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Bader CA, Simpson PV, Dallerba E, Stagni S, Johnson IRD, Hickey SM, Sorvina A, Hackett M, Sobolev AN, Brooks DA, Massi M, Plush SE. Synthesis and cellular uptake of neutral rhenium(I) morpholine complexes. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:3407-3413. [PMID: 38269470 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03067a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Morpholine motifs have been used extensively as targeting moieties for lysosomes, primarily in fluorescence imaging agents. Traditionally these imaging agents are based on organic molecules which have several shortcomings including small Stokes shifts, short emission lifetimes, and susceptibility to photobleaching. To explore alternative lysosome targeting imaging agents we have used a rhenium based phosphorescent platform which has been previously demonstrated to have an improved Stokes shift, a long lifetime emission, and is highly photostable. Rhenium complexes containing morpholine substituted ligands were designed to accumulate in acidic compartments. Two of the three complexes prepared exhibited bright emission in cells, when incubated at low concentrations (20 μM) and were non-toxic at concentrations as high as 100 μM, making them suitable for live cell imaging. We show that the rhenium complexes are amenable to chemical modification and that the morpholine targeted derivatives can be used for live cell confocal fluorescence imaging of endosomes-lysosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christie A Bader
- Clinical and Health Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia.
| | - Peter V Simpson
- Department of Chemistry, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia.
| | - Elena Dallerba
- Department of Chemistry, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia.
| | - Stefano Stagni
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Bologna 40136, Italy
| | - Ian R D Johnson
- Clinical and Health Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia.
| | - Shane M Hickey
- Clinical and Health Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia.
| | - Alexandra Sorvina
- Clinical and Health Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia.
| | - Mark Hackett
- Department of Chemistry, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia.
| | - Alexandre N Sobolev
- School of Molecular Sciences, M310, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Doug A Brooks
- Clinical and Health Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia.
| | - Massimiliano Massi
- Department of Chemistry, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia.
| | - Sally E Plush
- Clinical and Health Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia.
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Cortés-Sánchez JL, Melnik D, Sandt V, Kahlert S, Marchal S, Johnson IRD, Calvaruso M, Liemersdorf C, Wuest SL, Grimm D, Krüger M. Fluid and Bubble Flow Detach Adherent Cancer Cells to Form Spheroids on a Random Positioning Machine. Cells 2023; 12:2665. [PMID: 37998400 PMCID: PMC10670461 DOI: 10.3390/cells12222665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In preparing space and microgravity experiments, the utilization of ground-based facilities is common for initial experiments and feasibility studies. One approach to simulating microgravity conditions on Earth is to employ a random positioning machine (RPM) as a rotary bioreactor. Combined with a suitable low-mass model system, such as cell cultures, these devices simulating microgravity have been shown to produce results similar to those obtained in a space experiment under real microgravity conditions. One of these effects observed under real and simulated microgravity is the formation of spheroids from 2D adherent cancer cell cultures. Since real microgravity cannot be generated in a laboratory on Earth, we aimed to determine which forces lead to the detachment of individual FTC-133 thyroid cancer cells and the formation of tumor spheroids during culture with exposure to random positioning modes. To this end, we subdivided the RPM motion into different static and dynamic orientations of cell culture flasks. We focused on the molecular activation of the mechanosignaling pathways previously associated with spheroid formation in microgravity. Our results suggest that RPM-induced spheroid formation is a two-step process. First, the cells need to be detached, induced by the cell culture flask's rotation and the subsequent fluid flow, as well as the presence of air bubbles. Once the cells are detached and in suspension, random positioning prevents sedimentation, allowing 3D aggregates to form. In a comparative shear stress experiment using defined fluid flow paradigms, transcriptional responses were triggered comparable to exposure of FTC-133 cells to the RPM. In summary, the RPM serves as a simulator of microgravity by randomizing the impact of Earth's gravity vector especially for suspension (i.e., detached) cells. Simultaneously, it simulates physiological shear forces on the adherent cell layer. The RPM thus offers a unique combination of environmental conditions for in vitro cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Cortés-Sánchez
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (J.L.C.-S.); (D.M.); (V.S.); (S.M.); (D.G.)
| | - Daniela Melnik
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (J.L.C.-S.); (D.M.); (V.S.); (S.M.); (D.G.)
- Research Group “Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt- und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen” (MARS), Otto-von-Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Viviann Sandt
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (J.L.C.-S.); (D.M.); (V.S.); (S.M.); (D.G.)
| | - Stefan Kahlert
- Institute of Anatomy, University Hospital Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany;
| | - Shannon Marchal
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (J.L.C.-S.); (D.M.); (V.S.); (S.M.); (D.G.)
| | - Ian R. D. Johnson
- Research in Space Environments Group, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
| | - Marco Calvaruso
- Institute of Bioimaging and Molecular Physiology, National Research Council (IBFM-CNR), 90015 Cefalù, Italy;
| | - Christian Liemersdorf
- Department of Gravitational Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, 51147 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Simon L. Wuest
- Institute of Medical Engineering, Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, 6052 Hergiswil, Switzerland;
| | - Daniela Grimm
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (J.L.C.-S.); (D.M.); (V.S.); (S.M.); (D.G.)
