1
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Lavogina D, Nasirova N, Sõrmus T, Tähtjärv T, Enkvist E, Viht K, Haljasorg T, Herodes K, Jaal J, Uri A. Conjugates of adenosine mimetics and arginine-rich peptides serve as inhibitors and fluorescent probes but not as long-lifetime photoluminescent probes for protein arginine methyltransferases. J Pept Sci 2023; 29:e3456. [PMID: 36208424 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The conjugates of an adenosine mimetic and oligo-l-arginine or oligo-d-arginine (ARCs) were initially designed in our research group as inhibitors and photoluminescent probes targeting basophilic protein kinases. Here, we explored a panel of ARCs and their fluorescent derivatives in biochemical assays with members of the protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMT) family, focusing specifically on PRMT1. In the binding/displacement assay with detection of fluorescence anisotropy, we found that ARCs and arginine-rich peptides could serve as high-affinity ligands for PRMT1, whereas the equilibrium dissociation constant values depended dramatically on the number of arginine residues within the compounds. The fluorescently labeled probe ARC-1081 was displaced from its complex with PRMT1 by both S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM) and S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine (SAH), indicating binding of the adenosine mimetic of ARCs to the SAM/SAH-binding site within PRMT1. The ARCs that had previously shown microsecond-lifetime photoluminescence in complex with protein kinases did not feature such property in complex with PRMT1, demonstrating the selectivity of the time-resolved readout format. When tested against a panel of PRMT family members in single-dose inhibition experiments, a micromolar concentration of ARC-902 was required for the inhibition of PRMT1 and PRMT7. Overall, our results suggest that the compounds containing multiple arginine residues (including the well-known cell-penetrating peptides) are likely to inhibit PRMT and thus interfere with the epigenetic modification status in complex biological systems, which should be taken into consideration during interpretation of the experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darja Lavogina
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Naila Nasirova
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tanel Sõrmus
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Taavo Tähtjärv
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Erki Enkvist
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kaido Viht
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tõiv Haljasorg
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Koit Herodes
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jana Jaal
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Radiotherapy and Oncological Therapy, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Asko Uri
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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2
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Sõrmus T, Lavogina D, Teearu A, Enkvist E, Uri A, Viht K. Construction of Covalent Bisubstrate Inhibitor of Protein Kinase Reacting with Cysteine Residue at Substrate-Binding Site. J Med Chem 2022; 65:10975-10991. [PMID: 35960538 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent clinical success with targeted covalent inhibitors points to new possibilities for development of protein kinase (PK)-targeted drugs by exploiting reactive cysteine residues in and around the ATP-binding site. However, more than 300 human PKs lack cysteine residues in the ATP-binding site. Here, we report the first covalent bisubstrate PK inhibitor whose electrophilic warhead reaches outside the ATP-binding site and reacts with a distant cysteine residue. A series of covalent inhibitors and their reversible counterparts were synthesized and characterized. The most potent reversible inhibitor possessed picomolar affinity and its cysteine-reactive counterpart revealed high value of kinact/KI ratio (6.2 × 107 M-1 s-1) for the reaction with the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent PK (PKAc). Under optimized conditions, fluorescent dye-labeled covalent inhibitors demonstrated PKA-selectivity in the cell lysate and reacted with several proteins inside live cells, including PKAc. The disclosed compounds serve as leads for targeting PKs possessing an analogously positioned cysteine residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanel Sõrmus
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 14A Ravila St., 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Darja Lavogina
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 14A Ravila St., 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Anu Teearu
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 14A Ravila St., 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Erki Enkvist
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 14A Ravila St., 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Asko Uri
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 14A Ravila St., 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kaido Viht
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 14A Ravila St., 50411 Tartu, Estonia
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3
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Lavogina D, Stepanjuk A, Peters M, Samuel K, Kasvandik S, Khatun M, Arffman RK, Enkvist E, Viht K, Kopanchuk S, Lättekivi F, Velthut-Meikas A, Uri A, Piltonen TT, Rinken A, Salumets A. Progesterone triggers Rho kinase-cofilin axis during in vitro and in vivo endometrial decidualization. Hum Reprod 2021; 36:2230-2248. [PMID: 34270712 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deab161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Can a combination of the focussed protein kinase assays and a wide-scale proteomic screen pinpoint novel, clinically relevant players in decidualization in vitro and in vivo? SUMMARY ANSWER Rho-dependent protein kinase (ROCK) activity is elevated in response to the combined treatment with progesterone and 8-Br-cAMP during in vitro decidualization, mirrored by increase of ROCK2 mRNA and protein levels and the phosphorylation levels of its downstream target Cofilin-1 (CFL1) in secretory versus proliferative endometrium. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Decidualization is associated with extensive changes in gene expression profile, proliferation, metabolism and morphology of endometrium, yet only a few underlying molecular pathways have been systematically explored. In vitro decidualization of endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) can be reportedly induced using multiple protocols with variable physiological relevance. In our previous studies, cyclic AMP (cAMP)/cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA)/prolactin axis that is classically upregulated during decidualization showed dampened activation in ESCs isolated from polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients as compared to controls. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION In vitro decidualization studies were carried out in passage 2 ESCs isolated from controls (N = 15) and PCOS patients (N = 9). In parallel, lysates of non-cultured ESCs isolated from proliferative (N = 4) or secretory (N = 4) endometrial tissue were explored. The observed trends were confirmed using cryo-cut samples of proliferative (N = 3) or secretory endometrium (N = 3), and in proliferative or secretory full tissue samples from controls (N = 8 and N = 9, respectively) or PCOS patients (N = 10 for both phases). PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS The activities of four target kinases were explored using kinase-responsive probes and selective inhibitors in lysates of in vitro decidualized ESCs and non-cultured ESCs isolated from tissue at different phases of the menstrual cycle. In the latter lysates, wide-scale proteomic and phosphoproteomic studies were further carried out. ROCK2 mRNA expression was explored in full tissue samples from controls or PCOS patients. The immunofluorescent staining of phosphorylated CFL1 was performed in full endometrial tissue samples, and in the in vitro decidualized fixed ESCs from controls or PCOS patients. Finally, the cellular migration properties were explored in live in vitro decidualized ESCs. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE During in vitro decidualization, the activities of PKA, protein kinase B (Akt/PKB), and ROCK are increased while the activity of casein kinase 2 (CK2) is decreased; these initial trends are observable after 4-day treatment (P < 0.05) and are further augmented following the 9-day treatment (P < 0.001) with mixtures containing progesterone and 8-Br-cAMP or forskolin. The presence of progesterone is necessary for activation of ROCK, yet it is dispensable in the case of PKA and Akt/PKB; in comparison to controls, PCOS patient-derived ESCs feature dampened response to progesterone. In non-cultured ESCs isolated from secretory vs proliferative phase tissue, only activity of ROCK is increased (P < 0.01). ROCK2 protein levels are slightly elevated in secretory versus proliferative ESCs (relative mean standard deviation < 50%), and ROCK2 mRNA is elevated in mid-secretory versus proliferative full tissue samples (P < 0.05) obtained from controls but not PCOS patients. Activation of ROCK2 downstream signalling results in increase of phospho-S3 CFL1 in secretory endometrium (P < 0.001) as well as in vitro decidualized ESCs (P < 0.01) from controls but not PCOS patients. ROCK2-triggered alterations in the cytoskeleton are reflected by the significantly decreased motility of in vitro decidualized ESCs (P < 0.05). LARGE SCALE DATA Proteomic and phosphoproteomic data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD026243. