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Queffélec C, Pati PB, Pellegrin Y. Fifty Shades of Phenanthroline: Synthesis Strategies to Functionalize 1,10-Phenanthroline in All Positions. Chem Rev 2024; 124:6700-6902. [PMID: 38747613 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
1,10-Phenanthroline (phen) is one of the most popular ligands ever used in coordination chemistry due to its strong affinity for a wide range of metals with various oxidation states. Its polyaromatic structure provides robustness and rigidity, leading to intriguing features in numerous fields (luminescent coordination scaffolds, catalysis, supramolecular chemistry, sensors, theranostics, etc.). Importantly, phen offers eight distinct positions for functional groups to be attached, showcasing remarkable versatility for such a simple ligand. As a result, phen has become a landmark molecule for coordination chemists, serving as a must-use ligand and a versatile platform for designing polyfunctional arrays. The extensive use of substituted phenanthroline ligands with different metal ions has resulted in a diverse array of complexes tailored for numerous applications. For instance, these complexes have been utilized as sensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells, as luminescent probes modified with antibodies for biomaterials, and in the creation of elegant supramolecular architectures like rotaxanes and catenanes, exemplified by Sauvage's Nobel Prize-winning work in 2016. In summary, phen has found applications in almost every facet of chemistry. An intriguing aspect of phen is the specific reactivity of each pair of carbon atoms ([2,9], [3,8], [4,7], and [5,6]), enabling the functionalization of each pair with different groups and leading to polyfunctional arrays. Furthermore, it is possible to differentiate each position in these pairs, resulting in non-symmetrical systems with tremendous versatility. In this Review, the authors aim to compile and categorize existing synthetic strategies for the stepwise polyfunctionalization of phen in various positions. This comprehensive toolbox will aid coordination chemists in designing virtually any polyfunctional ligand. The survey will encompass seminal work from the 1950s to the present day. The scope of the Review will be limited to 1,10-phenanthroline, excluding ligands with more intracyclic heteroatoms or fused aromatic cycles. Overall, the primary goal of this Review is to highlight both old and recent synthetic strategies that find applicability in the mentioned applications. By doing so, the authors hope to establish a first reference for phenanthroline synthesis, covering all possible positions on the backbone, and hope to inspire all concerned chemists to devise new strategies that have not yet been explored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yann Pellegrin
- Nantes Université, CEISAM UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
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2
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Kirse TM, Maisuls I, Cappellari MV, Niehaves E, Kösters J, Hepp A, Karst U, Wolcan E, Strassert CA. Neutral and Cationic Re(I) Complexes with Pnictogen-Based Coligands and Tunable Functionality: From Phosphorescence to Photoinduced CO Release. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:4132-4151. [PMID: 38382545 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we have explored Re(I) complexes featuring triphenylpnictogen (PnPh3, Pn = P, As, or Sb)-based coligands and bidentate (neutral or monoanionic) luminophores derived from 1,10-phenantroline (phen), as well as from 2-(3-(tert-butyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)pyridine (H(N-tBu)). The effect of the increasingly heavy elements on the structural parameters, photoexcited-state properties, and electrochemical behavior as well as the hybridization defects and polarization of the Pn atoms was related to the charges of the main luminophores (i.e., phen vs N-tBu) and explored in terms of photoluminescence spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, and quantum-chemical methods. Therefore, an in-depth analysis of the bonding, crystal packing, excited-state energies, and lifetimes was assessed in liquid solutions, frozen glassy matrices, and crystalline phases along with a semiquantitative photoactivation study. Notably, by changing the main ligand from phen to N-tBu, an increase in radiative and radiationless deactivation rates (kr and knr, respectively) at 77 K together with a faster photoinduced CO release and fragmentation at room temperature was detected. In addition, a progressively red-shifted phosphorescence was observed with the growing atomic number of the pnictogen atom, along with a boost in kr and knr at 77 K. Down the Vth main group and upon coordination of the Pn atom to the Re(I) center, an increasingly prominent jump of s-orbital participation on the binding sxp3.00-orbitals of the Pn atoms is evidenced. Based on these findings, the ability of these complexes to act as tunable photoluminescent labels able to perform as light-driven CO-releasing molecules is envisioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Kirse
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
- CiMiC, SoN and CeNTech, Universität Münster, Heisenbergstr. 11, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Iván Maisuls
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
- CiMiC, SoN and CeNTech, Universität Münster, Heisenbergstr. 11, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - María Victoria Cappellari
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
- CiMiC, SoN and CeNTech, Universität Münster, Heisenbergstr. 11, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Erik Niehaves
