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Lam GT, Sorvina A, Martini C, Prabhakaran S, Ung BSY, Lazniewska J, Moore CR, Beck AR, Hopkins AM, Johnson IRD, Caruso MC, Hickey SM, Brooks RD, Jackett L, Karageorgos L, Foster-Smith EJ, Malone V, Klebe S, O'Leary JJ, Brooks DA, Logan JM. Altered endosomal-lysosomal biogenesis in melanoma. Neoplasia 2023; 43:100924. [PMID: 37562257 PMCID: PMC10423698 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2023.100924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is the deadliest form of skin neoplasm and its high mortality rates could be averted by early accurate detection. While the detection of melanoma is currently reliant upon melanin visualisation, research into melanosome biogenesis, as a key driver of pathogenesis, has not yielded technology that can reliably distinguish between atypical benign, amelanotic and melanotic lesions. The endosomal-lysosomal system has important regulatory roles in cancer cell biology, including a specific functional role in melanosome biogenesis. Herein, the involvement of the endosomal-lysosomal system in melanoma was examined by pooled secondary analysis of existing gene expression datasets. A set of differentially expressed endosomal-lysosomal genes was identified in melanoma, which were interconnected by biological function. To illustrate the protein expression of the dysregulated genes, immunohistochemistry was performed on samples from patients with cutaneous melanoma to reveal candidate markers. This study demonstrated the dysregulation of Syntenin-1, Sortilin and Rab25 may provide a differentiating feature between cutaneous melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma, while IGF2R may indicate malignant propensity in these skin cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giang T Lam
- Clinical and Health Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Alexandra Sorvina
- Clinical and Health Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Carmela Martini
- Clinical and Health Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sarita Prabhakaran
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ben S-Y Ung
- Clinical and Health Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Joanna Lazniewska
- Clinical and Health Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Courtney R Moore
- Clinical and Health Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Andrew R Beck
- Clinical and Health Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ashley M Hopkins
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ian R D Johnson
- Clinical and Health Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Maria C Caruso
- Clinical and Health Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Shane M Hickey
- Clinical and Health Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Robert D Brooks
- Clinical and Health Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Louise Jackett
- Anatomical Pathology Department, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Litsa Karageorgos
- Clinical and Health Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | - Victoria Malone
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sonja Klebe
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Department of Surgical Pathology, SA Pathology at Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - John J O'Leary
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Douglas A Brooks
- Clinical and Health Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jessica M Logan
- Clinical and Health Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
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2
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Martini C, Logan JM, Sorvina A, Gordon C, Beck AR, S-Y Ung B, Caruso MC, Moore C, Hocking A, Johnson IRD, Li KL, Karageorgos L, Hopkins AM, Esterman AJ, Huzzell C, Brooks RD, Lazniewska J, Hickey SM, Bader C, Parkinson-Lawrence E, Weigert R, Sorich MJ, Tewari P, Martin C, O'Toole S, Bates M, Ward M, Mohammed B, Keegan H, Watson W, Prendergast S, Heffernan S, NiMhaolcatha S, O'Connor R, Malone V, Carter M, Ryan K, Brady N, Clarke A, Sokol F, Prabhakaran S, Stahl J, Klebe S, Samaratunga H, Delahunt B, Selemidis S, Moretti KL, Butler LM, O'Leary JJ, Brooks DA. Aberrant protein expression of Appl1, Sortilin and Syndecan-1 during the biological progression of prostate cancer. Pathology 2023; 55:40-51. [PMID: 36089417 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Diagnosis and assessment of patients with prostate cancer is dependent on accurate interpretation and grading of histopathology. However, morphology does not necessarily reflect the complex biological changes occurring in prostate cancer disease progression, and current biomarkers have demonstrated limited clinical utility in patient assessment. This study aimed to develop biomarkers that accurately define prostate cancer biology by distinguishing specific pathological features that enable reliable interpretation of pathology for accurate Gleason grading of patients. Online gene expression databases were interrogated and a pathogenic pathway for prostate cancer was identified. The protein expression of key genes in the pathway, including adaptor protein containing a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, phosphotyrosine-binding (PTB) domain, and leucine zipper motif 1 (Appl1), Sortilin