- Research Group “Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt- und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen” (MARS), Otto-von-Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Marcus Krüger
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (J.L.C.-S.); (D.M.); (V.S.); (S.M.); (D.G.)
- Research Group “Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt- und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen” (MARS), Otto-von-Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
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Sorvina A, Martini C, Prabhakaran S, Logan JM, S-Y Ung B, Moore C, Johnson IRD, Lazniewska J, Tewari P, Malone V, Brooks RD, Hickey SM, Caruso MC, Klebe S, Karageorgos L, O'Leary JJ, Delahunt B, Samaratunga H, Brooks DA. Appl1, Sortilin and Syndecan-1 immunohistochemistry on intraductal carcinoma of the prostate provides evidence of retrograde spread. Pathology 2023; 55:792-799. [PMID: 37422404 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2023.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
The presence of intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDCP) correlates with late-stage disease and poor outcomes for patients with prostatic adenocarcinoma, but the accurate and reliable staging of disease severity remains challenging. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) has been utilised to overcome problems in assessing IDCP morphology, but the current markers have only demonstrated limited utility in characterising the complex biology of this lesion. In a retrospective study of a cohort of patients who had been diagnosed with IDCP, we utilised IHC on radical prostatectomy sections with a biomarker panel of Appl1, Sortilin and Syndecan-1, to interpret different architectural patterns and to explore the theory that IDCP occurs from retrograde spread of high-grade invasive prostatic adenocarcinoma. Cribriform IDCP displayed strong Appl1, Sortilin and Syndecan-1 labelling patterns, while solid IDCP architecture had high intensity Appl1 and Syndecan-1 labelling, but minimal Sortilin labelling. Notably, the expression pattern of the biomarker panel in regions of IDCP was similar to that of adjacent invasive prostatic adenocarcinoma, and also comparable to prostate cancer showing perineural and vascular invasion. The Appl1, Sortilin, and Syndecan-1 biomarker panel in IDCP provides evidence for the model of retrograde spread of invasive prostatic carcinoma into ducts/acini, and supports the inclusion of IDCP into the five-tier Gleason grading system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Sorvina
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Carmela Martini
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - Sarita Prabhakaran
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Department of Anatomical Pathology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jessica M Logan
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Benjamin S-Y Ung
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Courtney Moore
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ian R D Johnson
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Joanna Lazniewska
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Prerna Tewari
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Victoria Malone
- Department of Pathology, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Robert D Brooks
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Shane M Hickey
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Maria C Caruso
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sonja Klebe
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Department of Surgical Pathology, SA Pathology at Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Litsa Karageorgos
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - John J O'Leary
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brett Delahunt
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Hemamali Samaratunga
- Aquesta Uropathology, Brisbane, Qld, Australia; University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Doug A Brooks
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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4
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Martini C, Logan JM, Sorvina A, Prabhakaran S, Ung BSY, Johnson IRD, Hickey SM, Brooks RD, Caruso MC, Klebe S, Karageorgos L, O'Leary JJ, Delahunt B, Samaratunga H, Brooks DA. Publisher Correction to: Distinct patterns of biomarker expression for atypical intraductal proliferations in prostate cancer. Virchows Arch 2023:10.1007/s00428-023-03666-8. [PMID: 37773453 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-023-03666-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Martini
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - Jessica M Logan
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Alexandra Sorvina
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sarita Prabhakaran
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Benjamin S-Y Ung
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ian R D Johnson
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Shane M Hickey
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Robert D Brooks
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Maria C Caruso
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sonja Klebe
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Surgical Pathology, SA Pathology at Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Litsa Karageorgos
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - John J O'Leary
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brett Delahunt
- Malaghan Institute for Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Hemamali Samaratunga
- Aquesta Uropathology and the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Douglas A Brooks
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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5
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Lam GT, Martini C, Brooks T, Prabhakaran S, Hopkins AM, Ung BSY, Tang J, Caruso MC, Brooks RD, Johnson IRD, Sorvina A, Hickey SM, Karageorgos L, Klebe S, O’Leary JJ, Brooks DA, Logan JM. Insights into Melanoma Clinical Practice: A Perspective for Future Research. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4631. [PMID: 37760601 PMCID: PMC10526186 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early diagnosis is the key to improving outcomes for patients with melanoma, and this requires a standardized histological assessment approach. The objective of this survey was to understand the challenges faced by clinicians when assessing melanoma cases, and to provide a perspective for future studies. METHODS Between April 2022 and February 2023, national and international dermatologists, pathologists, general practitioners, and laboratory managers were invited to participate in a six-question online survey. The data from the survey were assessed using descriptive statistics and qualitative responses. RESULTS A total of 54 responses were received, with a 51.4% (n = 28) full completion rate. Of the respondents, 96.4% reported ambiguity in their monthly melanoma diagnosis, and 82.1% routinely requested immunohistochemistry (IHC) testing to confirm diagnosis. SOX10 was the most frequently requested marker, and most respondents preferred multiple markers over a single marker. Diagnostic and prognostic tests, as well as therapeutic options and patient management, were all identified as important areas for future research. CONCLUSIONS The respondents indicated that the use of multiple IHC markers is essential to facilitate diagnostic accuracy in melanoma assessment. Survey responses indicate there is an urgent need to develop new biomarkers for clinical decision making at multiple critical intervention points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giang T. Lam
