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Bucheli OTM, Rodrigues D, Portmann K, Linder A, Thoma M, Halin C, Eyer K. Single-B cell analysis correlates high-lactate secretion with stress and increased apoptosis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8507. [PMID: 38605071 PMCID: PMC11009249 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58868-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
While cellular metabolism was proposed to be a driving factor of the activation and differentiation of B cells and the function of the resulting antibody-secreting cells (ASCs), the study of correlations between cellular metabolism and functionalities has been difficult due to the absence of technologies enabling the parallel measurement. Herein, we performed single-cell transcriptomics and introduced a direct concurrent functional and metabolic flux quantitation of individual murine B cells. Our transcriptomic data identified lactate metabolism as dynamic in ASCs, but antibody secretion did not correlate with lactate secretion rates (LSRs). Instead, our study of all splenic B cells during an immune response linked increased lactate metabolism with acidic intracellular pH and the upregulation of apoptosis. T cell-dependent responses increased LSRs, and added TLR4 agonists affected the magnitude and boosted LSRhigh B cells in vivo, while resulting in only a few immunoglobulin-G secreting cells (IgG-SCs). Therefore, our observations indicated that LSRhigh cells were not differentiating into IgG-SCs, and were rather removed due to apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia T M Bucheli
- ETH Laboratory for Functional Immune Repertoire Analysis, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, D-CHAB, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Rodrigues
- ETH Laboratory for Functional Immune Repertoire Analysis, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, D-CHAB, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kevin Portmann
- ETH Laboratory for Functional Immune Repertoire Analysis, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, D-CHAB, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Aline Linder
- ETH Laboratory for Functional Immune Repertoire Analysis, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, D-CHAB, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marina Thoma
- ETH Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Immunology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, D-CHAB, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Cornelia Halin
- ETH Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Immunology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, D-CHAB, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Eyer
- ETH Laboratory for Functional Immune Repertoire Analysis, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, D-CHAB, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland.
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark.
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2
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Zolotarev N, Wang Y, Du M, Bayer M, Grosschedl A, Cisse I, Grosschedl R. Regularly spaced tyrosines in EBF1 mediate BRG1 recruitment and formation of nuclear subdiffractive clusters. Genes Dev 2024; 38:4-10. [PMID: 38233109 PMCID: PMC10903943 DOI: 10.1101/gad.350828.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
B lineage priming by pioneer transcription factor EBF1 requires the function of an intrinsically disordered region (IDR). Here, we examine the role of regularly spaced tyrosines in the IDR as potential determinants of IDR function and activity of EBF1. We found that four Y > A mutations in EBF1 reduced the formation of condensates in vitro and subdiffractive clusters in vivo. Notably, Y > A mutant EBF1 was inefficient in promoting B cell differentiation and showed impaired chromatin binding, recruitment of BRG1, and activation of specific target genes. Thus, regularly spaced tyrosines in the IDR contribute to the biophysical and functional properties of EBF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay Zolotarev
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg 79108, Germany
- Department of Biological Physics, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg 79108, Germany
| | - Yuanting Wang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg 79108, Germany
| | - Manyu Du
- Department of Biological Physics, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg 79108, Germany
| | - Marc Bayer
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg 79108, Germany
| | - Anna Grosschedl
- Department of Biological Physics, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg 79108, Germany
| | - Ibrahim Cisse
- Department of Biological Physics, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg 79108, Germany
| | - Rudolf Grosschedl
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg 79108, Germany;
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3
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Hsieh CH, Lee J, Sung HH, Huang YF, Ding YS, Li CY, Yen CL, Hsu CK, Yu CK, Hsieh HY, Hughes MW, Chen PC, Shieh CC. Novel SLC5A6 mutations lead to B lymphocyte maturation defects with metabolic abnormality rescuable by biotin replenishment. Clin Immunol 2023; 257:109855. [PMID: 38036278 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
We characterized a family diagnosed with immunodeficiency disease presenting with low immunoglobulin levels and skin dyskeratosis. Exome sequencing revealed compound heterozygous missense variants in SLC5A6, the gene encoding a cellular sodium-dependent multivitamin transporter (SMVT) responsible for transporting vitamins, including biotin (vitamin B7). We showed that the biotin deficiency was caused by the SLC5A6 variants resulting in defective B cell differentiation and antibody deficiency. Altered cellular metabolic profiles, including aberrant mitochondrial respiration and reliance on glycolysis, may underlie the failure in plasma cell maturation. Replenishment of biotin improved plasma cell maturation and recovered the antibody producing activity in the patient and in a CRISPR-Cas9 gene-edited mouse model bearing a patient-specific SLC5A6 variant. Our results demonstrate the critical role of metabolic reprogramming in the maturation of plasma cells and nominate SLC5A6 as a causative gene for immunodeficiency that may be treated by biotin replenishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Han Hsieh
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ju Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Hsuan Sung
- National Laboratory Animal Center, National Applied Research Laboratory, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Fang Huang
- National Laboratory Animal Center, National Applied Reasearch Laboratories, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sian Ding
- National Laboratory Animal Center, National Applied Reasearch Laboratories, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yi Li
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Liang Yen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Kai Hsu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; International Research Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Keung Yu
- National Laboratory Animal Center, National Applied Research Laboratory, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ying Hsieh
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Michael Warren Hughes
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; International Research Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Peng-Chieh Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Research Center of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Chang Shieh
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Research Center of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.
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4
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Uehara K, Tanoue K, Yamaguchi K, Ohmura H, Ito M, Matsushita Y, Tsuchihashi K, Tamura S, Shimokawa H, Isobe T, Shibata Y, Ariyama H, Tanaka R, Kusaba H, Yamamoto H, Oda Y, Akashi K, Baba E. Preferential B cell differentiation by combined immune checkpoint blockade for renal cell carcinoma is associated with clinical response and autoimmune reactions. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023; 72:3543-3558. [PMID: 37550428 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03505-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Combined immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) is effective therapy for renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, the dynamic changes in circulating B cells induced by combined ICB have not been clarified. The present study prospectively examined 22 patients scheduled to receive ICB for unresectable or metastatic RCC between March 2018 and August 2021. Eleven patients received combined therapy with anti-PD-1 (nivolumab) and anti-CTLA-4 (ipilimumab), and the other 11 patients received nivolumab monotherapy. Comprehensive phenotypes of circulating immune cells obtained prior to and after ICB therapy were analyzed by flow cytometry. Although the proportion of naïve B cells among total B cells was significantly decreased, that of switched memory B cells was significantly increased after combined therapy. In responders, the proportion of B cells among peripheral blood mononuclear cells was significantly higher prior to ICB therapy, and the proportion of switched memory B cells among total B cells tended to increase after ICB therapy. Of note, the proportion of plasmablasts among total B cells was significantly increased after ICB therapy in patients who developed severe immune-related adverse events (irAEs), and the proportion of B cells among peripheral blood decreased significantly. Furthermore, in four of five patients who developed immune-related hypophysitis following combined therapy, anti-pituitary antibody was detected in the serum. These results suggested that immune-related hypophysitis was closely related to the increase in circulating plasmablasts. Collectively, this study suggests that combined ICB promotes the differentiation of B cell populations, which is associated with efficient tumor suppression and development of irAEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Uehara
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenro Tanoue
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kyoko Yamaguchi
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Ohmura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan
| | - Mamoru Ito
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuzo Matsushita
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hamanomachi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenji Tsuchihashi
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shingo Tamura
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hozumi Shimokawa
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Japan Community Health Care Organization Kyushu Hospital, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Taichi Isobe
- Department of Oncology and Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Shibata
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fukuoka Wajiro Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ariyama
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Risa Tanaka
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hamanomachi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kusaba
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hamanomachi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Yamamoto
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koichi Akashi
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Eishi Baba
- Department of Oncology and Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
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5
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Wang C, Yang S, Huang X, Lu Y, Zhang Y, Li M, Zhao J, Li S, Savelkoul H, Jansen C, Liu G. TGF-β1 reduces the differentiation of porcine IgA-producing plasma cells by inducing IgM + B cells apoptosis via Bax/Bcl2-Caspase3 pathway. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23180. [PMID: 37738038 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300824rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) performs a critical role in maintaining homeostasis of intestinal mucosa regulation and controls the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of many immune cells. In this study, we discovered that the infection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), a coronavirus, upregulated TGF-β1 expression via activating Tregs. Besides, recombinant porcine TGF-β1 decreased the percentage of CD21+ B cells within the lymphocyte population in vitro. We further found that TGF-β1 reduced the IgA-secreting B cell numbers and also inhibited plasma cell differentiation. Additional investigations revealed that TGF-β1 induced the apoptosis of IgM+ B cells in both peyer's patches (PPs) and peripheral blood (PB) through the activation of the Bax/Bcl2-Caspase3 pathway. Conversely, the application of the TGF-β1 signaling inhibitor SB431542 significantly antagonized the TGF-β1-induced reduction of IgA secretion and B cell apoptosis and restored plasma cell differentiation. Collectively, TGF-β1 plays an important role in regulating the survival and differentiation of porcine IgA-secreting B cells through the classical mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. These findings will facilitate future mucosal vaccine designs that target the regulation of TGF-β1 for the control of enteric pathogens in the pig industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiying Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Shanshan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Xin Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yabin Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Maolin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shuxian Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Huub Savelkoul
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Christine Jansen
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Guangliang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
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6
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Haas M, Fest T. Final step of B-cell differentiation into plasmablasts; the right time to activate plasma cell PIM2 kinase. Immunol Lett 2023; 258:45-50. [PMID: 37207916 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2023.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The differentiation of B cells into antibody-secreting plasma cells is a complex process that involves extensive changes in morphology, lifespan, and cellular metabolism to support the high rates of antibody production. During the final stage of differentiation, B cells undergo significant expansion of their endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, which induces cellular stress and may lead to cell death in absence of effective inhibition of the apoptotic pathway. These changes are tightly regulated at transcriptional and epigenetic levels, as well as at post-translational level, with protein modifications playing a critical role in the process of cellular modification and adaptation. Our recent research has highlighted the pivotal role of the serine/threonine kinase PIM2 in B cell differentiation, from commitment stage to plasmablast and maintenance of expression in mature plasma cells. PIM2 has been shown to promote cell cycle progression during the final stage of differentiation and to inhibit Caspase 3 activation, raising the threshold for apoptosis. In this review, we examine the key molecular mechanisms controlled by PIM2 that contribute to plasma cell development and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Haas
- Université de Rennes 1, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang de Bretagne, Team B_DEVIL, UMR_S1236, Rennes, France; Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Rennes, France
| | - Thierry Fest
- Université de Rennes 1, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang de Bretagne, Team B_DEVIL, UMR_S1236, Rennes, France; Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Rennes, France.