and Syndecan-1, was examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in a pilot study of 29 patients with prostate cancer, using monoclonal antibodies designed against unique epitopes. Appl1, Sortilin, and Syndecan-1 expression was first assessed in a tissue microarray cohort of 112 patient samples, demonstrating that the monoclonal antibodies clearly illustrate gland morphologies. To determine the impact of a novel IHC-assisted interpretation (the utility of Appl1, Sortilin, and Syndecan-1 labelling as a panel) of Gleason grading, versus standard haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) Gleason grade assignment, a radical prostatectomy sample cohort comprising 114 patients was assessed. In comparison to H&E, the utility of the biomarker panel reduced subjectivity in interpretation of prostate cancer tissue morphology and improved the reliability of pathology assessment, resulting in Gleason grade redistribution for 41% of patient samples. Importantly, for equivocal IHC-assisted labelling and H&E staining results, the cancer morphology interpretation could be more accurately applied upon re-review of the H&E tissue sections. This study addresses a key issue in the field of prostate cancer pathology by presenting a novel combination of three biomarkers and has the potential to transform clinical pathology practice by standardising the interpretation of the tissue morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Martini
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - Jessica M Logan
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Alexandra Sorvina
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Colin Gordon
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Andrew R Beck
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ben S-Y Ung
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Maria C Caruso
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Courtney Moore
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ashleigh Hocking
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ian R D Johnson
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ka Lok Li
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Litsa Karageorgos
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ashley M Hopkins
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Flinders Drive, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Adrian J Esterman
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Chelsea Huzzell
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Robert D Brooks
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Joanna Lazniewska
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Shane M Hickey
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Christie Bader
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | - Roberto Weigert
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael J Sorich
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Flinders Drive, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Prerna Tewari
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cara Martin
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sharon O'Toole
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark Bates
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark Ward
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Bashir Mohammed
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Helen Keegan
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - William Watson
- University College Dublin, School of Medicine, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sophie Prendergast
- Department of Pathology, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sheena Heffernan
- Department of Pathology, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sarah NiMhaolcatha
- Department of Pathology, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Roisin O'Connor
- Department of Pathology, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Victoria Malone
- Department of Pathology, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marguerite Carter
- Department of Pathology, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Katie Ryan
- Department of Pathology, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nathan Brady
- Department of Pathology, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andres Clarke
- Department of Pathology, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Filip Sokol
- Department of Pathology, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sarita Prabhakaran
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Department of Anatomical Pathology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jürgen Stahl
- Department of Cytopathology and Histopathology, Clinpath Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sonja Klebe
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Department of Surgical Pathology, SA Pathology at Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | - Brett Delahunt
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Wellington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Stavros Selemidis
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, STEM College, RMIT University, Bundoora, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Kim L Moretti
- Discipline of Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Lisa M Butler