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jutta Kösters
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Uwe Karst
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ezequiel Wolcan
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA, UNLP, CCT La Plata-CONICET), Diagonal 113 and 64, Sucursal 4, Casilla de Correo 16, La Plata B1906, Argentina
| | - Cristian A Strassert
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
- CiMiC, SoN and CeNTech, Universität Münster, Heisenbergstr. 11, 48149 Münster, Germany
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3
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Palion-Gazda J, Choroba K, Penkala M, Rawicka P, Machura B. Further Insights into the Impact of Ligand-Localized Excited States on the Photophysics of Phenanthroline-Based Rhenium(I) Tricarbonyl Complexes. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:1356-1366. [PMID: 38155540 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
The present work shows the pivotal role of N-donor substituents attached to 1,10-phenanthroline at the 4,7-positions in perturbation of ground- and excited-state properties of fac-[ReCl(CO)3(R2phen)]. Excited-state processes occurring upon photoexcitation in the designed systems were thoroughly explored with a wide range of steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopic techniques, including transient absorption, as well as experimental results were complemented by theoretical studies based on the density functional theory (DFT). It was demonstrated that the attachment of six-membered heterocyclic amines (piperidine─ppr, morpholine─mor, and thiomorpholine─tmor) is a very effective tool for extending absorptivity and excited-state lifetimes of resulting fac-[ReCl(CO)3(R2phen)] due to the contribution of the excited state localized on the phenanthroline-based ligand. Both absorption and emission properties of these systems were attributed to configurationally mixed MLCT/IL excited states. Re(I) complexes with phenoxazine (pxz) and phenothiazine (ptz) substituents were shown to possess charge-separated excited states, clearly evidenced by the simultaneous presence of signals typical of phen-* and pxz+* or ptz+* in transient absorption spectra. Both complexes are rare examples of NIR light-emitting coordination compounds. The decoration of the phen framework with less polar 9,9-dimethyl-9,10-dihydroacridine (dmac) groups resulted in the formation of [ReCl(CO)3(R2phen)] with mixed 3MLCT/3ILCT triplet excited state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Palion-Gazda
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Choroba
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Mateusz Penkala
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Patrycja Rawicka
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Barbara Machura
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
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4
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Su Z, Luo Y, Shi J, Feng J, Li X, Zhang J, Su C. Manipulating the Reaction Pathway of CO 2 Photoreduction via the Microenvironment of a Re Molecular Catalyst. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:3208-3215. [PMID: 36971470 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Re molecular complexes incorporated into two metal-organic frameworks were investigated to disclose the host-guest interaction by infrared and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance and to explore the microenvironment around the Re complex by absorption and photoluminescence spectra. ZIF-8 provides a confined space to isolated Re via an electrostatic interaction, while UiO-66 exerts a relaxed space to accessible Re via a coordination interaction. For CO2 two-electron photoreduction to CO, the turnover number of 28.6 in Re@ZIF-8 is 10-fold that of 2.7 in Re@UiO-66. The electron transfer is promoted in Re@ZIF-8 by a local electrostatic field with a cross-space pathway, whereas it is retarded in Re@UiO-66 as the solvation shell surrounding Re. In the following CO2 activation, the charged intermediate species could be stabilized in Re@ZIF-8 by spatial confinement, while Re-triethanolamine adducts prevailed in Re@UiO-66 with the accessibility of the Re complex. This work demonstrates a feasibility of diverting the CO2 activation pathway by the microenvironment of a molecular catalyst in the field of artificial photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifang Su
- School of Chemistry, Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Yucheng Luo
- School of Chemistry, Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianying Shi
- School of Chemistry, Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxin Feng
- School of Chemistry, Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Li
- School of Chemistry, Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinzhong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Chengyong Su
- School of Chemistry, Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, People's Republic of China
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5