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7
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Abstract
B cells are a key component of the humoral (antibody-mediated) immune response which is responsible for defense against a variety of pathogens. Here we provide an overview of the current understanding of B cell development and function and briefly describe inborn errors of immunity associated with B cell development defects which can manifest as immune deficiency, malignancy, autoimmunity, or allergy. The knowledge and application of B cell biology are essential for laboratory evaluation and clinical assessment of these B cell disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarada L Nandiwada
- The Texas Children's Hospital, Section of Immunology, Allergy, and Retrovirology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.
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8
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Lin HH, Wu YS, Jian TY, Liao JY, Chang MT, Shyur LF, Lin YL. Phytogalactolipids activate humoral immunity against colorectal cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:95. [PMID: 37081540 PMCID: PMC10120243 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02660-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most lethal cancer in the world, and its incidence is steadily rising. In this study, we investigated the induction of humoral immunity by a phytogalactolipid enriched fraction (CRA) derived from the medicinal plant Crassocephalum rabens (Benth.) S. Moore to combat CRC. METHODS Immunocompetent BALB/c mice were used to evaluate CRA's therapeutic effects in CRC. The phenotypes of B cell subsets in splenocytes and tumors from the CRA-treated mice were isolated and analyzed by flow cytometry. The titers, isotypes, specificity, antigen recognition, and cytotoxic activity of CRA-induced anti-tumor antibodies were determined. The mechanisms of CRA on B cell differentiation were determined by cell-based analyses, including co-cultural with T cells, cytokine analysis, gene expression by qPCR, and protein expression by western blotting. RESULTS CRA efficiently inhibited tumor growth in colorectal tumor-bearing allograft mice. CRA treatment attracted an abundance of B cells into the tumor consequently enhancing the anti-tumor antibodies in sera and inducing a class-switch. CRA-induced antisera (designated CRA antisera) specifically recognized surface antigens on the plasma membrane of cancer cells. CRA antisera induced cytotoxicity including antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity, phagocytosis, and complement-dependent cytotoxicity. CRA interacted with IL-6 receptor to activate STAT3 and cMaf, resulting in T cell secretion of IL-21, which, in turn induced B cell differentiation through the IL-21R/STAT3/Blimp-1 pathway. CONCLUSIONS CRA regulated T cell activity resulting in B cell activation and triggering of anti-tumor antibodies to impede CRC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Huei Lin
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shin Wu
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yan Jian
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Yun Liao
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Ting Chang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Lie-Fen Shyur
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
- Program in Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
- Institute of BioPharmaceutical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Ling Lin
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
- Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
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9
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Le TA, Chu VT, Lino AC, Schrezenmeier E, Kressler C, Hamo D, Rajewsky K, Dörner T, Dang VD. Efficient CRISPR-Cas9-mediated mutagenesis in primary human B cells for identifying plasma cell regulators. Molecular Therapy - Nucleic Acids 2022; 30:621-632. [PMID: 36514352 PMCID: PMC9722396 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Human B lymphocytes are attractive targets for immunotherapies in autoantibody-mediated diseases. Gene editing technologies could provide a powerful tool to determine gene regulatory networks regulating B cell differentiation into plasma cells, and identify novel therapeutic targets for prevention and treatment of autoimmune disorders. Here, we describe a new approach that uses CRISPR-Cas9 technology to target genes in primary human B cells in vitro for identifying plasma cell regulators. We found that sgRNA and Cas9 components can be efficiently delivered into primary human B cells through RD114-pseudotyped retroviral vectors. Using this system, we achieved approximately 80% of gene knockout efficiency. We disrupted expression of a triad of transcription factors, IRF4, PRDM1, and XBP1, and showed that human B cell survival and plasma cell differentiation are severely impaired. Specifically, that IRF4, PRDM1, and XBP1 were expressed at different stages during plasma cell differentiation, IRF4, PRDM1, and XBP1-targeted B cells failed to progress to the pre-plasmablast, plasma cell state, and plasma cell survival, respectively. Our method opens a new avenue to study gene functions in primary human B cells and identify novel plasma cell regulators for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuan Anh Le
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, A Leibniz Institute, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Van Trung Chu
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Immune Regulation and Cancer, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreia C. Lino
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, A Leibniz Institute, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eva Schrezenmeier
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Christopher Kressler
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, A Leibniz Institute, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dania Hamo
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, A Leibniz Institute, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Rajewsky
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Immune Regulation and Cancer, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Dörner
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, A Leibniz Institute, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Corresponding author Thomas Dörner, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Van Duc Dang
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, A Leibniz Institute, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Corresponding author Van Duc Dang, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, A Leibniz Institute, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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10
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Luo L, Jiang P, Chen Q, Chang J, Jing Y, Luo X, Gu H, Huang Y, Chen R, Liu J, Kang D, Liu Q, Wang Y, Fang G, Zhu Y, Guan F, Lei J, Yang L, Liu C, Dai X. c-Abl controls BCR signaling and B cell differentiation by promoting B cell metabolism. Immunology 2022; 167:181-196. [PMID: 35753034 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
As a non-receptor tyrosine kinase, c-Abl was first studied in chronic myelogenous leukemia, and its role in lymphocytes has been well characterized. c-Abl is involved in B cell development and CD19 associated B cell antigen receptor (BCR) signaling. Although c-Abl regulates different metabolic pathways, the role of c-Abl is still unknown in B cell metabolism. In this study, B cell specific c-Abl knockout (KO) mice (Mb1Cre+/- c-Ablfl/fl ) were used to investigate how c-Abl regulates B cell metabolism and BCR signaling. We found that the levels of activation positive BCR signaling proximal molecules, phosphorylated spleen tyrosine kinase (pSYK) and phosphorylated Bruton tyrosine kinase (pBTK), were decreased, while the level of key negative regulator, phosphorylated SH2-containing inositol phosphatase (pSHIP1), was increased in Mb1Cre+/- c-Ablfl/fl mice. Furthermore, we found c-Abl deficiency weakened the B cell spreading, formation of BCR signalosomes, and the polymerization of actin during BCR activation, and also impaired the differentiation of germinal center (GC) B cells both in quiescent condition and after immunization. Moreover, B cell mitochondrial respiration and the expression of B cell metabolism regulating molecules were downregulated in c-Abl deficiency mice. Overall, c-Abl, which involved in actin remodeling and B cell metabolism, positively regulates BCR signaling and promotes GC differentiation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Luo
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Panpan Jiang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qianglin Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Jiang Chang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yukai Jing
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Luo
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Heng Gu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanmei Huang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ran Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ju Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Danqing Kang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guofeng Fang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingzi Zhu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Guan
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiahui Lei
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chaohong Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Dai
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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11
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Zhang Z, Cai J, Hao S, Li C, Chen J, Li T, Feng X. Transcriptomic analysis of spleen B cell revealed the molecular basis of bursopentin on B cell differentiation. Vet Res 2022; 53:109. [PMID: 36517897 PMCID: PMC9753308 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-022-01123-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The bursa of Fabricius, the acknowledged humoral immune organ unique to birds, plays a vital role in B cell development. Bursopentin (BP5) derived from the bursa is reported to induce the development and formation of B cells. However, the mechanism of BP5 on B cell differentiation is still unclear. In this paper, total B lymphocytes from mice immunized with H9N2 subtype AIV vaccine were stimulated with BP5. The results show that BP5 at the experimental dosages promoted B cell differentiation, including the total B cells, activated B cells, differentiated B cells, mature B cells and plasma cells. Then, the in vivo immune experiment proved that the percentages of activated and differentiated B cells from mice immunized with AIV vaccine and 0.25 mg/mL BP5 were increased. To investigate the molecular mechanism of BP5 on B cell differentiation, the gene expression profiles of B cells purified from the spleen cells of mice immunized with AIV vaccine and BP5 were detected following RNA sequencing technology. The results show that BP5 at 0.05 and 0.25 mg/mL induced the enrichment of various biological functions, and stimulated five common significant enrichment pathways in B cells from the immunized mice. Additionally, 120 and 59 differentially expressed genes (DEG) represented transcriptional factors in B cells following 0.05 and 0.25 mg/mL BP5 immunization, respectively. In summary, these results suggest that BP5 regulates various gene expression involved in regulation of B cell development, which provides the knowledge required for additional studies on B cell differentiation in response to bursal-derived peptides and also provides an important experimental basis for improving vaccine immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Zhang
- grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019Key Laboratory of Animal Microbiology of China’s Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China ,grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Jiaxi Cai
- grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019Key Laboratory of Animal Microbiology of China’s Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China ,grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Shanshan Hao
- grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019Key Laboratory of Animal Microbiology of China’s Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China ,grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Chenfei Li
- grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019Key Laboratory of Animal Microbiology of China’s Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China ,grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Jiajing Chen
- grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019Key Laboratory of Animal Microbiology of China’s Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China ,grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Tongtong Li
- grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019Key Laboratory of Animal Microbiology of China’s Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China ,grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Xiuli Feng
- grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019Key Laboratory of Animal Microbiology of China’s Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China ,grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
