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Chen X, Zhao J, Chen R, Shen L, Lu J, Guo Y, Chi X, Geng S, Zhang Q, Pan Z, He X, Xu L, Shen Z, Yang H, Lei T. Identification and assessment of new PIM2 inhibitors for treating hematologic cancers: A combined approach of energy-based virtual screening and machine learning evaluation. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2300516. [PMID: 38263717 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
PIM2, part of the PIM kinase family along with PIM1 and PIM3, is often overexpressed in hematologic cancers, fueling tumor growth. Despite its significance, there are no approved drugs targeting it. In response to this challenge, we devised a thorough virtual screening workflow for discovering novel PIM2 inhibitors. Our process includes molecular docking and diverse scoring methods like molecular mechanics generalized born surface area, XGBOOST, and DeepDock to rank potential inhibitors by binding affinities and interaction potential. Ten compounds were selected and subjected to an adequate evaluation of their biological activity. Compound 2 emerged as the most potent inhibitor with an IC50 of approximately 135.7 nM. It also displayed significant activity against various hematological cancers, including acute myeloid leukemia, mantle cell lymphoma, and anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL). Molecular dynamics simulations elucidated the binding mode of compound 2 with PIM2, offering insights for drug development. These results highlight the reliability and efficacy of our virtual screening workflow, promising new drugs for hematologic cancers, notably ALCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Department of Lymphoma, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingyi Zhao
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Roufen Chen
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liteng Shen
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jialiang Lu
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinglong Chi
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuangshuang Geng
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingnan Zhang
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhichao Pan
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinjun He
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Xu
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Institute of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, China
| | - Zheyuan Shen
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Department of Lymphoma, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Lei
- Department of Lymphoma, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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Sogabe K, Nakamura S, Higa Y, Miki H, Oda A, Maruhashi T, Sumitani R, Oura M, Takahashi M, Nakamura M, Maeda Y, Hara T, Yamagami H, Fujii S, Kagawa K, Ozaki S, Kurahashi K, Endo I, Aihara KI, Nakaue E, Hiasa M, Teramachi J, Harada T, Abe M. Acute accumulation of PIM2 and NRF2 and recovery of β5 subunit activity mitigate multiple myeloma cell susceptibility to proteasome inhibitors. Int J Hematol 2024; 119:303-315. [PMID: 38245883 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-023-03705-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Resistance to proteasome inhibitors (PIs) has emerged as an important clinical issue. We investigated the mechanisms underlying multiple myeloma (MM) cell resistance to PIs. To mimic their pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) profiles, MM cells were treated with bortezomib and carfilzomib for 1 h at concentrations up to 400 and 1,000 nM, respectively. Susceptibility to these PIs markedly varied among MM cell lines. Pulsatile treatments with PIs suppressed translation, as demonstrated by incorporation of puromycin at 24 h in PI-susceptible MM.1S cells, but not PI-resistant KMS-11 cells. Inhibition of β5 subunit activity decreased at 24 h in KMS-11 cells, even with the irreversible PI carfilzomib, but not under suppression of protein synthesis with cycloheximide. Furthermore, the proteasome-degradable pro-survival factors PIM2 and NRF2 acutely accumulated in MM cells subjected to pulsatile PI treatments. Accumulated NRF2 was trans-localized into the nucleus to induce the expression of its target gene, HMOX1, in MM cells. PIM and Akt inhibition restored the anti-MM effects of PIs, even against PI-resistant KMS-11 cells. Collectively, these results suggest that increased synthesis of β5 proteasome subunit and acute accumulation of PIM2 and NRF2 reduce the anti-MM effects of PIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimiko Sogabe
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shingen Nakamura
- Department of Community Medicine and Medical Science, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Yoshiki Higa
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Miki
- Division of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Asuka Oda
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tomoko Maruhashi
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Ryohei Sumitani
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masahiro Oura
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Mamiko Takahashi
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masafumi Nakamura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tokushima Prefecture Naruto Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yusaku Maeda
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tomoyo Hara
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yamagami
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shiro Fujii
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kumiko Kagawa
- Department of Hematology, Tokushima Prefectural Central Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shuji Ozaki
- Department of Hematology, Tokushima Prefectural Central Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kiyoe Kurahashi
- Department of Community Medicine for Respirology, Hematology and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Itsuro Endo
- Department of Bioregulatory Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Aihara
- Department of Community Medicine and Medical Science, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Emiko Nakaue
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hiasa
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Jumpei Teramachi
- Department of Oral Function and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Harada
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masahiro Abe
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan.
- Department of Hematology, Kawashima Hospital, 6-1 Kitasakoichiban-Cho, Tokushima, 770-0011, Japan.
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El-Nawawy A, Elwafa RAHA, Khalil Abouahmed A, Rasheed RA, Omar OM. Evaluation of non-thyroidal illness syndrome in shock patients admitted to pediatric intensive care unit in a developing country. Eur J Pediatr 2024; 183:769-778. [PMID: 37994931 PMCID: PMC10912421 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-023-05338-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
During critical illness, children my experience various changes in their thyroid hormone levels. Such changes are termed non-thyroidal illness syndrome (NTI). The extent of change correlates with the severity of the illness and its outcomes in critically ill patients. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the severity of shock and thyroid hormone derangement. This prospective observational study included forty patients aged one month to five years who were admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) with shock. Thyroid function tests were conducted on admission, after shock reversal, and five days later. NTI patterns were observed in 70% of patients. The PIM2 score showed a significant negative correlation with T3 (r = - 0.353, p = 0.026) and FT3 levels on admission (r = - 0.417, p = 0.007). Furthermore, after shock reversal, the PIM2 score continued to exhibit significant negative correlations with T4 (r = - 0.444, p = 0.004), T3 (r = - 0.329, p = 0.038), FT3 (r = - 0.355, p = 0.025), and FT4 levels (r = - 0.379, p = 0.016). Conclusion: This study underscores the high prevalence of NTI in PICU shock patients and suggests monitoring thyroid hormone levels for outcome prediction and treatment guidance. Further research is needed to optimize NTI management in critically ill children. What is Known: • Non-thyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS) is a condition observed in critically ill patients. • There has been limited research on NTI in children, and existing studies have generated conflicting results regarding the relationship between thyroid hormones and clinical outcomes in cases of sepsis and septic shock. What is New: • The study has revealed dynamic changes in free triiodothyronine (FT3) levels during the process of shock reversal and recovery in children who experienced shock. • A significant negative correlation was found between the Pediatric Index of Mortality 2 (PIM2) score and several thyroid hormone levels, including FT3 on admission and T4, FT3, and FT4 on shock reversal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed El-Nawawy
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21321, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed Khalil Abouahmed
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21321, Egypt
| | - Rehab Atef Rasheed
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21321, Egypt
| | - Omneya Magdy Omar
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21321, Egypt.