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Carmela Martini
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Tiffany Brooks
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Aware Women’s Health Private Clinic, Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia
| | - Sarita Prabhakaran
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Ashley M. Hopkins
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Ben S.-Y. Ung
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Jingying Tang
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Maria C. Caruso
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Robert D. Brooks
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Ian R. D. Johnson
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Alexandra Sorvina
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Shane M. Hickey
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Litsa Karageorgos
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Sonja Klebe
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
- Department of Surgical Pathology, SA Pathology at Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - John J. O’Leary
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Douglas A. Brooks
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jessica M. Logan
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
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6
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Martini C, Logan JM, Sorvina A, Prabhakaran S, Ung BSY, Johnson IRD, Hickey SM, Brooks RD, Caruso MC, Klebe S, Karageorgos L, O'Leary JJ, Delahunt B, Samaratunga H, Brooks DA. Distinct patterns of biomarker expression for atypical intraductal proliferations in prostate cancer. Virchows Arch 2023:10.1007/s00428-023-03643-1. [PMID: 37704825 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-023-03643-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
High-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) is a well-characterised precursor lesion in prostate cancer. The term atypical intraductal proliferations (AIP) describes lesions with features that are far too atypical to be considered HGPIN, yet insufficient to be diagnosed as intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDCP). Here, a panel of biomarkers was assessed to provide insights into the biological relationship between IDCP, HGPIN, and AIP and their relevance to current clinicopathological recommendations. Tissue samples from 86 patients with prostate cancer were assessed by routine haematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry (IHC) with a biomarker panel (Appl1/Sortilin/Syndecan-1) and a PIN4 cocktail (34βE12+P63/P504S). Appl1 strongly labelled atypical secretory cells, effectively visualising intraductal lesions. Sortilin labelling was moderate-to-strong in > 70% of cases, while Syndecan-1 was moderate-to-strong in micropapillary HGPIN/AIP lesions (83% cases) versus flat/tufting HGPIN (≤ 20% cases). Distinct biomarker labelling patterns for atypical intraductal lesions of the prostate were observed, including early atypical changes (flat/tufting HGPIN) and more advanced atypical changes (micropapillary HGPIN/AIP). Furthermore, the biomarker panel may be used as a tool to overcome the diagnostic uncertainty surrounding AIP by supporting a definitive diagnosis of IDCP for such lesions displaying the same biomarker pattern as cribriform IDCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Martini
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Jessica M Logan
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Alexandra Sorvina
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Sarita Prabhakaran
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Benjamin S Y Ung
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ian R D Johnson
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Shane M Hickey
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Robert D Brooks
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Maria C Caruso
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Sonja Klebe
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Surgical Pathology, SA Pathology at Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Litsa Karageorgos
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - John J O'Leary
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brett Delahunt
- Malaghan Institute for Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | - Douglas A Brooks
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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7
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Lam GT, Sorvina A, Martini C, Prabhakaran S, Ung BSY, Lazniewska J, Moore CR, Beck AR, Hopkins AM, Johnson IRD, Caruso MC, Hickey SM, Brooks RD, Jackett L, Karageorgos L, Foster-Smith EJ, Malone V, Klebe S, O'Leary JJ, Brooks DA, Logan JM. Altered endosomal-lysosomal biogenesis in melanoma. Neoplasia 2023; 43:100924. [PMID: 37562257 PMCID: PMC10423698 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2023.100924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is the deadliest form of skin neoplasm and its high mortality rates could be averted by early accurate detection. While the detection of melanoma is currently reliant upon melanin visualisation, research into melanosome biogenesis, as a key driver of pathogenesis, has not yielded technology that can reliably distinguish between atypical benign, amelanotic and melanotic lesions. The endosomal-lysosomal system has important regulatory roles in cancer cell biology, including a specific functional role in melanosome biogenesis. Herein, the involvement of the endosomal-lysosomal system in melanoma was examined by pooled secondary analysis of existing gene expression datasets. A set of differentially expressed endosomal-lysosomal genes was identified in melanoma, which were interconnected by biological function. To illustrate the protein expression of the dysregulated genes, immunohistochemistry was performed on samples from patients with cutaneous melanoma to reveal candidate markers. This study demonstrated the dysregulation of Syntenin-1, Sortilin and Rab25 may provide a differentiating feature between cutaneous melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma, while IGF2R may indicate malignant propensity in these skin cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giang T Lam
- Clinical and Health Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Alexandra Sorvina
- Clinical and Health Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Carmela Martini
- Clinical and Health Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sarita Prabhakaran
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ben S-Y Ung
- Clinical and Health Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Joanna Lazniewska
- Clinical and Health Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Courtney R Moore
- Clinical and Health Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Andrew R Beck
- Clinical and Health Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ashley M Hopkins
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ian R D Johnson
- Clinical and Health Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Maria C Caruso
- Clinical and Health Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Shane M Hickey
- Clinical and Health Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Robert D Brooks
- Clinical and Health Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Louise Jackett
- Anatomical Pathology Department, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Litsa Karageorgos
- Clinical and Health Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | - Victoria Malone
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sonja Klebe
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Department of Surgical Pathology, SA Pathology at Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - John J O'Leary