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The number of biological samples was limited. The duration of protocol for isolation of non-cultured ESCs from tissue can potentially affect phosphorylation pathways in cells, yet the possible artefacts were minimized by the identical treatment of proliferative and secretory samples. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The study demonstrated the benefits of combining the focussed kinase activity assay with wide-scale phosphoproteomics and showed the need for detailed elaboration of the in vitro decidualization protocols. ROCK was identified as the novel target of interest in decidualization, which requires closer attention in further studies-including the context of decidualization-related subfertility and infertility. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study was funded by the Estonian Ministry of Education and Research, and the Estonian Research Council (PRG1076, PRG454, PSG230 and PSG608), Enterprise Estonia (EU48695), Horizon 2020 innovation grant (ERIN, Grant no. EU952516) of the European Commission, the COMBIVET ERA Chair, H2020-WIDESPREAD-2018-04 (Grant agreement no. 857418), the Academy of Finland (Project grants 315921 and 321763), the Finnish Medical Foundation and The Sigrid Juselius Foundation. The authors confirm that they have no conflict of interest with respect to the content of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darja Lavogina
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Artjom Stepanjuk
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Maire Peters
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Külli Samuel
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Sergo Kasvandik
- Proteomics Core Facility, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Masuma Khatun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, PEDEGO Research Unit, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Riikka K Arffman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, PEDEGO Research Unit, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Erki Enkvist
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kaido Viht
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Sergei Kopanchuk
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Freddy Lättekivi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Estonia.,COMBIVET ERA Chair, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Estonia
| | - Agne Velthut-Meikas
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Asko Uri
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Terhi T Piltonen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, PEDEGO Research Unit, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ago Rinken
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Andres Salumets
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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4
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Nonga OE, Enkvist E, Herberg FW, Uri A. Inhibitors and fluorescent probes for protein kinase PKAcβ and its S54L mutant, identified in a patient with cortisol producing adenoma. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2020; 84:1839-1845. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2020.1772038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Recently, a mutation was discovered in the gene PRKACB encoding the catalytic subunit β of PKA (PKAcβ) from a patient with severe Cushing’s syndrome. This mutation, S54L, leads to a structural change in the glycine-rich loop of the protein. In the present study, an inhibitor with six-fold selectivity toward S54L-PKAcβ mutant over the wild-type enzyme was constructed. Moreover, we developed a fluorescent assay allowing to determine side by side the affinity of commercially available PKA inhibitors, newly synthesized compounds, and fluorescent probes toward PKAcβ and S54L-PKAcβ.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erki Enkvist
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Asko Uri
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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5
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Nonga OE, Lavogina D, Ivan T, Viht K, Enkvist E, Uri A. Discovery of strong inhibitory properties of a monoclonal antibody of PKA and use of the antibody and a competitive photoluminescent orthosteric probe for analysis of the protein kinase. Biochim Biophys Acta Proteins Proteom 2020; 1868:140427. [PMID: 32283249 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2020.140427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We show that the antibody, clone mAb(D38C6), of the α isoform of the catalytic subunit of PKA (PKAcα) inhibits the kinase-catalyzed phosphorylation with low-nanomolar inhibitory potency (Ki = 2.4 nM). This property of the antibody was established by its capacity to displace a synthetic small-molecule active site-binding (orthosteric) photoluminescent ARC-Lum(Fluo) probe from the complex with PKAcα. Likely, the competitiveness of association of the two binders with the protein is coming from two excluding conformations of PKAcα to which the binders bind. mAb(D38C6) possesses a linear peptide epitope and it binds to the disordered C-tail of unliganded inactive conformer of PKAcα. ARC-Lum(Fluo) probes bind to the ordered and active conformation of PKAcα with Phe327 residue from the C-tail taking part in the formation of the active core. Consecutive application of these competitive PKAcα binders was used to develop an immunoassay allowing the determination of PKAcα concentration in complex biological solutions. At first, PKAcα was captured from the solution by the isoform-specific antibody and thereafter a high-affinity ARC-Lum(Fluo) probe was used to displace PKAcα from the binary complex. The developed immunoassay could be used for quantification of small amounts (starting from 93 pg, 2.3 fmol) of PKAcα in cell lysates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Etebe Nonga
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 14A Ravila St., 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Darja Lavogina
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 14A Ravila St., 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Taavi Ivan
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 14A Ravila St., 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kaido Viht
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 14A Ravila St., 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Erki Enkvist
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 14A Ravila St., 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Asko Uri
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 14A Ravila St., 50411 Tartu, Estonia.
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6
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Anahory Y, Naren HR, Lachman EO, Buhbut Sinai S, Uri A, Embon L, Yaakobi E, Myasoedov Y, Huber ME, Klajn R, Zeldov E. SQUID-on-tip with single-electron spin sensitivity for high-field and ultra-low temperature nanomagnetic imaging. Nanoscale 2020; 12:3174-3182. [PMID: 31967152 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr08578e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Scanning nanoscale superconducting quantum interference devices (nanoSQUIDs) are of growing interest for highly sensitive quantitative imaging of magnetic, spintronic, and transport properties of low-dimensional systems. Utilizing specifically designed grooved quartz capillaries pulled into a sharp pipette, we have fabricated the smallest SQUID-on-tip (SOT) devices with effective diameters down to 39 nm. Integration of a resistive shunt in close proximity to the pipette apex combined with self-aligned deposition of In and Sn, has resulted in SOTs with a flux noise of 42 nΦ0 Hz-1/2, yielding a record low spin noise of 0.29 μB Hz-1/2. In addition, the new SOTs function at sub-Kelvin temperatures and in high magnetic fields of over 2.5 T. Integrating the SOTs into a scanning probe microscope allowed us to image the stray field of a single Fe3O4 nanocube at 300 mK. Our results show that the easy magnetization axis direction undergoes a transition from the 〈111〉 direction at room temperature to an in-plane orientation, which could be attributed to the Verwey phase transition in Fe3O4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Anahory
- Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel.