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Chen S, Yang Y, Yuan Y, Bo Liu. Targeting PIM kinases in cancer therapy: An update on pharmacological small-molecule inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 264:116016. [PMID: 38071792 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.116016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
PIM kinases, a serine/threonine kinase family with three isoforms, has been well-known to participate in multiple physiological processes by phosphorylating various downstream targets. Accumulating evidence has recently unveiled that aberrant upregulation of PIM kinases (PIM1, PIM2, and PIM3) are closely associated with tumor cell proliferation, migration, survival, and even resistance. Inhibiting or silencing of PIM kinases has been reported have remarkable antitumor effects, such as anti-proliferation, pro-apoptosis and resensitivity, indicating the therapeutic potential of PIM kinases as potential druggable targets in many types of human cancers. More recently, several pharmacological small-molecule inhibitors have been preclinically and clinically evaluated and showed their therapeutic potential; however, none of them has been approved for clinical application so far. Thus, in this perspective, we focus on summarizing the oncogenic roles of PIM kinases, key signaling network, and pharmacological small-molecule inhibitors, which will provide a new clue on discovering more candidate antitumor drugs targeting PIM kinases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yushang Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yong Yuan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Wang M, Fan R, Jiang J, Sun F, Sun Y, Wang Q, Jiang A, Yu Z, Yang T. PIM2 Promotes the Development of Ovarian Endometriosis by Enhancing Glycolysis and Fibrosis. Reprod Sci 2023; 30:2692-2702. [PMID: 37059967 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-023-01208-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a common gynecological disorder characterized by the presence of the endometrial glands and the stroma outside the uterine cavity. The disease affects reproductive function and quality of life in women of reproductive age. Endometriosis is similar to tumors in some characteristics, such as glycolysis. PIM2 can promote the development of tumors, but the mechanism of PIM2 in endometriosis is still unclear. Therefore, our goal is to study the mechanism of PIM2 in endometriosis. Through immunohistochemistry, we found PIM2, HK2, PKM2, SMH (smooth muscle myosin heavy chain), Desmin, and α-SMA (α-smooth muscle actin) were strongly expressed in the ovarian endometriosis. In endometriotic cells, PIM2 enhanced glycolysis and fibrosis via upregulating the expression of PKM2. Moreover, the PIM2 inhibitor SMI-4a inhibited the development of endometriosis. And we established a PIM2 knockout mouse model of endometriosis to demonstrate the role of PIM2 in vivo. In summary, our study indicates that PIM2 promotes the development of endometriosis. PIM2 may serve as a promising therapeutic target for endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxue Wang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiqi Fan
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyi Jiang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangyuan Sun
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujun Sun
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Aifang Jiang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhai Yu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tingting Yang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
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Amirjani S, Ahmadizadeh N, Behzad A, Dadashi-Noshahr Y, Vahdat Shariatpanahi Z. Undernutrition and 60-day mortality in critically ill children with respiratory failure: a prospective cohort study. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:271. [PMID: 37248480 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04087-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To determine whether undernutrition affects 60-day mortality in pediatric acute respiratory failure. METHODS Subjects with acute respiratory failure aged between two months and 13 years were included in the study. The Z-scores were calculated on admission and children were categorized into two groups of undernutrition and normal nutrition. The nutritional intake of the children was measured daily. The outcome was 60-day mortality. RESULTS A total of 126 patients met the inclusion criteria; 41% were undernourished based on the Z-score of BMI and weight for height, 50% based on the Z-score of height and length for age and 45% based on the Z-score of weight for age. Overall, the 60-day mortality rate was 27.8%. The Cox regression analysis adjusted with PIM2, age and gender, showed that undernutrition has a significant relationship with 60-day mortality based on the weight for age Z-score (HR = 2.33; CI: 1.175-4.638). In addition, undernutrition has a significant relationship with 60-day mortality based on the BMI for age (HR = 3.04; CI:1.070-8.639) and weight for height (HR = 2.62; CI: 1.605-6.658) Z-scores. The mean calorie and protein intake of 72% of the children was less than 80% of their calorie needs. The time to start feeding in 63% of the children was more than 48 h. There was no relationship between the time of starting nutrition and nutritional intake during PICU admission and mortality. CONCLUSION Undernutrition is prevalent in mechanically ventilated children in the PICU and may be associated with 60-day mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Amirjani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narjes Ahmadizadeh
- Department of Critical care, Mofid children's hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azita Behzad
- Department of Critical care, Mofid children's hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yasaman Dadashi-Noshahr
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Vahdat Shariatpanahi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- , Address: Farahzadi Blvd., Shahrak Qods, 1981619573, Baran, Tehran, West Arghavan, PO Box: 19395-4741, Iran.
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Haas M, Fest T. Final step of B-cell differentiation into plasmablasts; the right time to activate plasma cell PIM2 kinase. Immunol Lett 2023; 258:45-50. [PMID: 37207916 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2023.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The differentiation of B cells into antibody-secreting plasma cells is a complex process that involves extensive changes in morphology, lifespan, and cellular metabolism to support the high rates of antibody production. During the final stage of differentiation, B cells undergo significant expansion of their endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, which induces cellular stress and may lead to cell death in absence of effective inhibition of the apoptotic pathway. These changes are tightly regulated at transcriptional and epigenetic levels, as well as at post-translational level, with protein modifications playing a critical role in the process of cellular modification and adaptation. Our recent research has highlighted the pivotal role of the serine/threonine kinase PIM2 in B cell differentiation, from commitment stage to plasmablast and maintenance of expression in mature plasma cells. PIM2 has been shown to promote cell cycle progression during the final stage of differentiation and to inhibit Caspase 3 activation, raising the threshold for apoptosis. In this review, we examine the key molecular mechanisms controlled by PIM2 that contribute to plasma cell development and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Haas
- Université de Rennes 1, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang de Bretagne, Team B_DEVIL, UMR_S1236, Rennes, France; Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Rennes, France
| | - Thierry Fest
- Université de Rennes 1, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang de Bretagne, Team B_DEVIL, UMR_S1236, Rennes, France; Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Rennes, France.
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Katsuta E, Gil-Moore M, Moore J, Yousif M, Adjei AA, Ding Y, Caserta J, Baldino CM, Lee KP, Gelman IH, Takabe K, Opyrchal M. Targeting PIM2 by JP11646 results in significant antitumor effects in solid tumors. Int J Oncol 2022; 61:114. [PMID: 35920189 PMCID: PMC9387562 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2022.5404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Proviral integration of Moloney virus 2 (PIM2) is a pro-survival factor of cancer cells and a possible therapeutic target in hematological malignancies. However, the attempts at inhibiting PIM2 have yielded underwhelming results in early clinical trials on hematological malignancies. Recently, a novel pan-PIM inhibitor, JP11646, was developed. The present study examined the utility of targeting PIM2 in multiple solid cancers and investigated the antitumor efficacy and the mechanisms of action of JP11646. When PIM2 expression was compared between normal and cancer tissues in publicly available datasets, PIM2 was found to be overexpressed in several types of solid cancers. PIM2 ectopic overexpression promoted tumor growth in in vivo xenograft breast cancer mouse models. The pan-PIM inhibitor, JP11646, suppressed in vitro cancer cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner in multiple types of cancers; a similar result was observed with siRNA-mediated PIM2 knockdown, as well as an increased in cell apoptosis. By contrast, another pan-PIM inhibitor, AZD1208, suppressed the expression of downstream PIM2 targets, but not PIM2 protein expression, corresponding to no apoptosis induction. As a mechanism of PIM2 protein degradation, it was found that the proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib, reversed the apoptosis induced by JP11646, suggesting that PIM2 degradation by JP11646 is proteasome-dependent. JP11646 exhibited significant anticancer efficacy with minimal toxicities at the examined doses and schedules in multiple in vivo mice xenograft solid cancer models. On the whole, the present study demonstrates that PIM2 promotes cancer progression in solid tumors. JP11646 induces apoptosis at least partly by PIM2 protein degradation and suppresses cancer cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. JP11646 may thus be a possible treatment strategy for multiple types of solid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eriko Katsuta
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Malgorzata Gil-Moore
- Departments of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Justine Moore
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Mohamed Yousif
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Alex A Adjei
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Justin Caserta
- Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Oncology, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Kelvin P Lee
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Irwin H Gelman
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Kazuaki Takabe
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Mateusz Opyrchal
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Meng Y, Yin D, Qiu S, Zhang X. Abrine promotes cell proliferation and inhibits apoptosis of interleukin-1β-stimulated chondrocytes via PIM2/VEGF signalling in osteoarthritis. Phytomedicine 2022; 96:153906. [PMID: 35026522 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA), a common joint disorder with an increasing incidence worldwide, severely affects the quality of life of patients. In Chinese herbal medicine, Abrus cantoniensis Hance is considered to exert protective effects on the liver and to have beneficial effects on the gallbladder; additionally, it has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as the ability to enhance immunity, scavenge free radicals, regulate smooth muscle function, and improve endurance. Abrine extracted from A. cantoniensis Hance has been reported as a main functional compound capable of treating chronic inflammation. PURPOSE In this study, we explored the effect of abrine on OA progression. STUDY DESIGN Bioinformatics analysis was performed on abrine and its potential targets in OA, using the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database, GSE1919 dataset from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, and docking interaction analysis. METHODS The effect of abrine in vitro was analysed by Cell Counting Kit 8 assays, colony formation assays, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, flow cytometry analysis, quantitative real-time PCR, and western blotting using human transformed chondrocyte cell line C28/I2. The effect of abrine was evaluated in vivo using the anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) Sprague-Dawley rat OA model. RESULTS Abrine enhanced the proliferation of interleukin (IL)-1β-stimulated C28/I2 cells in a dose-dependant manner. Expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines was induced by IL-1β treatment, whereas abrine treatment repressed the induction of C28/I2 cells in a dose dependant manner (p < 0.05). Abrine induced cell proliferation and inhibited apoptosis in IL-1β-stimulated C28/I2 cells (p < 0.05). Abrine also inhibited Proviral Integrations of Moloney virus 2 (PIM2) expression in IL-1β-stimulated C28/I2 cells (p < 0.05). The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), p-VEGFR2, and p-eNOS was induced by IL-1β treatment in C28/I2 cells, while abrine inhibited this induction in a dose dependant manner. Treatment with abrine decreased the expression levels of PIM2 and VEGF in IL-1β-stimulated C28/I2 cells (p < 0.05). Overexpression of PIM2 induced cell proliferation and inhibited apoptosis in IL-1β-stimulated C28/I2 cells, while VEGF silencing reversed this effect (p < 0.05). Finally, abrine prevented cartilage degradation in the ACLT model. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that abrine promoted cell proliferation and inhibited apoptosis in IL-1β-stimulated C28/I2 cells through PIM2/VEGF signalling. These findings indicate PIM2 to be a potential drug target. Moreover, abrine has potential applicability as a therapeutic agent against OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Meng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Weihai, Shandong 264200, PR China; Department of Orthopaedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital (Heyuan Shenhe People's Hospital) Jinan University, Heyuan, Guangdong 517000, PR China
| | - Dezhen Yin
- Department of Spine Surgery, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Weihai, Shandong 264200, PR China
| | - Siqiang Qiu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250031, PR China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Orthopeadic Surgery, Zhucheng people's hospital, Zhucheng, Shandong 262200, PR China.
