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Cui M, Bezprozvannaya S, Hao T, Elnwasany A, Szweda LI, Liu N, Bassel-Duby R, Olson EN. Transcription factor NFYa controls cardiomyocyte metabolism and proliferation during mouse fetal heart development. Dev Cell 2023; 58:2867-2880.e7. [PMID: 37972593 PMCID: PMC11000264 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes are highly metabolic cells responsible for generating the contractile force in the heart. During fetal development and regeneration, these cells actively divide but lose their proliferative activity in adulthood. The mechanisms that coordinate their metabolism and proliferation are not fully understood. Here, we study the role of the transcription factor NFYa in developing mouse hearts. Loss of NFYa alters cardiomyocyte composition, causing a decrease in immature regenerative cells and an increase in trabecular and mature cardiomyocytes, as identified by spatial and single-cell transcriptome analyses. NFYa-deleted cardiomyocytes exhibited reduced proliferation and impaired mitochondrial metabolism, leading to cardiac growth defects and embryonic death. NFYa, interacting with cofactor SP2, activates genes linking metabolism and proliferation at the transcription level. Our study identifies a nodal role of NFYa in regulating prenatal cardiac growth and a previously unrecognized transcriptional control mechanism of heart metabolism, highlighting the importance of mitochondrial metabolism during heart development and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Svetlana Bezprozvannaya
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine and Sen. Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Tian Hao
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Abdallah Elnwasany
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Luke I Szweda
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine and Sen. Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Rhonda Bassel-Duby
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine and Sen. Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Eric N Olson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine and Sen. Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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Drake RR, Louey S, Thornburg KL. Maturation of lipid metabolism in the fetal and newborn sheep heart. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2023; 325:R809-R819. [PMID: 37867472 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00122.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
At birth, the fetus experiences a dramatic change in environment that is accompanied by a shift in myocardial fuel preference from lactate and glucose in fetal life to fatty acid oxidation after birth. We hypothesized that fatty acid metabolic machinery would mature during fetal life in preparation for this extreme metabolic transformation at birth. We quantified the pre- (94-day and 135-day gestation, term ∼147 days) and postnatal (5 ± 4 days postnatal) gene expression and protein levels for fatty acid transporters and enzymes in hearts from a precocial species, the sheep. Gene expression of fatty acid translocase (CD36), acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain 1 (ACSL1), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), hydroxy-acyl dehydrogenase (HADH), acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase (ACAT1), isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), and glycerol phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT) progressively increased through the perinatal period, whereas several genes [fatty acid transport protein 6 (FATP6), acyl-CoA synthetase long chain 3 (ACSL3), long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCAD), very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD), pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK4), phosphatidic acid phosphatase (PAP), and diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT)] were stable in fetal hearts and had high expression after birth. Protein expression of CD36 and ACSL1 progressively increased throughout the perinatal period, whereas protein expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a (fetal isoform) (CPT1a) decreased and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1b (adult isoform) (CPT1b) remained constitutively expressed. Using fluorescent-tagged long-chain fatty acids (BODIPY-C12), we demonstrated that fetal (125 ± 1 days gestation) cardiomyocytes produce 59% larger lipid droplets (P < 0.05) compared with newborn (8 ± 1 day) cardiomyocytes. These results provide novel insights into the perinatal maturation of cardiac fatty acid metabolism in a precocial species.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study characterized the previously unknown expression patterns of genes that regulate the metabolism of free fatty acids in the perinatal sheep myocardium. This study shows that the prenatal myocardium prepares for the dramatic switch from carbohydrate metabolism to near complete reliance on free fatty acids postnatally. Fetal and neonatal cardiomyocytes also demonstrate differing lipid storage mechanisms where fetal cardiomyocytes form larger lipid droplets compared with newborn cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel R Drake
- Center for Developmental Health, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Samantha Louey
- Center for Developmental Health, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Kent L Thornburg
- Center for Developmental Health, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
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Yujiao C, Meng Z, Shanshan L, Wei W, Yipeng W, Chenghong Y. Exposure to Bisphenol A induces abnormal fetal heart development by promoting ferroptosis. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2023; 255:114753. [PMID: 36933485 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bisphenol A (BPA), a common endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC), has been revealed to be closely associated with the induction of abnormal heart development, obesity, prediabetes, and other metabolic disorders. However, the underlying mechanism of maternal BPA exposure on fetal heart development abnormalities is not clear. METHODS To explore the adverse effects of BPA and its potential mechanism on heart development, C57BL/6 J mice and human cardiac AC-16 cells were used to conduct in vivo and in vitro studies. For the in vivo study, mice were exposed to low-dose BPA (40 mg/(kg·bw)) and high-dose BPA (120 mg/(kg·bw)) for 18 d during pregnancy. In vitro study, human cardiac AC-16 cells were exposed to BPA of various concentrations (0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 µM) for 24 h. Cell viability and ferroptosis were evaluated using 2,5-diphenyl-2 H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT), immunofluorescence staining, and western blotting. RESULTS In BPA-treated mice, the alterations of fetal cardiac structure were observed. Increased NK2 homeobox 5(Nkx2.5) was detected in vivo with the induction of ferroptosis, revealing that BPA induced abnormal fetal heart development. Furthermore, the results showed that SLC7A11 and SLC3A2 decreased in low- and high-dose BPA-treated groups, suggesting that system Xc- mediated BPA-induced abnormal fetal heart development via inhibiting the expression of GPX4. Observing AC-16 cells confirmed that cell viability declined significantly with various concentrations of BPA. Moreover, BPA exposure suppressed GPX4 expression by inhibiting System Xc- (the decrease of SLC3A2 and SLC7A11). Collectively, system Xc- modulating cell ferroptosis might play important in abnormal fetal heart development induced by BPA exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yujiao
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhang Meng
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li Shanshan
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wang Wei
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wang Yipeng
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Yin Chenghong
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Ye F, Lu X, van Neck R, Jones DL, Feng Q. Novel circRNA-miRNA-mRNA networks regulated by maternal exercise in fetal hearts of pregestational diabetes. Life Sci 2023; 314:121308. [PMID: 36563841 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal exercise lowers the incidence of congenital heart defects (CHDs) induced by pregestational diabetes. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of maternal exercise remain unclear. The present study aimed to identify circular RNA (circRNA), microRNA (miRNA) and mRNA networks that are regulated by maternal exercise in fetal hearts of pregestational diabetes. METHODS Pregestational diabetes was induced in adult C57BL/6 female mice by streptozotocin. The expression profiles of circRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs in E10.5 fetal hearts of offspring of control and diabetic mothers with or without exercise were analyzed using next generation sequencing. circRNA-miRNA-mRNA networks in fetal hearts were mapped and key candidate transcripts were verified by qPCR analysis. RESULTS Pregestational diabetes dysregulated the expression of 206 circRNAs, 66 miRNAs and 391 mRNAs in fetal hearts. Maternal exercise differentially regulated 188 circRNAs, 57 miRNAs and 506 mRNAs in fetal hearts of offspring of pregestational diabetes. A total of 5 circRNAs, 12 miRNAs, and 28 mRNAs were incorporated into a final maternal exercise-associated regulatory network in fetal hearts of offspring of maternal diabetes. Notably, maternal exercise normalized the dysregulated circ_0003226/circ_0015638/miR-351-5p and circ_0002768/miR-3102-3p.2-3p pairs in fetal hearts of pregestational diabetes. CONCLUSION Maternal exercise reverses the dysregulated circ_0003226/circ_0015638/miR-351-5p and circ_0002768/miR-3102-3p.2-3p pairs, and partially normalizes circRNA, miRNA, and mRNA expression profiles in fetal hearts of pregestational diabetes. These findings shed new light on the potential mechanisms of the beneficial effects of maternal exercise on the developing heart in diabetic pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Ye
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Health Science Center, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangru Lu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ryleigh van Neck
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Douglas L Jones
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Qingping Feng
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.
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Smith KLM, Swiderska A, Lock MC, Graham L, Iswari W, Choudhary T, Thomas D, Kowash HM, Desforges M, Cottrell EC, Trafford AW, Giussani DA, Galli GLJ. Chronic developmental hypoxia alters mitochondrial oxidative capacity and reactive oxygen species production in the fetal rat heart in a sex-dependent manner. J Pineal Res 2022; 73:e12821. [PMID: 35941749 PMCID: PMC9540814 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Insufficient oxygen supply (hypoxia) during fetal development leads to cardiac remodeling and a predisposition to cardiovascular disease in later life. Previous work has shown hypoxia causes oxidative stress in the fetal heart and alters the activity and expression of mitochondrial proteins in a sex-dependent manner. However, the functional effects of these modifications on mitochondrial respiration remain unknown. Furthermore, while maternal antioxidant treatments are emerging as a promising new strategy to protect the hypoxic fetus, whether these treatments convey similar protection to cardiac mitochondria in the male or female fetus has not been investigated. Therefore, using an established rat model, we measured the sex-dependent effects of gestational hypoxia and maternal melatonin treatment on fetal cardiac mitochondrial respiration, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and lipid peroxidation. Pregnant Wistar rats were subjected to normoxia or hypoxia (13% oxygen) during gestational days (GDs) 6-20 (term ~22 days) with or without melatonin treatment (5 µg/ml in maternal drinking water). On GD 20, mitochondrial aerobic respiration and H2 O2 production were measured in fetal heart tissue, together with lipid peroxidation and citrate synthase (CS) activity. Gestational hypoxia reduced maternal body weight gain (p < .01) and increased placental weight (p < .05) but had no effect on fetal weight or litter size. Cardiac mitochondria from male but not female fetuses of hypoxic pregnancy had reduced respiratory capacity at Complex II (CII) (p < .05), and an increase in H2 O2 production/O2 consumption (p < .05) without any changes in lipid peroxidation. CS activity was also unchanged in both sexes. Despite maternal melatonin treatment increasing maternal and fetal plasma melatonin concentration (p < .001), melatonin treatment had no effect on any of the mitochondrial parameters investigated. To conclude, we show that gestational hypoxia leads to ROS generation from the mitochondrial electron transport chain and affects fetal cardiac mitochondrial respiration in a sex-dependent manner. We also show that maternal melatonin treatment had no effect on these relationships, which has implications for the development of future therapies for hypoxic pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerri L. M. Smith
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Agnieszka Swiderska
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Mitchell C. Lock
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Lucia Graham
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Wulan Iswari
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Tashi Choudhary
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Donna Thomas
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Hager M. Kowash
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Michelle Desforges
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Elizabeth C. Cottrell
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Andrew W. Trafford
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Dino A. Giussani
- Department of Physiology Development and NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Gina L. J. Galli
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
