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Schulz H, Strauch SM, Richter P, Wehland M, Krüger M, Sahana J, Corydon TJ, Wise P, Baran R, Lebert M, Grimm D. Latest knowledge about changes in the proteome in microgravity. Expert Rev Proteomics 2022; 19:43-59. [PMID: 35037812 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2022.2030711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION : A long-term stay of humans in space causes a large number of well-known health problems and changes in protists and plants. Deep space exploration will increase the time humans or rodents will spend in microgravity (µg). Moreover, they are exposed to cosmic radiation, hypodynamia, and isolation. OMICS investigations will increase our knowledge of the underlying mechanisms of µg-induced alterations in vivo and in vitro. AREAS COVERED : We summarize the findings over the recent 3 years on µg-induced changes in the proteome of protists, plants, rodent and human cells. Considering the thematic orientation of microgravity-related publications in that time frame, we focus on medicine-associated findings such as the µg-induced antibiotic resistance of bacteria, the myocardial consequences of µg-induced calpain activation and the role of MMP13 in osteoarthritis. All these point to the fact that µg is an extreme stressor that could not be evolutionarily addressed on Earth. EXPERT COMMENTARY : In conclusion, when interpreting µg-experiments, the direct, mostly unspecific stress response, must be distinguished from specific µg-effects. For this reason, recent studies often do not consider single protein findings but place them in the context of protein-protein interactions. This enables an estimation of functional relationships, especially if these are supported by epigenetic and transcriptional data (multi-omics).
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Schulz
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Research Group 'Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt- und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen' (MARS), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian M Strauch
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Environment, University of Joinville Region, Rua Paulo Malschitzki, 10 - Zona Industrial Norte, Joinville, SC, CEP 89219-710, Brazil
| | - Peter Richter
- Gravitational Biology Group, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University, Staudtstraße 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus Wehland
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Research Group 'Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt- und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen' (MARS), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Krüger
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Research Group 'Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt- und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen' (MARS), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Thomas J Corydon
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.,Department of Ophthalmology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Petra Wise
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Ronni Baran
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Michael Lebert
- Gravitational Biology Group, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University, Staudtstraße 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.,Space Biology Unlimited SAS, 24 Cours de l'Intendance, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Daniela Grimm
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Research Group 'Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt- und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen' (MARS), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
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Fanini F, Bandini E, Plousiou M, Carloni S, Wise P, Neviani P, Murtadha M, Foca F, Fabbri F, Vannini I, Fabbri M. MicroRNA-16 Restores Sensitivity to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Outperforms MEK Inhibitors in KRAS-Mutated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13357. [PMID: 34948154 PMCID: PMC8705178 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Chemotherapy, the treatment of choice in non-operable cases, achieves a dismal success rate, raising the need for new therapeutic options. In about 25% of NSCLC, the activating mutations of the KRAS oncogene define a subclass that cannot benefit from tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). The tumor suppressor miR-16 is downregulated in many human cancers, including NSCLC. The main objectives of this study were to evaluate miR-16 treatment to restore the TKI sensitivity and compare its efficacy to MEK inhibitors in KRAS-mutated NSCLC. METHODS We performed in vitro and in vivo studies to investigate whether miR-16 could be exploited to overcome TKI resistance in KRAS-mutated NSCLC. We had three goals: first, to identify the KRAS downstream effectors targeted by mir-16, second, to study the effects of miR-16 restoration on TKI resistance in KRAS-mutated NSCLC both in vitro and in vivo, and finally, to compare miR-16 and the MEK inhibitor selumetinib in reducing KRAS-mutated NSCLC growth in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS We demonstrated that miR-16 directly targets the three KRAS downstream effectors MAPK3, MAP2K1, and CRAF in NSCLC, restoring the sensitivity to erlotinib in KRAS-mutated NSCLC both in vitro and in vivo. We also provided evidence that the miR-16-erlotinib regimen is more effective than the selumetinib-erlotinib combination in KRAS-mutated NSCLC. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the biological preclinical rationale for using miR-16 in combination with erlotinib in the treatment of NSCLC with KRAS-activating mutations.
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MESH Headings
- A549 Cells
- Animals
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/therapy
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Female
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/therapy
- MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases/genetics
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- MicroRNAs/biosynthesis
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- Mutation
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)/metabolism
- RNA, Neoplasm/biosynthesis
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Fanini
- Immuno-Gene Therapy Factory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (F.F.); (S.C.)
| | - Erika Bandini
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (E.B.); (M.P.); (F.F.); (I.V.)
| | - Meropi Plousiou
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (E.B.); (M.P.); (F.F.); (I.V.)
| | - Silvia Carloni
- Immuno-Gene Therapy Factory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (F.F.); (S.C.)
| | - Petra Wise
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany;
| | - Paolo Neviani
- Extracellular Vesicle Core, The Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA;
| | - Mariam Murtadha
- Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA;
| | - Flavia Foca
- Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy;
| | - Francesco Fabbri
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (E.B.); (M.P.); (F.F.); (I.V.)
| | - Ivan Vannini
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (E.B.); (M.P.); (F.F.); (I.V.)