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10
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Genu DHS, Lima-Setta F, Colleti J, de Souza DC, Gama SD, Massaud-Ribeiro L, Pistelli IP, Proença Filho JO, Bernardi TDMC, de Castilho TRRN, Clemente MG, Borsetto CCMR, de Oliveira LA, Alves TRS, Pedroso DB, La Torre FPF, Borges LP, Santos G, de Mello E Silva JF, de Magalhães-Barbosa MC, da Cunha AJLA, Soares M, Prata-Barbosa A. Multicenter validation of PIM3 and PIM2 in Brazilian pediatric intensive care units. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:1036007. [PMID: 36589158 PMCID: PMC9795232 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.1036007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To validate the PIM3 score in Brazilian PICUs and compare its performance with the PIM2. METHODS Observational, retrospective, multicenter study, including patients younger than 16 years old admitted consecutively from October 2013 to September 2019. We assessed the Standardized Mortality Ratio (SMR), the discrimination capability (using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve - AUROC), and the calibration. To assess the calibration, we used the calibration belt, which is a curve that represents the correlation of predicted and observed values and their 95% Confidence Interval (CI) through all the risk ranges. We also analyzed the performance of both scores in three periods: 2013-2015, 2015-2017, and 2017-2019. RESULTS 41,541 patients from 22 PICUs were included. Most patients aged less than 24 months (58.4%) and were admitted for medical conditions (88.6%) (respiratory conditions = 53.8%). Invasive mechanical ventilation was used in 5.8%. The median PICU length of stay was three days (IQR, 2-5), and the observed mortality was 1.8% (763 deaths). The predicted mortality by PIM3 was 1.8% (SMR 1.00; 95% CI 0.94-1.08) and by PIM2 was 2.1% (SMR 0.90; 95% CI 0.83-0.96). Both scores had good discrimination (PIM3 AUROC = 0.88 and PIM2 AUROC = 0.89). In calibration analysis, both scores overestimated mortality in the 0%-3% risk range, PIM3 tended to underestimate mortality in medium-risk patients (9%-46% risk range), and PIM2 also overestimated mortality in high-risk patients (70%-100% mortality risk). CONCLUSIONS Both scores had a good discrimination ability but poor calibration in different ranges, which deteriorated over time in the population studied.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernanda Lima-Setta
- Department of Pediatrics, Instituto D'Or de Pesquisa e Ensino, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - José Colleti
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Assunção, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Sérgio D'Abreu Gama
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Urgências Pediátricas Nova Iguaçu, Nova Iguaçu, RJ, Brazil
| | - Letícia Massaud-Ribeiro
- Instituto de Puericultura e Pediatria Martagão Gesteira, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Luiz Aurelio de Oliveira
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Hospital e Maternidade Ribeirão Pires, Ribeirão Pires, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Lunna Perdigão Borges
- Department of Research & Development, Epimed Solutions Inc., Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Santos
- Department of Research & Development, Epimed Solutions Inc., Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | - Antonio José Ledo Alves da Cunha
- Department of Pediatrics, Instituto D'Or de Pesquisa e Ensino, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Instituto de Puericultura e Pediatria Martagão Gesteira, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcio Soares
- Department of Pediatrics, Instituto D'Or de Pesquisa e Ensino, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Department of Research & Development, Epimed Solutions Inc., Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Arnaldo Prata-Barbosa
- Department of Pediatrics, Instituto D'Or de Pesquisa e Ensino, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Instituto de Puericultura e Pediatria Martagão Gesteira, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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11
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Abstract
Lung cancer is a lethal cancer that threatens human health. Several studies have demonstrated the role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in lung cancer. SOX21-AS1 is a newly discovered oncogenic lncRNA, but its molecular mechanism in lung cancer is not known. Here, the levels of SOX21-AS1, miR-24-3p, and PIM2 were examined in lung cancer and normal tissues. The relationships between miR-24-3p and SOX21-AS1 or PIM2 were predicted using bioinformatics tools and confirmed using a luciferase reporter assays. Colony formation, MTT, flow cytometry, and transwell assays were conducted to analyze cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion abilities, respectively. Western blotting was used to measure PIM2 expression levels in cancer tissues and cells. SOX21-AS1 expression levels were high in lung cancer tissues and cells. In contrast, the amount of miR-24-3p bound to SOX21-AS1 was relatively low in cancerous tissues and cells. The knockdown of SOX21-AS1 decreased cell proliferation, activated apoptosis, and promoted cell migration and invasion. These effects were abolished by miR-24-3p inhibition. The oncogenic function of SOX21-AS1 mediated through targeting miR-24-3p was also demonstrated in animal models. PIM2 was targeted by miR-24-3p and showed increased levels in tumor tissues and cells. Furthermore, miR-24-3p overexpression inhibited the proliferation and promoted the apoptosis of lung cancer cells. In lung cancer cells, SOX21-AS1 negatively modulated the miR-24-3p/PIM2 axis to facilitate their proliferation, migration, and invasion. These findings offer a novel idea for future research on treating lung cancer at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengfeng Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Respiration, People's Hospital of Jingjiang, Jingjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tengfei Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, People's Hospital of Lianshui County, Lianshui, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Respiration, People's Hospital of Jingjiang, Jingjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Respiration, People's Hospital of Jingjiang, Jingjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dan Xiong
- Department of Respiration, People's Hospital of Jingjiang, Jingjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yehan Zhu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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12
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Harada T, Hiasa M, Teramachi J, Abe M. Myeloma-Bone Interaction: A Vicious Cycle via TAK1- PIM2 Signaling. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4441. [PMID: 34503251 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Myeloma cells interact with their ambient cells in the bone, such as bone marrow stromal cells, osteoclasts, and osteocytes, resulting in enhancement of osteoclastogenesis and inhibition of osteoblastogenesis while enhancing their growth and drug resistance. The activation of the TAK1–PIM2 signaling axis appears to be vital for this mutual interaction, posing it as an important therapeutic target to suppress tumor expansion and ameliorate bone destruction in multiple myeloma. Abstract Multiple myeloma (MM) has a propensity to develop preferentially in bone and form bone-destructive lesions. MM cells enhance osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption through activation of the RANKL–NF-κB signaling pathway while suppressing bone formation by inhibiting osteoblastogenesis from bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) by factors elaborated in the bone marrow and bone in MM, including the soluble Wnt inhibitors DKK-1 and sclerostin, activin A, and TGF-β, resulting in systemic bone destruction with loss of bone. Osteocytes have been drawn attention as multifunctional regulators in bone metabolism. MM cells induce apoptosis in osteocytes to trigger the production of factors, including RANKL, sclerostin, and DKK-1, to further exacerbate bone destruction. Bone lesions developed in MM, in turn, provide microenvironments suited for MM cell growth/survival, including niches to foster MM cells and their precursors. Thus, MM cells alter the microenvironments through bone destruction in the bone where they reside, which in turn potentiates tumor growth and survival, thereby generating a vicious loop between tumor progression and bone destruction. The serine/threonine kinases PIM2 and TAK1, an upstream mediator of PIM2, are overexpressed in bone marrow stromal cells and osteoclasts as well in MM cells in bone lesions. Upregulation of the TAK1–PIM2 pathway plays a critical role in tumor expansion and bone destruction, posing the TAK1–PIM2 pathway as a pivotal therapeutic target in MM.