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12
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Santamaria K, Desmots F, Leonard S, Caron G, Haas M, Delaloy C, Chatonnet F, Rossille D, Pignarre A, Monvoisin C, Seffals M, Lamaison C, Cogné M, Tarte K, Fest T. Committed Human CD23-Negative Light-Zone Germinal Center B Cells Delineate Transcriptional Program Supporting Plasma Cell Differentiation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:744573. [PMID: 34925321 PMCID: PMC8674954 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.744573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
B cell affinity maturation occurs in the germinal center (GC). Light-zone (LZ) GC B cells (BGC-cells) interact with follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) and compete for the limited, sequential help from T follicular helper cells needed to escape from apoptosis and complete their differentiation. The highest-affinity LZ BGC-cells enter the cell cycle and differentiate into PCs, following a dramatic epigenetic reorganization that induces transcriptome changes in general and the expression of the PRDM1 gene in particular. Human PC precursors are characterized by the loss of IL-4/STAT6 signaling and the absence of CD23 expression. Here, we studied the fate of human LZ BGC-cells as a function of their CD23 expression. We first showed that CD23 expression was restricted to the GC LZ, where it was primarily expressed by FDCs; less than 10% of tonsil LZ BGC-cells were positive. Sorted LZ BGC-cells left in culture and stimulated upregulated CD23 expression but were unable to differentiate into PCs – in contrast to cells that did not upregulate CD23 expression. An in-depth analysis (including single-cell gene expression) showed that stimulated CD23-negative LZ BGC-cells differentiated into plasmablasts and time course of gene expression changes delineates the transcriptional program that sustains PC differentiation. In particular, we identified a B cell proliferation signature supported by a transient MYC gene expression. Overall, the CD23 marker might be of value in answering questions about the differentiation of normal BGC-cells and allowed us to propose an instructive LZ BGC-cells maturation and fate model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Santamaria
- UMR 1236, University of Rennes 1, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes, France
| | - Fabienne Desmots
- UMR 1236, University of Rennes 1, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes, France.,Pôle de Biologie, Rennes University Medical Center, Rennes, France
| | - Simon Leonard
- UMR 1236, University of Rennes 1, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes, France.,LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France
| | - Gersende Caron
- UMR 1236, University of Rennes 1, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes, France.,Pôle de Biologie, Rennes University Medical Center, Rennes, France
| | - Marion Haas
- UMR 1236, University of Rennes 1, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes, France.,Pôle de Biologie, Rennes University Medical Center, Rennes, France
| | - Céline Delaloy
- UMR 1236, University of Rennes 1, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes, France
| | - Fabrice Chatonnet
- UMR 1236, University of Rennes 1, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes, France.,Pôle de Biologie, Rennes University Medical Center, Rennes, France
| | - Delphine Rossille
- UMR 1236, University of Rennes 1, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes, France.,Pôle de Biologie, Rennes University Medical Center, Rennes, France
| | - Amandine Pignarre
- UMR 1236, University of Rennes 1, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes, France.,Pôle de Biologie, Rennes University Medical Center, Rennes, France
| | - Céline Monvoisin
- UMR 1236, University of Rennes 1, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes, France
| | - Marine Seffals
- University of Rennes 1, UMS Biosit, H2P2 Platform, Rennes, France
| | - Claire Lamaison
- UMR 1236, University of Rennes 1, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes, France
| | - Michel Cogné
- UMR 1236, University of Rennes 1, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes, France.,Pôle de Biologie, Rennes University Medical Center, Rennes, France
| | - Karin Tarte
- UMR 1236, University of Rennes 1, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes, France.,Pôle de Biologie, Rennes University Medical Center, Rennes, France
| | - Thierry Fest
- UMR 1236, University of Rennes 1, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes, France.,Pôle de Biologie, Rennes University Medical Center, Rennes, France
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13
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Gonzales SJ, Bol S, Braddom AE, Sullivan R, Reyes RA, Ssewanyana I, Eggers E, Greenhouse B, Bunnik EM. Longitudinal analysis of FcRL5 expression and clonal relationships among classical and atypical memory B cells following malaria. Malar J 2021; 20:435. [PMID: 34758841 PMCID: PMC8579674 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-021-03970-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic and frequently recurring infectious diseases, such as malaria, are associated with expanded populations of atypical memory B cells (MBCs). These cells are different from classical MBCs by the lack of surface markers CD21 and CD27 and increased expression of inhibitory receptors, such as FcRL5. While the phenotype and conditions leading to neogenesis of atypical MBCs in malaria-experienced individuals have been studied extensively, the origin of these cells remains equivocal. Functional similarities between FcRL5+ atypical MBCs and FcRL5+ classical MBCs have been reported, suggesting that these cells may be developmentally related. METHODS Here, a longitudinal analysis of FcRL5 expression in various B cell subsets was performed in two children from a high transmission region in Uganda over a 6-month period in which both children experienced a malaria episode. Using B-cell receptor (BCR)-sequencing to track clonally related cells, the connections between IgM+ and IgG+ atypical MBCs and other B cell subsets were studied. RESULTS The highest expression of FcRL5 was found among IgG+ atypical MBCs, but FcRL5+ cells were present in all MBC subsets. Following malaria, FcRL5 expression increased in all IgM+ MBC subsets analysed here: classical, activated, and atypical MBCs, while results for IgG+ MBC subsets were inconclusive. IgM+ atypical MBCs showed few connections with other B cell subsets, higher turnover than IgG+ atypical MBCs, and were predominantly derived from naïve B cells and FcRL5- IgM+ classical MBCs. In contrast, IgG+ atypical MBCs were clonally expanded and connected with classical MBCs. IgG+ atypical MBCs present after a malaria episode mainly originated from FcRL5+ IgG+ classical MBCs. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these results suggest fundamental differences between unswitched and class-switched B cell populations and provide clues about the primary developmental pathways of atypical MBCs in malaria-experienced individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jake Gonzales
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Long School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Sebastiaan Bol
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Long School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ashley E Braddom
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Long School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Richard Sullivan
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Shape Therapeutics, 219 Terry St., Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Raphael A Reyes
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Long School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Isaac Ssewanyana
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Infectious Disease Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Erica Eggers
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bryan Greenhouse
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Evelien M Bunnik
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Long School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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14
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Nogueira OC, Gandini M, Cabral N, de Figueiredo V, Rodrigues-da-Silva RN, Lima-Junior JDC, Pinheiro RO, Pereira GMB, Pessolani MCV, de Macedo CS. Changes in B Cell Pool of Patients With Multibacillary Leprosy: Diminished Memory B Cell and Enhanced Mature B in Peripheral Blood. Front Immunol 2021; 12:727580. [PMID: 34621273 PMCID: PMC8490736 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.727580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite being treatable, leprosy still represents a major public health problem, and many mechanisms that drive leprosy immunopathogenesis still need to be elucidated. B cells play important roles in immune defense, being classified in different subgroups that present distinct roles in the immune response. Here, the profile of B cell subpopulations in peripheral blood of patients with paucibacillary (TT/BT), multibacillary (LL/BL) and erythema nodosum leprosum was analyzed. B cell subpopulations (memory, transition, plasmablasts, and mature B cells) and levels of IgG were analyzed by flow cytometry and ELISA, respectively. It was observed that Mycobacterium leprae infection can alter the proportions of B cell subpopulations (increase of mature and decrease of memory B cells) in patients affected by leprosy. This modulation is associated with an increase in total IgG and the patient's clinical condition. Circulating B cells may be acting in the modulation of the immune response in patients with various forms of leprosy, which may reflect the patient's ability to respond to M. leprae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otto Castro Nogueira
- Cellular Microbiology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariana Gandini
- Cellular Microbiology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Natasha Cabral
- Cellular Microbiology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vilma de Figueiredo
- Cellular Microbiology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Roberta Olmo Pinheiro
- Leprosy Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Cristiana Santos de Macedo
- Cellular Microbiology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Center for Technological Development in Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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15
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Trezise S, Nutt SL. The gene regulatory network controlling plasma cell function. Immunol Rev 2021; 303:23-34. [PMID: 34109653 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies are an essential element of the immune response to infection, and in long-term protection upon re-exposure to the same micro-organism. Antibodies are produced by plasmablasts and plasma cells, the terminally differentiated cells of the B lymphocyte lineage. These relatively rare populations, collectively termed antibody secreting cells (ASCs), have developed highly specialized transcriptional and metabolic pathways to facilitate their extraordinarily high rates of antibody synthesis and secretion. In this review, we discuss the gene regulatory network that controls ASC identity and function, with a particular focus on the processes that influence the transcription, translation, folding, modification and secretion of antibodies. We will address how ASCs have adapted their transcriptional, metabolic and protein homeostasis pathways to sustain such high rates of antibody production, and the roles that the major ASC regulators, the transcription factors, Irf4, Blimp-1 and Xbp1, play in co-ordinating these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Trezise
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen L Nutt
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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16
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Patterson DG, Kania AK, Zuo Z, Scharer CD, Boss JM. Epigenetic gene regulation in plasma cells. Immunol Rev 2021; 303:8-22. [PMID: 34010461 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Humoral immunity provides protection from pathogenic infection and is mediated by antibodies following the differentiation of naive B cells (nBs) to antibody-secreting cells (ASCs). This process requires substantial epigenetic and transcriptional rewiring to ultimately repress the nB program and replace it with one conducive to ASC physiology and function. Notably, these reprogramming events occur within the framework of cell division. Efforts to understand the relationship of cell division with reprogramming and ASC differentiation in vivo have uncovered the timing and scope of reprogramming, as well as key factors that influence these events. Herein, we discuss the unique physiology of ASC and how nBs undergo epigenetic and genome architectural reorganization to acquire the necessary functions to support antibody production. We also discuss the stage-wise manner in which reprogramming occurs across cell divisions and how key molecular determinants can influence B cell fate outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dillon G Patterson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anna K Kania