- South Australian ImmunoGENomics Cancer Institute and Freemasons Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Solid Tumour Program, Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - John J O'Leary
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Douglas A Brooks
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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3
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Piecyk M, Wax S, Beck AR, Kedersha N, Gupta M, Maritim B, Chen S, Gueydan C, Kruys V, Streuli M, Anderson P. TIA-1 is a translational silencer that selectively regulates the expression of TNF-alpha. EMBO J 2000; 19:4154-63. [PMID: 10921895 PMCID: PMC306595 DOI: 10.1093/emboj/19.15.4154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 408] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
TIA-1 and TIAR are related proteins that bind to an AU-rich element (ARE) in the 3' untranslated region of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) transcripts. To determine the functional significance of this interaction, we used homologous recombination to produce mutant mice lacking TIA-1. Although lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages derived from wild-type and TIA-1(-/-) mice express similar amounts of TNF-alpha transcripts, macrophages lacking TIA-1 produce significantly more TNF-alpha protein than wild-type controls. The half-life of TNF-alpha transcripts is similar in wild-type and TIA-1(-/-) macrophages, indicating that TIA-1 does not regulate transcript stability. Rather, the absence of TIA-1 significantly increases the proportion of TNF-alpha transcripts that associate with polysomes, suggesting that TIA-1 normally functions as a translational silencer. TIA-1 does not appear to regulate the production of interleukin 1 beta, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor or interferon gamma, indicating that its effects are, at least partially, transcript specific. Mice lacking TIA-1 are hypersensitive to the toxic effects of LPS, indicating that this translational control pathway may regulate the organismal response to microbial stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Piecyk
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Smith 652, One Jimmy Fund Way, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Lauper N, Beck AR, Cariou S, Richman L, Hofmann K, Reith W, Slingerland JM, Amati B. Cyclin E2: a novel CDK2 partner in the late G1 and S phases of the mammalian cell cycle. Oncogene 1998; 17:2637-43. [PMID: 9840927 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1202477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We report here the cloning and characterization of human and mouse cyclin E2, which define a new subfamily within the vertebrate E-type cyclins, while all previously identified family-members belong to the cyclin El subfamily. Cyclin E2/CKD2 and cyclin E/CDK2 complexes phosphorylate histone H1 in vitro with similar specific activities and both are inhibited by p27Kip1. Cyclin E2 mRNA levels in human cells oscillate throughout the cell cycle and peak at the G1/S boundary, in parallel with the cyclin E mRNA. In cells, cyclin E2 is complexed with CDK2, p27 and p21. Like cyclin E, cyclin E2 is an unstable protein in vivo and is stabilized by proteasome inhibitors. Cyclin E2-associated kinase activity rises in late G1 and peaks very close to cyclin E activity. In two malignantly transformed cell lines, cyclin E2 activity is sustained throughout S phase, while cyclin E activity has already declined and cyclin A activity is only beginning to rise. We speculate that cyclin E2 is not simply redundant with cyclin E, but may regulate distinct rate-limiting pathway(s) in G1-S control.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Lauper
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), Epalinges
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Abstract
Primordial germ cells (PGCs) give rise to both eggs and sperm via complex maturational processes that require both cell migration and proliferation. However, little is known about the genes controlling gamete formation during the early stages of PGC development. Although several mutations are known to severely reduce the number of PGCs reaching and populating the genital ridges, the molecular identity of only two of these genes is known: the c-kit receptor protein tyrosine kinase and the c-kit ligand (the steel factor). Herein, we report that mutant mice lacking TIAR, an RNA recognition motif/ribonucleoprotein-type RNA-binding protein highly expressed in PGCs, fail to develop spermatogonia or oogonia. This developmental defect is a consequence of reduced survival of PGCs that migrate to the genital ridge around embryonic day 11.5 (E11.5). The numbers of PGCs populating the genital ridge in TIAR-deficient embryos are severely reduced compared to wild-type embryos by E11.5 and in the mutants PGCs are completely absent at E13.5. Furthermore, TIAR-deficient embryonic stem cells do not proliferate in the absence of exogenous leukemia inhibitory factor in an in vitro methylcellulose culture assay, supporting a role for TIAR in regulating cell proliferation. Because the development of PGCs relies on the action of several growth factors, these results are consistent with a role for TIAR in the expression of a survival factor or survival factor receptor that is essential for PGC development. TIAR-deficient mice thus provide a model system to study molecular mechanisms of PGC development and possibly the basis for some forms of idiopathic infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Beck