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Maisuls I, Kirse TM, Hepp A, Kösters J, Wolcan E, Strassert CA. Rhenium(I) Complexes with Neutral Monodentate Coligands and Monoanionic 2-(1,2,4-Triazol-5-yl)pyridine-Based Chelators as Bidentate Luminophores with Tunable Color and Photosensitized Generation of 1O 2: An Integrated Case Study Involving Photophysics and Theory. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:13775-13791. [PMID: 35998339 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we describe the synthesis as well as structural, photophysical, and theoretical investigation of a new coordination chemical concept involving rhenium(I) complexes bearing monoanionic 1,2,4-triazolylpyridine-based bidentate chromophores. The X-ray diffractometric analysis of single crystals revealed particular packing features: the trifluoromethylated exemplar displayed two kinds of arrangements of the coordination centers, where the bidentate ligands at the edges of the unit cell are staggered parallel to each other, whereas those inside show antiparallel stacking with respect to the external ligands. On the other hand, the complexes bearing an adamantyl substituent yield a linear arrangement, where the bulky moiety of one luminophore points to the pyridine center of the adjacent ligand of the neighboring complex while including methanol molecules hydrogen-bonded to the triazolato unit. We observed that the photophysical properties of the complexes (photoexcited-state lifetimes, photoluminescence maxima and quantum yields) can be adjusted by tuning of the substitution pattern at the bidentate luminophore as well as by variation of the monodentate coligand. The photoluminescence spectra and photoexcited-state lifetimes of the crystalline phases were measured by phosphorescence lifetime micro(spectro)scopy. Interestingly, the vibrationally resolved emission spectra of the crystals closely resemble those of diluted frozen glassy matrixes at 77 K, in contrast with the broad bands observed in amorphous solids and in fluid solutions, where the charge-transfer character is enhanced. While the photoluminescence quantum yields (ΦL) reach up to 15%, the complexes are able to attain up to 55% efficiency regarding the photosensitization of 1O2 (ΦΔ), depending on the combination of luminophore and coligand. Theoretical calculations showed that the photoexcited triplet (T1) state has a metal-ligand-to-ligand charge-transfer character, where promotion to the excited electronic configuration shortens the Re(I)-N bond involving the bidentate triazolylpyridine while stretching the three fac-CO-Re(I) bonds as well as the linkage to the axial monodentate coligand. The calculated vertical (Evl) and 0-0 (E(0-0)) radiative transition energies are in very good agreement with the experimental values (Eexplum).
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Maisuls
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, Münster D-48149, Germany.,CeNTech, CiMIC, SoN, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Heisenbergstraße 11, Münster D-48149, Germany
| | - Thomas M Kirse
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, Münster D-48149, Germany.,CeNTech, CiMIC, SoN, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Heisenbergstraße 11, Münster D-48149, Germany
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, Münster D-48149, Germany
| | - Jutta Kösters
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, Münster D-48149, Germany
| | - Ezequiel Wolcan
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA, UNLP, CCT La Plata-CONICET), Diagonal 113 and 64, Sucursal 4, Casilla de Correo 16, La Plata B1906, Argentina
| | - Cristian A Strassert
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, Münster D-48149, Germany.,CeNTech, CiMIC, SoN, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Heisenbergstraße 11, Münster D-48149, Germany
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6
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Photophysical properties of a β-Carboline Rhenium (I) complex. Solvent effects on excited states and their redox reactivity. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2021.100078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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7
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Singh B, Pani B, Gupta D. Multiple phenyl ring appended Re-based complexes for strong visible light absorption and DNA binding. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:15558-15566. [PMID: 34668005 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02216d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of facial-Re(CO)3-based acyclic complexes (1-3) possessing N∩O bis-chelating ligands and a triphenylphosphine oxide donor was synthesized and characterized. The most interesting structural feature of these complexes is that both the coordinated ligands are functionalized with external phenyl rings. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis confirms that each molecule demonstrates a variety of intermolecular supramolecular interactions via the external phenyl rings. All the complexes displayed strong absorption (ε = 14 000-40 000 M-1 cm-1) over wide visible region (400-600 nm). Due to the interesting structural and photophysical properties of the complexes, a satisfactory DNA binding ability was observed. The binding of the complexes with DNA grooves was confirmed by a significant increase in the absorption intensities of the complexes in the visible region, absorption enhancement of DNA and circular dichroism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bholey Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Bhaskaracharya College of Applied Sciences (University of Delhi), Sector-2, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110075, India.
| | - Balaram Pani
- Department of Chemistry, Bhaskaracharya College of Applied Sciences (University of Delhi), Sector-2, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110075, India.
| | - Deepak Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Bhaskaracharya College of Applied Sciences (University of Delhi), Sector-2, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110075, India.