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Maréchal L, Sicotte B, Caron V, Brochu M, Tremblay A. Fetal Cardiac Lipid Sensing Triggers an Early and Sex-related Metabolic Energy Switch in Intrauterine Growth Restriction. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:3295-3311. [PMID: 34245263 PMCID: PMC8530737 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is an immediate outcome of an adverse womb environment, exposing newborns to developing cardiometabolic disorders later in life. OBJECTIVE This study investigates the cardiac metabolic consequences and underlying mechanism of energy expenditure in developing fetuses under conditions of IUGR. METHODS Using an animal model of IUGR characterized by uteroplacental vascular insufficiency, mitochondrial function, gene profiling, lipidomic analysis, and transcriptional assay were determined in fetal cardiac tissue and cardiomyocytes. RESULTS IUGR fetuses exhibited an upregulation of key genes associated with fatty acid breakdown and β-oxidation (Acadvl, Acadl, Acaa2), and mitochondrial carnitine shuttle (Cpt1a, Cpt2), instigating a metabolic gene reprogramming in the heart. Induction of Ech1, Acox1, Acox3, Acsl1, and Pex11a indicated a coordinated interplay with peroxisomal β-oxidation and biogenesis mainly observed in females, suggesting sexual dimorphism in peroxisomal activation. Concurring with the sex-related changes, mitochondrial respiration rates were stronger in IUGR female fetal cardiomyocytes, accounting for enhanced adenosine 5'-triphosphate production. Mitochondrial biogenesis was induced in fetal hearts with elevated expression of Ppargc1a transcript specifically in IUGR females. Lipidomic analysis identified the accumulation of arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic, and docosapentaenoic polyunsaturated long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) in IUGR fetal hearts, which leads to nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) transcriptional activation in cardiomyocytes. Also, the enrichment of H3K27ac chromatin marks to PPARα-responsive metabolic genes in IUGR fetal hearts outlines an epigenetic control in the early metabolic energy switch. CONCLUSION This study describes a premature and sex-related remodeling of cardiac metabolism in response to an unfavorable intrauterine environment, with specific LCFAs that may serve as predictive effectors leading to IUGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïze Maréchal
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
- Research Center, CHU Ste-Justine, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Benoit Sicotte
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Véronique Caron
- Research Center, CHU Ste-Justine, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Michèle Brochu
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - André Tremblay
- Research Center, CHU Ste-Justine, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction et Fertilité, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec J2S 2M2, Canada
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Yang F, Huang L, Tso A, Wang H, Cui L, Lin L, Wang X, Ren M, Fang X, Liu J, Han Z, Chen J, Ouyang K. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors are essential for fetal-maternal connection and embryo viability. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008739. [PMID: 32320395 PMCID: PMC7176088 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) are a family of intracellular Ca2+ release channels located on the ER membrane, which in mammals consist of 3 different subtypes (IP3R1, IP3R2, and IP3R3) encoded by 3 genes, Itpr1, Itpr2, and Itpr3, respectively. Studies utilizing genetic knockout mouse models have demonstrated that IP3Rs are essential for embryonic survival in a redundant manner. Deletion of both IP3R1 and IP3R2 has been shown to cause cardiovascular defects and embryonic lethality. However, it remains unknown which cell types account for the cardiovascular defects in IP3R1 and IP3R2 double knockout (DKO) mice. In this study, we generated conditional IP3R1 and IP3R2 knockout mouse models with both genes deleted in specific cardiovascular cell lineages. Our results revealed that deletion of IP3R1 and IP3R2 in cardiomyocytes by TnT-Cre, in endothelial / hematopoietic cells by Tie2-Cre and Flk1-Cre, or in early precursors of the cardiovascular lineages by Mesp1-Cre, resulted in no phenotypes. This demonstrated that deletion of both IP3R genes in cardiovascular cell lineages cannot account for the cardiovascular defects and embryonic lethality observed in DKO mice. We then revisited and performed more detailed phenotypic analysis in DKO embryos, and found that DKO embryos developed cardiovascular defects including reduced size of aortas, enlarged cardiac chambers, as well as growth retardation at embryonic day (E) 9.5, but in varied degrees of severity. Interestingly, we also observed allantoic-placental defects including reduced sizes of umbilical vessels and reduced depth of placental labyrinth in DKO embryos, which could occur independently from other phenotypes in DKO embryos even without obvious growth retardation. Furthermore, deletion of both IP3R1 and IP3R2 by the epiblast-specific Meox2-Cre, which targets all the fetal tissues and extraembryonic mesoderm but not extraembryonic trophoblast cells, also resulted in embryonic lethality and similar allantoic-placental defects. Taken together, our results demonstrated that IP3R1 and IP3R2 play an essential and redundant role in maintaining the integrity of fetal-maternal connection and embryonic viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feili Yang
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Alexandria Tso
- University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Hong Wang
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li Cui
- University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Lizhu Lin
- University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingming Ren
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xi Fang
- University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhen Han
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- * E-mail: (ZH); (JC); (KO)
| | - Ju Chen
- University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ZH); (JC); (KO)
| | - Kunfu Ouyang
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
- * E-mail: (ZH); (JC); (KO)
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Na L, Q B, Xiumei Z, Lingzi Z, Deqin H, Xuanxuan Z, Huanhuan G, Yuan L, Xiujuan C. Research into the intervention effect of folic acid on arsenic-induced heart abnormalities in fetal rats during the periconception period. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2020; 20:139. [PMID: 32183703 PMCID: PMC7079454 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-020-01418-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of CHD is the highest among birth defects and is increasing year to year. CHD seriously harms the health of infants and young children and presents a large economic burden to families and society. The pathogenesis of CHD and preventive measures are the focus of current research. Our research aimed to explore the intervention effect of folic acid on heart abnormalities resulting from sodium arsenic (NaAsO2) exposure during the periconception period. METHODS Sixty 35-day-old female SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups with 12 rats in each group. Group A was the control group. The rats were given distilled water and ordinary chow. The rats in group B were given distilled water containing 75 mg/L NaAsO2 and ordinary chow. The rats in groups C, D, and E were given distilled water containing 75 mg/L NaAsO2 and chow containing 0.53 mg/kg, 5.3 mg/kg, and 10.6 mg/kg folic acid, respectively. The general condition of the embryos and the histopathology of the embryonic hearts were examined. The acetylation levels of histone H3K9 in heart tissues and the expression levels of Mef2C (which is related to heart development) were observed. RESULTS The embryo weight and placental weight of groups B-E were significantly lower than those of group A (P < 0.05). The heart malformation rate of the fetal rats in groups B-E was significantly higher than that of the fetal rats in group A (P < 0.05). We found that the level of H3K9 acetylation in fetal rat cardiomyocytes in groups B-E was significantly higher than that in group A (P < 0.05) and that the level of H3K9 acetylation in groups C-E was lower than that in group B (P < 0.05). The mRNA level of Mef2C in fetal rat cardiomyocytes in group B-E was significantly higher than that in group A (P < 0.05), and the mRNA level of Mef2C in groups C-E was significantly lower than that in group B (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Supplementation with folic acid during the periconception period can interfere with the toxic effects of arsenic on the heart. The mechanism may be that lowering the acetylation levels of histone H3K9 in heart tissues leads to decreased expression levels of Mef2C, which may play a protective role in heart development in fetal rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Na
- Department of the Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bai Q
- Department of the Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhao Xiumei
- Department of the Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhuang Lingzi
- Department of the Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou, China
| | - He Deqin
- Department of the Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhuang Xuanxuan
- Department of the Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou, China
| | - Guo Huanhuan
- Department of the Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lin Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Daoshan Road 18, Gulou District, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China.
| | - Chen Xiujuan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Daoshan Road 18, Gulou District, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China.
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9
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Zaunbrecher RJ, Abel AN, Beussman K, Leonard A, von Frieling-Salewsky M, Fields PA, Pabon L, Reinecke H, Yang X, Macadangdang J, Kim DH, Linke WA, Sniadecki NJ, Regnier M, Murry CE. Cronos Titin Is Expressed in Human Cardiomyocytes and Necessary for Normal Sarcomere Function. Circulation 2019; 140:1647-1660. [PMID: 31587567 PMCID: PMC6911360 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.119.039521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The giant sarcomere protein titin is important in both heart health and disease. Mutations in the gene encoding for titin (TTN) are the leading known cause of familial dilated cardiomyopathy. The uneven distribution of these mutations within TTN motivated us to seek a more complete understanding of this gene and the isoforms it encodes in cardiomyocyte (CM) sarcomere formation and function. METHODS To investigate the function of titin in human CMs, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to generate homozygous truncations in the Z disk (TTN-Z-/-) and A-band (TTN-A-/-) regions of the TTN gene in human induced pluripotent stem cells. The resulting CMs were characterized with immunostaining, engineered heart tissue mechanical measurements, and single-cell force and calcium measurements. RESULTS After differentiation, we were surprised to find that despite the more upstream mutation, TTN-Z-/--CMs had sarcomeres and visibly contracted, whereas TTN-A-/--CMs did not. We hypothesized that sarcomere formation was caused by the expression of a recently discovered isoform of titin, Cronos, which initiates downstream of the truncation in TTN-Z-/--CMs. Using a custom Cronos antibody, we demonstrate that this isoform is expressed and integrated into myofibrils in human CMs. TTN-Z-/--CMs exclusively express Cronos titin, but these cells produce lower contractile force and have perturbed myofibril bundling compared with controls expressing both full-length and Cronos titin. Cronos titin is highly expressed in human fetal cardiac tissue, and when knocked out in human induced pluripotent stem cell derived CMs, these cells exhibit reduced contractile force and myofibrillar disarray despite the presence of full-length titin. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that Cronos titin is expressed in developing human CMs and is able to support partial sarcomere formation in the absence of full-length titin. Furthermore, Cronos titin is necessary for proper sarcomere function in human induced pluripotent stem cell derived CMs. Additional investigation is necessary to understand the molecular mechanisms of this novel isoform and how it contributes to human cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J. Zaunbrecher
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Ashley N. Abel
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Kevin Beussman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Andrea Leonard
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Paul A. Fields
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Lil Pabon
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Hans Reinecke
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Xiulan Yang
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Jesse Macadangdang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Wolfgang A. Linke
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Muenster, Robert-Koch-Str. 27b, D-48149 Muenster, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung, Partner Site Goettingen, Germany
| | - Nathan J. Sniadecki
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Michael Regnier
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Charles E. Murry
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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10
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Quiñones-Lombraña A, Blanco JG. Comparative analysis of the DYRK1A-SRSF6-TNNT2 pathway in myocardial tissue from individuals with and without Down syndrome. Exp Mol Pathol 2019; 110:104268. [PMID: 31201803 PMCID: PMC6754281 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2019.104268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Down syndrome (trisomy 21) is characterized by genome-wide imbalances that result in a range of phenotypic manifestations. Altered expression of DYRK1A in the trisomic context has been linked to some Down syndrome phenotypes. DYRK1A regulates the splicing of cardiac troponin (TNNT2) through a pathway mediated by the master splicing factor SRSF6. Here, we documented the expression of the DYRK1A-SRSF6-TNNT2 pathway in a collection of myocardial samples from persons with and without Down syndrome. Results suggest that "gene dosage effect" may drive the expression of DYRK1A mRNA but has no effect on DYRK1A protein levels in trisomic myocardium. The levels of phosphorylated DYRK1A-Tyr321 tended to be higher (~35%) in myocardial samples from donors with Down syndrome. The levels of phosphorylated SRSF6 were 2.6-fold higher in trisomic myocardium. In line, the expression of fetal TNNT2 variants was higher in myocardial tissue with trisomy 21. These data provide a representative picture on the extent of inter-individual variation in myocardial DYRK1A-SRSF6-TNNT2 expression in the context of Down syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adolfo Quiñones-Lombraña
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Javier G Blanco
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, New York, United States of America.