- Division of Tumor Immunology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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6
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Manié SN, Beck AR, Astier A, Law SF, Canty T, Hirai H, Druker BJ, Avraham H, Haghayeghi N, Sattler M, Salgia R, Griffin JD, Golemis EA, Freedman AS. Involvement of p130(Cas) and p105(HEF1), a novel Cas-like docking protein, in a cytoskeleton-dependent signaling pathway initiated by ligation of integrin or antigen receptor on human B cells. J Biol Chem 1997; 272:4230-6. [PMID: 9020138 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.272.7.4230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The Crk-associated substrate p130(Cas) (Cas) and the recently described human enhancer of filamentation 1 (HEF1) are two proteins with similar structure (64% amino acid homology), which are thought to act as "docking" molecules in intracellular signaling cascades. Both proteins contain an N-terminal Src homology (SH), three domain and a cluster of SH2 binding motifs. Here we show that ligation of either beta1 integrin or B cell antigen receptor (BCR) on human tonsillar B cells and B cell lines promoted tyrosine phosphorylation of HEF1. In contrast, Cas tyrosine phosphorylation was observed in certain B cell lines but not in tonsillar B cells, indicating a more general role for HEF1 in B cell signaling. Interestingly, pretreatment of tonsillar B cells with cytochalasin B dramatically reduced both integrin- and BCR-induced HEF1 phosphorylation, suggesting that some component of the BCR-mediated signaling pathway is closely linked with a cytoskeletal reorganization. Both HEF1 and Cas were found to complex with the related adhesion focal tyrosine kinase (RAFTK), and when tyrosine phosphorylated, with the adapter molecule CrkL. In addition, the two molecules were detected in p53/56(Lyn) immunoprecipitates, and Lyn kinase was found to specifically bind the C-terminal proline-rich sequence of Cas in an in vitro binding assay. These associations implicate HEF1 and Cas as important components in a cytoskeleton-linked signaling pathway initiated by ligation of beta1 integrin or BCR on human B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Manié
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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7
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Beck AR, Medley QG, O'Brien S, Anderson P, Streuli M. Structure, tissue distribution and genomic organization of the murine RRM-type RNA binding proteins TIA-1 and TIAR. Nucleic Acids Res 1996; 24:3829-35. [PMID: 8871565 PMCID: PMC146163 DOI: 10.1093/nar/24.19.3829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
TIA-1 and TIAR are RNA binding proteins of the RNA recognition motif (RRM)/ribonucleoprotein (RNP) family that have been implicated as effectors of apoptotic cell death. We report the structures of murine TIA-1 and TIAR (mTIA-1 and mTIAR) deduced from cDNA cloning, the mRNA and protein tissue distribution of mTIA-1 and mTIAR, and the exon-intron structures of the mTIA-1 and mTIAR genes. Both mTIA-1 and mTIAR are comprised of three approximately 100 amino acid N-terminal RRM domains and a approximately 90 amino acid C-terminal auxiliary domain. This subfamily of RRM proteins is evolutionarily well conserved; mTIA-1 and mTIAR are 80% similar to each other, and 96 and 99% similar to hTIA-1 and hTIAR, respectively. The overall exon-intron structures of the mTIA-1 and mTIAR genes are also similar to each other, as well as to the human TIA-1 gene structure. While Northern blot analysis reveals that mTIA-1 and mTIAR mRNAs have a broad tissue distribution, mTIA-1 and mTIAR proteins are predominantly expressed in brain, testis and spleen. At least two isoforms of both mTIA-1 and mTIAR are generated by alternative splicing. Murine TIA-1 isoforms including or lacking the exon 5 encoded sequences are expressed at a ratio of approximately 1:1, whereas mTIAR isoforms including or lacking the 5'-end of exon 3 sequences are expressed in a approximately 1:6 ratio. Molecular characterization of murine TIA-1 and TIAR RNA binding proteins provides the basis for a genetic analysis of the functional roles of these proteins during mammalian development.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Beck
- Division of Tumor Immunology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Abstract
Most controlled studies of facilitated communication (FC) have not validated it. One task, however, on which positive effects of FC have been demonstrated without facilitator influence is the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-R (PPVT-R). The present study investigated if the use of FC could be validated for either a group of subjects with autism or a group with severe to profound cognitive impairments, on the PPVT-R when facilitators were effectively screened from all visual and auditory stimuli. Additionally, the effect of mode of input-auditory or visual-on subjects' performance was investigated. Results did not validate the use of FC for the administration of the PPVT-R nor did they show any notable advantage of one mode of input over another.