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13
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Lu C, Qiao P, Sun Y, Ren C, Yu Z. Positive regulation of PFKFB3 by PIM2 promotes glycolysis and paclitaxel resistance in breast cancer. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e400. [PMID: 33931981 PMCID: PMC8087946 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common female malignancies in the world. Chemotherapeutic resistance is the major cause of BC therapy failure, leading to tumor recurrence and metastasis. Studies have illustrated the close relationship between glycolysis and BC progression and drug resistance. The key glycolysis regulator, PFKFB3 makes a difference during BC progression and drug resistance. However, the mechanism remains to be unknown. METHODS Mass spectrometry analyses were used to found that PIM2 was a potential new binding protein of PFKFB3. Co-immunoprecipitated and western blot were used to verify the interaction between PIM2 and PFKFB3 in BC and the molecular mechanism by which PIM2 phosphorylates PFKFB3 in regulating the protein function. PFKFB3 mutant forms were used to demonstrate the need for PFKFB3 in BC drug resistance. RESULTS We identified that PIM2 is a new binding protein of PFKFB3. We used biochemical methods to determine that PIM2 can directly bind and change the phosphorylation of PFKFB3 at Ser478 to enhance PFKFB3 protein stability through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Importantly, phosphorylation of PFKFB3 at Ser478 promoted glycolysis, BC cell growth, and paclitaxel resistance together with PIM2 in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that PIM2 mediates PFKFB3 phosphorylation thus regulates glycolysis and paclitaxel resistance to promote tumor progression in BC and provides preclinical evidence for targeting PFKFB3 as a new strategy in BC treatment to battle paclitaxel resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Lu
- Department of Reproductive MedicineAffiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical UniversityWeifangShandong ProvinceP. R. China
| | - Pengyun Qiao
- Department of Reproductive MedicineAffiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical UniversityWeifangShandong ProvinceP. R. China
| | - Yonghong Sun
- Department of PathologyAffiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical UniversityWeifangShandong ProvinceP. R. China
| | - Chune Ren
- Department of Reproductive MedicineAffiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical UniversityWeifangShandong ProvinceP. R. China
| | - Zhenhai Yu
- Department of Reproductive MedicineAffiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical UniversityWeifangShandong ProvinceP. R. China
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14
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Wang Y, Xiu J, Ren C, Yu Z. Protein kinase PIM2: A simple PIM family kinase with complex functions in cancer metabolism and therapeutics. J Cancer 2021; 12:2570-2581. [PMID: 33854618 PMCID: PMC8040705 DOI: 10.7150/jca.53134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PIM2 (proviral integration site for Moloney murine leukemia virus 2) kinase plays an important role as an oncogene in multiple cancers, such as leukemia, liver, lung, myeloma, prostate and breast cancers. PIM2 is largely expressed in both leukemia and solid tumors, and it promotes the transcriptional activation of genes involved in cell survival, cell proliferation, and cell-cycle progression. Many tumorigenic signaling molecules have been identified as substrates for PIM2 kinase, and a variety of inhibitors have been developed for its kinase activity, including SMI-4a, SMI-16a, SGI-1776, JP11646 and DHPCC-9. Here, we summarize the signaling pathways involved in PIM2 kinase regulation and PIM2 mechanisms in various neoplastic diseases. We also discuss the current status and future perspectives for the development of PIM2 kinase inhibitors to combat human cancer, and PIM2 will become a therapeutic target in cancers in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Wang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Jing Xiu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Chune Ren
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Zhenhai Yu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, P.R. China
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15
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Pinto VL, Guffey D, Loftis L, Bembea MM, Spinella PC, Hanson SJ. Evaluation of Severity of Illness Scores in the Pediatric ECMO Population. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:698120. [PMID: 34650938 PMCID: PMC8506160 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.698120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Though commonly used for adjustment of risk, severity of illness and mortality risk prediction scores, based on the first 24 h of intensive care unit (ICU) admission, have not been validated in the pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) population. We aimed to determine the association of Pediatric Index of Mortality 2 (PIM2), Pediatric Risk of Mortality Score III (PRISM III) and Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction (PELOD) scores with mortality in pediatric patients on ECMO. This was a retrospective cohort study of children ≤18 years of age included in the Pediatric ECMO Outcomes Registry (PEDECOR) from 2014 to 2018. Logistic regression and Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curves were used to calculate the area under the curve (AUC) to evaluate association of mortality with the scores. Of the 655 cases, 289 (44.1%) did not survive until hospital discharge. AUCs for PIM2, PRISM III, and PELOD predicting mortality were 0.52, 0.52, and 0.51 respectively. PIM2, PRISM III, and PELOD scores are not associated with odds of mortality for pediatric patients receiving ECMO. These scores for a general pediatric ICU population should not be used for prognostication or risk stratification of a select population such as ECMO patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venessa L Pinto
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Danielle Guffey
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Laura Loftis
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Melania M Bembea
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Philip C Spinella
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Sheila J Hanson
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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16
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Wang F, Xu L, Dong G, Zhu M, Liu L, Wang B. PIM2 deletion alleviates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 533:1419-26. [PMID: 33333710 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.08.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation has an essential role in regulating the pathogenesis of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The serine/threonine kinase PIM2 is highly expressed in human macrophages, and exhibits regulatory role in inflammatory response. However, its effect on ARDS progression has not been investigated and still remains unclear. In the study, we attempted to investigate the potential of PIM2 during ARDS progression, and to reveal the underlying molecular mechanisms. Here, we found that PIM2 expression was dramatically up-regulated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-exposed murine macrophages through a dose- and time-dependent manner. Additionally, we found that PIM2 knockdown greatly alleviated LPS-triggered activation of Caspase-1, interleukin (IL)-1β, NOD-like receptor pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC) in macrophages, along with suppressed inflammatory response. Importantly, we identified that PIM2 could directly interact with NLRP3. PIM2 over-expression could further promote LPS-triggered inflammation and NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages. Furthermore, PIM2 knockout significantly alleviated the severity of ARDS in LPS-challenged mice. Evidently decreased inflammatory response and NLRP3 inflammasome were detected in pulmonary tissues of LPS-treated mice with PIM2 deficiency. Together, our findings demonstrated that PIM2 as a promising therapeutic target for ARDS treatment through regulating NLRP3 inflammasome.