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Zhihong Zuo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | | | - Jeremy M Boss
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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17
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Cagdas D, Mayr D, Baris S, Worley L, Langley DB, Metin A, Aytekin ES, Atan R, Kasap N, Bal SK, Dmytrus J, Heredia RJ, Karasu G, Torun SH, Toyran M, Karakoc-Aydiner E, Christ D, Kuskonmaz B, Uçkan-Çetinkaya D, Uner A, Oberndorfer F, Schiefer AI, Uzel G, Deenick EK, Keller B, Warnatz K, Neven B, Durandy A, Sanal O, Ma CS, Özen A, Stepensky P, Tezcan I, Boztug K, Tangye SG. Genomic Spectrum and Phenotypic Heterogeneity of Human IL-21 Receptor Deficiency. J Clin Immunol 2021; 41:1272-1290. [PMID: 33929673 PMCID: PMC8086229 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-021-01031-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Biallelic inactivating mutations in IL21R causes a combined immunodeficiency that is often complicated by cryptosporidium infections. While eight IL-21R-deficient patients have been reported previously, the natural course, immune characteristics of disease, and response to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) remain to be comprehensively examined. In our study, we have collected clinical histories of 13 patients with IL-21R deficiency from eight families across seven centers worldwide, including five novel patients identified by exome or NGS panel sequencing. Eight unique mutations in IL21R were identified in these patients, including two novel mutations. Median age at disease onset was 2.5 years (0.5–7 years). The main clinical manifestations were recurrent bacterial (84.6%), fungal (46.2%), and viral (38.5%) infections; cryptosporidiosis-associated cholangitis (46.2%); and asthma (23.1%). Inflammatory skin diseases (15.3%) and recurrent anaphylaxis (7.9%) constitute novel phenotypes of this combined immunodeficiency. Most patients exhibited hypogammaglobulinemia and reduced proportions of memory B cells, circulating T follicular helper cells, MAIT cells and terminally differentiated NK cells. However, IgE levels were elevated in 50% of IL-21R-deficient patients. Overall survival following HSCT (6 patients, mean follow-up 1.8 year) was 33.3%, with pre-existing organ damage constituting a negative prognostic factor. Mortality of non-transplanted patients (n = 7) was 57.1%. Our detailed analysis of the largest cohort of IL-21R-deficient patients to date provides in-depth clinical, immunological and immunophenotypic features of these patients, thereby establishing critical non-redundant functions of IL-21/IL-21R signaling in lymphocyte differentiation, humoral immunity and host defense against infection, and mechanisms of disease pathogenesis due to IL-21R deficiency. Outcome following HSCT depends on prior chronic infections and organ damage, which should thus be considered as early as possible following molecular diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Cagdas
- Division of Pediatric Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, İhsan Doğramacı Children's Hospital, Hacettepe University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey.
- Section of Pediatric Immunology, Institutes of Child Health, Health Science Institute, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Daniel Mayr
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Safa Baris
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Marmara University Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
- Istanbul Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Istanbul, Turkey
- The Isil Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Lisa Worley
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - David B Langley
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ayse Metin
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Ankara City Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Elif Soyak Aytekin
- Division of Pediatric Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, İhsan Doğramacı Children's Hospital, Hacettepe University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Raziye Atan
- Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University Medical Faculty, 1031, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nurhan Kasap
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Marmara University Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
- Istanbul Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Istanbul, Turkey
- The Isil Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevgi Köstel Bal
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jasmin Dmytrus
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Raul Jimenez Heredia
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gulsun Karasu
- School of Medicine, Goztepe Medicalpark Hospital, Pediatric stem Cell Transplantation Unit, İstinye University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Selda Hancerli Torun
- İstanbul Medical Faculty, Pediatric Infectious Disease, Istanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Muge Toyran
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Ankara City Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Elif Karakoc-Aydiner
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Marmara University Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
- Istanbul Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Istanbul, Turkey
- The Isil Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Daniel Christ
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Baris Kuskonmaz
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Duygu Uçkan-Çetinkaya
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aysegul Uner
- Department of Pathology, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Ana-Iris Schiefer
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gulbu Uzel
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elissa K Deenick
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Baerbel Keller
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Warnatz
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bénédicte Neven
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Hematology and Rheumatology, Necker Children Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Anne Durandy
- Laboratory of Human Lymphohematopoiesis, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Ozden Sanal
- Division of Pediatric Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, İhsan Doğramacı Children's Hospital, Hacettepe University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey
- Section of Pediatric Immunology, Institutes of Child Health, Health Science Institute, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cindy S Ma
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ahmet Özen
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Marmara University Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
- Istanbul Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Istanbul, Turkey
- The Isil Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Polina Stepensky
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Hadassah Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ilhan Tezcan
- Division of Pediatric Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, İhsan Doğramacı Children's Hospital, Hacettepe University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey
- Section of Pediatric Immunology, Institutes of Child Health, Health Science Institute, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kaan Boztug
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria.
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria.
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- St. Anna Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Stuart G Tangye
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.
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18
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Lemarié M, Chatonnet F, Caron G, Fest T. Early Emergence of Adaptive Mechanisms Sustaining Ig Production: Application to Antibody Therapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:671998. [PMID: 33995412 PMCID: PMC8117215 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.671998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody therapy, where artificially-produced immunoglobulins (Ig) are used to treat pathological conditions such as auto-immune diseases and cancers, is a very innovative and competitive field. Although substantial efforts have been made in recent years to obtain specific and efficient antibodies, there is still room for improvement especially when considering a precise tissular targeting or increasing antigen affinity. A better understanding of the cellular and molecular steps of terminal B cell differentiation, in which an antigen-activated B cell becomes an antibody secreting cell, may improve antibody therapy. In this review, we use our recently published data about human B cell differentiation, to show that the mechanisms necessary to adapt a metamorphosing B cell to its new secretory function appear quite early in the differentiation process i.e., at the pre-plasmablast stage. After characterizing the molecular pathways appearing at this stage, we will focus on recent findings about two main processes involved in antibody production: unfolded protein response (UPR) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. We’ll show that many genes coding for factors involved in UPR and ER stress are induced at the pre-plasmablast stage, sustaining our hypothesis. Finally, we propose to use this recently acquired knowledge to improve productivity of industrialized therapeutic antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Lemarié
- Université de Rennes 1, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang de Bretagne, UMR_S1236, Rennes, France
| | - Fabrice Chatonnet
- Université de Rennes 1, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang de Bretagne, UMR_S1236, Rennes, France.,Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Pôle de Biologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Rennes, France
| | - Gersende Caron
- Université de Rennes 1, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang de Bretagne, UMR_S1236, Rennes, France.,Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Pôle de Biologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Rennes, France
| | - Thierry Fest
- Université de Rennes 1, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang de Bretagne, UMR_S1236, Rennes, France.,Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Pôle de Biologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Rennes, France
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19
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Chen M, Yan F, Liu S, Wang Y, Chen J, Zhou E, Lin L, Ye J. Xbp1-u and Xbp1-s from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): Transcriptional profiling upon Streptococcus agalactiae infection and the potential role in B cell activation and differentiation. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020; 107:202-210. [PMID: 33011436 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
X-box protein 1 (Xbp1), an essential transcription factor including an unstable form (Xbp1-u) and a stable form (Xbp1-s), plays an vital role in B cell activation and differentiation to plasma cells. In this study, we cloned and identified Xbp1-u gene from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), containing 783 bp of nucleotide sequence encoding 260 amino acids. The deduced protein possesses a basic region leucine zipper domain (bZIP) and 26 ribonucleotides of OnXbp1-u transcript. Transcription analysis revealed OnXbp1-u and OnXbp1-s were widely distributed in all examined tissues, with a high expression in immune-related tissues. When stimulated with Streptococcus agalactiae in vivo, the expressions of OnXbp1-u and OnXbp1-s were significantly up-regulated in liver, spleen, head kidney, blood, skin and intestine. After in vitro challenge upon S.agalactiae, the similar up-regulations of OnXbp1-u and OnXbp1-s were also demonstrated in head kidney leukocytes. Moreover, the OnXbp1-u and OnXbp1-s could get involved in LPS-inducible B cell activation and (r)OnIL6-inducible B cell differentiation. Taken together, the results indicated that OnXbp1-u and OnXbp1-s might not only involved in the immune response against S. agalactiae challenge, but also in the B cell activation and differentiation in Nile tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Health and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Fangfang Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Health and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Health and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Yuhong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Health and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Jianlin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Health and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Enxu Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Health and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Li Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China.