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8
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Qiu LQ, Chen KH, Yang ZW, Ren FY, He LN. Prolonging the Triplet State Lifetimes of Rhenium Complexes with Imidazole-Pyridine Framework for Efficient CO 2 Photoreduction. Chemistry 2021; 27:15536-15544. [PMID: 34431546 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The photocatalytic reduction of CO2 into fuels offers the prospect for creating a new CO2 economy. Harnessing visible light-driven CO2 -to-CO reduction mediated by the long-lived triplet excited state of rhenium(I) tricarbonyl complexes is a challenging approach. We here develop a series of new mononuclear rhenium(I) tricarbonyl complexes (Re-1-Re-4) based on the imidazole-pyridine skeleton for photo-driven CO2 reduction. These catalysts are featured by combining pyridyl-imidazole with the aromatic ring and different pendant organic groups onto the N1 position of 1,3-imidazole unit, which display phosphorescence under Ar-saturated solution even at ambient conditions. By contrast, {Re[9-(pyren-1-yl)-10-(pyridin-2-yl)-9H-pyreno[4,5-d]imidazole)](CO)3 Cl} (Re-4) by introducing pyrene ring at the N1 position of pyrene-fused imidazole unit exhibits superior catalytic performance with a higher turnover number for CO (TONCO =124) and >99.9 % selectivity, primarily ascribed to the strong visible light-harvesting ability, long-lived triplet lifetimes (164.2 μs) and large reductive quenching constant. Moreover, the rhenium(I) tricarbonyl complexes derived from π-extended pyrene chromophore exhibit a long lifetime corresponding to its ligand-localized triplet state (3 IL) evidenced from spectroscopic investigations and DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Qi Qiu
- Department State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Kai-Hong Chen
- Department State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Wen Yang
- Department State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Fang-Yu Ren
- Department State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Liang-Nian He
- Department State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
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9
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Haque A, Al-Balushi R, Al-Busaidi IJ, Al-Rasbi NK, Al-Bahri S, Al-Suti MK, Khan MS, Abou-Zied OK, Skelton JM, Raithby PR. Two Is Better than One? Investigating the Effect of Incorporating Re(CO) 3Cl Side Chains into Pt(II) Diynes and Polyynes. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:745-759. [PMID: 33382607 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Pt(II) diynes and polyynes incorporating 5,5'- and 6,6'-disubstituted 2,2'-bipyridines were prepared following conventional Sonogashira and Hagihara dehydrohalogenation reaction protocols. Using Pt(II) dimers and polymers as a rigid-rod backbone, four new heterobimetallic compounds incorporating Re(CO)3Cl as a pendant functionality in the 2,2'-bipyridine core were obtained. The new heterobimetallic Pt-Re compounds were characterized by analytical and spectroscopic techniques. The solid-state structures of a Re(I)-coordinated diterminal alkynyl ligand and a representative model compound were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Detailed photophysical characterization of the heterobimetallic Pt(II) diynes and polyynes was carried out. We find that the incorporation of the Re(CO)3Cl pendant functionality in the 2,2'-bipyridine-containing main-chain Pt(II) diynes and polyynes has a synergistic effect on the optical properties, red shifting the absorption profile and introducing strong long-wavelength absorptions. The Re(I) moiety also introduces strong emission into the monomeric Pt(II) diyne compounds, whereas this is suppressed in the polyynes. The extent of the synergy depends on the topology of the ligands. Computational modeling was performed to compare the energetic stabilities of the positional isomers and to understand the microscopic nature of the major optical transitions. We find that 5,5'-disubstituted 2,2'-bipyridine systems are better candidates in terms of yield, photophysical properties, and stability than their 6,6'-substituted counterparts. Overall, this work provides an additional synthetic route to control the photophysical properties of metallaynes for a variety of optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashanul Haque
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 81451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Department of Chemistry, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 36, Al Khod 123, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Rayya Al-Balushi
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Applied and Health Sciences, A'Sharqiyah University, Ibra 400, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Idris Juma Al-Busaidi
- Department of Chemistry, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 36, Al Khod 123, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Nawal K Al-Rasbi
- Department of Chemistry, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 36, Al Khod 123, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Sumayya Al-Bahri
- Department of Chemistry, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 36, Al Khod 123, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Mohammed K Al-Suti
- Department of Chemistry, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 36, Al Khod 123, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Muhammad S Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 36, Al Khod 123, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Osama K Abou-Zied
- Department of Chemistry, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 36, Al Khod 123, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Jonathan M Skelton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K.,Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Paul R Raithby
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
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10