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Dolgin SE, Beck AR, Tartter PI. The risk of perforation when children with possible appendicitis are observed in the hospital. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1992; 175:320-4. [PMID: 1411888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The morbidity rate from perforation demands that appendicitis be diagnosed promptly in children with abdominal pain. Although admitting and observing uncertain instances of appendicitis can refine the diagnostic accuracy, it is often claimed, but not proved, that this necessitates increasing the number of perforations. To assess the risk of perforation while observing uncertain instances of childhood appendicitis, we admitted 150 consecutive referrals during a period of one and one-half years. Immediate appendectomy was performed for 74 patients (49 percent) with convincing clinical signs and symptoms for appendicitis. The remaining 76 (51 percent) with unconvincing clinical signs and symptoms were observed as inpatients. One-third of the patients admitted for observation (26 of 76) underwent appendectomy after an average period of 12 hours. Two-thirds (50 of 76) of the patients got better and were discharged from the hospital without an appendectomy after an average admission of two days. Seven of the 100 appendices removed were normal. Three of the observed patients had perforations, one of whom may have perforated during observation, but that child went on to do well. The 50 patients who got well without appendectomy were similar to the patients with appendicitis, but significantly less likely to have peritoneal signs (8 versus 70 percent), tenderness in the right lower quadrant (48 versus 81 percent) and guarding (19 versus 75 percent). We conclude that admission and active observation in the hospital of children with possible, but unconvincing, signs and symptoms of appendicitis is a safe and effective way to determine which patients need an operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Dolgin
- Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York 10029
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Abstract
A case of sigmoid carcinoma in a 16-year-old boy is presented and the topic of colonic carcinoma in the young is reviewed. Although colon carcinoma in the younger patient is uncommon, its prognosis is distinctly worse than in the adult population, because the preponderance of mucinous adenocarcinoma in children and young adults represents a more virulent type of colonic malignancy and because the delay in diagnosis contributes to a more advanced stage of the disease at the time of presentation. When dealing with symptoms potentially referrable to this disease, a thorough diagnostic work-up should ensue.
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Affiliation(s)
- R H Rose
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, NY 10003
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11
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Shah KD, Beck AR, Jhaveri MK, Keohane M, Weinberg B, Gerber MA. Infantile hemangioendothelioma of heterotopic intrathoracic liver associated with diaphragmatic hernia. Hum Pathol 1987; 18:754-6. [PMID: 3596593 DOI: 10.1016/s0046-8177(87)80250-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
An autopsy of a six-hour-old term neonate, who died during surgery for repair of a left diaphragmatic hernia, revealed an infantile hemangioendothelioma type I arising in a heterotopic lobe of liver in the left thorax. The upper pole of the tumor was attached by fibrovascular tissue to the lower lobe of the left hypoplastic lung. A pedicle attached to the lower pole of the heterotopic liver pierced through the diaphragm to the left lobe of the normal liver. This case is an example of an unusual association of congenital malformation and putative neoplasm.
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12
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Heimann TM, Gelernt I, Salky B, Bauer J, Greenstein A, Beck AR. Familial polyposis coli. Results of mucosal proctectomy with ileoanal anastomosis. Dis Colon Rectum 1987; 30:424-7. [PMID: 3595359 DOI: 10.1007/bf02556489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The outcome of mucosal proctectomy with ileoanal anastomosis in patients with polyposis coli has not been well studied. A series of 25 patients with polyposis treated at the Mount Sinai Hospital over a period of ten years is reported. The mean age of the patients was 23 years. Early postoperative complications were present in seven patients and consisted of thrombophlebitis (three), pelvic sepsis (three), and retraction of the anastomosis (one). Intestinal obstruction requiring laparotomy occurred in another five patients. Twenty-three patients were followed for a mean of 47 months after closure of the ileostomy. Ninety-one percent are satisfied with the operative results. The mean number of bowel movements per 24 hours is 6.0. All patients are continent, but eight have occasional episodes of rectal seepage at night. Nearly 50 percent require some antidiarrheal medication. New adenomatous polyps have developed just above the dentate line in four patients. Patients with polyposis coli seem to have fewer serious complications requiring excision of the ileoanal anastomosis than patients with ulcerative colitis. They also should have lifelong surveillance of the entire gastrointestinal tract even after total colectomy with ileoanal anastomosis.
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13
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Abstract
A child is reported who developed partial colonic obstruction from an intussuscepting polypoid mass in the transverse colon. A 5 cm plexiform ganglioneurofibroma was found at laparotomy. Examination of the entire gastrointestinal tract revealed no other neurogenic tumors. Gastrointestinal involvement by neurofibromatosis in children is rare; however, children with von Recklinghausen's disease who complain of vague abdominal symptoms should be evaluated for gastrointestinal tumors.