| | - H R Naren
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - E O Lachman
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - S Buhbut Sinai
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - A Uri
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - L Embon
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - E Yaakobi
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Y Myasoedov
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - M E Huber
- Departments of Physics and Electrical Engineering, University of Colorado Denver, Denver 80217, USA
| | - R Klajn
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - E Zeldov
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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7
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Pietsch M, Viht K, Schnitzler A, Ekambaram R, Steinkrüger M, Enkvist E, Nienberg C, Nickelsen A, Lauwers M, Jose J, Uri A, Niefind K. Unexpected CK2β-antagonistic functionality of bisubstrate inhibitors targeting protein kinase CK2. Bioorg Chem 2020; 96:103608. [PMID: 32058103 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinase CK2, a heterotetrameric holoenzyme composed of two catalytic chains (CK2α) attached to a homodimer of regulatory subunits (CK2β), is a target for drug development for cancer therapy. Here, we describe the tetraiodobenzimidazole derivative ARC-3140, a bisubstrate inhibitor addressing the ATP site and the substrate-binding site of CK2 with extraordinary affinity (Ki = 84 pM). In a crystal structure of ARC-3140 in complex with CK2α, three copies of the inhibitor are visible, one of them at the CK2β interface of CK2α. Subsequent interaction studies based on microscale thermophoresis and fluorescence anisotropy changes revealed a significant impact of ARC-3140 and of its tetrabromo equivalent ARC-1502 on the CK2α/CK2β interaction. A structural inspection revealed that ARC-3140, unlike CK2β antagonists described so far, interferes with both sub-interfaces of the bipartite CK2α/CK2β interaction. Thus, ARC-3140 is a lead for the further development of highly effective compounds perturbating the quaternary structure of the CK2α2β2 holoenzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Pietsch
- Institut II für Pharmakologie, Zentrum für Pharmakologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Universität zu Köln, Gleueler Str. 24, D-50931 Köln, Germany
| | - Kaido Viht
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 14A Ravila St., 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Alexander Schnitzler
- Institut für Biochemie, Department für Chemie, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Str. 47, D-50674 Köln, Germany
| | - Ramesh Ekambaram
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 14A Ravila St., 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Michaela Steinkrüger
- Institut II für Pharmakologie, Zentrum für Pharmakologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Universität zu Köln, Gleueler Str. 24, D-50931 Köln, Germany
| | - Erki Enkvist
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 14A Ravila St., 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Christian Nienberg
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, PharmaCampus, Corrensstr. 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Anna Nickelsen
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, PharmaCampus, Corrensstr. 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Miriam Lauwers
- Institut II für Pharmakologie, Zentrum für Pharmakologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Universität zu Köln, Gleueler Str. 24, D-50931 Köln, Germany
| | - Joachim Jose
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, PharmaCampus, Corrensstr. 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Asko Uri
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 14A Ravila St., 50411 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Karsten Niefind
- Institut für Biochemie, Department für Chemie, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Str. 47, D-50674 Köln, Germany.
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- Asko Uri
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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9
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Sõrmus T, Lavogina D, Enkvist E, Uri A, Viht K. Efficient photocaging of a tight-binding bisubstrate inhibitor of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:11147-11150. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc04978a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PKA bisubstrate inhibitor photocaging resulted in an over 5 orders of magnitude affinity difference between the photocaged and the active inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanel Sõrmus
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Tartu
- 50411 Tartu
- Estonia
| | - Darja Lavogina
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Tartu
- 50411 Tartu
- Estonia
| | - Erki Enkvist
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Tartu
- 50411 Tartu
- Estonia
| | - Asko Uri
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Tartu
- 50411 Tartu
- Estonia
| | - Kaido Viht
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Tartu
- 50411 Tartu
- Estonia
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10
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Santio NM, Landor SKJ, Vahtera L, Ylä-Pelto J, Paloniemi E, Imanishi SY, Corthals G, Varjosalo M, Manoharan GB, Uri A, Lendahl U, Sahlgren C, Koskinen PJ. Phosphorylation of Notch1 by Pim kinases promotes oncogenic signaling in breast and prostate cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017; 7:43220-43238. [PMID: 27281612 PMCID: PMC5190019 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumorigenesis is a multistep process involving co-operation between several deregulated oncoproteins. In this study, we unravel previously unrecognized interactions and crosstalk between Pim kinases and the Notch signaling pathway, with implications for both breast and prostate cancer. We identify Notch1 and Notch3, but not Notch2, as novel Pim substrates and demonstrate that for Notch1, the serine residue 2152 is phosphorylated by all three Pim family kinases. This target site is located in the second nuclear localization sequence (NLS) of the Notch1 intracellular domain (N1ICD), and is shown to be important for both nuclear localization and transcriptional activity of N1ICD. Phosphorylation-dependent stimulation of Notch1 signaling promotes migration of prostate cancer cells, balances glucose metabolism in breast cancer cells, and supports in vivo growth of both types of cancer cells on chick embryo chorioallantoic membranes. Furthermore, Pim-induced growth of orthotopic prostate xenografts in mice is associated with enhanced nuclear Notch1 activity. Finally, simultaneous inhibition of Pim and Notch abrogates the cellular responses more efficiently than individual treatments, opening up new vistas for combinatorial cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niina M Santio
- Section of Genetics and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Drug Research Doctoral Programme, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sebastian K-J Landor
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura Vahtera
- Section of Genetics and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jani Ylä-Pelto
- Section of Genetics and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Drug Research Doctoral Programme, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Susumu Y Imanishi
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Current address: Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Garry Corthals
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Current address: Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Markku Varjosalo
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Asko Uri
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Urban Lendahl
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Sahlgren
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Päivi J Koskinen
- Section of Genetics and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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11
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Rahnel H, Viht K, Lavogina D, Mazina O, Haljasorg T, Enkvist E, Uri A. A Selective Biligand Inhibitor of CK2 Increases Caspase-3 Activity in Cancer Cells and Inhibits Platelet Aggregation. ChemMedChem 2017; 12:1723-1736. [PMID: 28837260 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells express high levels of CK2, and its inhibition leads to apoptosis. CK2 has therefore emerged as a new drug target for cancer therapy. A biligand inhibitor ARC-772 was constructed by conjugating 4-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)benzoic acid and a carboxylate-rich peptoid. ARC-772 was found to bind CK2 with a Kd value of 0.3 nm and showed remarkable CK2 inhibitory selectivity in a panel of 140 protein kinases (Gini coefficient: 0.75 at c=100 nm). ARC-775, the acetoxymethyl ester prodrug of ARC-772, was efficiently taken up by cells. Once internalized, the inhibitor is activated by cellular esterase activity. In HeLa cancer cells ARC-775 was found to activate caspase-3 (an apoptosis marker) at sub-micromolar concentrations (EC50 =0.3 μm), a 20-fold lower extracellular concentration than CX-4945, the only CK2 inhibitor under clinical trials. At micromolar concentrations, ARC-775 was also found to inhibit ADP-induced aggregation of human platelets. The overall results of this study demonstrate that oligo-anionic biligand inhibitors have good potential for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedi Rahnel
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14A, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kaido Viht
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14A, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Darja Lavogina
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14A, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Olga Mazina
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14A, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tõiv Haljasorg
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14A, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Erki Enkvist
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14A, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Asko Uri
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14A, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
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12
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Kestav K, Uri A, Lavogina D. Structure, Roles and Inhibitors of a Mitotic Protein Kinase Haspin. Curr Med Chem 2017; 24:2276-2293. [PMID: 28413956 DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666170414155520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Haspin (haploid germ cell-specific nuclear protein kinase) is an atypical serine/threonine-protein kinase that was for a long time considered an inactive pseudokinase due to low degree of structural homology of Haspin with the 'classical' protein kinases. However, the discovery of Haspin-catalyzed phosphorylation of histone H3 at Thr3 residue unveiled importance of Haspin in mitosis and provided yet another link between mitotic phosphorylation pathways and chromatin modifications. RESULTS In this review of 111 publications, we have (1) briefly summarized catalytic properties and physiological roles of Haspin, (2) focussed on the architecture of Haspin and mechanisms behind its substrate recognition, (3) provided detailed insight into the advances in the development and characterization of Haspin-selective inhibitors, and (4) given overview of inhibitor scaffolds that despite targeting other protein kinases feature Haspin as a common off-target. CONCLUSION The chemical space of Haspin-targeting low-molecular-weight-compounds has not yet been widely explored, but several scaffolds (e.g., derivatives of acridine, β-carboline or 5-iodotubercidin) have emerged as promising inhibitors. The inclusion of Haspin into protein kinase panels for profiling of low-molecular-weight-compounds in several recent studies has provided valuable information about the structure-affinity or structure-activity relationship of well-known or novel inhibitors towards Haspin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Kestav
- University of Tartu, Institute of Chemistry, Ravila 14A, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Asko Uri
- University of Tartu, Institute of Chemistry, Ravila 14A, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Darja Lavogina
- University of Tartu, Institute of Chemistry, Ravila 14A, Tartu 50411, Estonia
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13
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Abstract
Dissociation of the complex of a ligand and a protein usually follows the kinetic profile of the first order process and the rate of dissociation is not affected by the presence of competitive ligands. We discovered that dissociation of the complex between a bifunctional ligand and a protein kinase (the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase), an enzyme possessing 2 different substrate binding sites, was accelerated (facilitated) over 50-fold in the presence of competitive ligands at higher concentrations. Structurally diverse compounds revealed >10-fold different efficiency for acceleration of dissociation of the complex. These results show that the kinetic behavior of flexible biomolecular complexes possessing two spatially separated contact areas is highly dynamic. This property of biomolecular complexes should be carefully considered for effective application of bifunctional ligands for regulation of activity of target proteins in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taavi Ivan
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 14A Ravila St., 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Erki Enkvist
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 14A Ravila St., 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Hedi Sinijarv
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 14A Ravila St., 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Asko Uri
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 14A Ravila St., 50411 Tartu, Estonia.