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17
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Luo H, Sun R, Zheng Y, Huang J, Wang F, Long D, Wu Y. PIM3 Promotes the Proliferation and Migration of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:6897-6905. [PMID: 32764981 PMCID: PMC7368586 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s245578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is associated with a poor overall prognosis. PIM family genes, including PIM1, PIM2, and PIM3, are proto-oncogenes that are aberrantly overexpressed in different types of human cancers. In this study, we aimed to explore and clarify the function of PIM3 in AML. Patients and Methods The expression of the three PIM genes in AML was detected using the Gene Expression Omnibus. The expression of PIM3 and PIM3 in patient samples and AML cell lines was measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction or Western blot analyses. The cellular behaviors of PIM3-overexpressing AML cell lines were detected using a CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry, Western blotting, immunofluorescence staining, and a cell migration assay. The interactions between PIM3 and phosphorylated CXCR4 (pCXCR4) were explored via immunoprecipitation. Results Higher PIM3 expression was detected in primary AML cells than in healthy donor cells. Second, PIM3 overexpression promoted AML cell proliferation and protected against spontaneous apoptosis by phosphorylating BAD (pBAD) at Ser112. Furthermore, PIM3 overexpression might promote the migration of AML cells via CXCR4. PIM3-overexpressing AML cell lines exhibited increased CXCR4 phosphorylation at Ser339, and pCXCR4 interacted with PIM3. Conclusion Our findings suggest that PIM3 regulates the proliferation, survival, and chemotaxis of AML cell lines. Moreover, pCXCR4 might mediate the regulation of PIM3-induced chemotaxis. Therefore, the inhibition of PIM3 expression may be a promising therapeutic target in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Luo
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruixue Sun
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhuan Zheng
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingcao Huang
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangfang Wang
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Long
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wu
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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Lu C, Ren C, Yang T, Sun Y, Qiao P, Han X, Yu Z. Fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase 1 interacts with NF-κB p65 to regulate breast tumorigenesis via PIM2 induced phosphorylation. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:8606-8618. [PMID: 32754266 PMCID: PMC7392005 DOI: 10.7150/thno.46861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase 1 (FBP1), a rate-limiting enzyme in gluconeogenesis, was recently shown to be a tumor suppressor and could mediate the activities of multiple transcriptional factors via its non-canonical functions. However, the underlying mechanism of posttranscriptional modification on the non-canonical functions of FBP1 remains elusive. Methods: We employed immunoaffinity purification to identify binding partner(s) and used co-immunoprecipitation to verify their interactions. Kinase reaction was used to confirm PIM2 could phosphorylate FBP1. Overexpression or knockdown proteins were used to assess the role in modulating p65 protein stability. Mechanistic analysis was involved in protein degradation and polyubiquitination assays. Nude mice and PIM2-knockout mice was used to study protein functions in vitro and in vivo. Results: Here, we identified Proviral Insertion in Murine Lymphomas 2 (PIM2) as a new binding partner of FBP1, which could phosphorylate FBP1 on Ser144. Surprisingly, phosphorylated FBP1 Ser144 abrogated its interaction with NF-κB p65, promoting its protein stability through the CHIP-mediated proteasome pathway. Furthermore, phosphorylation of FBP1 on Ser144 increased p65 regulated PD-L1 expression. As a result, phosphorylation of FBP1 on Ser144 promoted breast tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the levels of PIM2 and pSer144-FBP1 proteins were positively correlated with each other in human breast cancer and PIM2 knockout mice. Conclusions: Our findings revealed that phosphorylation noncanonical FBP1 by PIM2 was a novel regulator of NF-κB pathway, and highlights PIM2 inhibitors as breast cancer therapeutics.
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Ma L, Pak ML, Ou J, Yu J, St Louis P, Shan Y, Hutchinson L, Li S, Brehm MA, Zhu LJ, Green MR. Prosurvival kinase PIM2 is a therapeutic target for eradication of chronic myeloid leukemia stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:10482-7. [PMID: 31068472 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1903550116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A major obstacle to curing chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is the intrinsic resistance of CML stem cells (CMLSCs) to the drug imatinib mesylate (IM). Prosurvival genes that are preferentially expressed in CMLSCs compared with normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) represent potential therapeutic targets for selectively eradicating CMLSCs. However, the discovery of such preferentially expressed genes has been hampered by the inability to completely separate CMLSCs from HSCs, which display a very similar set of surface markers. To overcome this challenge, and to minimize confounding effects of individual differences in gene expression profiles, we performed single-cell RNA-seq on CMLSCs and HSCs that were isolated from the same patient and distinguished based on the presence or absence of BCR-ABL. Among genes preferentially expressed in CMLSCs is PIM2, which encodes a prosurvival serine-threonine kinase that phosphorylates and inhibits the proapoptotic protein BAD. We show that IM resistance of CMLSCs is due, at least in part, to maintenance of BAD phosphorylation by PIM2. We find that in CMLSCs, PIM2 expression is promoted by both a BCR-ABL-dependent (IM-sensitive) STAT5-mediated pathway and a BCR-ABL-independent (IM-resistant) STAT4-mediated pathway. Combined treatment with IM and a PIM inhibitor synergistically increases apoptosis of CMLSCs, suppresses colony formation, and significantly prolongs survival in a mouse CML model, with a negligible effect on HSCs. Our results reveal a therapeutically targetable mechanism of IM resistance in CMLSCs. The experimental approach that we describe can be generally applied to other malignancies that harbor oncogenic fusion proteins or other characteristic genetic markers.
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Xin H, Deng Y, Cao J. Proviral insertion in murine lymphomas 2 promotes stomach cancer progression by regulating apoptosis via reactive oxygen species-triggered endoplasmic reticulum stress. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 506:145-152. [PMID: 30340823 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.09.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most fatal cancers worldwide. The incidence and death rates are still increasing for gastric cancer. Increasing studies have shown that proviral insertion in murine lymphomas 2 (PIM2) functions as critical regulator of multiple cancers. However, it remains unknown whether and how PIM2 regulates gastric cancer progression. In this study, PIM2 was increased in the gastric cancer tissues of patients. Patients with high PIM2 expression levels had significantly shorter survival than those with low PIM2 expression. PIM2 knockdown reduced proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro by up-regulating E-cadherin, and down-regulating N-cadherin and Vimentin. Knockdown of PIM2 induced apoptosis in gastric cancer cells, which was regulated by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, as evidenced by the increased expression levels of Activating transcription factor (ATF) 6, ATF4, X-box- binding protein-1 (XBP-1) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). In addition, our data showed that PIM2 silence induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, leading to the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Importantly, we found that PIM2 knockdown-induced apoptosis and ER stress could be abolished by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. In vivo, PIM2 knockdown showed a significant reduction in SGC-7901 xenograft tumor size. In summary, our findings provided experimental evidence that PIM2 might function as an important oncogene in gastric cancer, which supplied promising target for developing new therapeutic strategy in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairong Xin
- Department of General Surgery, Shanxi Tumor Hospital, Taiyuan, 030013, China
| | - Yintian Deng
- General Surgery, The First Hospital of Hanbin Area, Ankang, 725000, China
| | - Jie Cao
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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21
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Adam K, Cartel M, Lambert M, David L, Yuan L, Besson A, Mayeux P, Manenti S, Didier C. A PIM-CHK1 signaling pathway regulates PLK1 phosphorylation and function during mitosis. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs213116. [PMID: 29976560 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.213116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the kinase CHK1 is a key player in the DNA damage response (DDR), several studies have recently provided evidence of DDR-independent roles of CHK1, in particular following phosphorylation of its S280 residue. Here, we demonstrate that CHK1 S280 phosphorylation is cell cycle-dependent and peaks during mitosis. We found that this phosphorylation was catalyzed by the kinase PIM2, whose protein expression was also increased during mitosis. Importantly, we identified polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) as a direct target of CHK1 during mitosis. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of CHK1 reduced the activating phosphorylation of PLK1 on T210, and recombinant CHK1 was able to phosphorylate T210 of PLK1 in vitro Accordingly, S280-phosphorylated CHK1 and PLK1 exhibited similar specific mitotic localizations, and PLK1 was co-immunoprecipitated with S280-phosphorylated CHK1 from mitotic cell extracts. Moreover, CHK1-mediated phosphorylation of PLK1 was dependent on S280 phosphorylation by PIM2. Inhibition of PIM proteins reduced cell proliferation and mitotic entry, which was rescued by expressing a T210D phosphomimetic mutant of PLK1. Altogether, these data identify a new PIM-CHK1-PLK1 phosphorylation cascade that regulates different mitotic steps independently of the CHK1 DDR function.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kévin Adam
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Descartes, 75014 Paris, France
- Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, équipe labellisée
| | - Maëlle Cartel
- Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, équipe labellisée
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM U1037, CNRS ERL 5294, Université de Toulouse, 31100 Toulouse, France
| | - Mireille Lambert
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Descartes, 75014 Paris, France
- Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, équipe labellisée
| | - Laure David
- Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, équipe labellisée
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM U1037, CNRS ERL 5294, Université de Toulouse, 31100 Toulouse, France
| | - Lingli Yuan