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14
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Diakoumakis EE, Weinberg B, Beck AR, Antia DE. A case of meconium peritonitis with ileal stenosis: prenatal sonographic findings with radiologic correlation. Mt Sinai J Med 1986; 53:152-3. [PMID: 3517628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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15
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Abstract
Mesenteric and retroperitoneal cysts are rare intra-abdominal tumors. Ten new patients are presented as well as 152 other cases reported in the English literature. These 162 cases were then analyzed for significant trends. Patients under 10 years of age were significantly different from the older group with respect to a shorter duration of symptoms, a higher number of patients requiring an emergency operation, a lower number of recurrences and the location of the cyst. Patients with retroperitoneal cysts were more likely to have incomplete excision of the cyst and therefore had a higher incidence of recurrence. They also required marsupialization more often. Retroperitoneal cysts should be considered a different entity from mesenteric cysts even though they present clinically in a similar fashion. The outcome of surgical treatment is less satisfactory in patients with retroperitoneal cysts.
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Kurtz RJ, Heimann TM, Beck AR, Kurtz AB. Patterns of treatment of gallstone ileus over a 45-year period. Am J Gastroenterol 1985; 80:95-8. [PMID: 3970007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
All patients with gallstone ileus admitted to our institutions between 1938 and 1982 were retrospectively analyzed by grouping the patients into 10-year periods. Forty-five patients were studied, of whom 39 required operation. When hospital statistics for admissions, length of stay, and mortality rates from the Mount Sinai Hospital were compared to the gallstone ileus data, it was found that there has been no significant change in the admission rate for these patients. The mortality rate and length of stay of gallstone ileus patients has also remained constant over the past 25 years despite the general hospital decrease in both of these numbers. There has been no change in the complication rate, duration of symptoms prior to admission, or the preoperative diagnostic rate of gallstone ileus during the duration of this study.
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17
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Beck AR. The processing of the sounds and meanings of ongoing speech by aphasic subjects. Brain Lang 1984; 22:320-338. [PMID: 6204713 DOI: 10.1016/0093-934x(84)90097-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The ability of aphasic subjects to process the sounds and meanings of ongoing speech was tested. Subjects, 10 aphasic and 20 control, heard test sentences which contained one member of phonemically similar word pairs in one of three semantic contexts: congruent, neutral, and noncongruent. Immediately after hearing a sentence, subjects were to indicate which member of the word pair had been in the sentence. All subject groups had similar overall patterns of response to the different semantic contexts. The division of aphasic subjects into groups of high and low comprehenders revealed response differences. High comprehending aphasic subjects, like control subjects, demonstrated interactive processing of the sounds and meaning of speech while low comprehending aphasic subjects did not.
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Abstract
Mucosal proctectomy with endorectal pull-through allows the removal of all colonic mucosa with preservation of continence. This operation was performed in 19 patients with familial polyposis coli and ulcerative colitis. A temporary loop ileostomy was used to defunctionalize the anastomosis. Intestinal continuity was restored in 17 of the 19 patients. Mean duration of follow-up was 29 months. All patients are continent, and the mean number of bowel movements per 24 hours is 6. Follow-up barium studies revealed a gradual dilatation of the terminal ileum within the rectal cuff which accounts for the decrease in the number of bowel movements. This operation eliminates the risk of carcinoma without compromising sphincter function.
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Shindelman LE, Kasen L, Beck AR. Partial splenectomy in a child. Mt Sinai J Med 1980; 47:391-7. [PMID: 6968030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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20
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Abstract
Thymic cysts are a rare cause of cervical masses in children. The cysts usually appear between ages 6 and 7 years and present as a soft swelling in the anterior triangle of the neck. The cysts may be small and unilocular or large and multilocular; they produce few symptoms. The etiology is unclear but may be related to remnants of tissue left in the cervical region when the thymus gland descends from the neck to the mediastinum during embryologic development. Forty-three cases of cervical thymic cysts have been reported in patients under 20 years of age. Two additional cases are reported in boys 5 and 9 years of age.
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21
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Saperstein L, Pollack J, Beck AR. Total intestinal aganglionosis. Mt Sinai J Med 1980; 47:72-3. [PMID: 6966751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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22
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Abstract
Two newborns with similar lesions were treated at two children's hospitals. Each newborn presented with an abdominal emergency that required immediate surgery. In each instance, small bowel obstruction was clinically and radiologically suspected; barium enema examination showed an irreducible colonic intussusception in the first baby and a colonic perforation in the second. Both these findings required immediate operation. The baby with the intussusception had a colon resection and a primary anastomosis, while the newborn with the perforation had a resection and temporary colostomy. Subsequent to the initial surgery, neither baby has received any further treatment for the tumor. The two patients are now well at 13 yr and 6 yr of age.