| | - Muller Fabbri
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA
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Riwaldt S, Corydon TJ, Pantalone D, Sahana J, Wise P, Wehland M, Krüger M, Melnik D, Kopp S, Infanger M, Grimm D. Role of Apoptosis in Wound Healing and Apoptosis Alterations in Microgravity. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:679650. [PMID: 34222218 PMCID: PMC8248797 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.679650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Functioning as the outermost self-renewing protective layer of the human organism, skin protects against a multitude of harmful biological and physical stimuli. Consisting of ectodermal, mesenchymal, and neural crest-derived cell lineages, tissue homeostasis, and signal transduction are finely tuned through the interplay of various pathways. A health problem of astronauts in space is skin deterioration. Until today, wound healing has not been considered as a severe health concern for crew members. This can change with deep space exploration missions and commercial spaceflights together with space tourism. Albeit the molecular process of wound healing is not fully elucidated yet, there have been established significant conceptual gains and new scientific methods. Apoptosis, e.g., programmed cell death, enables orchestrated development and cell removal in wounded or infected tissue. Experimental designs utilizing microgravity allow new insights into the role of apoptosis in wound healing. Furthermore, impaired wound healing in unloading conditions would depict a significant challenge in human-crewed exploration space missions. In this review, we provide an overview of alterations in the behavior of cutaneous cell lineages under microgravity in regard to the impact of apoptosis in wound healing. We discuss the current knowledge about wound healing in space and simulated microgravity with respect to apoptosis and available therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Riwaldt
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, University Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Thomas J. Corydon
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Desiré Pantalone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Petra Wise
- The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Markus Wehland
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, University Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Research Group “Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt-und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen” (MARS), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Krüger
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, University Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Research Group “Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt-und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen” (MARS), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Melnik
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, University Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sascha Kopp
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, University Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Research Group “Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt-und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen” (MARS), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Infanger
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, University Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Research Group “Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt-und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen” (MARS), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Grimm
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, University Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Research Group “Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt-und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen” (MARS), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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4
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Ludwig S, Sharma P, Wise P, Sposto R, Hollingshead D, Lamb J, Lang S, Fabbri M, Whiteside TL. mRNA and miRNA Profiles of Exosomes from Cultured Tumor Cells Reveal Biomarkers Specific for HPV16-Positive and HPV16-Negative Head and Neck Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8570. [PMID: 33202950 PMCID: PMC7698015 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV)(+) and HPV(-) head and neck cancer (HNC) cells' interactions with the host immune system are poorly understood. Recently, we identified molecular and functional differences in exosomes produced by HPV(+) vs. HPV(-) cells, suggesting that genetic cargos of exosomes might identify novel biomarkers in HPV-related HNCs. Exosomes were isolated by size exclusion chromatography from supernatants of three HPV(+) and two HPV(-) HNC cell lines. Paired cell lysates and exosomes were analyzed for messenger RNA (mRNA) by qRT-PCR and microRNA (miR) contents by nanostring analysis. The mRNA profiles of HPV(+) vs. HPV(-) cells were distinct, with EGFR, TP53 and HSPA1A/B overexpressed in HPV(+) cells and IL6, FAS and DPP4 in HPV(-) cells. The mRNA profiles of HPV(+) or HPV(-) exosomes resembled the cargo of their parent cells. miR expression profiles in cell lysates identified 8 miRs expressed in HPV(-) cells vs. 14 miRs in HPV(+) cells. miR-205-5p was exclusively expressed in HPV(+) exosomes, and miR-1972 was only detected in HPV(-) exosomes. We showed that HPV(+) and HPV(-) exosomes recapitulated the mRNA expression profiles of their parent cells. Expression of miRs was dependent on the HPV status, and miR-205-5p in HPV(+) and miR-1972 in HPV(-) exosomes emerge as potential discriminating HPV-associated biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Ludwig
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany;
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
| | - Priyanka Sharma
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
| | - Petra Wise
- Department of Pediatrics, Children′s Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases and Divisions of Hematology, Oncology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; (P.W.); (R.S.)
| | - Richard Sposto
- Department of Pediatrics, Children′s Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases and Divisions of Hematology, Oncology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; (P.W.); (R.S.)
| | - Deborah Hollingshead
- Genomics Research Core, University of Pittsburgh School of the Health Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (D.H.); (J.L.)
| | - Janette Lamb
- Genomics Research Core, University of Pittsburgh School of the Health Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (D.H.); (J.L.)
| | - Stephan Lang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany;
| | - Muller Fabbri
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawai’i Cancer Center, University of Hawai’i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA;
| | - Theresa L. Whiteside
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
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Johnson IRD, Nguyen CT, Wise P, Grimm D. Implications of Altered Endosome and Lysosome Biology in Space Environments. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218205. [PMID: 33147843 PMCID: PMC7663135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Space exploration poses multiple challenges for mankind, not only on a technical level but also to the entire physiology of the space traveller. The human system must adapt to several environmental stressors, microgravity being one of them. Lysosomes are ubiquitous to every cell and essential for their homeostasis, playing significant roles in the regulation of autophagy, immunity, and adaptation of the organism to changes in their environment, to name a few. Dysfunction of the lysosomal system leads to age-related diseases, for example bone loss, reduced immune response or cancer. As these conditions have been shown to be accelerated following exposure to microgravity, this review elucidates the lysosomal response to real and simulated microgravity. Microgravity activates the endo-lysosomal system, with resulting impacts on bone loss, muscle atrophy and stem cell differentiation. The investigation of lysosomal adaptation to microgravity can be beneficial in the search for new biomarkers or therapeutic approaches to several disease pathologies on earth as well as the potential to mitigate pathophysiology during spaceflight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian R. D. Johnson
- Research in Space Environments Group, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Catherine T. Nguyen
- Research in Space Environments Group, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
| | - Petra Wise
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA;
| | - Daniela Grimm
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany;
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Chin R, Roy A, Pedersen K, Hunt S, Mutch M, Glasgow S, Silviera M, Wise P, Smith R, Wang-Gillam A, Tan B, Lim K, Suresh R, Amin M, Roach M, Badiyan S, Henke L, Kim H. Complete Clinical Response after Short-course Radiation and Sequential Multi-agent Chemotherapy for Non-operative Treatment of Rectal Adenocarcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.2163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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7
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Roy A, Chin R, Chapman W, Bauer P, Mahkdoom B, Hunt S, Glasgow S, Silviera M, Mutch M, Wise P, Smith R, Roach M, Badiyan S, Henke L, Kim H. Baseline Lymphocyte Counts Do Not Predict Oncologic Outcomes and Survival in Patients Receiving Short Course Total Neoadjuvant Therapy for Rectal Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.1916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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McLennan EA, Grueber CE, Wise P, Belov K, Hogg CJ. Mixing genetically differentiated populations successfully boosts diversity of an endangered carnivore. Anim Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. A. McLennan
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - C. E. Grueber
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
- San Diego Zoo Global San Diego CA USA
| | - P. Wise
- Save the Tasmanian Devil Program, DPIPWE Hobart Tas Australia
| | - K. Belov
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - C. J. Hogg