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Douglas A Brooks
- Clinical and Health Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jessica M Logan
- Clinical and Health Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
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8
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Lazniewska J, Li KL, Johnson IRD, Sorvina A, Logan JM, Martini C, Moore C, Ung BSY, Karageorgos L, Hickey SM, Prabhakaran S, Heatlie JK, Brooks RD, Huzzell C, Warnock NI, Ward MP, Mohammed B, Tewari P, Martin C, O'Toole S, Edgerton LB, Bates M, Moretti P, Pitson SM, Selemidis S, Butler LM, O'Leary JJ, Brooks DA. Dynamic interplay between sortilin and syndecan-1 contributes to prostate cancer progression. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13489. [PMID: 37596305 PMCID: PMC10439187 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40347-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) development and progression relies on the programming of glucose and lipid metabolism, and this involves alterations in androgen receptor expression and signalling. Defining the molecular mechanism that underpins this metabolic programming will have direct significance for patients with PCa who have a poor prognosis. Here we show that there is a dynamic balance between sortilin and syndecan-1, that reports on different metabolic phenotypes. Using tissue microarrays, we demonstrated by immunohistochemistry that sortilin was highly expressed in low-grade cancer, while syndecan-1 was upregulated in high-grade disease. Mechanistic studies in prostate cell lines revealed that in androgen-sensitive LNCaP cells, sortilin enhanced glucose metabolism by regulating GLUT1 and GLUT4, while binding progranulin and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) to limit lipid metabolism. In contrast, in androgen-insensitive PC3 cells, syndecan-1 was upregulated, interacted with LPL and colocalised with β3 integrin to promote lipid metabolism. In addition, androgen-deprived LNCaP cells had decreased expression of sortilin and reduced glucose-metabolism, but increased syndecan-1 expression, facilitating interactions with LPL and possibly β3 integrin. We report a hitherto unappreciated molecular mechanism for PCa, which may have significance for disease progression and how androgen-deprivation therapy might promote castration-resistant PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Lazniewska
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
| | - Ka Lok Li
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Ian R D Johnson
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Alexandra Sorvina
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Jessica M Logan
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Carmela Martini
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Courtney Moore
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Ben S-Y Ung
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Litsa Karageorgos
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Shane M Hickey
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Sarita Prabhakaran
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Jessica K Heatlie
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Robert D Brooks
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Chelsea Huzzell
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Nicholas I Warnock
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Mark P Ward
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Bashir Mohammed
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Prerna Tewari
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Cara Martin
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Sharon O'Toole
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | | | - Mark Bates
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Paul Moretti
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Stuart M Pitson
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Stavros Selemidis
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, STEM College, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Lisa M Butler
- South Australian ImmunoGENomics Cancer Institute and Freemasons Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Solid Tumour Program, Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - John J O'Leary
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Douglas A Brooks
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
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9
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Logan JM, Hopkins AM, Martini C, Sorvina A, Tewari P, Prabhakaran S, Huzzell C, Johnson IRD, Hickey SM, Ung BSY, Lazniewska J, Brooks RD, Moore CR, Caruso MC, Karageorgos L, Martin CM, O'Toole S, Bogue Edgerton L, Ward MP, Bates M, Selemidis S, Esterman A, Heffernan S, Keegan H, Ní Mhaolcatha S, O'Connor R, Malone V, Carter M, Ryan K, Clarke A, Brady N, Klebe S, Samaratunga H, Delahunt B, Sorich MJ, Moretti K, Butler LM, O'Leary JJ, Brooks DA. Prediction of Prostate Cancer Biochemical and Clinical Recurrence Is Improved by IHC-Assisted Grading Using Appl1, Sortilin and Syndecan-1. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3215. [PMID: 37370825 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gleason scoring is used within a five-tier risk stratification system to guide therapeutic decisions for patients with prostate cancer. This study aimed to compare the predictive performance of routine H&E or biomarker-assisted ISUP (International Society of Urological Pathology) grade grouping for assessing the risk of biochemical recurrence (BCR) and clinical recurrence (CR) in patients with prostate cancer. This retrospective study was an assessment of 114 men with prostate cancer who provided radical prostatectomy samples to the Australian Prostate Cancer Bioresource between 2006 and 2014. The prediction of CR was the primary outcome (median time to CR 79.8 months), and BCR was assessed as a secondary outcome (median time to BCR 41.7 months). The associations of (1) H&E ISUP grade groups and (2) modified ISUP grade groups informed by the Appl1, Sortilin and Syndecan-1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) labelling were modelled with BCR and CR using Cox proportional hazard approaches. IHC-assisted grading was more predictive than H&E for BCR (C-statistic 0.63 vs. 0.59) and CR (C-statistic 0.71 vs. 0.66). On adjusted analysis, IHC-assisted ISUP grading was independently associated with both outcome measures. IHC-assisted ISUP grading using the biomarker panel was an independent predictor of individual BCR and CR. Prospective studies are needed to further validate this biomarker technology and to define BCR and CR associations in real-world cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Logan
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Bradley Building, City West Campus, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Ashley M Hopkins
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Flinders Drive, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Carmela Martini
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Bradley Building, City West Campus, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Alexandra Sorvina
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Bradley Building, City West Campus, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Prerna Tewari
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sarita Prabhakaran
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Chelsea Huzzell
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Bradley Building, City West Campus, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Ian R D Johnson
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Bradley Building, City West Campus, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Shane M Hickey