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Acosta A, Antipán J, Fernández M, Prado G, Sandoval-Altamirano C, Günther G, Gutiérrez-Urrutia I, Poblete-Castro I, Vega A, Pizarro N. Photochemistry of P,N-bidentate rhenium( i) tricarbonyl complexes: reactive species generation and potential application for antibacterial photodynamic therapy. RSC Adv 2021; 11:31959-31966. [PMID: 35495525 PMCID: PMC9041655 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06416a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we describe the photoisomerization of facial rhenium(i) tricarbonyl complexes bearing P,N-bidentate pyridyl/phosphine ligands with different chelating rings and anions: RePNBr, RePNTfO, and RePNNBr, which are triggered under irradiation at 365 nm in solutions. The apparent photodegradation rate constants (kapp) depend on the coordinating ability of the solvent, being lowest in acetonitrile. The kapp value increases as the temperature rises, suggesting a reactive IL excited state thermally populated from the MLCT excited state involved. Using the Eyring equation, positive activation enthalpies (ΔH≠) accompanied by high negative values for the activation entropy (ΔS≠) were obtained. These results suggest whatever the P,N-ligand or anion, the reaction proceeds through a strongly solvated or a compact transition state, which is compatible with an associative mechanism for the photoisomerization. A 100-fold decrease in the log10 CFU value is observed for E. coli and S. aureus in irradiated solutions of the compounds, which follows the same tendency as their singlet oxygen generation quantum yield: RePNBr > RePNTfO > RePNNBr, while no antibacterial activity is observed in the darkness. This result indicates that the generation of singlet oxygen plays a key role in the antibacterial capacity of these complexes. Three P,N-rhenium tricarbonyl complexes exhibited photoisomerization upon irradiation at 365 nm, and no CO release was detected. The antibacterial activity is attributed to their singlet oxygen generation, following the same decreasing order: RePNBr > RePNTfO > RePNNBr.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Acosta
- Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Centro de Biotecnología, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Javier Antipán
- Universidad Andres Bello, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Mariano Fernández
- Universidad Andres Bello, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Gaspar Prado
- Universidad Andres Bello, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Catalina Sandoval-Altamirano
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Facultad de Química y Biología, Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Chile
| | - Germán Günther
- Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Departamento de Química Orgánica y Fisicoquímica, Santiago, Chile
| | - Izabook Gutiérrez-Urrutia
- Universidad Andrés Bello, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology (CBIB), Biosystems Engineering Laboratory, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ignacio Poblete-Castro
- Universidad Andrés Bello, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology (CBIB), Biosystems Engineering Laboratory, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrés Vega
- Universidad Andres Bello, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Nancy Pizarro
- Universidad Andres Bello, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Viña del Mar, Chile
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11
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Stout MJ, Skelton BW, Sobolev AN, Raiteri P, Massi M, Simpson PV. Synthesis and Photochemical Properties of Re(I) Tricarbonyl Complexes Bound to Thione and Thiazol-2-ylidene Ligands. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Stout
- Curtin Institute for Functional Molecules and Interfaces, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley 6102, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Brian W. Skelton
- School of Molecular Sciences and CMCA, the University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, 6009 Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Alexandre N. Sobolev
- School of Molecular Sciences and CMCA, the University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, 6009 Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Paolo Raiteri
- Curtin Institute for Computation and School of Life and Molecular Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley 6102, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Massimiliano Massi
- Curtin Institute for Functional Molecules and Interfaces, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley 6102, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Peter V. Simpson
- Curtin Institute for Functional Molecules and Interfaces, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley 6102, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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12
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Merillas B, Cuéllar E, Diez-Varga A, Torroba T, García-Herbosa G, Fernández S, Lloret-Fillol J, Martín-Alvarez JM, Miguel D, Villafañe F. Luminescent Rhenium(I)tricarbonyl Complexes Containing Different Pyrazoles and Their Successive Deprotonation Products: CO 2 Reduction Electrocatalysts. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:11152-11165. [PMID: 32705866 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cationic fac-[Re(CO)3(pz*H)(pypzH)]OTf (pz*H = pyrazole, pzH; 3,5-dimethylpyrazole, dmpzH; indazole, indzH; 3-(2-pyridyl)pyrazole, pypzH) were obtained from fac-[ReBr(CO)3(pypzH)] by halide abstraction with AgOTf and subsequent addition of the corresponding pyrazole. Successive deprotonation with Na2CO3 and NaOH gave neutral fac-[Re(CO)3(pz*H)(pypz)] and anionic Na{fac-[Re(CO)3(pz*)(pypz)]} complexes, respectively. Cationic fac-[Re(CO)3(pz*H)(pypzH)]OTf, neutral complexes fac-[Re(CO)3(pz*H)(pypz)], and fac-[Re(CO)3(pypz)2Na] were subjected to photophysical and electrochemical studies. They exhibit phosphorescent decays from a prevalently 3MLCT excited state with quantum yields (Φ) in the range between 0.03 and 0.58 and long lifetimes (τ from 220 to 869 ns). The electrochemical behavior in Ar atmosphere of cationic and neutral complexes indicates that the oxidation processes assigned to ReI → ReII occurs at lower potentials for the neutral complex compared to cationic complex. The reduction processes occur at the ligands and do not depend on the charge of the complexes. The electrochemical behavior in CO2 saturated media is consistent with CO2 electrocatalyzed reduction, where the values of the catalytic activity [icat(CO2)/icat(Ar)] ranged from 2.7 to 11.5 (compared to 8.1 for fac-[Re(CO)3Cl(bipy)] studied as a reference). Controlled potential electrolysis for the pyrazole cationic (3a) and neutral (4a) complexes after 1 h affords CO in faraday yields of 61 and 89%, respectively. These values are higher for indazole complexes and may be related to the acidity of the coordinated pyrazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Merillas
- GIR MIOMeT-IU Cinquima-Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus Miguel Delibes, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Elena Cuéllar
- GIR MIOMeT-IU Cinquima-Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus Miguel Delibes, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Alberto Diez-Varga
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Tomás Torroba
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Gabriel García-Herbosa
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Sergio Fernández
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Julio Lloret-Fillol
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.,Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig Lluïs Companys, 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose M Martín-Alvarez
- GIR MIOMeT-IU Cinquima-Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus Miguel Delibes, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Daniel Miguel
- GIR MIOMeT-IU Cinquima-Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus Miguel Delibes, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Fernando Villafañe
- GIR MIOMeT-IU Cinquima-Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus Miguel Delibes, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
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13
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Klenner MA, Darwish T, Fraser BH, Massi M, Pascali G. Labeled Rhenium Complexes: Radiofluorination, α-MSH Cyclization, and Deuterium Substitutions. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell A. Klenner
- National Deuteration Facility (NDF) & Human Health, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, New South Wales, Australia 2234
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia 6102
| | - Tamim Darwish
- National Deuteration Facility (NDF) & Human Health, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, New South Wales, Australia 2234
| | - Benjamin H. Fraser
- National Deuteration Facility (NDF) & Human Health, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, New South Wales, Australia 2234
| | - Massimiliano Massi
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia 6102
| | - Giancarlo Pascali
- National Deuteration Facility (NDF) & Human Health, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, New South Wales, Australia 2234
- Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia 2031
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Kensington, New South Wales, Australia 2052
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14
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Paul LA, Röttcher NC, Zimara J, Borter JH, Du JP, Schwarzer D, Mata RA, Siewert I. Photochemical Properties of Re(CO)3 Complexes with and without a Local Proton Source and Implications for CO2 Reduction Catalysis. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas A. Paul
- Universität Göttingen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nico C. Röttcher
- Universität Göttingen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jennifer Zimara
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jan-Hendrik Borter
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jia-Pei Du
- Universität Göttingen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dirk Schwarzer
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ricardo A. Mata
- Universität Göttingen, Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Tammannstrasse 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Inke Siewert
- Universität Göttingen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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15
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Luengo A, Redrado M, Marzo I, Fernández-Moreira V, Gimeno MC. Luminescent Re(I)/Au(I) Species As Selective Anticancer Agents for HeLa Cells. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:8960-8970. [PMID: 32420746 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A series of neutral and cationic heterotrimetallic complexes of the type fac-[Re(CO)3(bipy(CC)2-(AuL)2)X]n, where bipy(CC)2 is 4,4'-alkynyl-2,2'-bipyridine; L is either triphenylphosphine (PPh3), [1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-imidazol-2-ylidene] (IPr), or tert-butyl isocyanide (CNtBu); and X is a chloride (n = 0) or acetonitrile (n = 1), were synthesized and characterized together with their Re(I) precursors, i.e., fac-[Re(CO)3(bipy(CC)2)X]n. X-ray diffraction of complexes 1, 3, and 6 corroborated the expected octahedral and linear distribution of the ligands along the Re(I) and Au(I) centers, respectively. Luminescent studies showed that all the complexes displayed a broad emission band centered between 565 and 680 nm, corresponding to a 3MLCT from the Re(I) to the diimine derivative. The presence of the gold fragment coordinated to the diimine ligand shifted in all cases the emission maxima toward higher energies. Such an emission difference could be