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
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Strauch SM, Grimm D, Corydon TJ, Krüger M, Bauer J, Lebert M, Wise P, Infanger M, Richter P. Current knowledge about the impact of microgravity on the proteome. Expert Rev Proteomics 2018; 16:5-16. [PMID: 30451542 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2019.1550362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Microgravity (µg) is an extreme stressor for plants, animals, and humans and influences biological systems. Humans in space experience various health problems during and after a long-term stay in orbit. Various studies have demonstrated structural alterations and molecular biological changes within the cellular milieu of plants, bacteria, microorganisms, animals, and cells. These data were obtained by proteomics investigations applied in gravitational biology to elucidate changes in the proteome occurring when cells or organisms were exposed to real µg (r-µg) and simulated µg (s-µg). Areas covered: In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the impact of µg on the proteome in plants, animals, and human cells. The literature suggests that µg impacts the proteome and thus various biological processes such as angiogenesis, apoptosis, cell adhesion, cytoskeleton, extracellular matrix proteins, migration, proliferation, stress response, and signal transduction. The changes in cellular function depend on the respective cell type. Expert commentary: This data is important for the topics of gravitational biology, tissue engineering, cancer research, and translational regenerative medicine. Moreover, it may provide new ideas for countermeasures to protect the health of future space travelers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian M Strauch
- a Department of Biology, Cell Biology , Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg , Erlangen , Germany
| | - Daniela Grimm
- b Department of Biomedicine , Aarhus University , Aarhus C , Denmark.,c Clinic and Policlinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery , Otto-von-Guericke-University , Magdeburg , Germany.,d Gravitational Biology and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Mechanical Engineering , Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg , Magdeburg , Germany
| | - Thomas J Corydon
- b Department of Biomedicine , Aarhus University , Aarhus C , Denmark.,e Department of Ophthalmology , Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus C , Denmark
| | - Marcus Krüger
- c Clinic and Policlinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery , Otto-von-Guericke-University , Magdeburg , Germany
| | - Johann Bauer
- f Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Information Retrieval Services , Martinsried , Germany
| | - Michael Lebert
- a Department of Biology, Cell Biology , Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg , Erlangen , Germany
| | - Petra Wise
- g Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, AXIS Center , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Manfred Infanger
- c Clinic and Policlinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery , Otto-von-Guericke-University , Magdeburg , Germany
| | - Peter Richter
- a Department of Biology, Cell Biology , Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg , Erlangen , Germany
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Grimm D, Egli M, Krüger M, Riwaldt S, Corydon TJ, Kopp S, Wehland M, Wise P, Infanger M, Mann V, Sundaresan A. Tissue Engineering Under Microgravity Conditions-Use of Stem Cells and Specialized Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2018; 27:787-804. [PMID: 29596037 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2017.0242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Experimental cell research studying three-dimensional (3D) tissues in space and on Earth using new techniques to simulate microgravity is currently a hot topic in Gravitational Biology and Biomedicine. This review will focus on the current knowledge of the use of stem cells and specialized cells for tissue engineering under simulated microgravity conditions. We will report on recent advancements in the ability to construct 3D aggregates from various cell types using devices originally created to prepare for spaceflights such as the random positioning machine (RPM), the clinostat, or the NASA-developed rotating wall vessel (RWV) bioreactor, to engineer various tissues such as preliminary vessels, eye tissue, bone, cartilage, multicellular cancer spheroids, and others from different cells. In addition, stem cells had been investigated under microgravity for the purpose to engineer adipose tissue, cartilage, or bone. Recent publications have discussed different changes of stem cells when exposed to microgravity and the relevant pathways involved in these biological processes. Tissue engineering in microgravity is a new technique to produce organoids, spheroids, or tissues with and without scaffolds. These 3D aggregates can be used for drug testing studies or for coculture models. Multicellular tumor spheroids may be interesting for radiation experiments in the future and to reduce the need for in vivo experiments. Current achievements using cells from patients engineered on the RWV or on the RPM represent an important step in the advancement of techniques that may be applied in translational Regenerative Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Grimm
- 1 Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University , Aarhus C, Denmark .,2 Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University , Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Marcel Egli
- 3 Institute of Medical Engineering, Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts , Hergiswil, Switzerland
| | - Marcus Krüger
- 2 Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University , Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Riwaldt
- 1 Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University , Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Thomas J Corydon
- 1 Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University , Aarhus C, Denmark .,4 Department of Ophthalmology, Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sascha Kopp
- 2 Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University , Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Markus Wehland
- 2 Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University , Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Petra Wise
- 5 Hematology/Oncology, University of Southern California , Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Manfred Infanger
- 2 Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University , Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Vivek Mann
- 6 Department of Biology, Texas Southern University , Houston, Texas
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11
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Bendtsen MAF, Grimm D, Bauer J, Wehland M, Wise P, Magnusson NE, Infanger M, Krüger M. Hypertension Caused by Lenvatinib and Everolimus in the Treatment of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081736. [PMID: 28796163 PMCID: PMC5578126 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Multikinase inhibitors (MKI) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors prolong progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) by reducing angiogenesis and tumor growth. In this regard, the MKI lenvatinib and the mTOR inhibitor everolimus proved effective when applied alone, but more effective when they were administered combined. Recently, both drugs were included in clinical trials, resulting in international clinical guidelines for the treatment of mRCC. In May 2016, lenvatinib was approved by the American Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the use in combination with everolimus, as treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma following one prior antiangiogenic therapy. A major problem of treating mRCC with lenvatinib and everolimus is the serious adverse event (AE) of arterial hypertension. During the treatment with everolimus and lenvatinib combined, 42% of the patients developed hypertension, while 10% of the patients treated with everolimus alone and 48% of the of the lenvatinib only treated patients developed hypertension. Lenvatinib carries warnings and precautions for hypertension, cardiac failure, and other adverse events. Therefore, careful monitoring of the patients is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniela Grimm
- Institute of Biomedicine, Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 4, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Johann Bauer
- Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany.
| | - Markus Wehland
- Clinic and Policlinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Petra Wise
- Hematology/Oncology, University of Southern California, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd. MS #57, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA.
| | - Nils E Magnusson
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Nørrebrogade 44, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Manfred Infanger
- Clinic and Policlinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Marcus Krüger
- Clinic and Policlinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
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12
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Bauer J, Bussen M, Wise P, Wehland M, Schneider S, Grimm D. Searching the literature for proteins facilitates the identification of biological processes, if advanced methods of analysis are linked: a case study on microgravity-caused changes in cells. Expert Rev Proteomics 2016; 13:697-705. [DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2016.1197775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Johann Bauer
- Informationsvermittlung, Max-Planck Institute for Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Markus Bussen
- Lifescience, Elsevier Information System GmbH, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Petra Wise
- Hematology/Oncology, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Markus Wehland
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Schneider
- Informationsvermittlung, Max-Planck Institute for Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Daniela Grimm
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Biomedicine, Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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13