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23
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Abstract
Lipomas occur anywhere in the body but are rarely found in the fingers. This report describes a lipoma of the dorsum of the thumb in a 9-year-old boy. We have been unable to find a previously reported case.
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24
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Reiner MA, Bleicher MA, Beck AR. Diaphragmatic hernia of Morgagni. Mt Sinai J Med 1978; 45:796-806. [PMID: 310961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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25
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Abstract
Two cases of familial polyposis coli were managed by total colectomy and endorectal pull-through with excellent long-term results. The performance of a temporary loop ileostomy is advisable to prevent anastomotic complications. In addition, it avoids the excessive diarrhea and perianal excoriation that frequently occur in the early postoperative period until full continence is regained. This is the only method that allows the preservation of rectal function and prevents the occurrence of rectal cancer. It should be considered as a real alternative to either subtotal colectomy and ileorectal anastomosis or total colectomy with construction of an ileostomy.
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27
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Sloane CE, Baek SM, Beck AR. Solitary neonatal hepatic hemangioendothelioma: case report and discussion. Mt Sinai J Med 1977; 44:234-40. [PMID: 301232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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28
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Beck AR. Unusual problems in surgery. Bochdalek hernia presenting at one year of age. Mt Sinai J Med 1975; 42:173-6. [PMID: 1079568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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29
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Lee HK, Schwartz IS, Nipper T, Gichon G, Beck AR. Preoperative diagnosis of the Meckel's diverticulum by sequential 99m Technetium Pertechnetate scanning. Mt Sinai J Med 1975; 42:136-41. [PMID: 1079565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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31
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Beck AR, Leichtling JJ. Giant ovarian cyst in an infant: report of a case. Mt Sinai J Med 1972; 39:506-11. [PMID: 4538763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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32
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33
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Wolfert R, Beck AR, Leichtling JJ. Intussusception on Henoch-Schönlein's purpura. Mt Sinai J Med 1972; 39:397-403. [PMID: 4538019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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34
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35
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Kim SK, Beck AR. Multiple small bowel perforations: an unusual complication of trichobezoar. Mt Sinai J Med 1972; 39:293-9. [PMID: 4537269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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36
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37
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38
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Beck AR, Leichtling JJ. Unusual problems in surgery. Mt Sinai J Med 1970; 37:139-45. [PMID: 5309344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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39
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Prasad C, Beck AR. Myiasis of the scalp from DERMATOBIA HOMINIS. JAMA 1969; 210:133. [PMID: 5820379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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40
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Beck AR, Leichtling JJ. Unusual problems in surgery. J Mt Sinai Hosp N Y 1969; 36:227-35. [PMID: 5254148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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41
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Prasad C, Beck AR. Splenosis and intestinal obstruction. J Mt Sinai Hosp N Y 1968; 35:534-40. [PMID: 5245479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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42
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43
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Beck AR, Burrows L, Leichtling JJ. Unusual problems in surgery. Indirect traumatic diaphragmatic hernia. Typical and unusual features in two cases. J Mt Sinai Hosp N Y 1968; 35:287-300. [PMID: 5239558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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44
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Beck AR, Burrows L, Leichtling JJ. Unusual problems in surgery. Gastric perforation in a newborn. J Mt Sinai Hosp N Y 1968; 35:300-6. [PMID: 5239559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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45
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Beck AR, Burrows L, Leichtling JJ. Unusual problems in surgery. J Mt Sinai Hosp N Y 1967; 34:606-15. [PMID: 5236171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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46
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Beck AR, Leibowitz DA. Unusual problems in surgery: case no. 8. Lung hernia. J Mt Sinai Hosp N Y 1967; 34:507-12. [PMID: 5234934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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47
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Beck AR. Unusual problems in surgery: case no. 9. Abdominal pain and shifting masses. J Mt Sinai Hosp N Y 1967; 34:512-8. [PMID: 5234935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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48
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49
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Beck AR, Jewett TC, Allen JE. Emergency-room treatment of wringer injuries in children. Hosp Top 1967; 45:85-8. [PMID: 6045563 DOI: 10.1080/00185868.1967.9950033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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50
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