potentially used for assessing the precise moment of interaction of the probe with the biological target if the gold fragment is implicated. Antiproliferative studies in cancer cells, A549 (lung cancer) and HeLa (cervix cancer), showed a generalized selectivity toward HeLa cells for those heterotrimetallic species incubated at longer times (72 vs 24 h). ICP-MS spectrometry revealed the greater cell internalization of cationic vs neutral species. Preliminary fluorescence microscopy experiments showed a different behavior of the complexes in HeLa and A549 cell lines. Whereas the complexes in A549 were randomly distributed in the outside of the cell, those incubated with HeLa cells were located close to the cellular membrane, suggesting some type of interaction, and possibly explaining their cellular selectivity when it comes to the antiproliferative activity displayed in the different cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Luengo
- Departamento de Quı́mica Inorgánica, Instituto de Sı́ntesis Quı́mica y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Marta Redrado
- Departamento de Quı́mica Inorgánica, Instituto de Sı́ntesis Quı́mica y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Isabel Marzo
- Departamento de Bioquı́mica y Biologı́a Molecular, Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Vanesa Fernández-Moreira
- Departamento de Quı́mica Inorgánica, Instituto de Sı́ntesis Quı́mica y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M Concepción Gimeno
- Departamento de Quı́mica Inorgánica, Instituto de Sı́ntesis Quı́mica y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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16
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Suntrup L, Stein F, Klein J, Wilting A, Parlane FGL, Brown CM, Fiedler J, Berlinguette CP, Siewert I, Sarkar B. Rhenium Complexes of Pyridyl-Mesoionic Carbenes: Photochemical Properties and Electrocatalytic CO 2 Reduction. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:4215-4227. [PMID: 32155052 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mesoionic carbenes have found wide use as components of homogeneous catalysts. Recent discoveries have, however, shown that metal complexes of such ligands also have huge potential in photochemical research and in the activation of small molecules. We present here three ReI complexes with mesoionic pyridyl-carbene ligands. The complexes display reduction steps which were investigated via UV-vis-NIR-IR spectro-electrochemistry, and these results point toward an EC mechanism. The ReI compounds emit in the visible range in solution at room temperature with excited state lifetimes that are dependent on the substituents of the mesoionic carbenes. These complexes are also potent electrocatalysts for the selective reduction of CO2 to CO. Whereas the substituents on the carbenes have no influence on the reduction potentials, the electrocatalytic efficiency is strongly dependent on the substituents. This fact is likely a result of catalyst instability. The results presented here thus introduce mesoionic carbenes as new potent ligands for the generation of emissive ReI complexes and for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Suntrup
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 34-36, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Felix Stein
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 34-36, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Johannes Klein
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 34-36, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Alexander Wilting
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 4, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Fraser G L Parlane
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z1, Canada.,Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute, The University of British Columbia, 2355 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada
| | - Christopher M Brown
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z1, Canada
| | - Jan Fiedler
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, v.v.i., Dolejškova 3, Prague 18223, Czech Republic
| | - Curtis P Berlinguette
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z1, Canada.,Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute, The University of British Columbia, 2355 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z3, Canada
| | - Inke Siewert
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 4, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Biprajit Sarkar
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 34-36, Berlin 14195, Germany.,Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, Stuttgart D-70569, Germany
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17
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Pospíšil P, Sýkora J, Takematsu K, Hof M, Gray HB, Vlček A. Light-Induced Nanosecond Relaxation Dynamics of Rhenium-Labeled Pseudomonas aeruginosa Azurins. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:788-797. [PMID: 31935093 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b10802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Time-resolved phosphorescence spectra of Re(CO)3(dmp)+ and Re(CO)3(phen)+ chromophores (dmp = 4,7-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) bound to surface histidines (H83, H124, and H126) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa azurin mutants exhibit dynamic band maxima shifts to lower wavenumbers following 3-exponential kinetics with 1-5 and 20-100 ns major phases and a 1.1-2.5 μs minor (5-16%) phase. Observation of slow relaxation components was made possible by using an organometallic Re chromophore as a probe whose long phosphorescence lifetime extends the observation window up to ∼3 μs. Integrated emission-band areas also decay with 2- or 3-exponential kinetics; the faster decay phase(s) is relaxation-related, whereas the slowest one [360-680 ns (dmp); 90-140 ns (phen)] arises mainly from population decay. As a result of shifting bands, the emission intensity decay kinetics depend on the detection wavelength. Detailed kinetics analyses and comparisons with band-shift dynamics are needed to disentangle relaxation and population decay kinetics if they occur on comparable timescales. The dynamic phosphorescence Stokes shift in Re-azurins is caused by relaxation motions of the solvent, the protein, and solvated amino acid side chains at the Re binding site in response to chromophore electronic excitation. Comparing relaxation and decay kinetics of Re(dmp)124K122CuII and Re(dmp)124W122CuII suggests that electron transfer (ET) and relaxation motions in the W122 mutant are coupled. It follows that nanosecond and faster photo-induced ET steps in azurins (and likely other redox proteins) occur from unrelaxed systems; importantly, these reactions can be driven (or hindered) by structural and solvational dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Pospíšil