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Fabbri M, Wise P, Murtadha M, Neviani P, Challagundla K. Role of Exosomic MicroRNAs in Cancer Cell Cross‐Talk within the Tumor Microenvironment. FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.221.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muller Fabbri
- Hematology Oncology Children's Hospital Los Angeles‐‐ University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUnited States
| | - Petra Wise
- Hematology Oncology Children's Hospital Los Angeles‐‐ University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUnited States
| | - Mariam Murtadha
- Hematology Oncology Children's Hospital Los Angeles‐‐ University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUnited States
| | - Paolo Neviani
- Hematology Oncology Children's Hospital Los Angeles‐‐ University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUnited States
| | - Kishore Challagundla
- Hematology Oncology Children's Hospital Los Angeles‐‐ University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUnited States
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14
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Xia M, Viera-Hutchins L, Garcia-Lloret M, Noval Rivas M, Wise P, McGhee SA, Chatila ZK, Daher N, Sioutas C, Chatila TA. Vehicular exhaust particles promote allergic airway inflammation through an aryl hydrocarbon receptor-notch signaling cascade. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 136:441-53. [PMID: 25825216 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traffic-related particulate matter (PM) has been linked to a heightened incidence of asthma and allergic diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms by which PM exposure promotes allergic diseases remain elusive. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the expression, function, and regulation of pathways involved in promotion of allergic airway inflammation by PM. METHODS We used gene expression transcriptional profiling, in vitro culture assays, and in vivo murine models of allergic airway inflammation. RESULTS We identified components of the Notch pathway, most notably Jagged 1 (Jag1), as targets of PM induction in human monocytes and murine dendritic cells. PM, especially ultrafine particles, upregulated TH cytokine levels, IgE production, and allergic airway inflammation in mice in a Jag1- and Notch-dependent manner, especially in the context of the proasthmatic IL-4 receptor allele Il4raR576. PM-induced Jag1 expression was mediated by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), which bound to and activated AhR response elements in the Jag1 promoter. Pharmacologic antagonism of AhR or its lineage-specific deletion in CD11c(+) cells abrogated the augmentation of airway inflammation by PM. CONCLUSION PM activates an AhR-Jag1-Notch cascade to promote allergic airway inflammation in concert with proasthmatic alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingcan Xia
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Loida Viera-Hutchins
- Division of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Maria Garcia-Lloret
- Division of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Magali Noval Rivas
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Petra Wise
- Department of Hematology/Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Sean A McGhee
- Division of Immunology & Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Zena K Chatila
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Nancy Daher
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Constantinos Sioutas
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Talal A Chatila
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
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15
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Challagundla KB, Fanini F, Vannini I, Wise P, Murtadha M, Malinconico L, Cimmino A, Fabbri M. microRNAs in the tumor microenvironment: solving the riddle for a better diagnostics. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2015; 14:565-74. [PMID: 24844135 DOI: 10.1586/14737159.2014.922879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
miRNAs are small noncoding RNAs with gene regulatory functions, frequently dysregulated in human cancers. Specific signatures of differentially expressed miRNAs can be used in the diagnosis of cancer and in some cases harbor prognostic implications. The biology of cancer is dictated not only by cancer cells but also by the surrounding tumor microenvironment. In particular, the role of miRNAs within the tumor microenvironment is emerging as of paramount importance. This review will focus on the current knowledge of the role of miRNAs and both cellular and stromal components of the tumor microenvironment. We will also discuss more recent findings, showing that miRNAs can be found inside of exosomes and mediate the cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding cells, leading to the discovery of new fascinating molecular mechanisms leading to a better understanding of the cancer 'niche' and how these noncoding RNAs can become very promising diagnostic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishore B Challagundla
- Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Saban Research Institute, Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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16
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Grimm D, Pietsch J, Wehland M, Richter P, Strauch SM, Lebert M, Magnusson NE, Wise P, Bauer J. The impact of microgravity-based proteomics research. Expert Rev Proteomics 2014; 11:465-76. [DOI: 10.1586/14789450.2014.926221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Grimm
- Institute of Biomedicine, Pharmacology, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jessica Pietsch
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Markus Wehland
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Peter Richter
- Department of Biology, Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian M Strauch
- Department of Biology, Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Lebert
- Department of Biology, Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nils Erik Magnusson
- Medical Research Laboratories, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Petra Wise
- Hematology/Oncology, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Johann Bauer
- Max-Planck Institute for Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
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17
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Grimm D, Wehland M, Pietsch J, Aleshcheva G, Wise P, van Loon J, Ulbrich C, Magnusson NE, Infanger M, Bauer J. Growing tissues in real and simulated microgravity: new methods for tissue engineering. Tissue Eng Part B Rev 2014; 20:555-66. [PMID: 24597549 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2013.0704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering in simulated (s-) and real microgravity (r-μg) is currently a topic in Space medicine contributing to biomedical sciences and their applications on Earth. The principal aim of this review is to highlight the advances and accomplishments in the field of tissue engineering that could be achieved by culturing cells in Space or by devices created to simulate microgravity on Earth. Understanding the biology of three-dimensional (3D) multicellular structures is very important for a more complete appreciation of in vivo tissue function and advancing in vitro tissue engineering efforts. Various cells exposed to r-μg in Space or to s-μg created by a random positioning machine, a 2D-clinostat, or a rotating wall vessel bioreactor grew in the form of 3D tissues. Hence, these methods represent a new strategy for tissue engineering of a variety of tissues, such as regenerated cartilage, artificial vessel constructs, and other organ tissues as well as multicellular cancer spheroids. These aggregates are used to study molecular mechanisms involved in angiogenesis, cancer development, and biology and for pharmacological testing of, for example, chemotherapeutic drugs or inhibitors of neoangiogenesis. Moreover, they are useful for studying multicellular responses in toxicology and radiation biology, or for performing coculture experiments. The future will show whether these tissue-engineered constructs can be used for medical transplantations. Unveiling the mechanisms of microgravity-dependent molecular and cellular changes is an up-to-date requirement for improving Space medicine and developing new treatment strategies that can be translated to in vivo models while reducing the use of laboratory animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Grimm
- 1 Institute of Biomedicine, Pharmacology, Aarhus University , Aarhus, Denmark
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18
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Wildgruber R, Weber G, Wise P, Grimm D, Bauer J. Free-flow electrophoresis in proteome sample preparation. Proteomics 2013; 14:629-36. [PMID: 24123730 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201300253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
An aim of proteome research is to identify the entire complement of proteins expressed in defined cell types of humans, animals, plants, and microorganisms. The approach requires searching for low abundant or even rarely expressed proteins in many cell types, as well as the determination of the protein expression levels in subcellular compartments and organelles. In recent years, rather powerful MS technologies have been developed. At this stage of MS device development, it is of highest interest to purify intact cell types or isolate subcellular compartments, where the proteins of interest are originating from, which determine the final composition of a peptide mixture. Free-flow electrophoresis proved to be useful to prepare meaningful peptide mixtures because of its improved capabilities in particle electrophoresis and the enhanced resolution in protein separation. Sample preparation by free-flow electrophoresis mediated particle separation was preferentially performed for purification of either organelles and their subspecies or major protein complexes. Especially, the introduction of isotachophoresis and interval zone electrophoresis improved the purity of the gained analytes of interest. In addition, free-flow IEF proved to be helpful, when proteins of low solubility, obtained, e.g. from cell membranes, were investigated.