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.139 Renmin Middle Road, Furong, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Arnaud Besson
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM U1037, CNRS ERL 5294, Université de Toulouse, 31100 Toulouse, France
| | - Patrick Mayeux
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Descartes, 75014 Paris, France
- Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, équipe labellisée
| | - Stéphane Manenti
- Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, équipe labellisée
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM U1037, CNRS ERL 5294, Université de Toulouse, 31100 Toulouse, France
| | - Christine Didier
- Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, équipe labellisée
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM U1037, CNRS ERL 5294, Université de Toulouse, 31100 Toulouse, France
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Zajkowicz A, Krześniak M, Gdowicz-Kłosok A, Łasut B, Rusin M. PIM2 survival kinase is upregulated in a p53-dependent manner in cells treated with camptothecin or co-treated with actinomycin D and nutlin-3a. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 655:26-36. [PMID: 30096294 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The p53 protein is an inducer of apoptosis, acting as a transcriptional regulator of apoptotic genes. In a previous study, we found that actinomycin D and nutlin-3a (A + N) synergistically activate p53. To better understand the molecular consequences of this synergism, we incubated arrays of antibodies against apoptotic proteins with extracts of A549 cells in which p53 had been activated. We found that strong activation of p53, marked by serine 46 and 392 phosphorylation, was associated with inactivating phosphorylation of proapoptotic BAD protein on serine 136. Investigation of the source of this phosphorylation revealed that activation of p53 was associated with accumulation of PIM2, a survival kinase. The accumulation of PIM2 following treatment with A + N was suppressed in p53-knockdown cells. Others discovered that PIM2 was activated by cooperatively acting p53 molecules. Our results are consistent with this finding. Moreover, we found that in A549 cells, the treatment with A + N stimulated in p53-dependent fashion the expression of other high cooperativity p53 target genes, DRAXIN and H19. Activation of antiapoptotic H19 can mechanistically explain relatively low rate of apoptosis of A549 cells exposed to A + N. We conclude that PIM2, DRAXIN and H19 are efficiently stimulated by strongly activated p53 molecules, probably acting cooperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Zajkowicz
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute Oncology Center, Gliwice Branch, 44-101, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Krześniak
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute Oncology Center, Gliwice Branch, 44-101, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Gdowicz-Kłosok
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute Oncology Center, Gliwice Branch, 44-101, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Barbara Łasut
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute Oncology Center, Gliwice Branch, 44-101, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Marek Rusin
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute Oncology Center, Gliwice Branch, 44-101, Gliwice, Poland.
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Aouidate A, Ghaleb A, Ghamali M, Chtita S, Ousaa A, Choukrad M, Sbai A, Bouachrine M, Lakhlifi T. Computer aided drug design based on 3D-QSAR and molecular docking studies of 5-(1H-indol-5-yl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-amine derivatives as PIM2 inhibitors: a proposal to chemists. In Silico Pharmacol 2018; 6:5. [PMID: 30607318 DOI: 10.1007/s40203-018-0043-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PIM2 kinase plays a crucial role in the cell cycle events including survival, proliferation, and differentiation in normal and neoplastic neuronal cells. Thus, it is regarded as an essential target for cancer pharmaceutical. Design of novel 5-(1H-indol-5-yl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-amine derivatives with enhanced PIM2 inhibitory activity. A series of twenty-five PIM2 inhibitors reported in the literature containing 5-(1H-indol-5-yl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-amines scaffold was studied by using two computational techniques, namely, three-dimensional quantitative structure activity relationship (3D-QSAR) and molecular docking. The comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indexes analysis (CoMSIA) studies were developed using nineteen molecules having pIC50 ranging from 8.222 to 4.157. The best generated CoMFA and CoMSIA models exhibit conventional determination coefficients R2 of 0.91 and 0.90 as well as the Leave One Out cross-validation determination coefficients Q2 of 0.68 and 0.62, respectively. Moreover, the predictive ability of those models was evaluated by the external validation using a test set of six compounds with predicted determination coefficients Rtest 2 of 0.96 and 0.96, respectively. Besides, y-randomization test was also performed to validate our 3D-QSAR models. The most and the least active compounds were docked into the active site of the protein (PDB ID: 4 × 7q) to confirm those obtained results from 3D-QSAR models and elucidate the binding mode between this kind of compounds and the PIM2 enzyme. These satisfactory results are not offered help only to understand the binding mode of 5-(1H-indol-5-yl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol series compounds into this kind of targets, but provide information to design new potent PIM2 inhibitors.
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Fujii S, Nakamura S, Oda A, Miki H, Tenshin H, Teramachi J, Hiasa M, Bat-Erdene A, Maeda Y, Oura M, Takahashi M, Iwasa M, Endo I, Yoshida S, Aihara KI, Kurahashi K, Harada T, Kagawa K, Nakao M, Sano S, Abe M. Unique anti-myeloma activity by thiazolidine-2,4-dione compounds with Pim inhibiting activity. Br J Haematol 2018; 180:246-258. [PMID: 29327347 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.15033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Proviral Integrations of Moloney virus 2 (PIM2) is overexpressed in multiple myeloma (MM) cells, and regarded as an important therapeutic target. Here, we aimed to validate the therapeutic efficacy of different types of PIM inhibitors against MM cells for their possible clinical application. Intriguingly, the thiazolidine-2,4-dione-family compounds SMI-16a and SMI-4a reduced PIM2 protein levels and impaired MM cell survival preferentially in acidic conditions, in contrast to other types of PIM inhibitors, including AZD1208, CX-6258 and PIM447. SMI-16a also suppressed the drug efflux function of breast cancer resistance protein, minimized the sizes of side populations and reduced in vitro colony-forming capacity and in vivo tumourigenic activity in MM cells, suggesting impairment of their clonogenic capacity. PIM2 is known to be subject to ubiquitination-independent proteasomal degradation. Consistent with this, the proteasome inhibitors bortezomib and carfilzomib increased PIM2 protein levels in MM cells without affecting its mRNA levels. However, SMI-16a mitigated the PIM2 protein increase and cooperatively enhanced anti-MM effects in combination with carfilzomib. Collectively, the thiazolidine-2,4-dione-family compounds SMI-16a and SMI-4a uniquely reduce PIM2 protein in MM cells, which may contribute to their profound efficacy in addition to their immediate kinase inhibition. Their combination with proteasome inhibitors is envisioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Fujii
- Department of Haematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shingen Nakamura
- Department of Haematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Asuka Oda
- Department of Haematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Miki
- Division of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Tokushima University hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Tenshin
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Jumpei Teramachi
- Department of Histology and Oral Histology, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hiasa
- Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineerings, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Ariunzaya Bat-Erdene
- Department of Haematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yusaku Maeda
- Department of Haematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masahiro Oura
- Department of Haematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Mamiko Takahashi
- Department of Haematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masami Iwasa
- Department of Haematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Itsuro Endo
- Department of Haematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Sumiko Yoshida
- Department of Haematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Aihara
- Department of Haematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kiyoe Kurahashi
- Department of Haematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takeshi Harada
- Department of Haematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kumiko Kagawa
- Department of Haematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Michiyasu Nakao
- Department of Molecular Medicinal Chemistry, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shigeki Sano
- Department of Molecular Medicinal Chemistry, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masahiro Abe
- Department of Haematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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Aouidate A, Ghaleb A, Ghamali M, Chtita S, Choukrad M, Sbai A, Bouachrine M, Lakhlifi T. QSAR studies on PIM1 and PIM2 inhibitors using statistical methods: a rustic strategy to screen for 5-(1H-indol-5-yl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol analogues and predict their PIM inhibitory activity. Chem Cent J 2017; 11:41. [PMID: 29086822 PMCID: PMC5438336 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-017-0269-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Quantitative structure activity relationship was carried out to study a series of PIM1 and PIM2 inhibitors. The present study was performed on twenty-five substituted 5-(1H-indol-5-yl)-1,3,4-thiadiazols as PIM1 and PIM2 inhibitors having pIC50 ranging from 5.55 to 9 µM and from 4.66 to 8.22 µM, respectively, using genetic function algorithm for variable selection and multiple linear regression analysis (MLR) to establish unambiguous and simple QSAR models based on topological molecular descriptors. Results Results showed that the MLR predict activity in a satisfactory manner for both activities. Consequently, the aim of the current study is twofold, first, a simple linear QSAR model was developed, which could be easily handled by chemist to screen chemical databases, or design for new potent PIM1 and PIM2 inhibitors. Second, the outcomes extracted from the current study were exploited to predict the PIM inhibitory activity of some studied compound analogues. Conclusions The goal of this study is to develop easy and convenient QSAR model could be handled by everyone to screen chemical databases or to design newly PIM1 and PIM2 inhibitors derived from 5-(1H-indol-5-yl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol. Flow chart of the methodology used in this work. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnane Aouidate
- MCNSL, School of Sciences, University Moulay Ismail, Meknes, Morocco.