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11
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Thompson LP, Song H, Polster BM. Fetal Programming and Sexual Dimorphism of Mitochondrial Protein Expression and Activity of Hearts of Prenatally Hypoxic Guinea Pig Offspring. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2019; 2019:7210249. [PMID: 31249648 PMCID: PMC6589217 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7210249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chronic intrauterine hypoxia is a programming stimulus of cardiovascular dysfunction. While the fetal heart adapts to the reduced oxygenation, the offspring heart becomes vulnerable to subsequent metabolic challenges as an adult. Cardiac mitochondria are key organelles responsible for an efficient energy supply but are subject to damage under hypoxic conditions. We propose that intrauterine hypoxia alters mitochondrial function as an underlying programming mechanism of contractile dysfunction in the offspring. Indices of mitochondrial function such as mitochondrial DNA content, Complex (C) I-V expression, and CI/CIV enzyme activity were measured in hearts of male and female offspring at 90 days old exposed to prenatal hypoxia (10.5% O2) for 14 d prior to term (65 d). Both left ventricular tissue and cardiomyocytes exhibited decreased mitochondrial DNA content, expression of CIV, and CI/CIV activity in male hearts. In female cardiomyocytes, hypoxia had no effect on protein expression of CI-CV nor on CI/CIV activity. This study suggests that chronic intrauterine hypoxia alters the intrinsic properties of select respiratory complexes as a programming mechanism of cardiac dysfunction in the offspring. Sex differences in mitochondrial function may underlie the increased vulnerability of age-matched males compared to females in cardiovascular disease and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loren P. Thompson
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Hong Song
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Brian M. Polster
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research, University of Maryland, Baltimore, School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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12
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Chattergoon NN, Louey S, Scanlan T, Lindgren I, Giraud GD, Thornburg KL. Thyroid hormone receptor function in maturing ovine cardiomyocytes. J Physiol 2019; 597:2163-2176. [PMID: 30770568 PMCID: PMC6462488 DOI: 10.1113/jp276874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Plasma thyroid hormone (tri-iodo-l-thyronine; T3 ) concentrations rise near the end of gestation and is known to inhibit proliferation and stimulate maturation of cardiomyocytes before birth. Thyroid hormone receptors are required for the action of thyroid hormone in fetal cardiomyocytes. Loss of thyroid hormone receptor (TR)α1 abolishes T3 signalling via extracellular signal-related kinase and Akt in fetal cardiomyocytes. The expression of TRα1 and TRβ1 in ovine fetal myocardium increases with age, although TRα1 levels always remain higher than those of TRβ1. Near term fetal cardiac myocytes are more sensitive than younger myocytes to thyroid receptor blockade by antagonist, NH3, and to the effects of TRα1/α2 short interfering RNA. Although T3 is known to abrogate ovine cardiomyocyte proliferation stimulated by insulin-like growth factor 1, this effect is mediated via the genomic action of thyroid hormone receptors, with little evidence for non-genomic mechanisms. ABSTRACT We have previously shown that the late-term rise in tri-iodo-l-thyronine (T3 ) in fetal sheep leads to the inhibition of proliferation and promotion of maturation in cardiomyocytes. The present study was designed to determine whether these T3 -induced changes are mediated via thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) or by non-genomic mechanisms. Fetal cardiomyocytes were isolated from 102 ± 3 and 135 ± 1 days of gestational age (dGA) sheep (n = 7 per age; term ∼145 dGA). Cells were treated with T3 (1.5 nm), insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 (1 μg mL-1 ) or a combination in the presence of TR antagonist NH3 (100 nm) or following short interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown of TRα1/α2. Proliferation was quantified by 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) uptake (10 μm). Western blots measured protein levels of extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK), Akt, TRα1/β1 and p21. Age specific levels of TRα1/β1 were measured in normal hearts from fetuses [95 dGA (n = 8), 135 dGA (n = 7)], neonates (n = 8) and adult ewes (n = 7). TRα1 protein levels were consistently >50% more than TRβ1 at each gestational age (P < 0.05). T3 reduced IGF-1 stimulated proliferation by ∼50% in 100 dGA and by ∼75% in 135 dGA cardiomyocytes (P < 0.05). NH3 blocked the T3 + IGF-1 reduction of BrdU uptake without altering the phosphorylation of ERK or Akt at both ages. NH3 did not suppress T3 -induced p21 expression in 100 dGA cardiomyocytes in 135 dGA cardiomyocytes, NH3 alone reduced BrdU uptake (-28%, P < 0.05), as well as T3 -induced p21 (-75%, P < 0.05). In both ages, siRNA knockdown of TRα1/α2 blocked the T3 + IGF-1 reduction of BrdU uptake and dramatically reduced ERK and Akt signalling in 135 dGA cardiomyocytes. In conclusion, TRs are required for normal proliferation and T3 signalling in fetal ovine cardiomyocytes, with the sensitivity to TR blockade being age-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha N. Chattergoon
- Center for Developmental Health
- Knight Cardiovascular InstituteOregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - Samantha Louey
- Center for Developmental Health
- Knight Cardiovascular InstituteOregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | | | - Isa Lindgren
- Center for Developmental Health
- Knight Cardiovascular InstituteOregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - George D. Giraud
- Center for Developmental Health
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology
- Knight Cardiovascular InstituteOregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
- VA Portland Health Care System PortlandORUSA
| | - Kent L. Thornburg
- Center for Developmental Health
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology
- Knight Cardiovascular InstituteOregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
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Radhakrishna U, Albayrak S, Zafra R, Baraa A, Vishweswaraiah S, Veerappa AM, Mahishi D, Saiyed N, Mishra NK, Guda C, Ali-Fehmi R, Bahado-Singh RO. Placental epigenetics for evaluation of fetal congenital heart defects: Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD). PLoS One 2019; 14:e0200229. [PMID: 30897084 PMCID: PMC6428297 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD), the most common congenital heart defect, is characterized by a hole in the septum between the right and left ventricles. The pathogenesis of VSD is unknown in most clinical cases. There is a paucity of data relevant to epigenetic changes in VSD. The placenta is a fetal tissue crucial in cardiac development and a potentially useful surrogate for evaluating the development of heart tissue. To understand epigenetic mechanisms that may play a role in the development of VSD, genome-wide DNA methylation assay on placentas of 8 term subjects with isolated VSD and no known or suspected genetic syndromes and 10 unaffected controls was performed using the Illumina HumanMethylation450 BeadChip assay. We identified a total of 80 highly accurate potential CpGs in 80 genes for detection of VSD; area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC ROC) 1.0 with significant 95% CI (FDR) p-values < 0.05 for each individual locus. The biological processes and functions for many of these differentially methylated genes are previously known to be associated with heart development or disease, including cardiac ventricle development (HEY2, ISL1), heart looping (SRF), cardiac muscle cell differentiation (ACTC1, HEY2), cardiac septum development (ISL1), heart morphogenesis (SRF, HEY2, ISL1, HEYL), Notch signaling pathway (HEY2, HEYL), cardiac chamber development (ISL1), and cardiac muscle tissue development (ACTC1, ISL1). In addition, we identified 8 microRNAs that have the potential to be biomarkers for the detection of VSD including: miR-191, miR-548F1, miR-148A, miR-423, miR-92B, miR-611, miR-2110, and miR-548H4. To our knowledge this is the first report in which placental analysis has been used for determining the pathogenesis of and predicting VSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uppala Radhakrishna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Royal Oak, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Samet Albayrak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Rita Zafra
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Alosh Baraa
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Sangeetha Vishweswaraiah
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Royal Oak, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Avinash M. Veerappa
- Department of Studies in Genetics and Genomics, Laboratory of Genomic Sciences, University of Mysore, Mysore, India
| | - Deepthi Mahishi
- Department of Studies in Genetics and Genomics, Laboratory of Genomic Sciences, University of Mysore, Mysore, India
| | - Nazia Saiyed
- Biotechnology, Nirma Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Nitish K. Mishra
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology & Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Centre Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Chittibabu Guda
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology & Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Centre Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Rouba Ali-Fehmi
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Ray O. Bahado-Singh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Royal Oak, Michigan, United States of America
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14
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Walejko JM, Antolic A, Koelmel JP, Garrett TJ, Edison AS, Keller-Wood M. Chronic maternal cortisol excess during late gestation leads to metabolic alterations in the newborn heart. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 316:E546-E556. [PMID: 30620638 PMCID: PMC6459297 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00386.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Our laboratory has previously shown in an ovine model of pregnancy that abnormal elevations in maternal cortisol during late gestation lead to increased fetal cardiac arrhythmias and mortality during peripartum. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis of the fetal heart suggested alterations in TCA cycle intermediates and lipid metabolites in animals exposed to excess cortisol in utero. Therefore, we utilized a sheep model of pregnancy to determine how chronic increases in maternal cortisol alter maternal and fetal serum before birth and neonatal cardiac metabolites and lipids at term. Ewes were either infused with 1 mg·kg-1·day-1 of cortisol starting at gestational day 115 ( n = 9) or untreated ( n = 6). Serum was collected from the mother and fetus (gestational day 125), and hearts were collected following birth. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy was conducted to measure metabolic profiles of newborn heart specimens as well as fetal and maternal serum specimens. Mass spectrometry was conducted to measure lipid profiles of newborn heart specimens. We observed alterations in amino acid and TCA cycle metabolism as well as lipid and glycerophospholipid metabolism in newborn hearts after excess maternal cortisol in late gestation. In addition, we observed alterations in amino acid and TCA cycle metabolites in fetal but not in maternal serum during late gestation. These results suggest that fetal exposure to excess maternal cortisol alters placental and fetal metabolism before birth and limits normal cardiac metabolic maturation, which may contribute to increased risk of peripartum cardiac arrhythmias observed in these animals or later life cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelyn M Walejko
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Andrew Antolic
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Jeremy P Koelmel
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Timothy J Garrett
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Arthur S Edison
- Departments of Genetics and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Bioinformatics, and Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia
| | - Maureen Keller-Wood
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
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15
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Simões RV, Cabañas ME, Loreiro C, Illa M, Crispi F, Gratacós E. Assessment of prenatal cerebral and cardiac metabolic changes in a rabbit model of fetal growth restriction based on 13C-labelled substrate infusions and ex vivo multinuclear HRMAS. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208784. [PMID: 30589837 PMCID: PMC6307735 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have used a previously reported rabbit model of fetal growth restriction (FGR), reproducing perinatal neurodevelopmental and cardiovascular impairments, to investigate the main relative changes in cerebral and cardiac metabolism of term FGR fetuses during nutrient infusion. METHODS FGR was induced in 9 pregnant New Zealand rabbits at 25 days of gestation: one horn used as FGR, by partial ligation of uteroplacental vessels, and the contralateral as control (appropriate for gestation age, AGA). At 30 days of gestation, fasted mothers under anesthesia were infused i.v. with 1-13C-glucose (4 mothers), 2-13C-acetate (3 mothers), or not infused (2 mothers). Fetal brain and heart samples were quickly harvested and frozen down. Brain cortex and heart apex regions from 30 fetuses were studied ex vivo by HRMAS at 4°C, acquiring multinuclear 1D and 2D spectra. The data were processed, quantified by peak deconvolution or integration, and normalized to sample weight. RESULTS Most of the total 13C-labeling reaching the fetal brains/hearts (80-90%) was incorporated to alanine and lactate (cytosol), and to the glutamine-glutamate pool (mitochondria). Acetate-derived lactate (Lac C2C3) had a slower turnover in FGR brains (~ -20%). In FGR hearts, mitochondrial turnover of acetate-derived glutamine (Gln C4) was slower (-23%) and there was a stronger accumulation of phospholipid breakdown products (glycerophosphoethanolamine and glycerophosphocholine, +50%), resembling the profile of non-infused control hearts. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate specific functional changes in cerebral and cardiac metabolism of FGR fetuses under nutrient infusion, suggesting glial impairment and restricted mitochondrial metabolism concomitant with slower cell membrane turnover in cardiomyocytes, respectively. These prenatal metabolic changes underlie neurodevelopmental and cardiovascular problems observed in this FGR model and in clinical patients, paving the way for future studies aimed at evaluating metabolic function postnatally and in response to stress and/or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui V. Simões
- Fetal i+d Fetal Medicine Reseach Center, BCNatal—Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), ICGON, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Barcelona, SPAIN
- * E-mail:
| | - Miquel E. Cabañas
- Servei de Resonància Magnètica Nuclear, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), SPAIN
| | - Carla Loreiro
- Fetal i+d Fetal Medicine Reseach Center, BCNatal—Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), ICGON, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Barcelona, SPAIN
| | - Miriam Illa
- Fetal i+d Fetal Medicine Reseach Center, BCNatal—Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), ICGON, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Barcelona, SPAIN
| | - Fatima Crispi
- Fetal i+d Fetal Medicine Reseach Center, BCNatal—Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), ICGON, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Barcelona, SPAIN
| | - Eduard Gratacós
- Fetal i+d Fetal Medicine Reseach Center, BCNatal—Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), ICGON, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Barcelona, SPAIN
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16
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Abstract
During late gestation, the fetal heart primarily relies on glucose and lactate to support rapid growth and development. Although numerous studies describe changes in heart metabolism to utilize fatty acids preferentially a few weeks after birth, little is known about metabolic changes of the heart within the first day following birth. Therefore, we used the ovine model of pregnancy to investigate metabolic differences between the near-term fetal and the newborn heart. Heart tissue was collected for metabolomic, lipidomic, and transcriptomic approaches from the left and right ventricles and intraventricular septum in 7 fetuses at gestational day 142 and 7 newborn lambs on the day of birth. Significant metabolites and lipids were identified using a Student's t-test, whereas differentially expressed genes were identified using a moderated t-test with empirical Bayes method [false discovery rate (FDR)-corrected P < 0.10]. Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was used to identify pathways enriched on a transcriptomic level (FDR-corrected P < 0.05), whereas overrepresentation enrichment analysis was used to identify pathways enriched on a metabolomic level ( P < 0.05). We observed greater abundance of metabolites involved in butanoate and propanoate metabolism, and glycolysis in the term fetal heart and differential expression in these pathways were confirmed with ssGSEA. Immediately following birth, newborn hearts displayed enrichment in purine, fatty acid, and glycerophospholipid metabolic pathways as well as oxidative phosphorylation with significant alterations in both lipids and metabolites to support transcriptomic findings. A better understanding of metabolic alterations that occur in the heart following birth may improve treatment of neonates at risk for heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelyn M Walejko
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Jeremy P Koelmel
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Timothy J Garrett
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Arthur S Edison
- Departments of Genetics and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Institute of Bioinformatics, and Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia
| | - Maureen Keller-Wood
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
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17
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Saunders V, Dewing JM, Sanchez-Elsner T, Wilson DI. Expression and localisation of thymosin beta-4 in the developing human early fetal heart. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207248. [PMID: 30412598 PMCID: PMC6226193 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to investigate the expression and localisation of thymosin β4 (Tβ4) in the developing human heart. Tβ4 is a cardioprotective protein which may have therapeutic potential. While Tβ4 is an endogenously produced protein with known importance during development, its role within the developing human heart is not fully understood. Elucidating the localisation of Tβ4 within the developing heart will help in understanding its role during cardiac development and is crucial for understanding its potential for cardioprotection and repair in the adult heart. METHODS Expression of Tβ4 mRNA in the early fetal human heart was assessed by PCR using both ventricular and atrial tissue. Fluorescence immunohistochemistry was used to assess the localisation of Tβ4 in sections of early fetal human heart. Co-staining with CD31, an endothelial cell marker, and with myosin heavy chain, a cardiomyocyte marker, was used to determine whether Tβ4 is localised to these cell types within the early fetal human heart. RESULTS Tβ4 mRNA was found to be expressed in both the atria and the ventricles of the early fetal human heart. Tβ4 protein was found to be primarily localised to CD31-expressing endothelial cells and the endocardium as well as being present in the epicardium. Tβ4-associated fluorescence was greater in the compact layer of the myocardial wall and the interventricular septum than in the trabecular layer of the myocardium. CONCLUSIONS The data presented illustrates expression of Tβ4 in the developing human heart and demonstrates for the first time that Tβ4 in the human heart is primarily localised to endothelial cells of the cardiac microvasculature and coronary vessels as-well as to the endothelial-like cells of the endocardium and to the epicardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Saunders