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14
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Kestav K, Viht K, Konovalov A, Enkvist E, Uri A, Lavogina D. Slowly on, Slowly off: Bisubstrate-Analogue Conjugates of 5-Iodotubercidin and Histone H3 Peptide Targeting Protein Kinase Haspin. Chembiochem 2017; 18:790-798. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Kestav
- Institute of Chemistry; University of Tartu; Ravila 14A 50411 Tartu Estonia
| | - Kaido Viht
- Institute of Chemistry; University of Tartu; Ravila 14A 50411 Tartu Estonia
| | - Anton Konovalov
- Institute of Chemistry; University of Tartu; Ravila 14A 50411 Tartu Estonia
| | - Erki Enkvist
- Institute of Chemistry; University of Tartu; Ravila 14A 50411 Tartu Estonia
| | - Asko Uri
- Institute of Chemistry; University of Tartu; Ravila 14A 50411 Tartu Estonia
| | - Darja Lavogina
- Institute of Chemistry; University of Tartu; Ravila 14A 50411 Tartu Estonia
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15
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Vahter J, Viht K, Uri A, Enkvist E. Oligo-aspartic acid conjugates with benzo[c][2,6]naphthyridine-8-carboxylic acid scaffold as picomolar inhibitors of CK2. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:2277-2284. [PMID: 28274673 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Structurally diverse inhibitors of the protein kinase CK2 are required for regulation of this ubiquitous protein to establish biological roles of the enzyme which catalyzes the phosphorylation of a vast number of substrate proteins. In this article we disclose a series of new bisubstrate inhibitors of CK2 that are structurally represented by the oligo(l-Asp) peptide conjugates of benzo[c][2,6]naphthyridine-8-carboxylic acid. This fragment originated from CX-4945, the first in class inhibitor taken to clinical trials. The most potent conjugates possessed two-digit picomolar affinity and clear selectivity for CK2α in a panel of 140 protein kinases. Labeling of the inhibitors with a fluorescent dye yielded probes for a fluorescence anisotropy-based binding/displacement assay which can be used for analysis of CK2 and precise determination of affinity of the highly potent (tight-binding) CK2-targeting inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Vahter
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 14A Ravila St., 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kaido Viht
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 14A Ravila St., 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Asko Uri
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 14A Ravila St., 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Erki Enkvist
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 14A Ravila St., 50411 Tartu, Estonia.
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16
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Ligi K, Enkvist E, Uri A. Correction to “Deoxygenation Increases Photoluminescence Lifetime of Protein-Responsive Organic Probes with Triplet–Singlet Resonant Energy Transfer”. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:10421. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b09086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Ivan T, Enkvist E, Viira B, Manoharan GB, Raidaru G, Pflug A, Alam KA, Zaccolo M, Engh RA, Uri A. Bifunctional Ligands for Inhibition of Tight-Binding Protein-Protein Interactions. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:1900-10. [PMID: 27389935 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The acknowledged potential of small-molecule therapeutics targeting disease-related protein-protein interactions (PPIs) has promoted active research in this field. The strategy of using small molecule inhibitors (SMIs) to fight strong (tight-binding) PPIs tends to fall short due to the flat and wide interfaces of PPIs. Here we propose a biligand approach for disruption of strong PPIs. The potential of this approach was realized for disruption of the tight-binding (KD = 100 pM) tetrameric holoenzyme of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). Supported by X-ray analysis of cocrystals, bifunctional inhibitors (ARC-inhibitors) were constructed that simultaneously associated with both the ATP-pocket and the PPI interface area of the catalytic subunit of PKA (PKAc). Bifunctional inhibitor ARC-1411, possessing a KD value of 3 pM toward PKAc, induced the dissociation of the PKA holoenzyme with a low-nanomolar IC50, whereas the ATP-competitive inhibitor H89 bound to the PKA holoenzyme without disruption of the protein tetramer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taavi Ivan
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu , 50410 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Erki Enkvist
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu , 50410 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Birgit Viira
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu , 50410 Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Gerda Raidaru
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu , 50410 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Alexander Pflug
- The Norwegian Structural Biology Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Tromsø , N-9019 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kazi Asraful Alam
- The Norwegian Structural Biology Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Tromsø , N-9019 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Manuela Zaccolo
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford , OX1 3QX Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Alan Engh
- The Norwegian Structural Biology Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Tromsø , N-9019 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Asko Uri
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu , 50410 Tartu, Estonia
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18
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Ligi K, Enkvist E, Uri A. Deoxygenation Increases Photoluminescence Lifetime of Protein-Responsive Organic Probes with Triplet–Singlet Resonant Energy Transfer. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:4945-54. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b03342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kadri Ligi
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 14a Ravila
Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Erki Enkvist
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 14a Ravila
Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Asko Uri
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 14a Ravila
Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
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19
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Lavogina D, Kestav K, Chaikuad A, Heroven C, Knapp S, Uri A. Co-crystal structures of the protein kinase haspin with bisubstrate inhibitors. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2016; 72:339-45. [PMID: 27139824 PMCID: PMC4854560 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x16004611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Haspin is a mitotic protein kinase that is responsible for the phosphorylation of Thr3 of histone H3, thereby creating a recognition motif for docking of the chromosomal passenger complex that is crucial for the progression of cell division. Here, two high-resolution models of haspin with previously reported inhibitors consisting of an ATP analogue and a histone H3(1-7) peptide analogue are presented. The structures of the complexes confirm the bisubstrate character of the inhibitors by revealing the signature binding modes of the moieties targeting the ATP-binding site and the protein substrate-binding site of the kinase. This is the first structural model of a bisubstrate inhibitor targeting haspin. The presented structural data represent a model for the future development of more specific haspin inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darja Lavogina
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14A, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Katrin Kestav
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14A, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Apirat Chaikuad
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, England
| | - Christina Heroven
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, England
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, England
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Asko Uri
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14A, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
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20
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Manoharan GB, Enkvist E, Uri A. Combining chemical and genetic approaches for development of responsive FRET-based sensor systems for protein kinases. Biophys Chem 2016; 211:39-48. [PMID: 26874332 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Chemical and genetic approaches were combined for the development of responsive FRET-based sensor systems for protein kinases, using PIM2 as the model kinase. Fusions of PIM2 and a red fluorescent protein, TagRFP were expressed in mammalian cells and small-molecule ARC-Lum photoluminescent probes possessing different phosphorescent and fluorescent properties were constructed. Based on a variety of Förster-type resonant energy transfer (FRET) mechanisms (including intermolecular or intramolecular energy transfer and transfer between singlet-singlet or triplet-singlet electronic states of interacting luminophores) of the probe and that of the fluorescently tagged PIM2, FRET-based sensor systems were constructed. The developed assays can be applied for analysis of PIM2 in biological samples and screening and characterization of PIM2 inhibitors in cell lysates. In screening studies sub-micromolar affinity of a d-arginine-rich peptide, nona(d-arginine) amide [(d-Arg)9-NH2], towards PIM2 was discovered that points to possible specific effect of this widely used transport peptide to cellular protein phosphorylation balance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erki Enkvist
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14A, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Asko Uri
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14A, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.