| | - Adib Ghaleb
- MCNSL, School of Sciences, University Moulay Ismail, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Mounir Ghamali
- MCNSL, School of Sciences, University Moulay Ismail, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Samir Chtita
- MCNSL, School of Sciences, University Moulay Ismail, Meknes, Morocco
| | - M'barek Choukrad
- MCNSL, School of Sciences, University Moulay Ismail, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Abdelouahid Sbai
- MCNSL, School of Sciences, University Moulay Ismail, Meknes, Morocco
| | | | - Tahar Lakhlifi
- MCNSL, School of Sciences, University Moulay Ismail, Meknes, Morocco
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Manoharan GB, Enkvist E, Uri A. Combining chemical and genetic approaches for development of responsive FRET-based sensor systems for protein kinases. Biophys Chem 2016; 211:39-48. [PMID: 26874332 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Chemical and genetic approaches were combined for the development of responsive FRET-based sensor systems for protein kinases, using PIM2 as the model kinase. Fusions of PIM2 and a red fluorescent protein, TagRFP were expressed in mammalian cells and small-molecule ARC-Lum photoluminescent probes possessing different phosphorescent and fluorescent properties were constructed. Based on a variety of Förster-type resonant energy transfer (FRET) mechanisms (including intermolecular or intramolecular energy transfer and transfer between singlet-singlet or triplet-singlet electronic states of interacting luminophores) of the probe and that of the fluorescently tagged PIM2, FRET-based sensor systems were constructed. The developed assays can be applied for analysis of PIM2 in biological samples and screening and characterization of PIM2 inhibitors in cell lysates. In screening studies sub-micromolar affinity of a d-arginine-rich peptide, nona(d-arginine) amide [(d-Arg)9-NH2], towards PIM2 was discovered that points to possible specific effect of this widely used transport peptide to cellular protein phosphorylation balance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erki Enkvist
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14A, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Asko Uri
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14A, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.
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Kapelko-Slowik K, Owczarek TB, Grzymajlo K, Urbaniak-Kujda D, Jazwiec B, Slowik M, Kuliczkowski K, Ugorski M. Elevated PIM2 gene expression is associated with poor survival of patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2016; 57:2140-9. [PMID: 26764044 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2015.1124991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The PIM2 gene encodes the serine/threonine kinase involved in cell survival and apoptosis. The aim of the study was to evaluate the expression of the PIM2 gene in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and to examine its role in apoptosis of the blastic cells. We analyzed the PIM2 expression in 148 patients: 91 with AML, 57 with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and 24 healthy controls by Real-Time PCR and Western blot. Inhibition of the PIM2 gene in human leukemic HL60 cell line was performed with RNAi and apoptosis rate was analyzed. Our results indicate that overexpression of PIM2 in AML is associated with low complete remission rate, high-risk cytogenetics, shorter leukemia-free survival, and event-free survival. Cytometric analysis of HL60/PAC-GFP and HL60/PAC-GFP-shPIM2 cells revealed an increase in the number of apoptotic cells after inhibition of PIM2 gene. In summary, the elevated expression of PIM2 in blastic cells is associated with poor prognosis of AML patients and their resistance to induction therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kapelko-Slowik
- a Department of Hematology, Neoplastic Blood Disorders and Bone Marrow Transplantation , Wroclaw Medical University , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Tomasz B Owczarek
- b Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy Polish Academy of Sciences , Wroclaw , Poland ;,c Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicology , Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Krzysztof Grzymajlo
- c Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicology , Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Donata Urbaniak-Kujda
- a Department of Hematology, Neoplastic Blood Disorders and Bone Marrow Transplantation , Wroclaw Medical University , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Bozena Jazwiec
- a Department of Hematology, Neoplastic Blood Disorders and Bone Marrow Transplantation , Wroclaw Medical University , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Miroslaw Slowik
- d Department of Ophthalmology , Wroclaw Medical University , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Kazimierz Kuliczkowski
- a Department of Hematology, Neoplastic Blood Disorders and Bone Marrow Transplantation , Wroclaw Medical University , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Maciej Ugorski
- b Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy Polish Academy of Sciences , Wroclaw , Poland ;,c Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicology , Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences , Wroclaw , Poland
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28
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Rajasekaran S, Kort E, Hackbarth R, Davis AT, Sanfilippo D, Fitzgerald R, Zuiderveen S, Ndika AN, Beauchamp H, Olivero A, Hassan N. Red cell transfusions as an independent risk for mortality in critically ill children. J Intensive Care 2016; 4:2. [PMID: 26744626 PMCID: PMC4704419 DOI: 10.1186/s40560-015-0122-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Severity of illness is an important consideration in making the decision to transfuse as it is the sicker patient that often needs a red cell transfusion. Red blood cell (RBC) transfusions could potentially have direct effects and interact with presenting illness by contributing to pathologies such as multi-organ dysfunction and acute lung injury thus exerting a considerable impact on overall morbidity and mortality. In this study, we examine if transfusion is an independent predictor of mortality, or if outcomes are merely a result of the initial severity as predicted by Pediatric Risk of Mortality (PRISM) III, Pediatric Index of Mortality (PIM2), and day 1 Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction (PELOD) scores. Methods A single center retrospective study was conducted using data from a prospectively maintained transfusion database and center-specific data at our pediatric ICU between January 2009 and December 2012. Multivariate regression was used to control for the effects of clinical findings, therapy, and severity scores, with mortality as the dependent variable. Likelihood ratios and area under the curve were used to test the fidelity of severity scores by comparing transfused vs. non-transfused patients. Results There were 4975 admissions that met entry criteria. In multivariate analysis, PRISM III scores and serum hemoglobin were significant predictors of transfusion (p < 0.05). Transfused and non-transfused subjects were distinctly disparate, so multivariate regression was used to control for differences. Severity scores, age, volume transfused, and vasoactive agents were significantly associated with mortality whereas hemoglobin was not. A substantial number of transfusions (45 %) occurred in the first 24 h, and patients transfused later (24–48 h) were more likely to die compared to this earlier time point. Likelihood ratio testing revealed statistically significant differences in severity scoring systems to predict mortality in transfused vs. non-transfused patients. Conclusions This study suggests that RBC transfusion is an important risk factor that is statistically independent of severity. The timing of transfusions that related strongest to mortality remained outside the purview of severity scoring, as these happened beyond the timing of data collection for most scoring systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surender Rajasekaran
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, 100 Michigan St N.E., Grand Rapids, MI 49503 USA ; Department of Pediatrics, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine. Grand Rapids, Grand Rapids, MI USA
| | - Eric Kort
- Department of Pediatric Hospitalists, Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI USA ; Department of Pediatrics, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine. Grand Rapids, Grand Rapids, MI USA
| | - Richard Hackbarth
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, 100 Michigan St N.E., Grand Rapids, MI 49503 USA ; Department of Pediatrics, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine. Grand Rapids, Grand Rapids, MI USA
| | - Alan T Davis
- Department of Research, Grand Rapids Medical Education Partners and Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI USA ; Department of Surgery, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI USA
| | - Dominic Sanfilippo
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, 100 Michigan St N.E., Grand Rapids, MI 49503 USA ; Department of Pediatrics, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine. Grand Rapids, Grand Rapids, MI USA
| | - Robert Fitzgerald