- Institute for Developmental Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer M. Dewing
- Institute for Developmental Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Tilman Sanchez-Elsner
- Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - David I. Wilson
- Institute for Developmental Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Jonker SS, Louey S, Roselli CE. Cardiac myocyte proliferation and maturation near term is inhibited by early gestation maternal testosterone exposure. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 315:H1393-H1401. [PMID: 30095996 PMCID: PMC6297822 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00314.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome is a complex and common disorder in women, and those affected experience an increased burden of cardiovascular disease. It is an intergenerational syndrome, as affected women with high androgen levels during pregnancy "program" fetal development, leading to a similar phenotype in their female offspring. The effect of excess maternal testosterone exposure on fetal cardiomyocyte growth and maturation is unknown. Pregnant ewes received biweekly injections of vehicle (control) or 100 mg testosterone propionate between 30 and 59 days of gestation (early T) or between 60 and 90 days of gestation (late T). Fetuses were delivered at ~135 days of gestation, and their hearts were enzymatically dissociated to measure cardiomyocyte growth (dimensional measurements), maturation (proportion binucleate), and proliferation (nuclear Ki-67 protein). Early T depressed serum insulin-like growth factor 1 and caused intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR; P < 0.0005). Hearts were smaller with early T ( P < 0.001) due to reduced cardiac myocyte maturation ( P < 0.0005) and proliferation ( P = 0.017). Maturation was also lower in male than female fetuses ( P = 0.004) independent of treatment. Late T did not affect cardiac growth. Early excess maternal testosterone exposure depresses circulating insulin-like growth factor 1 near term and causes IUGR in both female and male offspring. These fetuses have small, immature hearts with reduced proliferation, which may reduce cardiac myocyte endowment and predispose to adverse cardiac growth in postnatal life. While excess maternal testosterone exposure leads to polycystic ovary syndrome and cardiovascular disease in female offspring, it may also predispose to complications of IUGR and cardiovascular disease in male offspring. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Using measurements of cardiac myocyte growth and maturation in an ovine model of polycystic ovary syndrome, this study demonstrates that early gestation excess maternal testosterone exposure reduces near-term cardiomyocyte proliferation and maturation in intrauterine growth-restricted female and male fetuses. The effect of testosterone is restricted to exposure during a specific period early in pregnancy, and the effects appear mediated through reduced insulin-like growth factor 1 signaling. Furthermore, male fetuses, regardless of treatment, had fewer mature cardiomyocytes than female fetuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonnet S Jonker
- Center for Developmental Health, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon
| | - Samantha Louey
- Center for Developmental Health, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon
| | - Charles E Roselli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon
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Akkurt MO, Turan OM, Crimmins S, Harman CR, Turan S. Increased fetal epicardial fat thickness: A novel ultrasound marker for altered fetal metabolism in diabetic pregnancies. J Clin Ultrasound 2018; 46:397-402. [PMID: 29740837 DOI: 10.1002/jcu.22602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether fetal epicardial fat thickness (EFT) differs in diabetic and nondiabetic pregnant women. METHODS Retrospective case-control study of pregnancies between 24 and 36 weeks complicated by preexisting (PDM) or gestational (GDM) diabetes mellitus, matched one to one with controls for body mass index and gestational age (GA). Epicardial fat was identified as the hypoechogenic area between myocardium and visceral pericardium over the right ventricle and its thickness was measured by a single observer blinded to clinical condition and outcomes. A linear regression analysis was performed to assess the relationship between GA and EFT, and regression lines were compared between diabetics and controls. RESULTS 53 PDM and 53 GDM pregnant women were matched with controls. With the exception of maternal age, the demographics were similar among groups. EFT increased significantly with advancing gestation in both diabetics and controls (P < 0.0001) and was significantly greater in diabetics than in controls (P < 0.0001). The best fit lines were different between diabetics (EFT = 0.05 × GA + 0.07 mm; R2 = 0.70) and controls (EFT = 0.07 × GA + 0.04 mm; R2 = 0.93) (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Fetal EFT was greater in diabetics than in nondiabetics, and even greater in pregestational diabetics. EFT maybe an additional and/or earlier marker to identify early changes in fetal metabolism before accelerated fetal growth and polyhydramnios is apparent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet O Akkurt
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - Ozhan M Turan
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - Sarah Crimmins
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - Christopher R Harman
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - Sifa Turan
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
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Abstract
Glucocorticoids are essential in mammals to mature fetal organs and tissues in order to survive after birth. Hence, antenatal glucocorticoid treatment (termed antenatal corticosteroid therapy) can be life-saving in preterm babies and is commonly used in women at risk of preterm birth. While the effects of glucocorticoids on lung maturation have been well described, the effects on the fetal heart remain less clear. Experiments in mice have shown that endogenous glucocorticoid action is required to mature the fetal heart. However, whether the potent synthetic glucocorticoids used in antenatal corticosteroid therapy have similar maturational effects on the fetal heart is less clear. Moreover, antenatal corticosteroid therapy may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease in adulthood. Here, we present a narrative review of the evidence relating to the effects of antenatal glucocorticoid action on the fetal heart and discuss the implications for antenatal corticosteroid therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma J Agnew
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular ScienceUniversity of Edinburgh, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jessica R Ivy
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular ScienceUniversity of Edinburgh, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sarah J Stock
- MRC Centre for Reproductive HealthUniversity of Edinburgh, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Karen E Chapman
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular ScienceUniversity of Edinburgh, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
- Correspondence should be addressed to K E Chapman:
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Sorvina A, Bader CA, Lock MC, Brooks DA, Morrison JL, Plush SE. Label-free imaging of healthy and infarcted fetal sheep hearts by two-photon microscopy. J Biophotonics 2018; 11:e201600296. [PMID: 28464439 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201600296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Coronary heart disease is one of the largest causes of death worldwide, making this a significant health care issue. A critical problem for the adult human heart is that it does not undergo effective repair in response to damage, leaving patients with a poor prognosis. Unlike the adult, fetal hearts have the ability to repair after myocardial damage. Using two-photon microscopy, we have visualised the morphological and metabolic changes following myocardial infarction in sheep fetuses, to characterise response to cardiac injury in a mammalian model. Following myocardial infarction, fetal hearts showed no significant increase in collagen deposition in the region of the infarction, when compared to either the surrounding tissue or shams. In contrast, metabolic activity (i. e. NAD(P)H and FAD) was significantly reduced in the region of myocardial infarction, when compared to either the surrounding tissue or sham hearts. For comparison, we also imaged two hearts from preadolescent sheep (sham and myocardial infarction) and showed highly ordered collagen deposition with decreased metabolic activity within the infarcted area. Therefore, two-photon imaging had the capacity to image both morphological and metabolic changes in response to myocardial infarction and showed differences in the response with age. Picture: Two-photon imaging of myocardial infarction (b and d) enabled the visualisation of increased collagen (blue; Em=431 nm) and changes in other tissue autofluorescence (green; Em=489-606 nm) in fetal (a and b) and preadolescent (c and d) hearts, compared to shams (a and c). The excitation wavelength was 840 nm. Scale bars: 10 μm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Sorvina
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Christie A Bader
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Mitchell C Lock
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Douglas A Brooks
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Janna L Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Sally E Plush
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
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Lock MC, Botting KJ, Tellam RL, Brooks D, Morrison JL. Adverse Intrauterine Environment and Cardiac miRNA Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122628. [PMID: 29210999 PMCID: PMC5751231 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Placental insufficiency, high altitude pregnancies, maternal obesity/diabetes, maternal undernutrition and stress can result in a poor setting for growth of the developing fetus. These adverse intrauterine environments result in physiological changes to the developing heart that impact how the heart will function in postnatal life. The intrauterine environment plays a key role in the complex interplay between genes and the epigenetic mechanisms that regulate their expression. In this review we describe how an adverse intrauterine environment can influence the expression of miRNAs (a sub-set of non-coding RNAs) and how these changes may impact heart development. Potential consequences of altered miRNA expression in the fetal heart include; Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) activation, dysregulation of angiogenesis, mitochondrial abnormalities and altered glucose and fatty acid transport/metabolism. It is important to understand how miRNAs are altered in these adverse environments to identify key pathways that can be targeted using miRNA mimics or inhibitors to condition an improved developmental response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell C Lock
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group; School of Pharmacy & Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
| | - Kimberley J Botting
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group; School of Pharmacy & Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
| | - Ross L Tellam
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group; School of Pharmacy & Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
- CSIRO Agriculture, 306 Carmody Rd, St. Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia.
| | - Doug Brooks
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group School of Pharmacy & Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
| | - Janna L Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group; School of Pharmacy & Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
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Sun F, Tong D, Lu X, Dong W, Deng C. [Optimization of culture of fetal rat cardiomyocytes in vitro]. Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi 2017; 33:1534-1538. [PMID: 29268859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective To explore the optimal method for in vitro cultivation of SD fetal rat cardiomyocytes. Methods Cardiomyocytes of SD fetal rats from pregnant rats on gestational day 19 were obtained by digesting cardiac tissues with 0.8 g/L trypsin and 0.4 g/L collagenase II. With differential centrifugation and different animal serums (bovine fetal serum or horse serum), we tried to look for the optimal culture conditions. The morphology and beat frequency of cardiomyocytes were observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. In addition, the expressions of alpha-sarcomeric actinin (α-SA) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) in the cultured cardiomyocytes were detected by immunofluorescence staining to identify cardiomyocytes and the purity of these cells after 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours of cultivation. Results After 24 hours of cultivation, we had seen a majority of adherent cells and a few of suspension cells, and also seen some pulsating cardiomyocytes. The positive rates of α-SA and cTnI in the cardiomyocytes of the horse serum-cultured group were obviously higher than those in the bovine fetal serum-cultured group after 48, 72 and 96 hours of cultivation. Conclusion Co-digestion with trypsin and collagenaseII in combination with horse serum cultivation are easier to cultivate fetal rat cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjie Sun
- Department of Neonatology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510700, China. *Corresponding author, E-mail:
| | - Demin Tong
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510700, China
| | - Xiaoyan Lu
- Department of Neonatology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510700, China
| | - Wenbin Dong
- Department of Neonatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Changbo Deng
- Department of Neonatology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510700, China
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Adeyemi O, Alvarez-Laviada A, Schultz F, Ibrahim E, Trauner M, Williamson C, Glukhov AV, Gorelik J. Ursodeoxycholic acid prevents ventricular conduction slowing and arrhythmia by restoring T-type calcium current in fetuses during cholestasis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183167. [PMID: 28934223 PMCID: PMC5608194 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increased maternal serum bile acid concentrations in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) are associated with fetal cardiac arrhythmias. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) has been shown to demonstrate anti-arrhythmic properties via preventing ICP-associated cardiac conduction slowing and development of reentrant arrhythmias, although the cellular mechanism is still being elucidated. Methods High-resolution fluorescent optical mapping of electrical activity and electrocardiogram measurements were used to characterize effects of UDCA on one-day-old neonatal and adult female Langendorff-perfused rat hearts. ICP was modelled by perfusion of taurocholic acid (TC, 400μM). Whole-cell calcium currents were recorded from neonatal rat and human fetal cardiomyocytes. Results TC significantly prolonged the PR interval by 11.0±3.5% (P<0.05) and slowed ventricular conduction velocity (CV) by 38.9±5.1% (P<0.05) exclusively in neonatal and not in maternal hearts. A similar CV decline was observed with the selective T-type calcium current (ICa,T) blocker mibefradil 1μM (23.0±6.2%, P<0.05), but not with the L-type calcium current (ICa,L) blocker nifedipine 1μM (6.9±6.6%, NS). The sodium channel blocker lidocaine (30μM) reduced CV by 60.4±4.5% (P<0.05). UDCA co-treatment was protective against CV slowing induced by TC and mibefradil, but not against lidocaine. UDCA prevented the TC-induced reduction in the ICa,T density in both isolated human fetal (−10.2±1.5 versus −5.5±0.9 pA/pF, P<0.05) and neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (−22.3±1.1 versus −9.6±0.8 pA/pF, P<0.0001), whereas UDCA had limited efficacy on the ICa,L. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate that ICa,T plays a significant role in ICP-associated fetal cardiac conduction slowing and arrhythmogenesis, and is an important component of the fetus-specific anti-arrhythmic activity of UDCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oladipupo Adeyemi
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anita Alvarez-Laviada
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francisca Schultz
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Effendi Ibrahim
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Medicine, MARA Technology University, Sungai Buloh, Malaysia
| | - Michael Trauner
- Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Catherine Williamson
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Women's Health Academic Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexey V. Glukhov
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JG); (AG)
| | - Julia Gorelik
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (JG); (AG)
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Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are members of a non-coding RNA family. They act as negative regulators of protein translation by affecting messenger RNA (mRNA) stability; they modulate numerous signaling pathways and cellular processes, and are involved in cell-to-cell communication. Thus, studies on miRNAs offer an opportunity to improve our understanding of complex biological mechanisms. In the cardiovascular system, miRNAs control functions of various cells, such as cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts. The pivotal role of miRNAs in the cardiovascular system provides a new perspective on the pathophysiology of disorders like myocardial infarction, hypertrophy, fibrosis, heart failure, arrhythmia, inflammation and atherosclerosis. MiRNAs are differentially expressed in diseased tissue and can be released into circulation. Manipulation of miRNA activity may influence the course of a disease. Therefore, miRNAs have become an active field of research for developing new diagnostic and therapeutic tools. This review discusses emerging functions of miRNAs in cardiogenesis, heart regeneration and the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wojciechowska
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Medical Biology, The Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński Institute of Cardiology, Warszawa, Poland
| | | | - Katarzyna Kozar-Kamińska
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Medical Biology, The Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński Institute of Cardiology, Warszawa, Poland
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Wang B, You G, Fu Q. Human fetal heart specific coexpression network involves congenital heart disease/defect candidate genes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46760. [PMID: 28436429 PMCID: PMC5402266 DOI: 10.1038/srep46760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart development is a complex process requiring dynamic transcriptional regulation. Disturbance of this process will lead to severe developmental defects such as congenital heart disease/defect (CHD). CHD is a group of complex disorder with high genetic heterogeneity, common pathways associated with CHD remains largely unknown. In the manuscript, we focused on the tissue specific genes in human fetal heart samples to explore such pathways. We used the RNA microarray dataset of human fetal tissues from ENCODE project to identify genes with heart tissue specific expression. A transcriptional network was constructed for these genes based on the Pearson correlation coefficients of their expression levels. Function, selective constraints and disease associations of these genes were then examined. Our analysis identified a network consisted of 316 genes with human fetal heart specific expression. The network was highly co-regulated and showed evolutionary conserved tissue expression pattern in tetrapod. Genes in this network are enriched in CHD specific genes and disease mutations. Using the transcriptomic data, we discovered a highly concerted gene network that might reflect a common pathway associated with the etiology of CHD. Such analysis should be helpful for disease associated gene identification in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoling You