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21
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Tu YL, Chen QH, Wang SN, Uri A, Yang XH, Chu JQ, Chen JK, Luo BL, Chen XH, Wen SJ, Pi RB. Discovery of lipoic acid-4-phenyl-1H-pyrazole hybrids as novel bifunctional ROCK inhibitors with antioxidant activity. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra12081d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A potently selective ROCK2 inhibitor with antioxidative properties.
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22
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Viht K, Saaver S, Vahter J, Enkvist E, Lavogina D, Sinijärv H, Raidaru G, Guerra B, Issinger OG, Uri A. Acetoxymethyl Ester of Tetrabromobenzimidazole-Peptoid Conjugate for Inhibition of Protein Kinase CK2 in Living Cells. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:2324-35. [PMID: 26559659 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
CK2 is a ubiquitous serine/threonine protein kinase, which has the potential to catalyze the generation of a large proportion of the human phosphoproteome. Due to its role in numerous cellular functions and general anti-apoptotic activity, CK2 is an important target of research with therapeutic potential. This emphasizes the need for cell-permeable highly potent and selective inhibitors and photoluminescence probes of CK2 for investigating the protein phosphorylation networks in living cells. Previously, we had developed bisubstrate inhibitors for CK2 (CK2-targeted ARCs) that showed remarkable affinity (KD < 1 nM) and selectivity, but lacked proteolytic stability and plasma membrane permeability. In this report, the structures of CK2-targeted ARCs were modified for the application in live cells. Based on structure-activity studies, proteolytically stable achiral oligoanionic peptoid conjugates of 4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-1H-benzimidazole (TBBz) were constructed. Affinity of the conjugates toward CK2 reached subnanomolar range. Acetoxymethyl (AM) prodrug strategy was applied for loading TBBz-peptoid conjugates into living cells. The uptake of inhibitors was visualized by live cell imaging and the reduction of the phosphorylation levels of two CK2-related phosphosites, Cdc37 pSer13 and NFκB pSer529, was demonstrated by Western blot analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaido Viht
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu , Ravila 14A, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Siiri Saaver
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu , Ravila 14A, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jürgen Vahter
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu , Ravila 14A, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Erki Enkvist
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu , Ravila 14A, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Darja Lavogina
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu , Ravila 14A, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Hedi Sinijärv
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu , Ravila 14A, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Gerda Raidaru
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu , Ravila 14A, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Barbara Guerra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark , Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Olaf-Georg Issinger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark , Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark.,KinaseDetect Aps , Skovvej 22, 6340 Kruså, Denmark
| | - Asko Uri
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu , Ravila 14A, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
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23
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Lavogina D, Kisand K, Raidaru G, Uri A. Fluorescent photoaffinity probes for mitotic protein kinase Aurora A. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:3290-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.05.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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24
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Manoharan GB, Enkvist E, Kasari M, Viht K, Zenn M, Prinz A, Filhol O, Herberg FW, Uri A. FRET-based screening assay using small-molecule photoluminescent probes in lysate of cells overexpressing RFP-fused protein kinases. Anal Biochem 2015; 481:10-7. [PMID: 25866074 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
An assay was developed for the characterization of protein kinase inhibitors in lysates of mammalian cells based on the measurement of FRET between overexpressed red fluorescent protein (TagRFP)-fused protein kinases (PKs) and luminophore-labeled small-molecule inhibitors (ARC-Photo probes). Two types of the assay, one using TagRFP as the photoluminescence donor together with ARC-Photo probes containing a red fluorophore dye as acceptor, and the other using TagRFP as the acceptor fluorophore in combination with a terbium cryptate-based long-lifetime photoluminescence donor, were used for FRET-based measurements in lysates of the cells overexpressing TagRFP-fused PKs. The second variant of the assay enabled the performance of the measurements under time-resolved conditions that led to substantially higher values of the signal/background ratio and further improved the reliability of the assay.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erki Enkvist
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Marje Kasari
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Kaido Viht
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Michael Zenn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kassel, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Anke Prinz
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kassel, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Odile Filhol
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1036, Grenoble, France; Commisariat à l'Energie Atomique, Institute of Life Sciences Research and Technologies, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; Université Grenoble Alpes, Unité Mixte de Recherche, S1036, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Asko Uri
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu 50411, Estonia.
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Kestav K, Lavogina D, Raidaru G, Chaikuad A, Knapp S, Uri A. Bisubstrate inhibitor approach for targeting mitotic kinase Haspin. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:225-34. [PMID: 25595038 DOI: 10.1021/bc500464r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
During the past decade, the basophilic atypical kinase Haspin has emerged as a key player in mitosis responsible for phosphorylation of Thr3 residue of histone H3. Here, we report the construction of conjugates comprising an aromatic fragment targeted to the ATP-site of Haspin and a peptide mimicking the N-terminus of histone H3. The combination of effective solid phase synthesis procedures and a high throughput binding/displacement assay with fluorescence anisotropy readout afforded the development of inhibitors with remarkable subnanomolar affinity toward Haspin. The selectivity profiles of novel conjugates were established by affinity studies with a model basophilic kinase (catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase) and by a commercial 1-point inhibition assay with 43 protein kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Kestav
- University of Tartu , Institute of Chemistry, Ravila 14A, Tartu 50411, Estonia
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26
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Embon L, Anahory Y, Suhov A, Halbertal D, Cuppens J, Yakovenko A, Uri A, Myasoedov Y, Rappaport ML, Huber ME, Gurevich A, Zeldov E. Probing dynamics and pinning of single vortices in superconductors at nanometer scales. Sci Rep 2015; 5:7598. [PMID: 25564043 PMCID: PMC4288220 DOI: 10.1038/srep07598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamics of quantized magnetic vortices and their pinning by materials defects determine electromagnetic properties of superconductors, particularly their ability to carry non-dissipative currents. Despite recent advances in the understanding of the complex physics of vortex matter, the behavior of vortices driven by current through a multi-scale potential of the actual materials defects is still not well understood, mostly due to the scarcity of appropriate experimental tools capable of tracing vortex trajectories on nanometer scales. Using a novel scanning superconducting quantum interference microscope we report here an investigation of controlled dynamics of vortices in lead films with sub-Angstrom spatial resolution and unprecedented sensitivity. We measured, for the first time, the fundamental dependence of the elementary pinning force of multiple defects on the vortex displacement, revealing a far more complex behavior than has previously been recognized, including striking spring softening and broken-spring depinning, as well as spontaneous hysteretic switching between cellular vortex trajectories. Our results indicate the importance of thermal fluctuations even at 4.2 K and of the vital role of ripples in the pinning potential, giving new insights into the mechanisms of magnetic relaxation and electromagnetic response of superconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Embon
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Y. Anahory
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - A. Suhov
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - D. Halbertal
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - J. Cuppens
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - A. Yakovenko
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - A. Uri
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Y. Myasoedov
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - M. L. Rappaport
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - M. E. Huber