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19
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Noval Rivas M, Burton OT, Wise P, Zhang YQ, Hobson SA, Garcia Lloret M, Chehoud C, Kuczynski J, DeSantis T, Warrington J, Hyde ER, Petrosino JF, Gerber GK, Bry L, Oettgen HC, Mazmanian SK, Chatila TA. A microbiota signature associated with experimental food allergy promotes allergic sensitization and anaphylaxis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012. [PMID: 23201093 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Commensal microbiota play a critical role in maintaining oral tolerance. The effect of food allergy on the gut microbial ecology remains unknown. OBJECTIVE We sought to establish the composition of the gut microbiota in experimental food allergy and its role in disease pathogenesis. METHODS Food allergy-prone mice with a gain-of-function mutation in the IL-4 receptor α chain (Il4raF709) and wild-type (WT) control animals were subjected to oral sensitization with chicken egg ovalbumin (OVA). Enforced tolerance was achieved by using allergen-specific regulatory T (Treg) cells. Community structure analysis of gut microbiota was performed by using a high-density 16S rDNA oligonucleotide microarrays (PhyloChip) and massively parallel pyrosequencing of 16S rDNA amplicons. RESULTS OVA-sensitized Il4raF709 mice exhibited a specific microbiota signature characterized by coordinate changes in the abundance of taxa of several bacterial families, including the Lachnospiraceae, Lactobacillaceae, Rikenellaceae, and Porphyromonadaceae. This signature was not shared by similarly sensitized WT mice, which did not exhibit an OVA-induced allergic response. Treatment of OVA-sensitized Il4raF709 mice with OVA-specific Treg cells led to a distinct tolerance-associated signature coincident with the suppression of the allergic response. The microbiota of allergen-sensitized Il4raF709 mice differentially promoted OVA-specific IgE responses and anaphylaxis when reconstituted in WT germ-free mice. CONCLUSION Mice with food allergy exhibit a specific gut microbiota signature capable of transmitting disease susceptibility and subject to reprogramming by enforced tolerance. Disease-associated microbiota may thus play a pathogenic role in food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Noval Rivas
- Division of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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20
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Lundstrom JN, Gordon AR, Wise P, Frasnelli J. Individual Differences in the Chemical Senses: Is There a Common Sensitivity? Chem Senses 2012; 37:371-8. [DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjr114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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21
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Pietsch J, Bauer J, Egli M, Infanger M, Wise P, Ulbrich C, Grimm D. The effects of weightlessness on the human organism and mammalian cells. Curr Mol Med 2011; 11:350-64. [PMID: 21568935 DOI: 10.2174/156652411795976600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
It has always been a desire of mankind to conquest Space. A major step in realizing this dream was the completion of the International Space Station (ISS). Living there for several months confirmed early observations of short-term spaceflights that a loss of gravity affects the health of astronauts. Space medicine tries to understand the mechanism of microgravity-induced health problems and to conceive potent countermeasures. There are four different aspects which make space medicine appealing: i) finding better strategies for adapting astronauts to weightlessness; ii) identification of microgravity-induced diseases (e.g. osteoporosis, muscle atrophy, cardiac problems and others); iii) defining new therapies to conquer these diseases which will benefit astronauts as well as people on Earth in the end; and iv) on top of that, unveiling the mechanisms of weightlessness-dependent molecular and cellular changes is a requirement for improving space medicine. In mammalian cells, microgravity induces apoptosis and alters the cytoskeleton and affects signal transduction pathways, cell differentiation, growth, proliferation, migration and adhesion. This review focused on gravi-sensitive signal transduction elements and pathways as well as molecular mechanisms in human cells, aiming to understand the cellular changes in altered gravity. Moreover, the latest information on how these changes lead to clinically relevant health problems and current strategies of countermeasures are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pietsch
- FU-Berlin, Division of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Berlin, Germany
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22
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Abstract
For medical and biotechnological reasons, it is important to study mammalian cells, animals, bacteria and plants exposed to simulated and real microgravity. It is necessary to detect the cellular changes that cause the medical problems often observed in astronauts, cosmonauts or animals returning from prolonged space missions. In order for in vitro tissue engineering under microgravity conditions to succeed, the features of the cell that change need to be known. In this article, we summarize current knowledge about the effects of microgravity on the proteome in different cell types. Many studies suggest that the effects of microgravity on major cell functions depend on the responding cell type. Here, we discuss and speculate how and why the proteome responds to microgravity, focusing on proteomic discoveries and their future potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Grimm
- Department of Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 4, DK-8000 Århus C, Denmark.
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23
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Faircloth DC, Lawrie S, Letchford AP, Gabor C, Wise P, Whitehead M, Wood T, Westall M, Findlay D, Perkins M, Savage PJ, Lee DA, Pozimski JK. The front end test stand high performance H- ion source at Rutherford Appleton Laboratory. Rev Sci Instrum 2010; 81:02A721. [PMID: 20192390 DOI: 10.1063/1.3271169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the front end test stand (FETS) project is to demonstrate that chopped low energy beams of high quality can be produced. FETS consists of a 60 mA Penning Surface Plasma Ion Source, a three solenoid low energy beam transport, a 3 MeV radio frequency quadrupole, a chopper, and a comprehensive suite of diagnostics. This paper details the design and initial performance of the ion source and the laser profile measurement system. Beam current, profile, and emittance measurements are shown for different operating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Faircloth
- STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX14 0QX, United Kingdom.
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Boado RJ, Li JY, Chu C, Ogoshi F, Wise P, Pardridge WM. Site-directed mutagenesis of cysteine residues of large neutral amino acid transporter LAT1. Biochim Biophys Acta 2005; 1715:104-10. [PMID: 16125134 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2005.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2005] [Revised: 07/16/2005] [Accepted: 07/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The large neutral amino acid transporter type 1, LAT1, is the principal neutral amino acid transporter expressed at the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Owing to the high affinity (low Km) of the LAT1 isoform, BBB amino acid transport in vivo is very sensitive to transport competition effects induced by hyperaminoacidemias, such as phenylketonuria. The low Km of LAT1 is a function of specific amino acid residues, and the transporter is comprised of 12 phylogenetically conserved cysteine (Cys) residues. LAT1 is highly sensitive to inhibition by inorganic mercury, but the specific cysteine residue(s) of LAT1 that account for the mercury sensitivity is not known. LAT1 forms a heterodimer with the 4F2hc heavy chain, which are joined by a disulfide bond between Cys160 of LAT1 and Cys110 of 4F2hc. The present studies use site-directed mutagenesis to convert each of the 12 cysteines of LAT1 and each of the 2 cysteines of 4F2hc into serine residues. Mutation of the cysteine residues of the 4F2hc heavy chain of the hetero-dimeric transporter did not affect transporter activity. The wild type LAT1 was inhibited by HgCl2 with a Ki of 0.56+/-0.11 microM. The inhibitory effect of HgCl2 for all 12 LAT1 Cys mutants was examined. However, except for the C439S mutant, the inhibition by HgCl2 for 11 of the 12 Cys mutants was comparable to the wild type transporter. Mutation of only 2 of the 12 cysteine residues of the LAT1 light chain, Cys88 and Cys439, altered amino acid transport. The Vmax was decreased 50% for the C88S mutant. A kinetic analysis of the C439S mutant could not be performed because transporter activity was not significantly above background. Confocal microscopy showed the C439S LAT1 mutant was not effectively transferred to the oocyte plasma membrane. These studies show that the Cys439 residue of LAT1 plays a significant role in either folding or insertion of the transporter protein in the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben J Boado
- Department of Medicine, UCLA Warren Hall 13-164, 900 Veteran Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA.