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Bradley Building, City West Campus, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Ben S-Y Ung
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Bradley Building, City West Campus, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Joanna Lazniewska
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Bradley Building, City West Campus, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Robert D Brooks
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Bradley Building, City West Campus, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Courtney R Moore
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Bradley Building, City West Campus, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Maria C Caruso
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Bradley Building, City West Campus, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Litsa Karageorgos
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Bradley Building, City West Campus, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Cara M Martin
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sharon O'Toole
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Mark P Ward
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark Bates
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stavros Selemidis
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, STEM College, RMIT University, Bundoora, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - Adrian Esterman
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Bradley Building, City West Campus, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Sheena Heffernan
- Department of Pathology, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, D08 XW7X Dublin, Ireland
| | - Helen Keegan
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sarah Ní Mhaolcatha
- Department of Pathology, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, D08 XW7X Dublin, Ireland
| | - Roisin O'Connor
- Department of Pathology, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, D08 XW7X Dublin, Ireland
| | - Victoria Malone
- Department of Pathology, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, D08 XW7X Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marguerite Carter
- Department of Pathology, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, D08 XW7X Dublin, Ireland
| | - Katie Ryan
- Department of Pathology, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, D08 XW7X Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andres Clarke
- Department of Pathology, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, D08 XW7X Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nathan Brady
- Department of Pathology, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, D08 XW7X Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sonja Klebe
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Hemamali Samaratunga
- Aquesta Uropathology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Brett Delahunt
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Michael J Sorich
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Flinders Drive, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Kim Moretti
- Discipline of Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5371, Australia
- Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Lisa M Butler
- South Australian ImmunoGENomics Cancer Institute and Freemasons Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- Solid Tumour Program, Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - John J O'Leary
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Douglas A Brooks
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Bradley Building, City West Campus, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
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10
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Martini C, Logan JM, Sorvina A, Gordon C, Beck AR, S-Y Ung B, Caruso MC, Moore C, Hocking A, Johnson IRD, Li KL, Karageorgos L, Hopkins AM, Esterman AJ, Huzzell C, Brooks RD, Lazniewska J, Hickey SM, Bader C, Parkinson-Lawrence E, Weigert R, Sorich MJ, Tewari P, Martin C, O'Toole S, Bates M, Ward M, Mohammed B, Keegan H, Watson W, Prendergast S, Heffernan S, NiMhaolcatha S, O'Connor R, Malone V, Carter M, Ryan K, Brady N, Clarke A, Sokol F, Prabhakaran S, Stahl J, Klebe S, Samaratunga H, Delahunt B, Selemidis S, Moretti KL, Butler LM, O'Leary JJ, Brooks DA. Aberrant protein expression of Appl1, Sortilin and Syndecan-1 during the biological progression of prostate cancer. Pathology 2023; 55:40-51. [PMID: 36089417 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Diagnosis and assessment of patients with prostate cancer is dependent on accurate interpretation and grading of histopathology. However, morphology does not necessarily reflect the complex biological changes occurring in prostate cancer disease progression, and current biomarkers have demonstrated limited clinical utility in patient assessment. This study aimed to develop biomarkers that accurately define prostate cancer biology by distinguishing specific pathological features that enable reliable interpretation of pathology for accurate Gleason grading of patients. Online gene expression databases were interrogated and a pathogenic pathway for prostate cancer was identified. The protein expression of key genes in the pathway, including adaptor protein containing a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, phosphotyrosine-binding (PTB) domain, and leucine zipper motif 1 (Appl1), Sortilin and Syndecan-1, was examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in a pilot study of 29 patients with prostate cancer, using monoclonal antibodies designed against unique epitopes. Appl1, Sortilin, and Syndecan-1 expression was first assessed in a tissue microarray cohort of 112 patient samples, demonstrating that the monoclonal antibodies clearly illustrate gland morphologies. To determine the impact of a novel IHC-assisted interpretation (the utility of Appl1, Sortilin, and Syndecan-1 labelling as a panel) of Gleason grading, versus standard haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) Gleason grade assignment, a radical prostatectomy sample cohort comprising 114 patients was assessed. In comparison to H&E, the utility of the biomarker panel reduced subjectivity in interpretation of prostate cancer tissue morphology and improved the reliability of pathology assessment, resulting in Gleason grade redistribution for 41% of patient samples. Importantly, for equivocal IHC-assisted labelling and H&E staining results, the cancer morphology interpretation could be more accurately applied upon re-review of the H&E tissue sections. This study addresses a key issue in the field of prostate cancer pathology by presenting a novel combination of three biomarkers and has the potential to transform clinical pathology practice by standardising the interpretation of the tissue morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Martini
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - Jessica M Logan
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Alexandra Sorvina
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Colin Gordon
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Andrew R Beck
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ben S-Y Ung
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Maria C Caruso
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Courtney Moore
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ashleigh Hocking
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ian R D Johnson
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ka Lok Li
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Litsa Karageorgos
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ashley M Hopkins
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Flinders Drive, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Adrian J Esterman