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, 80217, USA
| | - A. Gurevich
- Department of Physics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529-0116, USA
| | - E. Zeldov
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
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27
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Ekambaram R, Manoharan GB, Enkvist E, Ligi K, Knapp S, Uri A. PIM kinase-responsive microsecond-lifetime photoluminescent probes based on selenium-containing heteroaromatic tricycle. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra20777k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Microsecond-lifetime binding-responsive organic photoluminescent probes for PIM kinases were developed based on selenium-comprising heteroaromatic tricycle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Erki Enkvist
- University of Tartu
- Institute of Chemistry
- Tartu 50411
- Estonia
| | - Kadri Ligi
- University of Tartu
- Institute of Chemistry
- Tartu 50411
- Estonia
| | - Stefan Knapp
- University of Oxford
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine
- Structural Genomics Consortium
- Oxford OX3 7DQ
- UK
| | - Asko Uri
- University of Tartu
- Institute of Chemistry
- Tartu 50411
- Estonia
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28
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Kriisa M, Sinijärv H, Vaasa A, Enkvist E, Kostenko S, Moens U, Uri A. Inhibition of CREB Phosphorylation by Conjugates of Adenosine Analogues and Arginine-Rich Peptides, Inhibitors of PKA Catalytic Subunit. Chembiochem 2014; 16:312-9. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201402526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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29
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Lavogina D, Enkvist E, Viht K, Uri A. Inside Cover: Long Residence Times Revealed by Aurora A Kinase-Targeting Fluorescent Probes Derived from Inhibitors MLN8237 and VX-689 (ChemBioChem 3/2014). Chembiochem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201490005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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30
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Lavogina D, Enkvist E, Viht K, Uri A. Long Residence Times Revealed by Aurora A Kinase-Targeting Fluorescent Probes Derived from Inhibitors MLN8237 and VX-689. Chembiochem 2014; 15:443-50. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201300613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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31
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Ekambaram R, Enkvist E, Manoharan GB, Ugandi M, Kasari M, Viht K, Knapp S, Issinger OG, Uri A. Benzoselenadiazole-based responsive long-lifetime photoluminescent probes for protein kinases. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:4096-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc49198f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Benzoselenadiazole was used as a novel scaffold for construction of microsecond scale responsive photoluminescent probes for protein kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erki Enkvist
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Tartu
- 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Mihkel Ugandi
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Tartu
- 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Marje Kasari
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Tartu
- 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kaido Viht
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Tartu
- 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine
- Structural Genomics Consortium and Target Discovery Institute (TDI) University of Oxford
- Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Olaf-Georg Issinger
- Institut for Biokemi og Molekylær Biologi
- Syddansk Universitet
- DK-5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Asko Uri
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Tartu
- 50411 Tartu, Estonia
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32
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Chen M, Liu Q, Liu A, Tan M, Xie Z, Uri A, Chen Z, Huang G, Sun Y, Ge H, Liu P, Li M, Li X, Wen S, Pi R. Simply combining fasudil and lipoic acid in a novel multitargeted chemical entity potentially useful in central nervous system disorders. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra07337a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel multifunctional ROCK inhibitor, L-F001, was synthesized and biologically evaluated as a potential drug for the treatment of CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihui Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qi Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510006, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center
| | - Anmin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery
- Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Tan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510006, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemistry
- College of Chinese Materia Madica
| | - Zhiyong Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Asko Uri
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Tartu
- Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Ziwei Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guangye Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yang Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hu Ge
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Peiqing Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Min Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510006, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center
| | - Xingshu Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shijun Wen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510006, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center
| | - Rongbiao Pi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510006, China
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Ekambaram R, Enkvist E, Vaasa A, Kasari M, Raidaru G, Knapp S, Uri A. Selective bisubstrate inhibitors with sub-nanomolar affinity for protein kinase Pim-1. ChemMedChem 2013; 8:909-13. [PMID: 23616352 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201300042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Potent and selective: The unique nature of the ATP binding pocket structure of Pim family protein kinases (PKs) was used for the development of bisubstrate inhibitors and a fluorescent probe with sub-nanomolar affinity. Conjugates of arginine-rich peptides with two ATP mimetic scaffolds were synthesized and tested as inhibitors of Pim-1. Against a panel of 124 protein kinases, a novel ARC-PIM conjugate selectively inhibited PKs of the Pim family.
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34
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Vaasa A, Ligi K, Mohandessi S, Enkvist E, Uri A, Miller LW. Time-gated luminescence microscopy with responsive nonmetal probes for mapping activity of protein kinases in living cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:8595-7. [PMID: 22822483 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc33565d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A photoluminescence probe ARC-1185, possessing both high affinity towards basophilic protein kinases (PKs) and microsecond-scale luminescence lifetime when associated with a kinase, was used for the mapping of ARC-1185-PK complexes in living cells with time-gated luminescence microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Vaasa
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 14A Ravila St., 50411 Tartu, Estonia
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35
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Enkvist E, Viht K, Bischoff N, Vahter J, Saaver S, Raidaru G, Issinger OG, Niefind K, Uri A. A subnanomolar fluorescent probe for protein kinase CK2 interaction studies. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:8645-53. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob26022k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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36
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Enkvist E, Vaasa A, Kasari M, Kriisa M, Ivan T, Ligi K, Raidaru G, Uri A. Protein-induced long lifetime luminescence of nonmetal probes. ACS Chem Biol 2011; 6:1052-62. [PMID: 21776959 DOI: 10.1021/cb200120v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Time-resolved luminometry-based assays have great potential for measurements in complicated biological solutions and living cells as the measured signal can be easily distinguished from nanosecond lifetime background fluorescence of organic compounds and autofluorescence of cells. In the present study we discovered that binding of a thiophene- or a selenophene-containing heteroaromatic moiety (luminescence donor) to the purine-binding pocket of a protein kinase (PK) induces long lifetime photoluminescence signal that is largely intensified through efficient energy transfer to a fluorescent dye present in close proximity to the luminescence donor. The developed ARC-Lum probes possessing 19-266 μs luminescence lifetime when associated with the target kinase can be used for determination of activity of basophilic PKs, characterization of inhibitors of PKs, and as cAMP sensors. An ARC-Lum probe was also used for the determination of kinetic parameters of inhibitor binding to the catalytic subunit of protein kinase A (PKAc). Effective real-time monitoring of the activation of PKA by Forskolin and the displacement of an ARC-Lum probe from its complex with PKA by inhibitor H89 was performed in live cells. The discovered phenomenon, protein-induced long lifetime luminescence of aromatic probes is very likely to occur with all PKs and many other proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erki Enkvist
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 14A Ravila St., 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Angela Vaasa