| | - Jianmin Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Health and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
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20
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Liu G, Wang B, Chen Q, Li Y, Li B, Yang N, Yang S, Geng S, Liu G. Interleukin (IL)-21 Promotes the Differentiation of IgA-Producing Plasma Cells in Porcine Peyer's Patches via the JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1303. [PMID: 32655571 PMCID: PMC7324671 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Secretory IgA is critical to prevent the invasion of pathogens via mucosa. However, the key factors and the mechanisms of IgA generation in the porcine gut are not well-understood. In this study, a panel of factors, including BAFF, APRIL, CD40L, TGF-β1, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, and IL-21, were employed to stimulate IgM+ B lymphocytes from porcine ileum Peyer's patches. The results showed that IL-21 significantly upregulated IgA production of B cells and facilitated cell proliferation and differentiation of antibody-secreting cells. In addition, three transcripts in porcine IgA class switch recombination (CSR), germ-line transcript α, post-switch transcript α, and circle transcript α, were first amplified by (nest-)PCR and sequenced. All these key indicators of IgA CSR were upregulated by IL-21 treatment. Furthermore, we found that IL-21 predominantly activated JAK1, STAT1, and STAT3 proteins and confirmed that the JAK-STAT signaling pathway was involved in porcine IgA CSR. Thus, IL-21 plays an important role in the proliferation and differentiation of IgA-secreting cells in porcine Peyer's patches through the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. These findings provide insights into the mucosal vaccine design by regulation of IL-21 for the prevention and control of enteric pathogens in the pig industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qingbo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Baoyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ning Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shuxian Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guangliang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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21
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Cai XY, Zhu Y, Wang C, Tang XY, Han L, Shu JL, Zhang XZ, Liang FQ, Ge JR, Xu L, Mei D, Zhang LL, Wei W. Etanercept Inhibits B Cell Differentiation by Regulating TNFRII/TRAF2/NF- κB Signaling Pathway in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:676. [PMID: 32477138 PMCID: PMC7235293 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the role of B cells in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the potential effects and mechanisms of etanercept on B cells. Methods In RA patients, the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and B cell activating factor (BAFF) were detected by ELISA. The percentage of B cell subsets was measured by flow cytometry. Laboratory indicators (rheumatoid factor, C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate) and clinical indicators (disease activity score in 28 joints, health assessment questionnaire score, swollen joint counts, tender joint counts) were measured. The correlation between B cell subsets and laboratory indicators or clinical indicators was analyzed. In mice, B cells proliferation was detected by CCK-8 kit. The expression of TNFRII and the percentage of B cell subsets in spleen were detected by flow cytometry. The expressions of TRAF2, p38, P-p38, p65, P-p65 in B cells were detected by WB. Results The percentage of CD19−CD27+CD138+ plasma B cells was positively correlated with ESR or RF. Etanercept could decrease the percentage of CD19+ total B cells, CD19+CD27+ memory B cells and CD19−CD27+CD138+ plasma B cells, reduce the levels of TNF-α, BAFF, relieve clinical and laboratory indicators in RA patients. In addition, etanercept could inhibit the proliferation of B cells, bate the differentiation of transitional B cells to mature B cells, down-regulate the expression of TNFRII, TRAF2, P-p38, P-p65 in B cells. Conclusion B cells act a key role in the pathogenesis of RA. Etanercept inhibits B cells differentiation by down-regulating TNFRII/TRAF2/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Cai
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yue Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Le Han
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jin-Ling Shu
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xian-Zheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Fa-Qin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jing-Ru Ge
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Li Xu
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Dan Mei
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ling-Ling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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22
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Makiyama A, Chiba A, Noto D, Murayama G, Yamaji K, Tamura N, Miyake S. Expanded circulating peripheral helper T cells in systemic lupus erythematosus: association with disease activity and B cell differentiation. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2020; 58:1861-1869. [PMID: 30879065 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kez077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Peripheral helper T (TPH) cells are a recently identified Th cell subset that promotes B cell differentiation and antibody production in inflamed tissues. This study investigated circulating TPH cells to determine their involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected from SLE patients and healthy individuals were analysed. TPH cells were identified as CD3+CD4+CD45RA-CXCR5- cells with a high expression of PD-1. The frequency, activation status and subsets of TPH cells were evaluated by flow cytometry. The production of IL-21 was assessed by intracellular staining and the association of TPH cells with disease activity and B cell populations was determined. RESULTS Circulating TPH cells, identified as CD3+CD4+CD45RA-PD-1highCXCR5- cells were increased in the peripheral blood of SLE patients compared with controls. Circulating TPH cells produced similar amounts of IL-21 compared with follicular Th cells. The expansion and activation of TPH cells were correlated with SLE disease activity. Activated TPH cells, particularly Th1-type TPH cells, were associated with the promotion of B cell differentiation in SLE patients. CONCLUSION The association of TPH cells with disease activity suggests the involvement of extrafollicular T-B cell interactions in the pathogenesis of SLE. TPH cells promote autoantibody production in aberrant lymphoid organs and therefore might be a novel therapeutic target in autoantibody-producing disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Makiyama
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asako Chiba
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Noto
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Goh Murayama
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Yamaji
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoto Tamura
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sachiko Miyake
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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23
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Härzschel A, Zucchetto A, Gattei V, Hartmann TN. VLA-4 Expression and Activation in B Cell Malignancies: Functional and Clinical Aspects. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2206. [PMID: 32210016 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lineage commitment and differentiation of hematopoietic cells takes place in well-defined microenvironmental surroundings. Communication with other cell types is a vital prerequisite for the normal functions of the immune system, while disturbances in this communication support the development and progression of neoplastic disease. Integrins such as the integrin very late antigen-4 (VLA-4; CD49d/CD29) control the localization of healthy as well as malignant B cells within the tissue, and thus determine the patterns of organ infiltration. Malignant B cells retain some key characteristics of their normal counterparts, with B cell receptor (BCR) signaling and integrin-mediated adhesion being essential mediators of tumor cell homing, survival and proliferation. It is thus not surprising that targeting the BCR pathway using small molecule inhibitors has proved highly effective in the treatment of B cell malignancies. Attenuation of BCR-dependent lymphoma–microenvironment interactions was, in this regard, described as a main mechanism critically contributing to the efficacy of these agents. Here, we review the contribution of VLA-4 to normal B cell differentiation on the one hand, and to the pathophysiology of B cell malignancies on the other hand. We describe its impact as a prognostic marker, its interplay with BCR signaling and its predictive role for novel BCR-targeting therapies, in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and beyond.
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24
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Bonezi V, Cataneo AHD, Branquinho MSF, Silva MBB, Gonzalez-Dias P, Pereira SS, Ferreira LCDS, Nakaya HI, Campa A, Wowk PF, Silveira ELV. Flavivirus-Mediating B Cell Differentiation Into Antibody-Secreting Cells in Humans Is Associated With the Activation of the Tryptophan Metabolism. Front Immunol 2020; 11:20. [PMID: 32117223 PMCID: PMC7026258 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients infected with the Dengue virus (DENV) often present with a massive generation of DENV-specific antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) in the blood. In some cases, these ASCs represent more than 50% of the circulating B cells, a higher magnitude than those induced by other infections, vaccinations, and plasma cell lymphomas. However, it remains unclear how the DENV infection elicits this colossal response. To address this issue, we utilised an in vitro strategy to induce human PBMCs of healthy individuals incubated with DENV particles (DENV4 TVP/360) to differentiate into ASCs. As controls, PBMCs were incubated with a mitogen cocktail or supernatants of uninfected C6/36 cells (mock). The ASC phenotype and function were increasingly detected in the DENV and mitogen-cultured PBMCs as compared to mock-treated cells. In contrast to the in vivo condition, secreted IgG derived from the PBMC-DENV culture was not DENV-specific. Lower ASC numbers were observed when inactivated viral particles or purified B cells were added to the cultures. The physical contact was essential between B cells and the remaining PBMCs for the DENV-mediated ASC response. Considering the evidence for the activation of the tryptophan metabolism detected in the serum of Dengue patients, we assessed its relevance in the DENV-mediated ASC differentiation. For this, tryptophan and its respective metabolites were quantified in the supernatants of cell cultures through mass spectrophotometry. Tryptophan depletion and kynurenine accumulation were found in the supernatants of PBMC-DENV cultures, which presented enhanced detection of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 and 2 transcripts as compared to controls. In PBMC-DENV cultures, tryptophan and kynurenine levels strongly correlated to the respective ASC numbers, while the kynurenine levels were directly proportional to the secreted IgG titers. Contrastingly, PBMCs incubated with Zika or attenuated Yellow Fever viruses showed no correlation between their kynurenine concentrations and ASC numbers. Therefore, our data revealed the existence of distinct pathways for the DENV-mediated ASC differentiation and suggest the involvement of the tryptophan metabolism in this cellular process triggered by flavivirus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Bonezi
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Allan H D Cataneo
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto Carlos Chagas (ICC/Fiocruz Paraná), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Maryana S F Branquinho
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maysa B B Silva
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia Gonzalez-Dias
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Scientific Platform Pasteur, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Samuel S Pereira
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luís C de Souza Ferreira
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helder I Nakaya
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Scientific Platform Pasteur, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Campa
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pryscilla F Wowk
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto Carlos Chagas (ICC/Fiocruz Paraná), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Eduardo L V Silveira
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Li Y, Li B, Zhou E, Fu S, Wang Y, Wu L, Lei Y, Guo Z, Ye J. CD38 play roles in T cell-dependent response and B cell differentiation in nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Dev Comp Immunol 2020; 103:103515. [PMID: 31605715 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.103515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
CD38 is a multifunctional cell surface molecule that plays a crucial role in B cell activation, differentiation, and maturation in mammals with an increased expression in B cell maturation. In this study, a CD38-like molecule (OnCD38) was cloned and identified from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), and its functional characterization was investigated. The open reading frame of OnCD38 is 828 bp of the nucleotide sequence, encoding a polypeptide of 275 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence of OnCD38 is highly homologous to other teleost fish and similar to mammals, containing extracellular, intracellular and transmembrane regions. Subcellular localization studies revealed that OnCD38 molecules were presented on the surface of B cells. Three healthy tilapia were used in each experimental group and control group. Following keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) challenge in vivo, the mRNA expression of OnCD38 was significantly up-regulated in peripheral blood, spleen, and head kidney, with an earlier up-regulation in the second challenge than the first one. The up-regulation of OnCD38 expression was also detected in head kidney leukocytes after stimulation with LPS, recombinant HomoIL-10 ((r)HomoIL-10), (r)OnIL-10, and LPS plus (r)OnIL-10 in vitro. Furthermore, the OnCD38 expression increased with the differentiation of B cells, reaching a high level (10.1 fold higher than resting mature B cells) at the plasma-like B cells. Taken together, in this study, these results indicate that the OnCD38 is likely involved in the T cell-dependent response and plays roles in B cell differentiation in Nile tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong, 510631, PR China
| | - Bingxi Li
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong, 510631, PR China
| | - Enxu Zhou
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong, 510631, PR China
| | - Shengli Fu
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong, 510631, PR China
| | - Yuhong Wang
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong, 510631, PR China
| | - Liting Wu
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong, 510631, PR China
| | - Yang Lei
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong, 510631, PR China
| | - Zheng Guo
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong, 510631, PR China
| | - Jianmin Ye
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong, 510631, PR China.