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Chelsea Huzzell
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Robert D Brooks
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Joanna Lazniewska
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Shane M Hickey
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Christie Bader
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | - Roberto Weigert
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael J Sorich
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Flinders Drive, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Prerna Tewari
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cara Martin
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sharon O'Toole
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark Bates
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark Ward
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Bashir Mohammed
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Helen Keegan
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - William Watson
- University College Dublin, School of Medicine, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sophie Prendergast
- Department of Pathology, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sheena Heffernan
- Department of Pathology, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sarah NiMhaolcatha
- Department of Pathology, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Roisin O'Connor
- Department of Pathology, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Victoria Malone
- Department of Pathology, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marguerite Carter
- Department of Pathology, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Katie Ryan
- Department of Pathology, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nathan Brady
- Department of Pathology, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andres Clarke
- Department of Pathology, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Filip Sokol
- Department of Pathology, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sarita Prabhakaran
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Department of Anatomical Pathology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jürgen Stahl
- Department of Cytopathology and Histopathology, Clinpath Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sonja Klebe
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Department of Surgical Pathology, SA Pathology at Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | - Brett Delahunt
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Wellington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Stavros Selemidis
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, STEM College, RMIT University, Bundoora, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Kim L Moretti
- Discipline of Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Lisa M Butler
- South Australian ImmunoGENomics Cancer Institute and Freemasons Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Solid Tumour Program, Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - John J O'Leary
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Douglas A Brooks
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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11
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Lam GT, Prabhakaran S, Sorvina A, Martini C, Ung BSY, Karageorgos L, Hickey SM, Lazniewska J, Johnson IRD, Williams DB, Klebe S, Malone V, O'Leary JJ, Jackett L, Brooks DA, Logan JM. Pitfalls in Cutaneous Melanoma Diagnosis and the Need for New Reliable Markers. Mol Diagn Ther 2023; 27:49-60. [PMID: 36477449 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-022-00628-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is one of the most aggressive forms of skin cancer, with the development of advanced stage disease resulting in a high rate of patient mortality. Accurate diagnosis of melanoma at an early stage is essential to improve patient outcomes, as this enables treatment before the cancer has metastasised. Histopathologic analysis is the current gold standard for melanoma diagnosis, but this can be subjective due to discordance in interpreting the morphological heterogeneity in melanoma and other skin lesions. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is sometimes employed as an adjunct to conventional histology, but it remains occasionally difficult to distinguish some benign melanocytic lesions and melanoma. Importantly, the complex morphology and lack of specific biomarkers that identify key elements of melanoma pathogenesis can make an accurate confirmation of diagnosis challenging. We review the diagnostic constraints of melanoma heterogeneity and discuss issues with interpreting routine histology and problems with current melanoma markers. Innovative approaches are required to find effective biomarkers to enhance patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giang T Lam
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sarita Prabhakaran
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Department of Anatomical Pathology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Alexandra Sorvina
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Carmela Martini
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ben S-Y Ung
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Litsa Karageorgos
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Shane M Hickey
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Joanna Lazniewska
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ian R D Johnson
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Desmond B Williams
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sonja Klebe
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Department of Surgical Pathology, SA Pathology at Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Victoria Malone
- Department of Pathology, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John J O'Leary
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Louise Jackett
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Doug A Brooks
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jessica M Logan
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
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12
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Hickey SM, Ung B, Bader C, Brooks R, Lazniewska J, Johnson IRD, Sorvina A, Logan J, Martini C, Moore CR, Karageorgos L, Sweetman MJ, Brooks DA. Fluorescence Microscopy-An Outline of Hardware, Biological Handling, and Fluorophore Considerations. Cells 2021; 11:35. [PMID: 35011596 PMCID: PMC8750338 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence microscopy has become a critical tool for researchers to understand biological processes at the cellular level. Micrographs from fixed and live-cell imaging procedures feature in a plethora of scientific articles for the field of cell biology, but the complexities of fluorescence microscopy as an imaging tool can sometimes be overlooked or misunderstood. This review seeks to cover the three fundamental considerations when designing fluorescence microscopy experiments: (1) hardware availability; (2) amenability of biological models to fluorescence microscopy; and (3) suitability of imaging agents for intended applications. This review will help equip the reader to make judicious decisions when designing fluorescence microscopy experiments that deliver high-resolution and informative images for cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane M. Hickey
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia; (C.B.); (R.B.); (J.L.); (I.R.D.J.); (A.S.); (J.L.); (C.M.); (C.R.M.); (L.K.); (M.J.S.); (D.A.B.)
| | - Ben Ung
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia; (C.B.); (R.B.); (J.L.); (I.R.D.J.); (A.S.); (J.L.); (C.M.); (C.R.M.); (L.K.); (M.J.S.); (D.A.B.)