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 14A Ravila St., 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Marje Kasari
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 14A Ravila St., 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Marie Kriisa
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 14A Ravila St., 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Taavi Ivan
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 14A Ravila St., 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kadri Ligi
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 14A Ravila St., 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Gerda Raidaru
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 14A Ravila St., 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Asko Uri
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 14A Ravila St., 50411 Tartu, Estonia
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37
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Pflug A, Rogozina J, Lavogina D, Enkvist E, Uri A, Engh RA, Bossemeyer D. Diversity of Bisubstrate Binding Modes of Adenosine Analogue–Oligoarginine Conjugates in Protein Kinase A and Implications for Protein Substrate Interactions. J Mol Biol 2010; 403:66-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2010.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2010] [Revised: 08/12/2010] [Accepted: 08/16/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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38
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Lavogina D, Nickl CK, Enkvist E, Raidaru G, Lust M, Vaasa A, Uri A, Dostmann WR. Adenosine analogue-oligo-arginine conjugates (ARCs) serve as high-affinity inhibitors and fluorescence probes of type I cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKGIalpha). Biochim Biophys Acta 2010; 1804:1857-68. [PMID: 20406699 PMCID: PMC3071016 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2010.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2010] [Revised: 04/12/2010] [Accepted: 04/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Type I cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKGIalpha) belongs to the family of cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinases and is one of the main effectors of cGMP. PKGIalpha is involved in regulation of cardiac contractility, vasorelaxation, and blood pressure; hence, the development of potent modulators of PKGIalpha would lead to advances in the treatment of a variety of cardiovascular diseases. AIM Representatives of ARC-type compounds previously characterized as potent inhibitors and high-affinity fluorescent probes of PKA catalytic subunit (PKAc) were tested towards PKGIalpha to determine that ARCs could serve as activity regulators and sensors for the latter protein kinase both in vitro and in complex biological systems. RESULTS Structure-activity profiling of ARCs with PKGIalpha in vitro demonstrated both similarities as well as differences to corresponding profiling with PKAc, whereas ARC-903 and ARC-668 revealed low nanomolar displacement constants and inhibition IC(50) values with both cyclic nucleotide-dependent kinases. The ability of ARC-based fluorescent probes to penetrate cell plasma membrane was demonstrated in the smooth muscle tissue of rat cerebellum isolated arteries, and the compound with the highest affinity in vitro (ARC-903) showed also potential for in vivo applications, fully abolishing the PKG1alpha-induced vasodilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darja Lavogina
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Christian K. Nickl
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Erki Enkvist
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Gerda Raidaru
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Marje Lust
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Angela Vaasa
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Asko Uri
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Wolfgang R. Dostmann
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
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Vaasa A, Lust M, Terrin A, Uri A, Zaccolo M. Small-molecule FRET probes for protein kinase activity monitoring in living cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 397:750-5. [PMID: 20541535 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2010] [Accepted: 06/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the applicability of fluorescently labeled adenosine analogue-oligoarginine conjugates (ARC-Photo probes) for monitoring of protein kinase A (PKA) activity in living cells was demonstrated. ARC-Photo probes possessing subnanomolar affinity towards the catalytic subunit of PKA (PKAc) and competitive with the regulatory subunit (PKAr), penetrate cell plasma membrane and associate with PKAc fused with yellow fluorescent protein (PKAc-YFP). Detection of inter-molecular Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) efficiency between the fluorophores of the fusion protein and ARC-Photo probe can be used for both the evaluation of non-labeled inhibitors of PKAc and for monitoring of cAMP signaling via detection of changes in the activity of PKA as a cAMP downstream effector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Vaasa
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
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Abstract
Bisubstrate inhibitors consist of two conjugated fragments, each targeted to a different binding site of a bisubstrate enzyme. The design of bisubstrate inhibitors presupposes the formation of the ternary complex in the course of the catalyzed reaction. The principle advantage of bisubstrate inhibitors is their ability to generate more interactions with the target enzyme that could result in improved affinity and selectivity of the conjugates, when compared with single-site inhibitors. Among phosphotransferases, the approach was first successfully used for adenylate kinase in 1973. Since then, several types of bisubstrate inhibitors have been developed for protein kinases, including conjugates of peptides with nucleotides, adenosine derivatives and potent ATP-competitive inhibitors. Earlier bisubstrate inhibitors had pharmacokinetic qualities that were unsuitable for cellular experiments and hence were mostly used for in vitro studies. The recently constructed conjugates of adenosine derivatives and D-arginine-rich peptides (ARCs) possess high kinase affinity, high biological and chemical stability and good cell plasma membrane penetrative properties that enable their application in the regulation of cellular protein phosphorylation balances in cell and tissue experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darja Lavogina
- Institute of Chemistry, Jakobi 2, 51014 Tartu (Estonia).
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Lavogina D, Lust M, Viil I, König N, Raidaru G, Rogozina J, Enkvist E, Uri A, Bossemeyer D. Structural Analysis of ARC-Type Inhibitor (ARC-1034) Binding to Protein Kinase A Catalytic Subunit and Rational Design of Bisubstrate Analogue Inhibitors of Basophilic Protein Kinases. J Med Chem 2008; 52:308-21. [DOI: 10.1021/jm800797n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Darja Lavogina
- Institute of Chemistry, 2 Jakobi Street, 51014 Tartu, Estonia, Group of Structural Biochemistry, German Cancer Research Centre, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marje Lust
- Institute of Chemistry, 2 Jakobi Street, 51014 Tartu, Estonia, Group of Structural Biochemistry, German Cancer Research Centre, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Indrek Viil
- Institute of Chemistry, 2 Jakobi Street, 51014 Tartu, Estonia, Group of Structural Biochemistry, German Cancer Research Centre, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Norbert König
- Institute of Chemistry, 2 Jakobi Street, 51014 Tartu, Estonia, Group of Structural Biochemistry, German Cancer Research Centre, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gerda Raidaru
- Institute of Chemistry, 2 Jakobi Street, 51014 Tartu, Estonia, Group of Structural Biochemistry, German Cancer Research Centre, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jevgenia Rogozina
- Institute of Chemistry, 2 Jakobi Street, 51014 Tartu, Estonia, Group of Structural Biochemistry, German Cancer Research Centre, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Erki Enkvist
- Institute of Chemistry, 2 Jakobi Street, 51014 Tartu, Estonia, Group of Structural Biochemistry, German Cancer Research Centre, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Asko Uri
- Institute of Chemistry, 2 Jakobi Street, 51014 Tartu, Estonia, Group of Structural Biochemistry, German Cancer Research Centre, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Bossemeyer
- Institute of Chemistry, 2 Jakobi Street, 51014 Tartu, Estonia, Group of Structural Biochemistry, German Cancer Research Centre, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Vaasa A, Viil I, Enkvist E, Viht K, Raidaru G, Lavogina D, Uri A. High-affinity bisubstrate probe for fluorescence anisotropy binding/displacement assays with protein kinases PKA and ROCK. Anal Biochem 2008; 385:85-93. [PMID: 19017524 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2008.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2008] [Revised: 10/03/2008] [Accepted: 10/15/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The bisubstrate fluorescent probe ARC-583 (Adc-Ahx-(D-Arg)(6)-d-Lys(5-TAMRA)-NH2) and its application for the characterization of both ATP- and protein/peptide substrate-competitive inhibitors of protein kinases PKA (cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase) and ROCK (rho kinase) in fluorescence polarization-based assay are described. High affinity of the probe (K(D)=0.48 nM toward PKA) enables its application for the characterization of inhibitors with nanomolar and micromolar potency and determination of the active concentration of the kinase in individual experiments as well as in the high-throughput screening format. The probe can be used for the assessment of protein-protein interactions (e.g., between regulatory and catalytic subunits of PKA) and as a cyclic AMP biosensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Vaasa