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25
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Jachimczak P, Apfel R, Bosserhoff AK, Fabel K, Hau P, Tschertner I, Wise P, Schlingensiepen KH, Schuler-Thurner B, Bogdahn U. Inhibition of immunosuppressive effects of melanoma-inhibiting activity (MIA) by antisense techniques. Int J Cancer 2004; 113:88-92. [PMID: 15386421 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.20549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma inhibitory activity (MIA) is an 11 kD protein secreted by malignant melanomas. Recent studies revealed an interaction of MIA with epitopes of extracellular matrix proteins including fibronectin. Structural homology of MIA with the binding sites of alpha4beta1 integrin results in complex interactions of MIA with molecules binding to alpha4beta1 integrin. As cells of the immune system express alpha4beta1 integrins (VLA-4), we investigated whether MIA may modulate the function of human leukocytes. Here we describe the effects of MIA on the activation of human PBMCs and auto-/allogeneic lymphokine-activated killer cell (LAK) cytotoxicity in human MIA-negative glioma cell lines and MIA-positive melanoma cell lines in vitro. MIA inhibits PHA- or IL-2-induced human PBMC proliferation in a dose-dependent manner up to 63% ((3)H-Tdr incorporation) and 59% (cell count), respectively, when added to the cell culture prior to mitogen stimulation. In addition, both autologous (GL and HW) and allogeneic (HTZ-17, HTZ-243 and HTZ-374) antitumor LAK cytotoxicity was reduced by the addition of exogenous rhMIA (500 ng/ml, f.c.). Consequently, endogenous inhibition of MIA expression in human melanoma cells by MIA-specific phosphorothioate antisense oligonucleotides enhanced the autologous LAK-cell activity to the same level as observed in MIA-negative human HMB melanoma cells expressing an MIA-antisense construct. Our results indicate that MIA may contribute to immunosuppression frequently seen in malignant melanomas by inhibiting cellular antitumor immune reactions. Antagonization of MIA activity using antisense techniques may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for treatment of malignant melanomas.
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26
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Boado RJ, Li JY, Wise P, Pardridge WM. Human LAT1 single nucleotide polymorphism N230K does not alter phenylalanine transport. Mol Genet Metab 2004; 83:306-11. [PMID: 15589117 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2004.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2004] [Revised: 07/06/2004] [Accepted: 07/08/2004] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The deleterious effects on the brain of phenylketonuria are caused by the saturation of the blood-brain barrier large neutral amino acid transporter type 1 (LAT1) by high plasma phenylalanine concentrations. There is only one known single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the open reading frame of human LAT1, N230K. Site-directed mutagenesis of the wild type human LAT1 cDNA replicated the N230K SNP, and the corresponding cloned RNA encoding either the wild type or N230K human LAT1 were injected into frog oocytes. The kinetics of phenylalanine transport via either form of the human LAT1 was not significantly different. Similarly, there was no difference in the kinetics of phenylalanine transport via the wild type rabbit LAT1 or the corresponding K226N mutant of rabbit LAT1. These studies demonstrate that the only known SNP in the open reading frame of human LAT1 has no effect on the kinetics of large neutral amino acid transport via this carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben J Boado
- Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA.
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Hau P, Wise P, Bosserhoff AK, Blesch A, Jachimczak P, Tschertner I, Bogdahn U, Apfel R. Cloning and characterization of the expression pattern of a novel splice product MIA (splice) of malignant melanoma-derived growth-inhibiting activity (MIA/CD-RAP) [corrected]. J Invest Dermatol 2002; 119:562-9. [PMID: 12230496 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2002.00501.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma-inhibiting activity/cartilage-derived retinoic acid-sensitive protein, a 11 kDa protein, is mainly expressed in cartilage during embryogenesis, and is related to invasion, metastasis, and immunomodulation of melanoma and glioma cells in vivo and in vitro. Here, we describe an alternative splice product of this gene termed melanoma-inhibiting activity (splice), lacking exon 2 of the original protein. A predicted frameshift by alternate splicing results in a unique C-terminal portion of the protein. Consistent with this, a protein migrating at the predicted molecular weight of the splice form (3.5 kDa) was detected using an N-terminal specific antibody. This band was undetectable when using a C-terminal specific antibody. In addition, we describe the expression pattern of melanoma-inhibiting activity (splice) in different human tumors. Expression was shown in tissue samples of five of six primary melanomas, 11 of 12 primary sites of metastatic melanomas, 10 of 10 systemic metastases of melanomas, four of four central nervous system metastases of melanomas, six of eight primary melanoma cultures, and five of five melanoma cell lines. Only a faint signal was obtained in tissue samples of five of six naevi. Interestingly, seven of eight nonmelanocytic tissue samples and five of seven glioma cell lines showed weak expression of melanoma-inhibiting activity (splice). Approaching first functional aspects, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction showed weak expression of melanoma-inhibiting activity (splice) in relation to melanoma-inhibiting activity in nonmelanocytic and strong expression in melanocytic cells. Staining with a specific anti-serum raised against a synthetic peptide resembling the amino acid sequence of melanoma-inhibiting activity (splice) showed a more nuclear staining pattern in comparison with melanoma-inhibiting activity. Furthermore, incubation of melanoma and glioma cell cultures with transforming growth factor-beta2 showed inverse regulation of the mRNA of melanoma-inhibiting activity and melanoma-inhibiting activity (splice), both suggesting also a different function within the physiologic role of this unique family of proteins. Melanoma-inhibiting activity (splice) has no homology to any other known protein so far. Whereas the biologic function of melanoma-inhibiting activity (splice) is not clear yet, it might provide a relevant diagnostic and therapeutic tool for malignant melanomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hau
- Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
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Huycke MM, Moore D, Joyce W, Wise P, Shepard L, Kotake Y, Gilmore MS. Extracellular superoxide production by Enterococcus faecalis requires demethylmenaquinone and is attenuated by functional terminal quinol oxidases. Mol Microbiol 2001; 42:729-40. [PMID: 11722738 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2001.02638.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal commensal bacterium, Enterococcus faecalis, is unusual among prokaryotic organisms in its ability to produce substantial extracellular superoxide. Transposon mutagenesis, allelic replacement, and electron spin resonance (ESR)-spin trapping showed that superoxide production and generation of derivative hydroxyl radical were dependent on membrane-associated demethylmenaquinone. Extracellular superoxide was generated through univalent reduction of oxygen by reduced demethylmenaquinone. Moreover, extracellular superoxide production was inhibited by exogenous haematin, an essential cofactor for cytochrome bd, and by fumarate, a substrate for fumarate reductase. As integral membrane quinol oxidases, cytochrome bd and fumarate reductase redox cycle demethylmenaquinone, and are necessary for aerobic and anaerobic respiration respectively. A rat model of intestinal colonization demonstrated that conditions exist in the mammalian intestinal tract that permit a mode of respiration for E. faecalis that results in the formation of hydroxyl radical. These results identify and characterize the mechanism by which E. faecalis generates extracellular free radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Huycke
- The Muchmore Laboratories for Infectious Diseases Research, Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
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Abstract