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13
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Johnson IRD, Nguyen CT, Wise P, Grimm D. Implications of Altered Endosome and Lysosome Biology in Space Environments. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218205. [PMID: 33147843 PMCID: PMC7663135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Space exploration poses multiple challenges for mankind, not only on a technical level but also to the entire physiology of the space traveller. The human system must adapt to several environmental stressors, microgravity being one of them. Lysosomes are ubiquitous to every cell and essential for their homeostasis, playing significant roles in the regulation of autophagy, immunity, and adaptation of the organism to changes in their environment, to name a few. Dysfunction of the lysosomal system leads to age-related diseases, for example bone loss, reduced immune response or cancer. As these conditions have been shown to be accelerated following exposure to microgravity, this review elucidates the lysosomal response to real and simulated microgravity. Microgravity activates the endo-lysosomal system, with resulting impacts on bone loss, muscle atrophy and stem cell differentiation. The investigation of lysosomal adaptation to microgravity can be beneficial in the search for new biomarkers or therapeutic approaches to several disease pathologies on earth as well as the potential to mitigate pathophysiology during spaceflight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian R. D. Johnson
- Research in Space Environments Group, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Catherine T. Nguyen
- Research in Space Environments Group, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
| | - Petra Wise
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA;
| | - Daniela Grimm
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany;
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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14
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Johnson IRD, Logan JM. "Seeing is Believing." Enhancing student engagement with dynamic protein-model visualization. Biochem Mol Biol Educ 2019; 47:247-248. [PMID: 30920717 DOI: 10.1002/bmb.21238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ian R D Johnson
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Jessica M Logan
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
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15
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Sorvina A, Bader CA, Caporale C, Carter EA, Johnson IRD, Parkinson-Lawrence EJ, Simpson PV, Wright PJ, Stagni S, Lay PA, Massi M, Brooks DA, Plush SE. Lipid profiles of prostate cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 9:35541-35552. [PMID: 30473749 PMCID: PMC6238979 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipids are important cellular components which can be significantly altered in a range of disease states including prostate cancer. Here, a unique systematic approach has been used to define lipid profiles of prostate cancer cell lines, using quantitative mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS), FTIR spectroscopy and fluorescent microscopy. All three approaches identified significant difference in the lipid profiles of the three prostate cancer cell lines (DU145, LNCaP and 22RV1) and one non-malignant cell line (PNT1a). Specific lipid classes and species, such as phospholipids (e.g., phosphatidylethanolamine 18:1/16:0 and 18:1/18:1) and cholesteryl esters, detected by LC-ESI-MS/MS, allowed statistical separation of all four prostate cell lines. Lipid mapping by FTIR revealed that variations in these lipid classes could also be detected at a single cell level, however further investigation into this approach would be needed to generate large enough data sets for quantitation. Visualisation by fluorescence microscopy showed striking variations that could be observed in lipid staining patterns between cell lines allowing visual separation of cell lines. In particular, polar lipid staining by a fluorescent marker was observed to increase significantly in prostate cancer lines cells, when compared to PNT1a cells, which was consistent with lipid quantitation by LC-ESI-MS/MS and FTIR spectroscopy. Thus, multiple technologies can be employed to either quantify or visualise changes in lipid composition, and moreover specific lipid profiles could be used to detect and phenotype prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Sorvina
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Christie A Bader
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Chiara Caporale
- School of Molecular and Life Science - Curtin Institute for Functional Molecules and Interfaces, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A Carter
- Sydney Analytical and School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ian R D Johnson
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Emma J Parkinson-Lawrence
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Peter V Simpson
- School of Molecular and Life Science - Curtin Institute for Functional Molecules and Interfaces, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
| | - Phillip J Wright
- School of Molecular and Life Science - Curtin Institute for Functional Molecules and Interfaces, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
| | - Stefano Stagni
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Peter A Lay
- Sydney Analytical and School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Massimiliano Massi
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.,School of Molecular and Life Science - Curtin Institute for Functional Molecules and Interfaces, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
| | - Douglas A Brooks
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.,School of Molecular and Life Science - Curtin Institute for Functional Molecules and Interfaces, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
| | - Sally E Plush
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.,School of Molecular and Life Science - Curtin Institute for Functional Molecules and Interfaces, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia.,Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Australia
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16
