared to increase the tissue and subcellular level of rh-alpha-L-iduronidase specific activity. This suggested that antibody production may not always result in an adverse effect on ERT.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Turner
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Isaac EL, Karageorgos LE, Brooks DA, Hopwood JJ, Meikle PJ. Regulation of the lysosome-associated membrane protein in a sucrose model of lysosomal storage. Exp Cell Res 2000; 254:204-9. [PMID: 10640418 DOI: 10.1006/excr.1999.4755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomal biogenesis is a complex process requiring the coordinated expression and colocalization of numerous soluble and membrane proteins. In storage disorders, lysosomal biogenesis is regulated at least partially at, or prior to, the level of mRNA. We have used the sucrosome storage model to determine the sites of regulation of LAMP-1, a major constituent of the lysosomal membrane. A six- to eightfold increase in the level of LAMP-1 mRNA and protein was observed in response to sucrose storage. The half-life of LAMP-1 mRNA was not significantly different in cells grown in the absence or presence of sucrose, implying that the increase observed in mRNA levels reflects an increase in the rate of transcription. The sixfold increase in mRNA did not translate into an increase in LAMP-1 synthesis, indicating an overall decrease in the translational yield in sucrosome cells. The elevation of LAMP-1 protein levels in storage cells was due in large part to a threefold increase in the half-life of the protein. These results are discussed in view of the current understanding of lysosomal biogenesis and how this process is altered during storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Isaac
- Lysosomal Diseases Research Unit, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, 5006, Australia
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Brooks
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, Australia
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48
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Abstract
The lysosomal storage disorders (LSD) are a group of severe multiple pathology disorders characterized by enzyme deficiencies which cause the lysosomal accumulation of undegraded or partially degraded macromolecules. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) has been developed as a therapy for LSD patients. However, immune responses to ERT have been reported in some individuals from LSD animal model and LSD human patient studies. Antibodies can have adverse effects during ERT, which include hypersensitivity/anaphylactic reactions, enzyme inactivation, altered targeting, and increased enzyme turnover. The monitoring of antibody production during replacement therapy is an important consideration for patient management, as high-titer antibodies can affect the safety and efficacy of the therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Brooks
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, 5006, Australia.
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Turner CT, Hopwood JJ, Bond CS, Brooks DA. Immune response to enzyme replacement therapy: 4-sulfatase epitope reactivity of plasma antibodies from MPS VI cats. Mol Genet Metab 1999; 67:194-205. [PMID: 10381327 DOI: 10.1006/mgme.1999.2859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are a group of multiple pathology disorders which are part of a larger group of genetic diseases known as lysosomal storage disorders. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) has been developed as a therapy for MPS patients. However, immune responses to ERT have been reported in MPS animal models and in human Gaucher patients. Antibodies can have adverse effects during ERT, which include hypersensitivity/anaphylactic reactions, enzyme inactivation, and enzyme degradation. This study aimed to characterize the immune response to ERT in a feline model of MPS VI, by defining the epitope reactivity of cat plasma antibody against human recombinant N-acetylgalactosamine 4-sulfatase (4-sulfatase) replacement protein. For MPS VI cat plasma, antibody reactivity was observed prior to ERT, with distinct regions of 4-sulfatase linear sequence displaying low affinity antibody reactivity. There was an increase in antibody titer to 4-sulfatase for MPS VI cats post-ERT, with the majority of the immune response detected to linear sequence epitopes. One cat displayed a high titer and high affinity epitope reactivity following prolonged exposure (>/=9 months) to the replacement protein. MPS VI cats on shorter term ERT (3 months) showed high titers to 4-sulfatase and similar patterns of epitope reactivity, but lower affinity antibody reactivity, when compared to the latter cat. This study reports the linear amino acid sequence reactivity and nature of the immune response produced to 4-sulfatase before and after ERT. The monitoring of antibody production during replacement therapy is an important consideration for patient management, as high titer antibodies can affect the efficacy of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Turner
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, 5006, Australia
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Bradford TM, Gething MJ, Davey R, Hopwood JJ, Brooks DA. Processing of normal lysosomal and mutant N-acetylgalactosamine 4-sulphatase: BiP (immunoglobulin heavy-chain binding protein) may interact with critical protein contact sites. Biochem J 1999; 341 ( Pt 1):193-201. [PMID: 10377262 PMCID: PMC1220347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
The lysosomal hydrolase N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulphatase (4-sulphatase) is essential for the sequential degradation of the glycosaminoglycans, dermatan and chondroitin sulphate and, when deficient, causes the lysosomal storage disorder mucopolysaccharidosis type VI. The cysteine at codon 91 of human 4-sulphatase was identified previously as a key residue in the active site of the enzyme and was mutated by site-directed mutagenesis to produce a 4-sulphatase in which cysteine-91 was replaced by a threonine residue (C91T). The C91T mutation caused a loss of 4-sulphatase activity, a detectable protein conformational change and a lower level of intracellular 4-sulphatase protein [Brooks, Robertson, Bindloss, Litjens, Anson, Peters, Morris and Hopwood (1995) Biochem. J. 307, 457-463]. In the present study, we report that C91T is synthesized normally in the endoplasmic reticulum as a 66 kDa glycosylated protein, which is very similar in size to wild-type 4-sulphatase. However, C91T neither underwent normal Golgi processing, shown by lack of modification to form mannose 6-phosphate residues on its oligosaccharide side chains, nor did it traffic to the lysosome to undergo normal endosomal-lysosomal proteolytic processing. Instead, C91T remained in an early biosynthetic compartment and was degraded. The molecular chaperone, immunoglobulin binding protein (BiP), was associated with newly-synthesized wild-type and mutant 4-sulphatase proteins for extended periods, but no direct evidence was found for involvement of BiP in the retention or degradation of the C91T protein. This suggested that prolonged association of mutant protein with BiP does not necessarily infer involvement of BiP in the quality control process, as previously implied in the literature. The predicted BiP binding sites on 4-sulphatase map to beta-strands and alpha-helices, which are co-ordinated together in the folded molecule, indicating that BiP interacts with critical protein folding or contact sites on 4-sulphatase.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Bradford
- Lysosomal Diseases Research Unit, Department of Chemical Pathology, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia 5006, Australia
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