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 2 Jakobi St., 51014 Tartu, Estonia
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Räägel H, Lust M, Uri A, Pooga M. Adenosine-oligoarginine conjugate, a novel bisubstrate inhibitor, effectively dissociates the actin cytoskeleton. FEBS J 2008; 275:3608-24. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06506.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Enkvist E, Raidaru G, Vaasa A, Pehk T, Lavogina D, Uri A. Carbocyclic 3'-deoxyadenosine-based highly potent bisubstrate-analog inhibitor of basophilic protein kinases. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:5336-9. [PMID: 17716894 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2007] [Revised: 08/08/2007] [Accepted: 08/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Carbocyclic analogs of 3'-deoxyadenosine were synthesized as racemates and the resulting stereoisomers were separated by chromatography on a chiral column. The conjugation of obtained compounds with hexa-(D-arginine) via 6-aminohexanoic acid linker led to a highly potent inhibitor of several basophilic protein kinases with some selectivity towards cAMP-dependent protein kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erki Enkvist
- Institute of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Tartu, 2 Jakobi Street, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
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Enkvist E, Lavogina D, Raidaru G, Vaasa A, Viil I, Lust M, Viht K, Uri A. Conjugation of adenosine and hexa-(D-arginine) leads to a nanomolar bisubstrate-analog inhibitor of basophilic protein kinases. J Med Chem 2007; 49:7150-9. [PMID: 17125267 DOI: 10.1021/jm0605942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Conjugates of oligoarginine peptides with adenine, adenosine, adenosine-5'-carboxylic acid, and 5-isoquinolinesulfonic acid were synthesized and characterized as bisubstrate-analog inhibitors of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Adenosine and adenine derivatives were connected to the N- or C-terminus of peptides containing four to six L- or D-arginine residues via a linker with a length that had been optimized in structure-activity studies. The orientation of the peptide chain strongly affected the activity of compounds incorporating D-arginines. The biligand inhibitor containing Hidaka's H9 isoquinolinesulfonamide connected to the L-peptide had 65 times higher potency than the corresponding adenosine-containing conjugate, while both types of the conjugate comprising D-peptides had similar low nanomolar activity. Two of the most active adenosine- and H9-peptide conjugates were tested in the panel of 52 different kinases. At 1 microM concentration, both compounds showed strong (more than 95%) inhibition of several basophilic AGC kinases, including pharmaceutically important kinases ROCK II and PKB/Akt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erki Enkvist
- Institute of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, 2 Jakobi Street, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
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46
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Viht K, Schweinsberg S, Lust M, Vaasa A, Raidaru G, Lavogina D, Uri A, Herberg FW. Surface-plasmon-resonance-based biosensor with immobilized bisubstrate analog inhibitor for the determination of affinities of ATP- and protein-competitive ligands of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Anal Biochem 2006; 362:268-77. [PMID: 17274940 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2006.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2006] [Revised: 12/19/2006] [Accepted: 12/22/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between adenosine-oligoarginine conjugates (ARC), bisubstrate analog inhibitors of protein kinases, and catalytic subunits of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (cAPK Calpha) were characterized with surface-plasmon-resonance-based biosensors. ARC-704 bound to the immobilized kinase with subnanomolar affinity. The immobilization of ARC-704 to the chip surface via streptavidin-biotin complex yielded a high-affinity surface (K(D)=16nM). The bisubstrate character of ARC-704 was demonstrated with various ligands targeted to ATP-binding pocket (ATP and inhibitors H89 and H1152P) and protein-substrate-binding domain of Calpha (RIIalpha and GST-PKIalpha) in competition assays. The experiments performed on surfaces with different immobilization levels of ARC-704 produced similar results. The closeness of the obtained affinities of the tested compounds to the inhibitory potencies and affinities of the compounds measured with other methods demonstrates the applicability of the chip with the immobilized biligand inhibitor for the characterization of both ATP- and substrate protein-competitive ligands of basophilic protein kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaido Viht
- Institute of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Tartu, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
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47
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Enkvist E, Raidaru G, Uri A, Patel R, Redick C, Boyer JL, Subbi J, Tammiste I. Synthesis of potential purinoceptor antagonists: application of P1-tBU phosphazene base for alkylation of adenine in solution and on solid phase. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2006; 25:141-57. [PMID: 16541958 DOI: 10.1080/15257770500446857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Alkylation of adenine in solution and on solid phase was accelerated by phosphazene base P1-tBu compared to mineral bases. The reactions in solution afforded regioselectively the appropriate N9-alkylated adenines with high preparative yields while the reaction with polystyrene resin-bound N-bromoacetylated peptides gave three regioisomers (alkylated at the N9, N7, and N3 position of adenine) in a 4:2:1 molar ratio. Ten novel nonphosphate nucleotide analogues were tested in an ADP-induced platelet aggregation assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erki Enkvist
- Institute of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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48
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Abstract
A fluorometric assay for measuring protein kinase activity has been developed. The assay is based on the separation of fluorescently marked substrate 5-carboxytetramethylrhodamine-kemptide (5-TAMRA-kemptide) from its phosphorylated counterpart by TLC and quantification of the product ratiometrically by fluorescence imaging. The utility of the assay was demonstrated by measuring the activity of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. 5-TAMRA-kemptide was characterized as a substrate of this kinase by the kinetic parameters K(m)(app) and V(max). The attachment of 5-TAMRA dye to the N terminal of kemptide decreased the K(m)(app) value but did not have a significant effect on the rate and stoichiometry of the phosphorylation reaction. The inhibitory potency of three known inhibitors was evaluated with the new assay. The closeness of the obtained inhibitory activities of the compounds to the activities determined with the phosphocellulose paper-binding assay, as well as the Z' factor value of 0.5, demonstrates the reliability of the new assay for evaluation of inhibitors of protein kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaido Viht
- Institute of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Tartu, 2 Jakobi Street, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
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49
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Kuznetsov A, Uri A, Raidaru G, Järv J. Kinetic analysis of inhibition of cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit by the peptide-nucleoside conjugate AdcAhxArg6. Bioorg Chem 2005; 32:527-35. [PMID: 15530993 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2004.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Kinetic analysis of the inhibition of the phosphorylation of Kemptide, (LRRASLG), catalyzed by the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase, by a peptide-nucleoside conjugate inhibitor AdcAhxArg6 was carried out over a wide range of ATP and peptide concentrations. A simple procedure was proposed for characterization of the interaction of this inhibitor with the free enzyme, and with the enzyme-ATP and enzyme-peptide complexes. The second-order rate constants, calculated from the steady-state reaction kinetics, were used for this analysis to avoid the complications related to the complex catalytic mechanism of the protein kinase catalyzed reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksei Kuznetsov
- Institute of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Tartu, 2 Jakobi Str, 51014, Estonia
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Viht K, Padari K, Raidaru G, Subbi J, Tammiste I, Pooga M, Uri A. Liquid-phase synthesis of a pegylated adenosine-oligoarginine conjugate, cell-permeable inhibitor of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:3035-9. [PMID: 12941328 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(03)00641-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
An adenosine-oligoarginine conjugate (ARC) was assembled in a stepwise manner on a poly(ethylene glycol) carrier. The pegylated conjugate inhibited cAMP-dependent protein kinase with IC(50)=460 nM and the cellular uptake of its BODIPY FL derivative was demonstrated and compared to that of free ARC with fluorescence microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaido Viht
- Institute of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Tartu, 2 Jakobi St., 51014, Tartu, Estonia
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