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qihua Fu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Duan HY, Zhang Y, Zhou KY, Wang C, Qiu DAJ, Hua YM. [Effect of histone acetylation/deacetylation imbalances on key gene of planar cell polarity pathway]. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi 2017; 19:475-483. [PMID: 28407839 PMCID: PMC7389667 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2017.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of histone acetylation/deacetylation imbalances on embryonic hearts of mice and its effect on key genes of planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway-Vangl2, Scrib and Rac1 in H9C2 cells. METHODS Forty pregnant C57/B6 mice were randomly assigned into three groups: blank group (n=10), vehicle group (n=10), and valproic acid (VPA)-treated group (n=20). In the VPA-treated group, VPA, a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, was administered to each individual dam intraperitoneally at a single dose of 700 mg/kg on embryonic day 10.5 (E10.5). The vehicle and blank groups received equivalent saline or no interventions, respectively. Dams were sacrificed on E15.5, and death rates of embryos were evaluated. Subsequently, embryonic hearts of survival fetus were removed to observe cardiac abnormalities by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. H9C2 cells were cultured and allotted to the blank, vehicle, and VPA-treated groups: the VPA treated group received VPA exposure at concentrations of 2.0, 4.0 and 8.0 mmol/L; the vehicle and blank groups received equivalent saline or no interventions, respectively. HDAC1-3 as well as Vangl2, Scrib and Rac1 mRNA and protein expression levels were determined by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively. The total HDAC activity was analyzed by colorimetric assay. RESULTS The fetus mortality rate after VPA treatment was 31.7%, with a significantly higher rate of cardiac abnormalities in comparison with the controls (P<0.05). In comparison with the blank and vehicle groups, HDAC1 mRNA was significantly increased at various concentrations of VPA treatment at all time points of exposure (P<0.05), together with a reduction of protein level after 48 and 72 hours of exposure (P<0.05). The inhibition of HDAC2 mRNA after various concentrations of VPA incubation was pronounced at 24 hours of exposure (P<0.05), while the protein levels were reduced at all time points (P<0.05). HDAC3 mRNA was prominently induced by VPA (4.0 and 8.0 mmol/L) at all time points of treatment (P<0.05). In contrast, the protein level was inhibited after VPA treatment (P<0.05). In comparison with the blank and vehicle groups, Vangl2 mRNA as well as Scrib mRNA/protein expression levels were markedly reduced after 48 and 72 hours of VPA treatment (P<0.05), together with a reduction of protein level in Vangl2 at 72 hours (P<0.05). Compared with the blank and vehicle groups, a significant repression in the total HDAC activity was observed in the VPA-treated group at concentrations of 4.0 and 8.0 mmol/L after 24 hours of treatment (P<0.05), and the effect persisted up to 48 and 72 hours, exhibiting pronounced inhibition at all concentrations (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS VPA might result in acetylation/deacetylation imbalances by inhibiting HDAC1-3 protein expression and total HDAC activity, leading to the down-regulation of mRNA and protein expression of Vangl2 and Scrib. This could be one of the mechanisms contributing to congenital heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yu Duan
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second Hospital of Sichuan University/Cardiac Development and Early Intervention Unit, West China Second Hospital of Sichuan University/Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Sano HI, Toki T, Naito Y, Tomita M. Developmental changes in the balance of glycolytic ATP production and oxidative phosphorylation in ventricular cells: A simulation study. J Theor Biol 2017; 419:269-277. [PMID: 28237394 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2017.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The developmental program of the heart requires accurate regulation to ensure continuous circulation and simultaneous cardiac morphogenesis, because any functional abnormalities may progress to congenital heart malformation. Notably, energy metabolism in fetal ventricular cells is regulated in a manner that differs from adult ventricular cells: fetal cardiomyocytes generally have immature mitochondria and fetal ventricular cells show greater dependence on glycolytic ATP production. However, although various characteristics of energy metabolism in fetal ventricular cells have been reported, to our knowledge, a quantitative description of the contributions of these factors to fetal ventricular cell functions has not yet been established. Here, we constructed a mathematical model to integrate various characteristics of fetal ventricular cells and predicted the contribution of each characteristic to the maintenance of intracellular ATP concentration and sarcomere contraction under anoxic conditions. Our simulation results demonstrated that higher glycogen content, higher hexokinase activity, and lower creatine concentration helped prolong the time for which ventricular cell contraction was maintained under anoxic conditions. The integrated model also enabled us to quantitatively assess the contributions of factors related to energy metabolism in ventricular cells. Because fetal cardiomyocytes exhibit similar energy metabolic profiles to stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes and those in the failing heart, an improved understanding of these fetal ventricular cells will contribute to a better comprehension of the processes in stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes or under pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi I Sano
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 5322 Endo, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0882, Japan; Department of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University, 5322 Endo, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0882, Japan.
| | - Tamami Toki
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 5322 Endo, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0882, Japan; Systems Biology Program, Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, 5322 Endo, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0882, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiro Naito
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 5322 Endo, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0882, Japan; Systems Biology Program, Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, 5322 Endo, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0882, Japan; Department of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University, 5322 Endo, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0882, Japan.
| | - Masaru Tomita
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 5322 Endo, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0882, Japan; Systems Biology Program, Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, 5322 Endo, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0882, Japan; Department of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University, 5322 Endo, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0882, Japan.
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Matalon R, Surendran S, McDonald JD, Okorodudu AO, Tyring SK, Michals-Matalon K, Harris P. Abnormal Expression of Genes Associated with Development and Inflammation in the Heart of Mouse Maternal Phenylketonuria Offspring. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2016; 18:557-65. [PMID: 16164837 DOI: 10.1177/039463200501800316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study descibes gene expression in the fetus hearts obtained from mouse model for Phenylketonuria. These hearts have cardiovascular disease (CVD). Therefore genes involved in CVD were examined. Several genes associated with heart development and inflammation were found to be altered. In order to investigate whether the abnormal gene expression alters transcription and translation, the levels of troponin mRNA and protein were determined. One step real time RT-PCR showed a reduction in cardiac troponin I, troponin T2 and ryanodine receptor 2. Determination of troponin I and T protein levels showed reduced levels of these proteins. Our results suggest that altered gene expression affects protein production. These changes are likely involved in the cardiovascular defects seen in the mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Matalon
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, Texas 77555-0632, USA
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Chouridou E, Lambropoulou M, Koureta M, Zarouchlioti C, Balgouranidou I, Nena E, Papadopoulos N, Chatzaki E. Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) system localization in human fetal heart. Hormones (Athens) 2016; 15:55-64. [PMID: 27377597 DOI: 10.14310/horm.2002.1661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family consists of the neuropeptides CRF, Ucn I, II and III and the binding sites CRFR1, CRFR2 and CRF-BP. It regulates stress response and the homeostasis of an organism. In this study, we examined the presence of the CRF system in the human hearts of normal and pathological fetuses. DESIGN Heart tissues from 40 archival human fetuses were divided into Group A (without pathology, 'normal'), Group B (with chromosomal abnormalities) and Group C (with congenital disorders). Immunohistochemistry was used to localize the CRF system. Results correlated to gestational trimester and pathology. RESULTS Immunoreactivity for all antigens was found in cardiac myocytes of all groups, in almost all samples, except Ucn III which was present in almost half of the fetuses of Groups B and C and was not detected at all in Group A. Ucn III was more often present during the earlier stage of development (<21weeks) and in fetuses with congenital disorders. In a fetus diagnosed with heart pathology, all but Ucn III antigens were also present. CONCLUSIONS We localized a complete CRF system in the human fetal heart and correlated the presence of Ucn III to development and pathology. More studies are needed to verify and clarify the exact role of the CRF system in the human fetal heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efterpi Chouridou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Maria Lambropoulou
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Maria Koureta
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Christina Zarouchlioti
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Ioanna Balgouranidou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Evangelia Nena
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Papadopoulos
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Ekaterini Chatzaki
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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Han SS, Wang G, Jin Y, Ma ZL, Jia WJ, Wu X, Wang XY, He MY, Cheng X, Li WJ, Yang X, Liu GS. Investigating the Mechanism of Hyperglycemia-Induced Fetal Cardiac Hypertrophy. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139141. [PMID: 26418041 PMCID: PMC4587747 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia in diabetic mothers enhances the risk of fetal cardiac hypertrophy during gestation. However, the mechanism of high-glucose-induced cardiac hypertrophy is not largely understood. In this study, we first demonstrated that the incidence rate of cardiac hypertrophy dramatically increased in fetuses of diabetic mothers using color ultrasound examination. In addition, human fetal cardiac hypertrophy was successfully mimicked in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes mouse model, in which mouse cardiac hypertrophy was diagnosed using type-M ultrasound and a histological assay. PH3 immunofluorescent staining of mouse fetal hearts and in vitro-cultured H9c2 cells indicated that cell proliferation decreased in E18.5, E15.5 and E13.5 mice, and cell apoptosis in H9c2 cells increased in the presence of high glucose in a dose-dependent manner. Next, we found that the individual cardiomyocyte size increased in pre-gestational diabetes mellitus mice and in response to high glucose exposure. Meanwhile, the expression of β-MHC and BMP-10 was up-regulated. Nkx2.5 immunofluorescent staining showed that the expression of Nkx2.5, a crucial cardiac transcription factor, was suppressed in the ventricular septum, left ventricular wall and right ventricular wall of E18.5, E15.5 and E13.5 mouse hearts. However, cardiac hypertrophy did not morphologically occur in E13.5 mouse hearts. In cultured H9c2 cells exposed to high glucose, Nkx2.5 expression decreased, as detected by both immunostaining and western blotting, and the expression of KCNE1 and Cx43 was also restricted. Taken together, alterations in cell size rather than cell proliferation or apoptosis are responsible for hyperglycemia-induced fetal cardiac hypertrophy. The aberrant expression of Nkx2.5 and its regulatory target genes in the presence of high glucose could be a principal component of pathogenesis in the development of fetal cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha-sha Han
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Institute of Fetal-Preterm Labor Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Guang Wang
- Division of Histology & Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Ya Jin
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Institute of Fetal-Preterm Labor Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Zheng-lai Ma
- Division of Histology & Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Wei-jing Jia
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Institute of Fetal-Preterm Labor Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Xia Wu
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Institute of Fetal-Preterm Labor Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Xiao-yu Wang
- Division of Histology & Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Mei-yao He
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Institute of Fetal-Preterm Labor Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Xin Cheng
- Division of Histology & Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Wei-jing Li
- Department of Fetal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Xuesong Yang
- Division of Histology & Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- * E-mail: (GSL); (XSY)
| | - Guo-sheng Liu
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Institute of Fetal-Preterm Labor Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- * E-mail: (GSL); (XSY)
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Iizuka-Kogo A, Senda T, Akiyama T, Shimomura A, Nomura R, Hasegawa Y, Yamamura KI, Kogo H, Sawai N, Matsuzaki T. Requirement of DLG1 for cardiovascular development and tissue elongation during cochlear, enteric, and skeletal development: possible role in convergent extension. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123965. [PMID: 25860837 PMCID: PMC4393223 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Dlg1 gene encodes a member of the MAGUK protein family involved in the polarization of epithelial cells. Null mutant mice for the Dlg1 gene (Dlg1-/- mice) exhibit respiratory failure and cyanosis, and die soon after birth. However, the cause of this neonatal lethality has not been determined. In the present study, we further examined Dlg1-/- mice and found severe defects in the cardiovascular system, including ventricular septal defect, persistent truncus arteriosus, and double outlet right ventricle, which would cause the neonatal lethality. These cardiovascular phenotypes resemble those of mutant mice lacking planar cell polarity (PCP) genes and support a recent notion that DLG1 is involved in the PCP pathway. We assessed the degree of involvement of DLG1 in the development of other organs, as the cochlea, intestine, and skeleton, in which PCP signaling has been suggested to play a role. In the organ of Corti, tissue elongation was inhibited accompanied by disorganized arrangement of the hair cell rows, while the orientation of the stereocilia bundle was normal. In the sternum, cleft sternum, abnormal calcification pattern of cartilage, and disorganization of chondrocytes were observed. Furthermore, shortening of the intestine, sternum, and long bones of the limbs was observed. These phenotypes of Dlg1-/- mice involving cellular disorganization and insufficient tissue elongation strongly suggest a defect in the convergent extension movements in these mice. Thus, our present results provide a possibility that DLG1 is particularly required for convergent extension among PCP signaling-dependent processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Iizuka-Kogo
- Department of Anatomy I, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Takao Senda
- Department of Anatomy I, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Anatomy, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tetsu Akiyama
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Information, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shimomura
- Department of Anatomy I, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
- The Department of Communication Disorders, School of Psychological Science, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Ryuji Nomura
- Department of Anatomy I, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Hasegawa
- Department of Anatomy I, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Yamamura
- Division of Developmental Genetics, Institute of Resource Development Analysis, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kogo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Sawai
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Matsuzaki
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
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Rees ML, Subramaniam J, Li Y, Hamilton DJ, Frazier OH, Taegtmeyer H. A PKM2 signature in the failing heart. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 459:430-6. [PMID: 25735978 PMCID: PMC4380635 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.02.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A salient feature of the failing heart is metabolic remodeling towards predominant glucose metabolism and activation of the fetal gene program. Sunitinib is a multitargeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor used for the treatment of highly vascularized tumors. In diabetic patients, sunitinib significantly decreases blood glucose. However, a considerable proportion of sunitinib-treated patients develop cardiac dysfunction or failure. We asked whether sunitinib treatment results in shift towards glycolysis in the heart. Glucose uptake by the heart was increased fivefold in mice treated with sunitinib. Transcript analysis by qPCR revealed an induction of genes associated with glycolysis and reactivation of the fetal gene program. Additionally, we observed a shift in the enzyme pyruvate kinase from the adult M1 (PKM1) isoform to the fetal M2 (PKM2) isoform, a hallmark of the Warburg Effect. This novel observation led us to examine whether a similar shift occurs in human heart failure. Examination of tissue from patients with heart failure similarly displayed an induction of PKM2. Moreover, this phenomenon was partially reversed following mechanical unloading. We propose that pyruvate kinase isoform switching represents a novel feature of the fetal gene program in the failing heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith L Rees
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, MSB 1.220, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Janani Subramaniam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, MSB 1.220, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yuanteng Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, MSB 1.220, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dale J Hamilton
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Bioenergetic Laboratory, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6550 Fannin Street, #1001, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - O Howard Frazier
- Texas Heart Institute, CHI St. Luke's Health - Baylor St. Luke's Medical Center, MC 2-114A, PO Box 20345, Houston, TX 77225, USA
| | - Heinrich Taegtmeyer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, MSB 1.220, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Texas Heart Institute, CHI St. Luke's Health - Baylor St. Luke's Medical Center, MC 2-114A, PO Box 20345, Houston, TX 77225, USA.