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Sorvina A, Bader CA, Darby JRT, Lock MC, Soo JY, Johnson IRD, Caporale C, Voelcker NH, Stagni S, Massi M, Morrison JL, Plush SE, Brooks DA. Mitochondrial imaging in live or fixed tissues using a luminescent iridium complex. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8191. [PMID: 29844412 PMCID: PMC5974328 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24672-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial morphology is important for the function of this critical organelle and, accordingly, altered mitochondrial structure is exhibited in many pathologies. Imaging of mitochondria can therefore provide important information about disease presence and progression. However, mitochondrial imaging is currently limited by the availability of agents that have the capacity to image mitochondrial morphology in both live and fixed samples. This can be particularly problematic in clinical studies or large, multi-centre cohort studies, where tissue archiving by fixation is often more practical. We previously reported the synthesis of an iridium coordination complex [Ir(ppy)2(MeTzPyPhCN)]+; where ppy is a cyclometalated 2-phenylpyridine and TzPyPhCN is the 5-(5-(4-cyanophen-1-yl)pyrid-2-yl)tetrazolate ligand; and showed that this complex (herein referred to as IraZolve-Mito) has a high specificity for mitochondria in live cells. Here we demonstrate that IraZolve-Mito can also effectively stain mitochondria in both live and fixed tissue samples. The staining protocol proposed is versatile, providing a universal procedure for cell biologists and pathologists to visualise mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Sorvina
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia
| | - Christie A Bader
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia
| | - Jack R T Darby
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia
| | - Mitchell C Lock
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia
| | - Jia Yin Soo
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia
| | - Ian R D Johnson
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia
| | - Chiara Caporale
- Department of Chemistry and Curtin Institute for Functional Molecules and Interfaces, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, 6102, Australia
| | - Nicolas H Voelcker
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5095, Australia
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Stefano Stagni
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Bologna, I-40136, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Massi
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia
- Department of Chemistry and Curtin Institute for Functional Molecules and Interfaces, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, 6102, Australia
| | - Janna L Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia
| | - Sally E Plush
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia.
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5095, Australia.
| | - Douglas A Brooks
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia.
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17
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Abstract
Autophagy is an intracellular recycling and degradation process, which is important for energy metabolism, lipid metabolism, physiological stress response and organism development. During Drosophila development, autophagy is up-regulated in fat body and midgut cells, to control metabolic function and to enable tissue remodelling. Atg9 is the only transmembrane protein involved in the core autophagy machinery and is thought to have a role in autophagosome formation. During Drosophila development, Atg9 co-located with Atg8 autophagosomes, Rab11 endosomes and Lamp1 endosomes-lysosomes. RNAi silencing of Atg9 reduced both the number and the size of autophagosomes during development and caused morphological changes to amphisomes/autolysosomes. In control cells there was compartmentalised acidification corresponding to intraluminal Rab11/Lamp-1 vesicles, but in Atg9 depleted cells there were no intraluminal vesicles and the acidification was not compartmentalised. We concluded that Atg9 is required to form intraluminal vesicles and for localised acidification within amphisomes/autolysosomes, and consequently when depleted, reduced the capacity to degrade and remodel gut tissue during development. Summary: The disappearance of intraluminal vesicles in amphisomes/autolysosomes upon Atg9 depletion suggests that Atg9 has a specific role in intraluminal vesicle formation in autophagic compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Bader
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Diseases Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - T Shandala
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Diseases Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Y S Ng
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Diseases Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - I R D Johnson
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Diseases Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - D A Brooks
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Diseases Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
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18
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Johnson IRD, Parkinson-Lawrence EJ, Shandala T, Weigert R, Butler LM, Brooks DA. Altered endosome biogenesis in prostate cancer has biomarker potential. Mol Cancer Res 2014; 12:1851-62. [PMID: 25080433 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-14-0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Prostate cancer is the second most common form of cancer in males, affecting one in eight men by the time they reach the age of 70 years. Current diagnostic tests for prostate cancer have significant problems with both false negatives and false positives, necessitating the search for new molecular markers. A recent investigation of endosomal and lysosomal proteins revealed that the critical process of endosomal biogenesis might be altered in prostate cancer. Here, a panel of endosomal markers was evaluated in prostate cancer and nonmalignant cells and a significant increase in gene and protein expression was found for early, but not late endosomal proteins. There was also a differential distribution of early endosomes, and altered endosomal traffic and signaling of the transferrin receptors (TFRC and TFR2) in prostate cancer cells. These findings support the concept that endosome biogenesis and function are altered in prostate cancer. Microarray analysis of a clinical cohort confirmed the altered endosomal gene expression observed in cultured prostate cancer cells. Furthermore, in prostate cancer patient tissue specimens, the early endosomal marker and adaptor protein APPL1 showed consistently altered basement membrane histology in the vicinity of tumors and concentrated staining within tumor masses. These novel observations on altered early endosome biogenesis provide a new avenue for prostate cancer biomarker investigation and suggest new methods for the early diagnosis and accurate prognosis of prostate cancer. IMPLICATIONS This discovery of altered endosome biogenesis in prostate cancer may lead to novel biomarkers for more precise cancer detection and patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian R D Johnson
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Emma J Parkinson-Lawrence
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Tetyana Shandala
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Lisa M Butler
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. Adelaide Prostate Cancer Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Doug A Brooks
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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