Preterm delivery (PTD) appears to be a complex trait determined by both genetic and environmental factors. Few studies have examined genetic influence on PTD. The overall goal of our study is to examine major candidate genes of PTD and to test gene-environment interactions. Our study includes 500 preterm trios, including 500 preterm babies and their parents and 500 maternal age-matched term controls. We will perform the transmission/disequilibrium test (TDT) on candidate genes thought to be important in each of the four biological pathways of PTD: (1) decidual chorioamionotic inflammation: interleukin 1 (IL-1), IL-6, and tumour necrosis factor (TNF); (2) maternal and fetal stress: corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH); (3) uteroplacental vascular lesions: methylenetereahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR); and (4) susceptibility to environmental toxins: GSTM1, GSTT1, CYP1A1, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, NAT2, NQO1, ALDH2, and EPHX. We will also perform standard case-control analyses on the 500 preterm cases and 500 term controls to examine gene-environment interactions. The major environmental, nutritional and social factors as well as clinical variables known or suspected to be associated with PTD will be used to test for gene-environment interactions. This study integrates epidemiological and clinical data as well as genetic markers along major pathogenic pathways of PTD. The findings from this study should improve our understanding of genetic influences on PTD and gene-environment interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine, 91 E. Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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Reaney IM, Wise P, Ubic R, Breeze J, Alford NM, Iddles D, Cannell D, Price T. On the temperature coefficient of resonant frequency in microwave dielectrics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1080/01418610108214318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Zuckerman B, Sharfstein J, Wise P. Child health initiatives and journal narrow-mindedness. Lancet 2000; 356:1626. [PMID: 11089819 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(00)03154-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B Zuckerman
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, MA 02118, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The welfare reform law of 1996 marked a historical moment in US policy toward the poor by ending the entitlement to cash assistance, by requiring work, and by establishing time limits. This article examines the potential impact on the health of women and children, the primary recipients of welfare benefits. METHODS The authors outline the reproductive health outcomes most likely to be sensitive to welfare policies, identify indicators that might be used to assess these outcomes, review empirical evidence, and suggest specific methods and data sources. RESULTS State welfare requirements could improve health outcomes or deter families from Medicaid and food stamps, as well as income support, thus worsening health outcomes. National and state data may prove useful in detecting these effects; however, new data sources may be required for specific health-related questions. CONCLUSIONS Assessing the effects of welfare policies on reproductive and infant health is possible, although challenging. Reauthorization of the legislation is required in 2002; it is essential that the consequences for health be included in the next round of public debate.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Wise
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine, Mass., USA
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Wise P, Duke K. Informing patients about the PSA test: a new requirement. West J Med 1998; 169:166-7. [PMID: 9771156 PMCID: PMC1305201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine how changes in the structure of the hospital care of infants, such as shortened post-natal stays, affect the completeness of newborn screening. DESIGN Cohort. SETTING Two large maternity hospitals. PARTICIPANTS 8751 consecutive births at the study hospitals during 1993. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE The completeness of initial specimen collection and processing as determined by matching of birth and screening records. RESULTS At least one specimen was received by the screening program for 8675 (99.1%) of the births. Most non-screened patients (71/76, 93%) had been admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Of these, 53/71 (75%) were low birth weight infants who died within 48 h of birth. Even after excluding these non-survivors, NICU patients were 37 times more likely to be unscreened than their healthy counterparts (22 vs. 0.6 per 1000 infants, 95% C.I. 12.8, 92.8 P < 0.01). A common characteristic of non-screened NICU survivors, (12/18) was interhospital transfer for sub-specialty care. Among patients in the healthy-baby nursery, early discharge (i.e. < 24 h of age) accounted for 2/5 (40%) of the cases of non-screening. The non-screening rate among patients discharged early was 25 times higher than for those discharged after 24 h (9.8 vs. 0.4 per 1000 infants, 95% C.I. 4.2, 149 P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Although the overall rate of screening was high, NICU patients, especially those requiring transfer, are disproportionately at risk for non-screening. Early discharge of healthy newborns was also significantly associated with non-screening. This latter finding is of special importance given the current trend toward shorter hospital stays for newborns. Increased attention to ensuring the collection of specimens from these two high-risk populations is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Gray
- Joint Program in Neonatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Wise P, Drury M. Pharmaceutical trials in general practice: the first 100 protocols. An audit by the clinical research ethics committee of the Royal College of General Practitioners. BMJ 1996; 313:1245-8. [PMID: 8939118 PMCID: PMC2352557 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.313.7067.1245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the outcome of 100 general practice based, multicentre research projects submitted to the ethics committee of the Royal College of General Practitioners by pharmaceutical companies or their agents between 1984 and 1989. DESIGN Analysis of consecutive submitted protocols for stated objectives, study design, and outcomes; detailed review of committee minutes and correspondence in relation to amendment and approval; assessment of final reports submitted at conclusion of studies. SUBJECTS 82 finally approved protocols, embracing 34,523 proposed trial subjects and 1195 proposed general practice investigators. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Success at enrolling subjects and investigators; commencement and completion data; validity of final report's assessment of efficacy, safety, tolerability, and acceptability; and method of use and dissemination of findings. RESULTS 18 studies were not approved and 45 had to be amended. Randomised controlled trials comprised 46 of the original submissions. Remuneration considerations, inadequate information or consent sheets, pregnancy safety, the need to discontinue existing therapy, and suboptimal scientific content were major reasons for rejecting studies or asking for amendments. Of the 82 approved studies 8 were not started. Shortfalls of investigators (of 39%) and trial subjects (of 37%) and an overall 23% withdrawal rate were responsible for a significant incidence of inconclusive results. Within the six year follow up interval, only 19 of the studies had been formally published. CONCLUSIONS This audit identified substantial ethical concerns in the process of approving multicentre general practice pharmaceutical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Wise
- Royal College of General Practitioners, London
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Sharfstein J, Wise P. Cost-effectiveness of hepatitis B virus immunization. JAMA 1996; 275:908; author reply 909. [PMID: 8598611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Chavkin W, Breitbart V, Wise P. Efforts to reduce perinatal mortality, HIV, and drug addiction: surveys of the states. J Am Med Womens Assoc (1972) 1995; 50:164-6. [PMID: 7499705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Wallace HM, Micik S, Wise P. Community study of infant mortality in San Diego County. J Trop Pediatr 1994; 40:172-8. [PMID: 8078117 DOI: 10.1093/tropej/40.3.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Infant mortality in San Diego County (USA) in 1988 was 6.9 per 1000 live births. This rate had remained unchanged since 1980. It rose to 8.3 in 1989 and fell to 7.0 in 1990. This study describes the results of an investigation into the causes of infant mortality during 1985. A total of 333 infant deaths were recorded. Nearly half the neonatal deaths were related to perinatal causes and more than half the post-neonatal deaths were attributed to the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. Two-thirds of all infant deaths occurred in the neonatal period. The contribution of factors in the maternal background and those related to care during labour, as well as postnatally, is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Wallace
- Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, California
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Breitbart V, Chavkin W, Layton C, Wise P. Model Programs Addressing Perinatal Drug Exposure and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: Integrating Women's and Children's Needs. Bull N Y Acad Med 1994; 71:236-251. [PMID: 19313104 PMCID: PMC2359281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Many of the efforts to address perinatal drug exposure and human immunodeficiency virus infection have been influenced by a perspective of conflict between the interests of mother and infant. This article highlights several programs that integrate women's and children's services while dealing with these health issues. It discusses the challenges encountered by these programs, such as funding restrictions, institutional barriers, professional attitudes, regulatory constraints, and local political issues. It presents strategies for overcoming these barriers including the creative coordination of funding streams, innovative relationships with child protective agencies, effective collaboration with other agencies, and advocacy on behalf of clients and programs, and makes recommendations for certain policy changes, which could foster the development of programs that serve women and children together.