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Abstract
Gammaherpesviruses are highly prevalent pathogens that establish life-long infection and are associated with diverse malignancies, including lymphoproliferative diseases and B cell lymphomas. Unlike other viruses that either do not infect B cells or infect B cells transiently, gammaherpesviruses manipulate physiological B cell differentiation to establish life-long infection in memory B cells. Disruption of such viral manipulation by genetic or environmental causes is likely to seed viral lymphomagenesis. In this review, we discuss physiological and unique host and viral mechanisms usurped by gammaherpesviruses to fine tune host B cell biology for optimal infection establishment and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin E Johnson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Vera L Tarakanova
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.,Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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Schleimann MH, Kobberø ML, Vibholm LK, Kjær K, Giron LB, Busman-Sahay K, Chan CN, Nekorchuk M, Schmidt M, Wittig B, Damsgaard TE, Ahlburg P, Hellfritzsch MB, Zuwala K, Rothemejer FH, Olesen R, Schommers P, Klein F, Dweep H, Kossenkov A, Nyengaard JR, Estes JD, Abdel-Mohsen M, Østergaard L, Tolstrup M, Søgaard OS, Denton PW. TLR9 agonist MGN1703 enhances B cell differentiation and function in lymph nodes. EBioMedicine 2019; 45:328-340. [PMID: 31300344 PMCID: PMC6642412 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background TLR9 agonists are being developed as immunotherapy against malignancies and infections. TLR9 is primarily expressed in B cells and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). TLR9 signalling may be critically important for B cell activity in lymph nodes but little is known about the in vivo impact of TLR9 agonism on human lymph node B cells. As a pre-defined sub-study within our clinical trial investigating TLR9 agonist MGN1703 (lefitolimod) treatment in the context of developing HIV cure strategies (NCT02443935), we assessed TLR9 agonist-mediated effects in lymph nodes. Methods Participants received MGN1703 for 24 weeks concurrent with antiretroviral therapy. Seven participants completed the sub-study including lymph node resection at baseline and after 24 weeks of treatment. A variety of tissue-based immunologic and virologic parameters were assessed. Findings MGN1703 dosing increased B cell differentiation; activated pDCs, NK cells, and T cells; and induced a robust interferon response in lymph nodes. Expression of Activation-Induced cytidine Deaminase, an essential regulator of B cell diversification and somatic hypermutation, was highly elevated. During MGN1703 treatment IgG production increased and antibody glycosylation patterns were changed. Interpretation Our data present novel evidence that the TLR9 agonist MGN1703 modulates human lymph node B cells in vivo. These findings warrant further considerations in the development of TLR9 agonists as immunotherapy against cancers and infectious diseases. Fund This work was supported by Aarhus University Research Foundation, the Danish Council for Independent Research and the NovoNordisk Foundation. Mologen AG provided study drug free of charge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane H Schleimann
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
| | | | - Line K Vibholm
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Kathrine Kjær
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Leila B Giron
- Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kathleen Busman-Sahay
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Chi Ngai Chan
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Michael Nekorchuk
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - Burghardt Wittig
- Mologen AG, Berlin, Germany; MolBio2Math - Molecular Biology & Integral Biomathics, a non-profit Foundation Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tine E Damsgaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark; Department of Plastic and Breast Surgery, Plastic Surgery Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Peter Ahlburg
- Department of Anesthesiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Michel B Hellfritzsch
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark; Department of Radiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Kaja Zuwala
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | | | - Rikke Olesen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Phillipp Schommers
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Florian Klein
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Harsh Dweep
- Bioinformatics Facility, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrew Kossenkov
- Bioinformatics Facility, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jens R Nyengaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark; Core Centre for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jacob D Estes
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - Lars Østergaard
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Martin Tolstrup
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Ole S Søgaard
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Paul W Denton
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark.
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28
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Stone SL, Peel JN, Scharer CD, Risley CA, Chisolm DA, Schultz MD, Yu B, Ballesteros-Tato A, Wojciechowski W, Mousseau B, Misra RS, Hanidu A, Jiang H, Qi Z, Boss JM, Randall TD, Brodeur SR, Goldrath AW, Weinmann AS, Rosenberg AF, Lund FE. T-bet Transcription Factor Promotes Antibody-Secreting Cell Differentiation by Limiting the Inflammatory Effects of IFN-γ on B Cells. Immunity 2019; 50:1172-1187.e7. [PMID: 31076359 PMCID: PMC6929688 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Although viral infections elicit robust interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and long-lived antibody-secreting cell (ASC) responses, the roles for IFN-γ and IFN-γ-induced transcription factors (TFs) in ASC development are unclear. We showed that B cell intrinsic expression of IFN-γR and the IFN-γ-induced TF T-bet were required for T-helper 1 cell-induced differentiation of B cells into ASCs. IFN-γR signaling induced Blimp1 expression in B cells but also initiated an inflammatory gene program that, if not restrained, prevented ASC formation. T-bet did not affect Blimp1 upregulation in IFN-γ-activated B cells but instead regulated chromatin accessibility within the Ifng and Ifngr2 loci and repressed the IFN-γ-induced inflammatory gene program. Consistent with this, B cell intrinsic T-bet was required for formation of long-lived ASCs and secondary ASCs following viral, but not nematode, infection. Therefore, T-bet facilitates differentiation of IFN-γ-activated inflammatory effector B cells into ASCs in the setting of IFN-γ-, but not IL-4-, induced inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara L Stone
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jessica N Peel
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | | | - Christopher A Risley
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Danielle A Chisolm
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Michael D Schultz
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Bingfei Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | - Wojciech Wojciechowski
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Betty Mousseau
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Ravi S Misra
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Adedayo Hanidu
- Boerhinger Ingelheim Pharmaceutical Inc., Ridgefield, CT 06877, USA
| | - Huiping Jiang
- Boerhinger Ingelheim Pharmaceutical Inc., Ridgefield, CT 06877, USA
| | - Zhenhao Qi
- Boerhinger Ingelheim Pharmaceutical Inc., Ridgefield, CT 06877, USA
| | - Jeremy M Boss
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Troy D Randall
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Scott R Brodeur
- Boerhinger Ingelheim Pharmaceutical Inc., Ridgefield, CT 06877, USA
| | - Ananda W Goldrath
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Amy S Weinmann
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Alexander F Rosenberg
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Informatics Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Frances E Lund
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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29
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Zhang M, Yao C, Cai J, Liu S, Liu XN, Chen Y, Wang S, Ji P, Pan M, Kang Z, Wang Y. LRRK2 is involved in the pathogenesis of system lupus erythematosus through promoting pathogenic antibody production. J Transl Med 2019; 17:37. [PMID: 30670047 PMCID: PMC6343316 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-1786-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a prototypic autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of pathogenic autoantibodies associated with polyclonal B cell hyperreactivity. Previous study reported that autophagy-related gene Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) was likely a susceptible gene for SLE. However, the pathogenic function of LRRK2 in SLE is undefined. Methods Using quantitative PCR, we compared the expression levels of LRRK2 in B cells between SLE patients and healthy controls. The expression levels of LRRK2 in in vitro induced CD19hi B cells and naïve B cells were compared as well based on RNA-seq assay. A pristane-induced lupus-like mouse model was used to explore the effects of LRRK2 on the development of SLE. IgG level, B cell subsets in the spleens and bone marrows and pathological features in the kidneys were compared between wildtype (WT) and Lrrk2−/− littermates. Results It was obvious that LRRK2 expression was dramatically up-regulated in primary B cells from SLE patients compared to those from healthy controls, as well as in activated CD19hi B cells. More significantly, LRRK2 expression in B cells was positively correlated with system lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI), an indicator for disease severity, and serum IgG levels in SLE patients. Negative correlations were observed between LRRK2 expression and serum C3 or C4 levels, two clinical features associated with SLE-related nephritis. LRRK2 deficiency reduced the death rate of pristane treated mice. Decreased levels of total IgG and autoantibody were detected in the serum with less deposition of immune complexes and attenuated pathological symptoms in the kidneys of Lrrk2−/− mice. Consistent with the reduction in IgG production, the percentages of germinal center B cells and plasma cells decreased significantly as well with LRRK2 deficiency. Conclusions Our study demonstrates that LRRK2 expression is upregulated in B cells from SLE patients with strong correlations to disease severity. LRRK2 deficiency largely attenuates the pathogenic progress of lupus-like features in pristane-induced mice. This is probably achieved through affecting B cell terminal differentiation and subsequent immunoglobulin production. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12967-019-1786-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyu Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Chengcheng Yao
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jun Cai
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xia-Nan Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yingying Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Shujun Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ping Ji
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Meng Pan
- Department of Dermatology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Zizhen Kang
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA. .,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
| | - Ying Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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30
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Abstract
B-cell development is characterized by a number of tightly regulated selection processes. Signals through the B-cell receptor (BCR) guide and are required for B-cell maturation, survival, and fate decision. Here, we review the role of the BCR during B-cell development, leading to the emergence of B1, marginal zone, and peripheral follicular B cells. Furthermore, we discuss BCR-derived signals on activated B cells that lead to germinal center and plasma cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Yam-Puc
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Yang Zhang
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Kai-Michael Toellner
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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31
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Abstract
Hematopoiesis is regulated by signals from the microenvironment, transcription factor networks, and changes of the epigenetic landscape. Transcription factors interact with and shape chromatin to allow for lineage- and cell type-specific changes in gene expression. During B lymphopoiesis, epigenetic regulation is observed in multilineage progenitors in which a specific chromatin context is established, at the onset of the B cell differentiation when early B cell factor 1 (EBF1) induces lineage-specific changes in chromatin, during V(D)J recombination and after antigen-driven activation of B cells and terminal differentiation. In this review, we discuss the epigenetic changes underlying B cell differentiation, focusing on the role of transcription factor EBF1 in B cell lineage priming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sören Boller
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rudolf Grosschedl
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany.