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Kurian L, Aguirre A, Sancho-Martinez I, Benner C, Hishida T, Nguyen TB, Reddy P, Nivet E, Krause MN, Nelles DA, Esteban CR, Campistol JM, Yeo GW, Belmonte JCI. Identification of novel long noncoding RNAs underlying vertebrate cardiovascular development. Circulation 2015; 131:1278-1290. [PMID: 25739401 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.114.013303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as critical epigenetic regulators with important functions in development and disease. Here, we sought to identify and functionally characterize novel lncRNAs critical for vertebrate development. METHODS AND RESULTS By relying on human pluripotent stem cell differentiation models, we investigated lncRNAs differentially regulated at key steps during human cardiovascular development with a special focus on vascular endothelial cells. RNA sequencing led to the generation of large data sets that serve as a gene expression roadmap highlighting gene expression changes during human pluripotent cell differentiation. Stage-specific analyses led to the identification of 3 previously uncharacterized lncRNAs, TERMINATOR, ALIEN, and PUNISHER, specifically expressed in undifferentiated pluripotent stem cells, cardiovascular progenitors, and differentiated endothelial cells, respectively. Functional characterization, including localization studies, dynamic expression analyses, epigenetic modification monitoring, and knockdown experiments in lower vertebrates, as well as murine embryos and human cells, confirmed a critical role for each lncRNA specific for each analyzed developmental stage. CONCLUSIONS We have identified and functionally characterized 3 novel lncRNAs involved in vertebrate and human cardiovascular development, and we provide a comprehensive transcriptomic roadmap that sheds new light on the molecular mechanisms underlying human embryonic development, mesodermal commitment, and cardiovascular specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Kurian
- Gene Expression Laboratory (L.K., A.A., I.S.-M., T.H., T.B.N., P.R., E.N., M.N.K., C.R.E., J.C.I.B.) and Integrative Genomics Core (C.B.), Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA; University of California San Diego, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla (L.K., T.B.N., D.A.N., G.W.Y.); and Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain (J.M.C.)
| | - Aitor Aguirre
- Gene Expression Laboratory (L.K., A.A., I.S.-M., T.H., T.B.N., P.R., E.N., M.N.K., C.R.E., J.C.I.B.) and Integrative Genomics Core (C.B.), Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA; University of California San Diego, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla (L.K., T.B.N., D.A.N., G.W.Y.); and Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain (J.M.C.)
| | - Ignacio Sancho-Martinez
- Gene Expression Laboratory (L.K., A.A., I.S.-M., T.H., T.B.N., P.R., E.N., M.N.K., C.R.E., J.C.I.B.) and Integrative Genomics Core (C.B.), Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA; University of California San Diego, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla (L.K., T.B.N., D.A.N., G.W.Y.); and Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain (J.M.C.)
| | - Christopher Benner
- Gene Expression Laboratory (L.K., A.A., I.S.-M., T.H., T.B.N., P.R., E.N., M.N.K., C.R.E., J.C.I.B.) and Integrative Genomics Core (C.B.), Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA; University of California San Diego, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla (L.K., T.B.N., D.A.N., G.W.Y.); and Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain (J.M.C.)
| | - Tomoaki Hishida
- Gene Expression Laboratory (L.K., A.A., I.S.-M., T.H., T.B.N., P.R., E.N., M.N.K., C.R.E., J.C.I.B.) and Integrative Genomics Core (C.B.), Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA; University of California San Diego, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla (L.K., T.B.N., D.A.N., G.W.Y.); and Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain (J.M.C.)
| | - Thai B Nguyen
- Gene Expression Laboratory (L.K., A.A., I.S.-M., T.H., T.B.N., P.R., E.N., M.N.K., C.R.E., J.C.I.B.) and Integrative Genomics Core (C.B.), Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA; University of California San Diego, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla (L.K., T.B.N., D.A.N., G.W.Y.); and Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain (J.M.C.)
| | - Pradeep Reddy
- Gene Expression Laboratory (L.K., A.A., I.S.-M., T.H., T.B.N., P.R., E.N., M.N.K., C.R.E., J.C.I.B.) and Integrative Genomics Core (C.B.), Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA; University of California San Diego, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla (L.K., T.B.N., D.A.N., G.W.Y.); and Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain (J.M.C.)
| | - Emmanuel Nivet
- Gene Expression Laboratory (L.K., A.A., I.S.-M., T.H., T.B.N., P.R., E.N., M.N.K., C.R.E., J.C.I.B.) and Integrative Genomics Core (C.B.), Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA; University of California San Diego, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla (L.K., T.B.N., D.A.N., G.W.Y.); and Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain (J.M.C.)
| | - Marie N Krause
- Gene Expression Laboratory (L.K., A.A., I.S.-M., T.H., T.B.N., P.R., E.N., M.N.K., C.R.E., J.C.I.B.) and Integrative Genomics Core (C.B.), Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA; University of California San Diego, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla (L.K., T.B.N., D.A.N., G.W.Y.); and Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain (J.M.C.)
| | - David A Nelles
- Gene Expression Laboratory (L.K., A.A., I.S.-M., T.H., T.B.N., P.R., E.N., M.N.K., C.R.E., J.C.I.B.) and Integrative Genomics Core (C.B.), Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA; University of California San Diego, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla (L.K., T.B.N., D.A.N., G.W.Y.); and Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain (J.M.C.)
| | - Concepcion Rodriguez Esteban
- Gene Expression Laboratory (L.K., A.A., I.S.-M., T.H., T.B.N., P.R., E.N., M.N.K., C.R.E., J.C.I.B.) and Integrative Genomics Core (C.B.), Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA; University of California San Diego, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla (L.K., T.B.N., D.A.N., G.W.Y.); and Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain (J.M.C.)
| | - Josep M Campistol
- Gene Expression Laboratory (L.K., A.A., I.S.-M., T.H., T.B.N., P.R., E.N., M.N.K., C.R.E., J.C.I.B.) and Integrative Genomics Core (C.B.), Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA; University of California San Diego, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla (L.K., T.B.N., D.A.N., G.W.Y.); and Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain (J.M.C.)
| | - Gene W Yeo
- Gene Expression Laboratory (L.K., A.A., I.S.-M., T.H., T.B.N., P.R., E.N., M.N.K., C.R.E., J.C.I.B.) and Integrative Genomics Core (C.B.), Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA; University of California San Diego, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla (L.K., T.B.N., D.A.N., G.W.Y.); and Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain (J.M.C.)
| | - Juan Carlos Izpisua Belmonte
- Gene Expression Laboratory (L.K., A.A., I.S.-M., T.H., T.B.N., P.R., E.N., M.N.K., C.R.E., J.C.I.B.) and Integrative Genomics Core (C.B.), Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA; University of California San Diego, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla (L.K., T.B.N., D.A.N., G.W.Y.); and Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain (J.M.C.)