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Wise P. Male infertility update. West J Med 1991; 155:635-6. [PMID: 1812637 PMCID: PMC1003119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Twardowski A, Pakula K, Perez I, Wise P, Crow JE. Magnetoreflectance and magnetization of the semimagnetic semiconductor Cd1-xFexSe. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1990; 42:7567-7575. [PMID: 9994903 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.42.7567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Abstract
The effect of oral spironolactone (200 mg daily) on acne vulgaris has been studied in 21 women in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover study using 3 month treatment periods. Compared with placebo, spironolactone produced significant improvement as assessed by subjective benefit (P less than 0. 001), number of inflamed lesions (P less than 0 . 001) and by an independently evaluated photographic method (P less than 0 .02). There was a fall in sex hormone binding globulin but no significant changes in plasma testosterone and derived free testosterone. Initial plasma androgen levels were no higher in responders than in non-responders, nor did oral contraceptive use appear to affect clinical response. Spironolactone is a useful alternative therapy for women with acne vulgaris.
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Dorrington-Ward P, McCartney AC, Holland S, Scully J, Carter G, Alaghband-Zadeh J, Wise P. The effect of spironolactone on hirsutism and female androgen metabolism. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1985; 23:161-7. [PMID: 4053414 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.1985.tb00211.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
An objective evaluation of the anti-androgen effects of spironolactone was performed in a consecutive series of 12 hirsute patients receiving a daily dose of 150 mg; nine completed the study. Using a computer assisted image analyser, hair diameter on two weekly shavings decreased significantly over a 12 month period in three of the patients, although growth rate and mean diameter did not change in the group as a whole. Plasma testosterone fell significantly to a mean of 53% of basal levels. The mean free testosterone (derived) fell significantly to 64% of basal by the sixth month (P = less than 0.005) and remained significantly depressed the remainder of the study. There was subjective benefit in hair growth and greasiness and a significant reduction in the semi-objective Ferriman-Gallwey index in nine of 10 subjects assessed for at least 9 months. We conclude that although spironolactone was not consistently successful, it may represent effective therapy for a sub group of patients with hirsutism.
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Stewart T, Rochon J, Lenfestey R, Wise P. Correlation of stress with outcome of radioiodine therapy for Graves' disease. J Nucl Med 1985; 26:592-9. [PMID: 3839012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Between November 1965 and December 1983, 293 patients were treated for Graves' disease using 131I. All patients were asked to identify a stressful event antedating the onset of overt clinical symptoms. Eighty-one patients were able to do this (27.6%). Six patients were lost to follow-up, the others were followed from 1 to 155 mo. Two hundred forty-four patients received a single treatment, 49 required two or more treatments. Stress and nonstress individuals were consistent with respect to age, sex, number of treatments and the dose of radioiodine. Patients with stress initiating the symptoms of Graves' disease became hypothyroid earlier, 50% at 12 mo compared with 36 mo for the nonstress group, p = 0.01. At 10 yr 5% of the stress group remained euthyroid compared with 17% nonstress. We conclude that stress in the 12 mo or less before the onset of clinical symptoms potentiates the development of hypothyroidism induced by a standard dose of radioiodine.
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Goodfellow A, Alaghband-Zadeh J, Carter G, Cream JJ, Holland S, Scully J, Wise P. Oral spironolactone improves acne vulgaris and reduces sebum excretion. Br J Dermatol 1984; 111:209-14. [PMID: 6235834 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1984.tb04045.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In a consecutive series of thirty-six male and female patients referred with severe acne, the effect of 3 months' treatment with placebo or spironolactone (50-200 mg daily) on sebum excretion and clinical and endocrine status was evaluated double-blind. Twenty-six patients completed the study. Abnormal free androgen indices were found in 27% of the original nineteen female subjects. Spironolactone reduced sebum excretion in all female subjects, but there was no correlation between sebum response and androgen status. The clinical response was dose-dependent, with maximum subjective and objective benefit when spironolactone doses of 150-200 mg were used.
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Rayman G, Dorrington-Ward P, Ellwood-Russell M, Wise P. Simple, economical and effective home blood glucose monitoring. Practitioner 1984; 228:191-4. [PMID: 6701148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Smith SJ, MacGregor GA, Markandu ND, Bayliss J, Banks RA, Prentice MG, Dorrington-Ward P, Wise P. Evidence that patients with Addison's disease are undertreated with fludrocortisone. Lancet 1984; 1:11-4. [PMID: 6140341 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(84)90181-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Ten patients with Addison's disease, nine with undetectable plasma aldosterone, were found to be sodium and water depleted with high levels of plasma-renin activity despite receiving 0.05-0.1 mg/day of fludrocortisone and optimum doses of glucocorticoid replacement therapy. Fludrocortisone was withdrawn while patients were in hospital on a fixed sodium intake. There was an immediate natriuresis with a further increase in plasma-renin activity. When a daily dose of 0.3 mg of fludrocortisone was given all patients retained sodium and water and gained weight. There was a fall in plasma-renin activity in all patients and an associated fall in blood urea and plasma potassium, and an increase in plasma volume; oedema developed in some patients. At outpatient follow-up, the dose of fludrocortisone was adjusted according to plasma-renin activity. Most patients required 0.2 mg of fludrocortisone to maintain adequate sodium and water balance. These results suggest that patients with Addison's disease on 0.05-0.1 mg of fludrocortisone with undetectable plasma aldosterone levels are currently being undertreated with fludrocortisone. The best way of assessing sodium balance in these patients and their response to fludrocortisone is by measurement of plasma-renin activity in conjunction with 24 h urinary sodium excretion.
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Abstract
Current methods for centrifuged granulocyte procurement involve the use of an agent to produce red cell rouleaux and enhance separation of leukocytes. Hydroxyethyl starch (HES), the agent most frequently used, has the disadvantage of causing progressive volume expansion and persisting in the circulation for long periods. We therefore assessed modified fluid gelatin (MFG) as a possible replacement for HES during granulocyte collection. We found that MFG is cleared more rapidly from the circulation with no traces remaining 7 days after multiple exposure, as determined by hydroxyproline measurement. However, after four consecutive daily infusions, we measured 0.60 liters plasma expansion in four individuals tested, somewhat lower than the 0.85 liters previously reported for HES. Modified fluid gelatin causes no impairment of coagulation with normal prothrombin time (PT), partial thromboplastin time (PTT), and platelet function.
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Rayman G, Ellwood-Russell M, Spencer P, Prentice M, Rouse S, Wise P. Comparative accuracy of portable blood-glucose monitors. J R Coll Physicians Lond 1983; 17:183-6. [PMID: 6887082 PMCID: PMC5370842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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