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32
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Abstract
FOX O family transcription factors are important for differentiation and function of multiple cell types. In B lymphocytes they play a critical role. The activity of FOXOs is directly regulated both by signaling from B cell receptor (BCR) and cytokine receptors. FOXO1 action controls the transition between differentiation stages of B cell development. In comparison to other FOXO family members, FOXO1 plays a superior role in the regulation of early stages of B-cell differentiation. Although being known as a negative regulator of cell proliferation and therefore potential tumor suppressor, FOXO1 is downregulated only in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) subtypes. In non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) entities its expression is maintained at significant levels, raising the question on the role of FOXO-transcription factors in the proliferation and survival programs in the process of B cell differentiation as well as their contribution to the oncogenic programs of B-cell lymphomas. In particular, we discuss molecular mechanisms that might determine the switch between pro-apoptotic and pro-survival effects of FOXO1 and their interplay with specific differentiation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Ushmorov
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Wirth
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
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33
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Chiu H, Mallya S, Nguyen P, Mai A, Jackson LV, Winkler DG, DiNitto JP, Brophy EE, McGovern K, Kutok JL, Fruman DA. The Selective Phosphoinoside-3-Kinase p110δ Inhibitor IPI-3063 Potently Suppresses B Cell Survival, Proliferation, and Differentiation. Front Immunol 2017; 8:747. [PMID: 28713374 PMCID: PMC5491903 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The class I phosphoinoside-3-kinases (PI3Ks) are important enzymes that relay signals from cell surface receptors to downstream mediators driving cellular functions. Elevated PI3K signaling is found in B cell malignancies and lymphocytes of patients with autoimmune disease. The p110δ catalytic isoform of PI3K is a rational target since it is critical for B lymphocyte development, survival, activation, and differentiation. In addition, activating mutations in PIK3CD encoding p110δ cause a human immunodeficiency known as activated PI3K delta syndrome. Currently, idelalisib is the only selective p110δ inhibitor that has been FDA approved to treat certain B cell malignancies. p110δ inhibitors can suppress autoantibody production in mouse models, but limited clinical trials in human autoimmunity have been performed with PI3K inhibitors to date. Thus, there is a need for additional tools to understand the effect of pharmacological inhibition of PI3K isoforms in lymphocytes. In this study, we tested the effects of a potent and selective p110δ inhibitor, IPI-3063, in assays of B cell function. We found that IPI-3063 potently reduced mouse B cell proliferation, survival, and plasmablast differentiation while increasing antibody class switching to IgG1, almost to the same degree as a pan-PI3K inhibitor. Similarly, IPI-3063 potently inhibited human B cell proliferation in vitro. The p110γ isoform has partially overlapping roles with p110δ in B cell development, but little is known about its role in B cell function. We found that the p110γ inhibitor AS-252424 had no significant impact on B cell responses. A novel dual p110δ/γ inhibitor, IPI-443, had comparable effects to p110δ inhibition alone. These findings show that p110δ is the dominant isoform mediating B cell responses and establish that IPI-3063 is a highly potent molecule useful for studying p110δ function in immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honyin Chiu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Sharmila Mallya
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Phuongthao Nguyen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Annie Mai
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Leandra V Jackson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - David G Winkler
- Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
| | | | - Erin E Brophy
- Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Karen McGovern
- Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Jeffery L Kutok
- Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - David A Fruman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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34
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Nguyen CB, Alsøe L, Lindvall JM, Sulheim D, Fagermoen E, Winger A, Kaarbø M, Nilsen H, Wyller VB. Whole blood gene expression in adolescent chronic fatigue syndrome: an exploratory cross-sectional study suggesting altered B cell differentiation and survival. J Transl Med 2017; 15:102. [PMID: 28494812 PMCID: PMC5426002 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-017-1201-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a prevalent and disabling condition affecting adolescents. The pathophysiology is poorly understood, but immune alterations might be an important component. This study compared whole blood gene expression in adolescent CFS patients and healthy controls, and explored associations between gene expression and neuroendocrine markers, immune markers and clinical markers within the CFS group. Methods CFS patients (12–18 years old) were recruited nation-wide to a single referral center as part of the NorCAPITAL project. A broad case definition of CFS was applied, requiring 3 months of unexplained, disabling chronic/relapsing fatigue of new onset, whereas no accompanying symptoms were necessary. Healthy controls having comparable distribution of gender and age were recruited from local schools. Whole blood samples were subjected to RNA sequencing. Immune markers were blood leukocyte counts, plasma cytokines, serum C-reactive protein and immunoglobulins. Neuroendocrine markers encompassed plasma and urine levels of catecholamines and cortisol, as well as heart rate variability indices. Clinical markers consisted of questionnaire scores for symptoms of post-exertional malaise, inflammation, fatigue, depression and trait anxiety, as well as activity recordings. Results A total of 29 CFS patients and 18 healthy controls were included. We identified 176 genes as differentially expressed in patients compared to controls, adjusting for age and gender factors. Gene set enrichment analyses suggested impairment of B cell differentiation and survival, as well as enhancement of innate antiviral responses and inflammation in the CFS group. A pattern of co-expression could be identified, and this pattern, as well as single gene transcripts, was significantly associated with indices of autonomic nervous activity, plasma cortisol, and blood monocyte and eosinophil counts. Also, an association with symptoms of post-exertional malaise was demonstrated. Conclusion Adolescent CFS is characterized by differential gene expression pattern in whole blood suggestive of impaired B cell differentiation and survival, and enhanced innate antiviral responses and inflammation. This expression pattern is associated with neuroendocrine markers of altered HPA axis and autonomic nervous activity, and with symptoms of post-exertional malaise. Trial registration Clinical Trials NCT01040429 Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-017-1201-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinh Bkrong Nguyen
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Health, Akershus University Hospital, 1478, Lørenskog, Norway.,Division of Medicine and Laboratory Sciences, Medical Faculty, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lene Alsøe
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo, and Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Jessica M Lindvall
- National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden (NBIS), Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dag Sulheim
- Department of Paediatrics, Lillehammer County Hospital, Lillehammer, Norway
| | - Even Fagermoen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anette Winger
- Institute of Nursing Sciences, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mari Kaarbø
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hilde Nilsen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo, and Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Vegard Bruun Wyller
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Health, Akershus University Hospital, 1478, Lørenskog, Norway. .,Division of Medicine and Laboratory Sciences, Medical Faculty, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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35
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de Leur K, Dor FJMF, Dieterich M, van der Laan LJW, Hendriks RW, Baan CC. IL-21 Receptor Antagonist Inhibits Differentiation of B Cells toward Plasmablasts upon Alloantigen Stimulation. Front Immunol 2017; 8:306. [PMID: 28373876 PMCID: PMC5357809 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Interaction between T follicular helper (Tfh) cells and B cells is complex and involves various pathways, including the production of IL-21 by the Tfh cells. Secretion of IL-21 results in B cell differentiation toward immunoglobulin-producing plasmablasts. In patients after kidney transplantation, the formation of alloantibodies produced by donor antigen-activated B cells are a major cause of organ failure. In this allogeneic response, the role of IL-21-producing Tfh cells that regulate B cell differentiation is unknown. Here, we tested, in an alloantigen-driven setting, whether Tfh cell help signals control B cell differentiation with its dependency on IL-21. Pre-transplantation patient PBMCs were sorted into pure CD4posCXCR5pos Tfh cells and CD19posCD27pos memory B cells and stimulated with donor antigen in the presence or absence of an IL-21 receptor (IL-21R) antagonist (αIL-21R). Donor antigen stimulation initiated expression of the activation markers inducible co-stimulator (ICOS) and programmed death 1 (PD-1) on Tfh cells and a shift toward a mixed Tfh2 and Tfh17 phenotype. The memory B cells underwent class switch recombination and differentiated toward IgM- and IgG-producing plasmablasts. In the presence of αIL-21R, a dose-dependent inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation was measured in both T and B cells. Blockade of the IL-21R did not have an effect on PD-1 and ICOS expression on Tfh cells but significantly inhibited B cell differentiation. The proportion of plasmablasts decreased by 78% in the presence of αIL-21R. Moreover, secreted IgM and IgG2 levels were significantly lower in the presence of αIL-21R. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that IL-21 produced by alloantigen-activated Tfh cells controls B cell differentiation toward antibody producing plasmablasts. The IL-21R might, therefore, be a useful target in organ transplantation to prevent antigen-driven immune responses leading to graft failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitty de Leur
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Division of HPB and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Frank J M F Dor
- Division of HPB and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center , Rotterdam , Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Dieterich
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center , Rotterdam , Netherlands
| | - Luc J W van der Laan
- Division of HPB and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center , Rotterdam , Netherlands
| | - Rudi W Hendriks
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center , Rotterdam , Netherlands
| | - Carla C Baan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center , Rotterdam , Netherlands
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36