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Abstract
In maternal diabetes, the fetal heart can be structurally and functionally affected. Maternal diets enriched in certain unsaturated fatty acids can activate the nuclear receptors peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and regulate metabolic and anti-inflammatory pathways during development. Our aim was to investigate whether PPARα expression, lipid metabolism, lipoperoxidation, and nitric oxide (NO) production are altered in the fetal hearts of diabetic rats, and to analyze the putative effects of in vivo PPAR activation on these parameters. We found decreased PPARα expression in the hearts of male but not female fetuses of diabetic rats when compared with controls. Fetal treatments with the PPARα ligand leukotriene B4 upregulated the expression of PPARα and target genes involved in fatty acid oxidation in the fetal hearts. Increased concentrations of triglycerides, cholesterol, and phospholipids were found in the hearts of fetuses of diabetic rats. Maternal treatments with diets supplemented with 6% olive oil or 6% safflower oil, enriched in unsaturated fatty acids that can activate PPARs, led to few changes in lipid concentrations, but up-regulated PPARα expression in fetal hearts. NO production, which was increased in the hearts of male and female fetuses in the diabetic group, and lipoperoxidation, which was increased in the hearts of male fetuses in the diabetic group, was reduced by the maternal treatments supplemented with safflower oil. In conclusion, impaired PPARα expression, altered lipid metabolism, and increased oxidative and nitridergic pathways were evidenced in hearts of fetuses of diabetic rats and were regulated in a gender-dependent manner by treatments enriched with PPAR ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melisa Kurtz
- Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism CEFyBO-CONICET, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, 17th Floor, 1121 Buenos Aires, Argentina Department of Pathology Schullich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Lawson Health Research Institute, St Joseph's Health Care, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Evangelina Capobianco
- Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism CEFyBO-CONICET, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, 17th Floor, 1121 Buenos Aires, Argentina Department of Pathology Schullich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Lawson Health Research Institute, St Joseph's Health Care, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nora Martinez
- Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism CEFyBO-CONICET, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, 17th Floor, 1121 Buenos Aires, Argentina Department of Pathology Schullich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Lawson Health Research Institute, St Joseph's Health Care, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sabrina Lorena Roberti
- Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism CEFyBO-CONICET, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, 17th Floor, 1121 Buenos Aires, Argentina Department of Pathology Schullich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Lawson Health Research Institute, St Joseph's Health Care, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Edith Arany
- Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism CEFyBO-CONICET, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, 17th Floor, 1121 Buenos Aires, Argentina Department of Pathology Schullich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Lawson Health Research Institute, St Joseph's Health Care, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alicia Jawerbaum
- Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism CEFyBO-CONICET, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, 17th Floor, 1121 Buenos Aires, Argentina Department of Pathology Schullich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Lawson Health Research Institute, St Joseph's Health Care, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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Fang J, Li Y, Zhou K, Hua Y, Wang C, Mu D. Antithetical regulation of α-myosin heavy chain between fetal and adult heart failure though shuttling of HDAC5 regulating YY-1 function. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2014; 15:147-56. [PMID: 25158672 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-014-9277-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Molecular switches of myosin isoforms are known to occur in various conditions. Here, we demonstrated the result from fetal heart failure and its potential mechanisms. Fetal and adult heart failure rat models were induced by injections of isoproterenol as previously described, and Go6976 was given to heart failing fetuses. Real-time PCR and Western blot were adopted to measure the expressions of α-MHC, β-MHC and YY-1. Co-immunoprecipitation was performed to analysis whether YY-1 interacts with HDAC5. Besides, histological immunofluorescence assessment was carried out to identify the location of HDAC5. α-MHC was recorded elevated in fetal heart failure which was decreased in adult heart failure. Besides, YY-1 was observed elevated both in fetal and adult failing hearts, but YY-1 could co-immunoprecipitation with HDAC5 only in adult hearts. Nuclear localization of HDAC5 was identified in adult cardiomyocytes, while cytoplasmic localization was identified in fetuses. After Go6976 supplied, HDAC5 shuttled into nucleuses interacted with YY-1. The myosin molecular switches were reversed with worsening cardiac functions and higher mortalities. Regulation of MHC in fetal heart failure was different from adult which provided a better compensation with increased α-MHC. This kind of transition was involved with shuttling of HDAC5 regulating YY-1 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Fang
- Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Benes J, Ammirabile G, Sankova B, Campione M, Krejci E, Kvasilova A, Sedmera D. The role of connexin40 in developing atrial conduction. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:1465-9. [PMID: 24486905 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Connexin40 (Cx40) is the main connexin expressed in the murine atria and ventricular conduction system. We assess here the developmental role of Cx40 in atrial conduction of the mouse. Cx40 deficiency significantly prolonged activation times in embryonic day 10.5, 12.5 and 14.5 atria during spontaneous activation; the severity decreased with increasing age. In a majority of Cx40 deficient mice the impulse originated from an ectopic focus in the right atrial appendage; in such a case the activation time was even longer due to prolonged activation. Cx40 has thus an important physiological role in the developing atria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Benes
- Department of Cardiovascular Morphogenesis, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic; Charles University in Prague, First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, U Nemocnice 3, Prague, Czech Republic; Charles University in Prague, First Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology of the First Faculty of Medicine and General Teaching Hospital, U Nemocnice 2, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Grazia Ammirabile
- CNR Institute of Neurosciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, Padova 35121, Italy
| | - Barbora Sankova
- Department of Cardiovascular Morphogenesis, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic; Charles University in Prague, First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, U Nemocnice 3, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marina Campione
- CNR Institute of Neurosciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, Padova 35121, Italy
| | - Eliska Krejci
- Department of Cardiovascular Morphogenesis, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic; Charles University in Prague, First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, U Nemocnice 3, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Kvasilova
- Charles University in Prague, First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, U Nemocnice 3, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Sedmera
- Department of Cardiovascular Morphogenesis, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic; Charles University in Prague, First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, U Nemocnice 3, Prague, Czech Republic
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Jin Z, Zhang W, Yang H, Wang X, Zheng Y, Zhang Q, Zhi J. Maternal treatment with agonistic autoantibodies against type-1 angiotensin II receptor in late pregnancy increases apoptosis of myocardial cells and myocardial susceptibility to ischemia-reperfusion injury in offspring rats. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80709. [PMID: 24278308 PMCID: PMC3837006 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that offspring born to mothers preeclampsia (PE) are at increased risk for developing cardiovascular diseases after birth, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. Angiotensin II receptor type 1 autoantibody (AT1-AA), an agonist acting via activation of the AT1 receptor, is believed to be involved in the pathogenesis of both PE and fetal growth restriction. The aim of the present study was to confirm the hypothesis that prenatal AT1-AA exposure increases the heart susceptibility to ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) in the offspring in an AT1-AA-induced animal model of PE, and determine whether or not the increase of maternal AT1-AA level is a factor contributing to sustained abnormalities of the heart structure during infancy. The hearts of 45-day-old offspring rats were studied using Langendorff preparation to determine the susceptibility of the heart to IRI. The results showed that the body weight of the maternal rats was not significantly different between the study and control groups, but the body weight of their offspring in AT1-AA group was decreased slightly at day 21 of gestational age, and at day 3 after birth. Although the heart weight index was not significantly affected at all ages examined, AT1-AA significantly increased the size of myocardial cells of the left ventricle (LV) at the age of 45 days. AT1-AA gained access to fetal circulation via the placenta and induced apoptosis of fetal myocardial cells. AT1-AA also significantly delayed recovery from IRI and affected the LV function of 45-day-old offspring. This was associated with a significant increase in IRI-induced LV myocardial infarct size. These results suggest that AT1-AA induced abnormal apoptosis of fetal myocardial cells during the fetal period and increased the cardiac susceptibility to IRI in adult offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Jin
- Department of Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hailiang Yang
- Department of Laboratory, Yuncheng City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yuncheng, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- Department of Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanqian Zheng
- Department of Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiaoyan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- * (QYZ); (JMZ)
| | - Jianming Zhi
- Department of Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * (QYZ); (JMZ)
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Strandberg LS, Cui X, Rath A, Liu J, Silverman ED, Liu X, Siragam V, Ackerley C, Su BB, Yan JY, Capecchi M, Biavati L, Accorroni A, Yuen W, Quattrone F, Lung K, Jaeggi ET, Backx PH, Deber CM, Hamilton RM. Congenital heart block maternal sera autoantibodies target an extracellular epitope on the α1G T-type calcium channel in human fetal hearts. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72668. [PMID: 24039792 PMCID: PMC3767782 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital heart block (CHB) is a transplacentally acquired autoimmune disease associated with anti-Ro/SSA and anti-La/SSB maternal autoantibodies and is characterized primarily by atrioventricular (AV) block of the fetal heart. This study aims to investigate whether the T-type calcium channel subunit α1G may be a fetal target of maternal sera autoantibodies in CHB. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We demonstrate differential mRNA expression of the T-type calcium channel CACNA1G (α1G gene) in the AV junction of human fetal hearts compared to the apex (18-22.6 weeks gestation). Using human fetal hearts (20-22 wks gestation), our immunoprecipitation (IP), Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence (IF) staining results, taken together, demonstrate accessibility of the α1G epitope on the surfaces of cardiomyocytes as well as reactivity of maternal serum from CHB affected pregnancies to the α1G protein. By ELISA we demonstrated maternal sera reactivity to α1G was significantly higher in CHB maternal sera compared to controls, and reactivity was epitope mapped to a peptide designated as p305 (corresponding to aa305-319 of the extracellular loop linking transmembrane segments S5-S6 in α1G repeat I). Maternal sera from CHB affected pregnancies also reacted more weakly to the homologous region (7/15 amino acids conserved) of the α1H channel. Electrophysiology experiments with single-cell patch-clamp also demonstrated effects of CHB maternal sera on T-type current in mouse sinoatrial node (SAN) cells. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Taken together, these results indicate that CHB maternal sera antibodies readily target an extracellular epitope of α1G T-type calcium channels in human fetal cardiomyocytes. CHB maternal sera also show reactivity for α1H suggesting that autoantibodies can target multiple fetal targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linn S. Strandberg
- Department of Physiology and Experimental Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xuezhi Cui
- Department of Physiology and Experimental Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arianna Rath
- Division of Molecular Structure and Function, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jie Liu
- Departments of Physiology and Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Earl D. Silverman
- Department of Physiology and Experimental Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiaoru Liu
- Department of Physiology and Experimental Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vinayakumar Siragam
- Department of Physiology and Experimental Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cameron Ackerley
- Department of Physiology and Experimental Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brenda Bin Su
- Department of Physiology and Experimental Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jane Yuqing Yan
- Department of Physiology and Experimental Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | - William Yuen
- Department of Physiology and Experimental Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Kalvin Lung
- Department of Physiology and Experimental Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Edgar T. Jaeggi
- Department of Physiology and Experimental Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter H. Backx
- Departments of Physiology and Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Cardiology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charles M. Deber
- Division of Molecular Structure and Function, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert M. Hamilton
- Department of Physiology and Experimental Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Samsa LA, Yang B, Liu J. Embryonic cardiac chamber maturation: Trabeculation, conduction, and cardiomyocyte proliferation. Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet 2013; 163C:157-68. [PMID: 23720419 PMCID: PMC3723796 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Congenital heart diseases are some of the most common human birth defects. Though some congenital heart defects can be surgically corrected, treatment options for other congenital heart diseases are very limited. In many congenital heart diseases, genetic defects lead to impaired embryonic heart development or growth. One of the key development processes in cardiac development is chamber maturation, and alterations in this maturation process can manifest as a variety of congenital defects including non-compaction, systolic dysfunction, diastolic dysfunction, and arrhythmia. During development, to meet the increasing metabolic demands of the developing embryo, the myocardial wall undergoes extensive remodeling characterized by the formation of muscular luminal protrusions called cardiac trabeculae, increased cardiomyocyte mass, and development of the ventricular conduction system. Though the basic morphological and cytological changes involved in early heart development are clear, much remains unknown about the complex biomolecular mechanisms governing chamber maturation. In this review, we highlight evidence suggesting that a wide variety of basic signaling pathways and biomechanical forces are involved in cardiac wall maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh Ann Samsa
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Betsy Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jiandong Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Jiang Q, Lust RM, DeWitt JC. Perfluorooctanoic acid induced-developmental cardiotoxicity: are peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α (PPARα) and bone morphorgenic protein 2 (BMP2) pathways involved? J Toxicol Environ Health A 2013; 76:635-650. [PMID: 23941634 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2013.789415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is an environmental contaminant known to induce developmental toxicity in animal models through activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα). Previously, it was demonstrated that in ovo exposure to PFOA induced cardiotoxicity in chicken embryos and hatchlings. To investigate potential PPARα-mediated mechanisms, fertile chicken eggs were injected prior to incubation with WY 14,643, a PPARα agonist. Cardiac morphology and function were evaluated in late-stage embryos and hatchlings. Histologically, unlike PFOA, WY 14,643 did not induce thinning of the right ventricular wall. Via echocardiography, however, WY 14,643 induced effects similar to those of PFOA, including increased left ventricular wall thickness and mass, elevated heart rate, ejection fraction, fractional shortening, and decreased stroke volume. Additionally, to investigate mechanisms associated with early heart development, a separate group of fertile chicken eggs was injected prior to incubation with PFOA or WY 14,643 and in early-stage embryos, gene expression and protein concentration associated with the bone morphogenic protein (BMP2) pathway were determined. Although changes were not statistically consistent among doses, expression of BMP2, Nkx2.5, and GATA4 mRNA in early embryos was altered by PFOA exposure; however, protein concentrations of these targets were not markedly altered by either PFOA or WY 14,643. Protein levels of pSMAD1/5, a transcriptional regulator stimulated by BMPs, were altered by both PFOA and WY 14,643, but in different directions; PFOA reduced cytoplasmic pSMAD1/5, whereas WY 14,643 decreased nuclear pSMAD1/5. Taken together, these data suggest that developmental cardiotoxicity induced by PFOA likely involves both PPARα and BMP2 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixiao Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27834, USA