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, 100 Michigan St N.E., Grand Rapids, MI 49503 USA ; Department of Pediatrics, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine. Grand Rapids, Grand Rapids, MI USA
| | - Sandra Zuiderveen
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, 100 Michigan St N.E., Grand Rapids, MI 49503 USA
| | - Akunne N Ndika
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, 100 Michigan St N.E., Grand Rapids, MI 49503 USA
| | - Hilary Beauchamp
- Department of Pediatrics, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine. Grand Rapids, Grand Rapids, MI USA
| | - Anthony Olivero
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, 100 Michigan St N.E., Grand Rapids, MI 49503 USA ; Department of Pediatrics, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine. Grand Rapids, Grand Rapids, MI USA
| | - Nabil Hassan
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, 100 Michigan St N.E., Grand Rapids, MI 49503 USA ; Department of Pediatrics, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine. Grand Rapids, Grand Rapids, MI USA
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Uddin N, Kim RK, Yoo KC, Kim YH, Cui YH, Kim IG, Suh Y, Lee SJ. Persistent activation of STAT3 by PIM2-driven positive feedback loop for epithelial-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer. Cancer Sci 2015; 106:718-725. [PMID: 25854938 PMCID: PMC4471798 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis of breast cancer is promoted by epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Emerging evidence suggests that STAT3 is a critical signaling node in EMT and is constitutively activated in many carcinomas, including breast cancer. However, its signaling mechanisms underlying persistent activation of STAT3 associated with EMT remain obscure. Here, we report that PIM2 promotes activation of STAT3 through induction of cytokines. Activation of STAT3 caused an increase in PIM2 expression, implicating a positive feedback loop between PIM2 and STAT3. In agreement, targeting of either PIM2, STAT3 or PIM2-dependent cytokines suppressed EMT-associated migratory and invasive properties through inhibition of ZEB1. Taken together, our findings identify the signaling mechanisms underlying the persistent activation of STAT3 and the oncogenic role of PIM2 in EMT in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nizam Uddin
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Rae-Kwon Kim
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki-Chun Yoo
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Heon Kim
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yan-Hong Cui
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - In-Gyu Kim
- Department of Radiation Biology, Environmental Radiation Research Group, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yongjoon Suh
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su-Jae Lee
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
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Bekhit OESM, Algameel AA, Eldash HH. Application of pediatric index of mortality version 2: score in pediatric intensive care unit in an African developing country. Pan Afr Med J 2014; 17:185. [PMID: 25396011 PMCID: PMC4229007 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2014.17.185.2818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Outcome of patients admitted to PICU can be evaluated by many illness severity scoring systems. This prospective observational study evaluated the outcome of patients admitted to PICU in Fayoum University hospital of a developing country using the pediatric index of mortality version 2 scoring system. Methods All patients included in this study were subjected to data collection including demographics, diagnoses at admission, duration of ICU stay (DOS), pediatric index of mortality version 2 (PIM2) score and hospital outcome. The ratio of observed to predicted mortality (standardized mortality ratio (SMR)) was calculated for the set of patients. Results The study included 205 patients. The main causes of admission were respiratory, cardiovascular and neurological illnesses. Patients stay in ICU ranged from 1 - 45 days with a median 6 (interquartile range (IQ): 3-9) days. Discriminatory function of PIM2 scoring system was acceptable with the area under the ROC curve 0.76 (95%CI: 0.60-0.91). PIM2 calibrated well using Hosmer Lemeshow analysis (H-L X2= 1.410, df= 8, p=0.9). The mean predicted mortality was 5.6 (95% CI: 3.43 - 7.91) and the observed mortality was 8.8% giving a SMR 1.55. Conclusion PIM2 scoring system show adequate discriminatory function and well calibrated for the case mix of patients in PICU of Fayoum, Egypt. It can be used as beneficial tool for evaluation of risk adjusted mortality. Further larger scale studies in cooperation with other Egyptian universities and neighboring countries can improve the performance of our PICUs and critical care services.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hanaa Hasan Eldash
- Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al Fayoum University, Al Fayoum, Egypt
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McShane P, Draper ES, McKinney PA, McFadzean J, Parslow RC; Paediatric Intensive Care Audit Network (PICANet). Effects of out-of-hours and winter admissions and number of patients per unit on mortality in pediatric intensive care. J Pediatr 2013; 163:1039-44.e5. [PMID: 23623513 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2013.03.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of out-of-hours and winter admissions, and unit size on risk adjusted mortality in pediatric intensive care. STUDY DESIGN A national pediatric intensive care clinical audit provided data on over 86000 admissions to 29 pediatric intensive care units (2006-2011). Multivariate logistic regression modeled risk adjusted mortality prior to discharge with out-of-hours (night, weekend, public holiday) admissions, admissions per unit, winter admission, and potential confounders, overall and separately for emergency and planned admissions. RESULTS Nearly one-half (47.1%) of admissions were out-of-hours (n = 40948) and 79.2% of those were emergencies. Mortality for all out-of-hours admissions was raised (OR 1.1; 95% CI 1.02-1.2; P = .013), accounted for by planned admissions (OR 1.99; 95% CI 1.67-2.37; P < .001) compared with a reduced risk for emergency admissions (OR 0.93; 95% CI 0.86-1.1; P = .07). Winter admissions were associated with increased risk. Unit size did not affect mortality. CONCLUSIONS A child admitted to pediatric intensive care as an out-of-hours emergency is not at increased risk of dying compared with a weekday daytime admission, indicating pediatric intensive care units provide consistent quality of care around the clock. Excess mortality in planned out-of-hours admissions may be explained by admissions following complex operations where risk-adjustment models underestimate the true probability of mortality. In winter, a time of seasonally high bed occupancy, there was an increased mortality risk, an effect which requires further investigation. Despite the different characteristics of small units, the absence of any effect of unit size on mortality suggests that number of admissions per unit does not influence standards of care.
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Xu XJ, Tang YM, Song H, Yang SL, Xu WQ, Shi SW, Zhao N, Liao C. A multiplex cytokine score for the prediction of disease severity in pediatric hematology/oncology patients with septic shock. Cytokine 2013; 64:590-6. [PMID: 24051223 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2013.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Although many inflammatory cytokines are prognostic in sepsis, the utility of cytokines in evaluating disease severity in pediatric hematology/oncology patients with septic shock was rarely studied. On the other hand, a single particular cytokine is far from ideal in guiding therapeutic intervention, but combination of multiple biomarkers improves the accuracy. In this prospective observational study, 111 episodes of septic shock in pediatric hematology/oncology patients were enrolled from 2006 through 2012. Blood samples were taken for inflammatory cytokine measurement by cytometric bead array (CBA) technology at the initial onset of septic shock. Interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 were significantly elevated in majority of patients, while tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-γ were markedly increased in patients with high pediatric index of mortality 2 (PIM2) score and non-survivors. All the four cytokines paralleled the PIM2 score and differentially correlated with hemodynamic disorder and fatal outcomes. The pediatric multiplex cytokine score (PMCS), which integrated the four cytokines into one score system, was related to hemodynamic disorder and mortality as well, but showed more powerful prediction ability than each of the four cytokines. PMCS was an independent predictive factor for fatal outcome, presenting similar discriminative power with PIM2, with accuracy of 0.83 (95% CI, 0.71-0.94). In conclusion, this study develops a cytokine scoring system based on CBA technique, which performs well in disease severity and fatality prediction in pediatric hematology/oncology patients with septic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jun Xu
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, PR China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310003, PR China
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