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Imoto N, Hayakawa F, Kurahashi S, Morishita T, Kojima Y, Yasuda T, Sugimoto K, Tsuzuki S, Naoe T, Kiyoi H. B Cell Linker Protein (BLNK) Is a Selective Target of Repression by PAX5-PML Protein in the Differentiation Block That Leads to the Development of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:4723-31. [PMID: 26703467 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.637835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
PAX5 is a transcription factor that is required for the development and maintenance of B cells. Promyelocytic leukemia (PML) is a tumor suppressor and proapoptotic factor. The fusion gene PAX5-PML has been identified in acute lymphoblastic leukemia with chromosomal translocation t(9;15)(p13;q24). We have reported previously that PAX5-PML dominant-negatively inhibited PAX5 transcriptional activity and impaired PML function by disrupting PML nuclear bodies (NBs). Here we demonstrated the leukemogenicity of PAX5-PML by introducing it into normal mouse pro-B cells. Arrest of differentiation was observed in PAX5-PML-introduced pro-B cells, resulting in the development of acute lymphoblastic leukemia after a long latency in mice. Among the transactivation targets of PAX5, B cell linker protein (BLNK) was repressed selectively in leukemia cells, and enforced BLNK expression abrogated the differentiation block and survival induced by PAX5-PML, indicating the importance of BLNK repression for the formation of preleukemic state. We also showed that PML NBs were intact in leukemia cells and attributed this to the low expression of PAX5-PML, indicating that the disruption of PML NBs was not required for the PAX5-PML-induced onset of leukemia. These results provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the onset of leukemia by PAX5 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Imoto
- From the Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Hayakawa
- From the Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan,
| | - Shingo Kurahashi
- the Division of Hematology and Oncology, Toyohashi Municipal Hospital, Toyohashi, 441-8570, Japan
| | - Takanobu Morishita
- From the Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yuki Kojima
- From the Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Takahiko Yasuda
- the Department of Cellular Signaling, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 113-8654, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiki Sugimoto
- the Fujii Memorial Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Otsu, 520-0106, Japan
| | - Shinobu Tsuzuki
- the Division of Molecular Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, 464-8681, Japan, and
| | - Tomoki Naoe
- the National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, 460-0001, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kiyoi
- From the Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
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37
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Smith SM, Carew NT, Milcarek C. RNA polymerases in plasma cells trav-ELL2 the beat of a different drum. World J Immunol 2015; 5:99-112. [DOI: 10.5411/wji.v5.i3.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a major transformation in gene expression between mature B cells (including follicular, marginal zone, and germinal center cells) and antibody secreting cells (ASCs), i.e., ASCs, (including plasma blasts, splenic plasma cells, and long-lived bone marrow plasma cells). This significant change-over occurs to accommodate the massive amount of secretory-specific immunoglobulin that ASCs make and the export processes itself. It is well known that there is an up-regulation of a small number of ASC-specific transcription factors Prdm1 (B-lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1), interferon regulatory factor 4, and Xbp1, and the reciprocal down-regulation of Pax5, Bcl6 and Bach2, which maintain the B cell program. Less well appreciated are the major alterations in transcription elongation and RNA processing occurring between B cells and ASCs. The three ELL family members ELL1, 2 and 3 have different protein sequences and potentially distinct cellular roles in transcription elongation. ELL1 is involved in DNA repair and small RNAs while ELL3 was previously described as either testis or stem-cell specific. After B cell stimulation to ASCs, ELL3 levels fall precipitously while ELL1 falls off slightly. ELL2 is induced at least 10-fold in ASCs relative to B cells. All of these changes cause the RNA Polymerase II in ASCs to acquire different properties, leading to differences in RNA processing and histone modifications.
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38
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Nicholson L, Evans CA, Matheson E, Minto L, Keilty C, Sanichar M, Case M, Schwab C, Williamson D, Rainer J, Harrison CJ, Kofler R, Hall AG, Redfern CPF, Whetton AD, Irving JAE. Quantitative proteomic analysis reveals maturation as a mechanism underlying glucocorticoid resistance in B lineage ALL and re-sensitization by JNK inhibition. Br J Haematol 2015; 171:595-605. [PMID: 26310606 PMCID: PMC4833193 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.13647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid (GC) resistance is a continuing clinical problem in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. A proteomic approach was used to compare profiles of the B-lineage ALL GC-sensitive cell line, PreB 697, and its GC-resistant sub-line, R3F9, pre- and post-dexamethasone exposure. PAX5, a transcription factor critical to B-cell development was differentially regulated in the PreB 697 compared to the R3F9 cell line in response to GC. PAX5 basal protein expression was less in R3F9 compared to its GC-sensitive parent and confirmed to be lower in other GC-resistant sub-lines of Pre B 697 and was associated with a decreased expression of the PAX5 transcriptional target, CD19. Gene set enrichment analysis showed that increasing GC-resistance was associated with differentiation from preB-II to an immature B-lymphocyte stage. GC-resistant sub-lines were shown to have higher levels of phosphorylated JNK compared to the parent line and JNK inhibition caused re-sensitization to GC. Exploiting this maturation may be key to overcoming GC resistance and targeting signalling pathways linked to the maturation state, such as JNK, may be a novel approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Nicholson
- Newcastle Cancer Centre at the Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Caroline A Evans
- Stem Cell and Leukaemia Proteomics Laboratory, School of Cancer and Enabling Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Elizabeth Matheson
- Newcastle Cancer Centre at the Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Lynne Minto
- Newcastle Cancer Centre at the Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Christopher Keilty
- Newcastle Cancer Centre at the Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Maryna Sanichar
- Newcastle Cancer Centre at the Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Marian Case
- Newcastle Cancer Centre at the Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Claire Schwab
- Newcastle Cancer Centre at the Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Daniel Williamson
- Newcastle Cancer Centre at the Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Christine J Harrison
- Newcastle Cancer Centre at the Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Andrew G Hall
- Newcastle Cancer Centre at the Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Christopher P F Redfern
- Newcastle Cancer Centre at the Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Anthony D Whetton
- Stem Cell and Leukaemia Proteomics Laboratory, School of Cancer and Enabling Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Julie A E Irving
- Newcastle Cancer Centre at the Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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39
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Tallmadge RL, Shen L, Tseng CT, Miller SC, Barry J, Felippe MJB. Bone marrow transcriptome and epigenome profiles of equine common variable immunodeficiency patients unveil block of B lymphocyte differentiation. Clin Immunol 2015; 160:261-76. [PMID: 25988861 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a late-onset humoral deficiency characterized by B lymphocyte dysfunction or loss, decreased immunoglobulin production, and recurrent bacterial infections. CVID is the most frequent human primary immunodeficiency but still presents challenges in the understanding of its etiology and treatment. CVID in equine patients manifests with a natural impairment of B lymphocyte differentiation, and is a unique model to identify genetic and epigenetic mechanisms of disease. Bone marrow transcriptome analyses revealed decreased expression of genes indicative of the pro-B cell differentiation stage, importantly PAX5 (p≤0.023). We hypothesized that aberrant epigenetic regulation caused PAX5 gene silencing, resulting in the late-onset and non-familial manifestation of CVID. A significant increase in PAX5 enhancer region methylation was identified in equine CVID patients by genome-wide reduced-representation bisulfite sequencing and bisulfite PCR sequencing (p=0.000). Thus, we demonstrate that integrating transcriptomics and epigenetics in CVID enlightens potential mechanisms of dysfunctional B lymphopoiesis or function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Tallmadge
- Equine Immunology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Lishuang Shen
- Cornell Mammalian Cell Reprogramming Core, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Chia T Tseng
- Equine Immunology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Steven C Miller
- Equine Immunology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Jay Barry
- Cornell Statistical Consulting Unit, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - M Julia B Felippe
- Equine Immunology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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Abstract
The diversity of the human antibody repertoire that is generated by V(D)J gene rearrangement is extended by nine constant region genes that give antibodies their complex array of effector functions. The application of high throughput sequencing to the study of V(D)J gene rearrangements has led to significant recent advances in our understanding of the antigen-binding repertoire. In contrast, our understanding of antibody function has changed little, and mystery still surrounds the existence of four distinctive IgG subclasses. Recent observations from murine models and from human studies of VDJ somatic point mutations suggest that the timing of emergence of cells from the germinal center may vary as a consequence of class switching. This should lead to predictable differences in affinity between isotypes. These differences, and varying abilities of the isotypes to fix complement and bind FcRs, could help coordinate the humoral defenses over the time course of a response. We therefore propose a Temporal Model of human IgE and IgG function in which early emergence of IgE sensitizes sentinel mast cells while switching to IgG3 recruits FcγR-mediated functions to the early response. IgG1 then emerges as the major effector of antigen clearance, and subsequently IgG2 competes with IgG1 to produce immune complexes that slow the inflammatory drive. Persisting antigen may finally stimulate high affinity IgG4 that outcompetes other isotypes and can terminate IgG1/FcγR-mediated activation via the inhibitory FcγRIIB. In this way, IgG antibodies of different subclasses, at different concentrations and with sometimes opposing functions deliver cohesive, protective immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Collins
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales , Sydney, NSW , Australia
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