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Ivars J, Butruille L, Knauf C, Bouckenooghe T, Mayeur S, Vieau D, Valet P, Deruelle P, Lesage J. Maternal hypertension induces tissue-specific modulations of the apelinergic system in the fetoplacental unit in rat. Peptides 2012; 35:136-8. [PMID: 22446510 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2012.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Revised: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Apelin and its receptor APJ are expressed in fetal tissues but their function and regulation remain largely unknown. In rat, maternal treatment with a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor inducing hypertension was used to investigate apelin plasma levels in mother/fetus pairs and on the gene expression level of the apelin/APJ system in fetal tissues and placenta. At term, plasma levels of apelin were not modulated but APJ expression was increased in placenta and lung but reduced in heart. Apelin expression was increased only in the heart. We postulate that the apelinergic system may control fetal growth and cardiovascular functions in utero.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Ivars
- Univ Lille Nord de France, Unité Environnement Périnatal et Croissance, EA 4489, Equipe dénutritions maternelles périnatales, Université de Lille 1, Bâtiment SN4, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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Desplantez T, McCain ML, Beauchamp P, Rigoli G, Rothen-Rutishauser B, Parker KK, Kleber AG. Connexin43 ablation in foetal atrial myocytes decreases electrical coupling, partner connexins, and sodium current. Cardiovasc Res 2012; 94:58-65. [PMID: 22287588 PMCID: PMC3307380 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvs025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Revised: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Remodelling and regional gradients in expression of connexins (Cx) are thought to contribute to atrial electrical dysfunction and atrial fibrillation. We assessed the effect of interaction between Cx43, Cx40, and Cx45 on atrial cell-to-cell coupling and inward Na current (I(Na)) in engineered pairs of atrial myocytes derived from wild-type mice (Cx43(+/+)) and mice with genetic ablation of Cx43 (Cx43(-/-)). METHODS AND RESULTS Cell pairs were engineered by microcontact printing from atrial Cx43(+/+) and Cx43(-/-) murine myocytes (1 day before birth, 3-5 days in culture). Dual and single voltage clamp were used to measure intercellular electrical conductance, g(j), and its dependence on transjunctional voltage, V(j), single gap junction channel conductances, and I(Na). 3D reconstructions of Cx43, Cx40, and Cx45 immunosignals in gap junctions were made from confocal slices. Full genetic Cx43 ablation produced a decrease in immunosignals of Cx40 to 62 ± 10% (mean ± SE; n= 17) and Cx45 to 66 ± 8% (n= 16). G(j) decreased from 80 ± 9 nS (Cx43(+/+), n= 17) to 24 ± 2 nS (Cx43(-/-), n= 35). Single channel analysis showed a shift in the main peak of the channel histogram from 49 ± 1.7 nS (Cx43(+/+)) to 67 ± 1.8 nS (Cx43(-/-)) with a second minor peak appearing at 27 ± 1.5 pS. The dependence of g(j) on V(j) decreased with Cx43 ablation. Importantly, peak I(Na) decreased from -350 ± 44 pA/pF (Cx43(+/+)) to -154 ± 28 pA/pF (Cx43(-/-)). CONCLUSIONS The dependence of Cx40, Cx45, and I(Na) on Cx43 expression indicates a complex interaction between connexins and I(Na) in the atrial intercalated discs that is likely to be of relevance for arrhythmogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Megan L. McCain
- Disease Biophysics Group, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Kevin Kit Parker
- Disease Biophysics Group, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Andre G. Kleber
- Department of Physiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Zhang Y, Chen WC, Huang GY. [Expression of bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 in myocardialization of cardiac proximal outflow tract septum in connexin 43 knockout embryonic mice]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2011; 91:2211-2215. [PMID: 22094042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanism of myocardialization of proximal outflow tract septum and its effect on the conotruncal anomaly in mice. METHODS The C(57)/BL(6) mice of embryonic day (E) 11.5 - 16.5 were selected. The phenotypes of connexin 43 (Cx43) homozygotes (Cx43(-/-)), heterozygotes (Cx43(+/-)) and wild-types (Cx43(+/+)) were genetically typed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 (Bmpr2) and α-sarcomeric acti (α-SCA) were detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The expression of α-SCA in the proximal outflow tract (OFT) septum was delayed obviously in Cx43(-/-) predominantly at E13.5 and E14.5. From E11.5 to E13.5, the expression of Bmpr2 was detected in cardiac atrium and epicardium of Cx43(+/+) fetal heart. And Bmpr2 was slightly expressed in ventricular muscle of Cx43(+/+) fetal heart. And it was expressed slightly only in cardiac atrium and epicardium of Cx43(+/-) and Cx43(-/-) fetal heart. From E14.5 to E16.5, its expression was detected obviously in cardiac atrium, epicardium, endocardium, trabeculum, ventricular muscle and OFT septum of Cx43(+/+) fetal heart. At E14.5, its expression was detected obviously in cardiac atrium, epicardium, endocardium and trabeculum of Cx43(+/-) and Cx43(-/-) fetal heart while none in ventricular muscle and OFT septum. At E15.5 and E16.5, its expression was detected obviously in cardiac atrium, epicardium, endocardium, trabeculum, ventricular muscle and OFT septum of Cx43(+/-) and Cx43(-/-) fetal heart. Its expression was also detected obviously in OFT septum of Cx43(+/-) and Cx43(-/-) fetal heart with incomplete myocardialization. CONCLUSION Cx43KO embryonic mice exhibit delayed myocardialization. As compared with the Cx43(+/+), the expression of Bmpr2 in proximal OFT septum was delayed obviously in Cx43(+/-) and Cx43(-/-) mice. And the expression of Bmpr2 is abnormal in OFT septum of Cx43(+/-) and Cx43(-/-) fetal heart. Bmpr2 may be involved in the interaction between epicardium and myocardium. It may be a critical mechanism in the maturation process of cardiac muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Pediatric Heart Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
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Yamamoto M, Abe SI, Rodríguez-Vázquez JF, Fujimiya M, Murakami G, Ide Y. Immunohistochemical distribution of desmin in the human fetal heart. J Anat 2011; 219:253-8. [PMID: 21496015 PMCID: PMC3162244 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2011.01382.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Desmin is a member of the intermediate filaments, which play crucial roles in the maturation, maintenance and recovery of muscle fibers. Its expression has been examined in human cardiac muscle, rat and chicken, but its spatial distribution in the human fetal heart has not been described. The present study investigated desmin expression in the human fetal heart and associated great vessels in 14 mid-term fetuses from 9 to 18 weeks of gestation. Immunoreactivity for myosin heavy chain (MHC) and alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), as well as neuron-specific enolase (NSE), was also examined. Increased expression of desmin from 9 to 18 weeks was clearly localized in the atrial wall, the proximal portions of the pulmonary vein and vena cava, and around the atrioventricular node. Desmin-positive structures were also positive for MHC. Meanwhile, the great vessels were also positive for α-SMA. The distribution of desmin exhibited a pattern quite different from that described in previous studies of rat and chicken. Thus, desmin in the human fetal heart does not seem to play a general role in myocardial differentiation but rather a specific role closely related to the maturation of the α-isozyme of MHC. Desmin expression in the developing fetal heart also appeared to be induced by mechanical stress due to the involvement of venous walls against the atrium.
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Kong B, Liu YL, Lü XD. Microarray-bioinformatics analysis of altered genomic expression profiles between human fetal and infant myocardium. Chin Med J (Engl) 2008; 121:1257-1264. [PMID: 18713543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The physiological differences between fetal and postnatal heart have been well characterized at the cellular level. However, the genetic mechanisms governing and regulating these differences have only been partially elucidated. Elucidation of the differentially expressed genes profile before and after birth has never been systematically proposed and analyzed. METHODS The human oligonucleotide microarray and bioinformatics analysis approaches were applied to isolate and classify the differentially expressed genes between fetal and infant cardiac tissue samples. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to confirm the results from the microarray. RESULTS Two hundred and forty-two differentially expressed genes were discovered and classified into 13 categories, including genes related to energy metabolism, myocyte hyperplasia, development, muscle contraction, protein synthesis and degradation, extracellular matrix components, transcription factors, apoptosis, signal pathway molecules, organelle organization and several other biological processes. Moreover, 95 genes were identified which had not previously been reported to be expressed in the heart. CONCLUSIONS The study systematically analyzed the alteration of the gene expression profile between the human fetal and infant myocardium. A number of genes were discovered which had not been reported to be expressed in the heart. The data provided insight into the physical development mechanisms of the heart before and after birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Kong
- Pediatric Cardiac Center, Cardiovascular Institute and Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China.
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Lindegaard MLS, Nielsen LB. Maternal diabetes causes coordinated down-regulation of genes involved with lipid metabolism in the murine fetal heart. Metabolism 2008; 57:766-73. [PMID: 18502258 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2008.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2007] [Accepted: 01/10/2008] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Maternal diabetes is associated with increased transport of lipids to the fetus and increased risk of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in the fetus. During fetal life, the heart normally has limited capacity to use lipids as fuel; and, at least in adults, cardiac lipid accumulation may lead to cardiomyopathy. Postnatally, lipid supply is increased when the offspring begins to suckle. We examined offspring from hypoinsulinemic Ins2(Akita) mice to assess whether maternal diabetes results in fetal myocardial hypertrophy and triglyceride accumulation and compared these with fetal hearts collected postnatally. On embryonic days 16 to 19, the fetal heart weight and triglyceride content were similar in offspring from Ins2(Akita) and nondiabetic wild-type mothers. The heart expression of lipid-metabolizing genes (peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor alpha, lipoprotein lipase, fatty acid translocase, and fatty acid transport protein 1) was reduced in offspring from Ins2(Akita) mothers with high blood glucose levels and were closely intercorrelated, suggesting coordinated down-regulation. In contrast, on day 1 postnatally where the lipid availability to the heart is markedly increased, heart triglycerides and expression of several lipid-metabolizing genes (including lipoprotein lipase and fatty acid transport protein 1) were increased in offspring from wild-type mice. The results suggest that maternal type 1 diabetes mellitus in Ins2(Akita) mice does not cause cardiac hypertrophy or triglycerides accumulation in the fetal heart, possibly because of a coordinated down-regulation of genes controlling fatty acid uptake.
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Jones CT, Rolph TP. Metabolic events associated with the preparation of the fetus for independent life. Ciba Found Symp 2008; 86:214-33. [PMID: 6802587 DOI: 10.1002/9780470720684.ch10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic changes late in fetal development that are essential for neonatal survival are discussed. In many species gluconeogenesis develops before birth but provides substrate for intracellular biosynthesis and not for glucose production because of low activities of glucose 6-phosphate translocase. At the time of glycogen deposition in species with a relatively mature brain at birth the translocase develops and glucagon and adrenaline can stimulate glucose production and synthesis to elevate blood glucose concentrations both pre- and postnatally. The other metabolic fuel accumulated before birth, fat, can also be mobilized prenatally and in fetuses that are relatively mature at birth it may be used as an alternative fuel. The fetal rat brain can oxidize fatty acids and the brain of fetuses such as that of the guinea-pig and man can oxidize ketone bodies before birth. The timing and degree of oxidation of ketone bodies relates to the timing of myelination and protects the brain against hypoglycaemia. These late changes in development are associated with a sharp increase in plasma cortisol and adrenaline concentrations and a high fetal insulin concentration.
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Galli D, Domínguez JN, Zaffran S, Munk A, Brown NA, Buckingham ME. Atrial myocardium derives from the posterior region of the second heart field, which acquires left-right identity as Pitx2c is expressed. Development 2008; 135:1157-67. [PMID: 18272591 DOI: 10.1242/dev.014563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Splanchnic mesoderm in the region described as the second heart field (SHF) is marked by Islet1 expression in the mouse embryo. The anterior part of this region expresses a number of markers, including Fgf10, and the contribution of these cells to outflow tract and right ventricular myocardium has been established. We now show that the posterior region also has myocardial potential, giving rise specifically to differentiated cells of the atria. This conclusion is based on explant experiments using endogenous and transgenic markers and on DiI labelling, followed by embryo culture. Progenitor cells in the right or left posterior SHF contribute to the right or left common atrium, respectively. Explant experiments with transgenic embryos, in which the transgene marks the right atrium, show that atrial progenitor cells acquire right-left identity between the 4- and 6-somite stages, at the time when Pitx2c is first expressed. Manipulation of Pitx2c, by gain- and loss-of-function, shows that it represses the transgenic marker of right atrial identity. A repressive effect is also seen on the proliferation of cells in the left sinus venosus and in cultured explants from the left side of the posterior SHF. This report provides new insights into the contribution of the SHF to atrial myocardium and the effect of Pitx2c on the formation of the left atrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Galli
- Department of Developmental Biology, URA 2578 CNRS, Pasteur Institute, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris, France
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Takehara-Kasamatsu Y, Tsuchida K, Nakatani M, Murakami T, Kurisaki A, Hashimoto O, Ohuchi H, Kurose H, Mori K, Kagami S, Noji S, Sugino H. Characterization of follistatin-related gene as a negative regulatory factor for activin family members during mouse heart development. J Med Invest 2007; 54:276-88. [PMID: 17878677 DOI: 10.2152/jmi.54.276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Follistatin-related gene (FLRG) encodes a secretory glycoprotein that has characteristic cysteine-rich follistatin domains. FLRG protein binds to and neutralizes several transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily members, including myostatin (MSTN), which is a potent negative regulator of skeletal muscle mass. We have previously reported that FLRG was abundantly expressed in fetal and adult mouse heart. In this study, we analyzed the expression of FLRG mRNA during mouse heart development. FLRG mRNA was continuously expressed in the embryonic heart, whereas it was very low in skeletal muscles. By contrast, MSTN mRNA was highly expressed in embryonic skeletal muscles, whereas the expression of MSTN mRNA was rather low in the heart. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemical analysis revealed that FLRG expressed in smooth muscle of the aorta and pulmonary artery, valve leaflets of mitral and tricuspid valves, and cardiac muscles in the ventricle of mouse embryonic heart. However, MSTN was expressed in very limited areas, such as valve leaflets of pulmonary and aortic valves, the top of the ventricular and atrial septa. Interestingly, the expression of MSTN was complementary to that of FLRG, especially in the valvular apparatus. Biochemical analyses with surface plasmon resonance biosensor and reporter assays demonstrated that FLRG hardly dissociates from MSTN and activin once it bound to them, and efficiently inhibits these activities. Our results suggest that FLRG could function as a negative regulator of activin family members including MSTN during heart development.
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