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Dolejškova 3 , CZ-182 23 Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Jan Sýkora
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Dolejškova 3 , CZ-182 23 Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Kana Takematsu
- Department of Chemistry , Bowdoin College , Brunswick , Maine 04011 , United States
| | - Martin Hof
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Dolejškova 3 , CZ-182 23 Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Harry B Gray
- Beckman Institute , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
| | - Antonín Vlček
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Dolejškova 3 , CZ-182 23 Prague , Czech Republic.,School of Biological and Chemical Sciences , Queen Mary University of London , Mile End Road , E1 4NS London , U.K
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18
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Cho SY, Mochida T. Thermal Properties and Crystal Structures of Rhenium(I) Carbonyl Complexes with Tridentate Ligands: Preparation of Rhenium-Containing Ionic Liquids. Inorg Chem 2019; 59:847-853. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b03108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sok-Yong Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Mochida
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
- Center for Membrane Technology, Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
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19
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Klemens T, Świtlicka A, Szlapa-Kula A, Łapok Ł, Obłoza M, Siwy M, Szalkowski M, Maćkowski S, Libera M, Schab-Balcerzak E, Machura B. Tuning Optical Properties of Re(I) Carbonyl Complexes by Modifying Push–Pull Ligands Structure. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Klemens
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Anna Świtlicka
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Agata Szlapa-Kula
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Łukasz Łapok
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Obłoza
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Mariola Siwy
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Sklodowska, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Marcin Szalkowski
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 5 Grudziadzka, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Sebastian Maćkowski
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 5 Grudziadzka, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Marcin Libera
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Ewa Schab-Balcerzak
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Sklodowska, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Barbara Machura
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
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20
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Xiao Y, Cheung AWY, Lai SW, Cheng SC, Yiu SM, Leung CF, Ko CC. Electronic Communication in Luminescent Dicyanorhenate-Bridged Homotrinuclear Rhenium(I) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:6696-6705. [PMID: 31063368 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of cyano-bridged homotrinuclear Re(I) complexes with the general formula of {[Re]'[Re][Re]'}+ {[Re]' = -[ReI(CO)2(LL)(X)]; [Re] = -[(NC)ReI(CO)2(phen)(CN)]-; LL = diimine, diphosphine, or two carbonyl ligands; X = triphenylphosphine or carbonyl ligand} and the corresponding mononuclear complex analogues were synthesized. The structures of most of the trinuclear Re(I) complexes have been determined by X-ray crystallography. The relative orientations of peripheral to central Re(I) units in these structures vary considerably. The photophysical properties of these trinuclear Re(I) complexes have been examined. Except for the trinuclear Re(I) complex with Br2phen ligand, all the other triads display orange to red photoluminescence derived from the 3MLCT [dπ(Re) → π*(phen)] origin of the central Re(I) unit, suggestive of efficient energy transfer between the peripheral chromophores and the central unit. In addition to the efficient energy transfer processes between the Re(I) chromophores in these trinuclear complexes, the ability of the [NC-Re-CN] bridging ligands for electronic coupling between the rhenium metal centers is evidenced by ca. 0.2-0.3 V separation of the two rhenium metal-based oxidation potentials of the chemically equivalent peripheral units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelan Xiao
- Department of Chemistry , City University of Hong Kong , Tat Chee Avenue , Kowloon , Hong Kong , China
| | - Apple Wai-Yi Cheung
- Department of Chemistry , City University of Hong Kong , Tat Chee Avenue , Kowloon , Hong Kong , China
| | - Sze-Wing Lai
- Department of Chemistry , City University of Hong Kong , Tat Chee Avenue , Kowloon , Hong Kong , China
| | - Shun-Cheung Cheng
- Department of Chemistry , City University of Hong Kong , Tat Chee Avenue , Kowloon , Hong Kong , China
| | - Shek-Man Yiu
- Department of Chemistry , City University of Hong Kong , Tat Chee Avenue , Kowloon , Hong Kong , China
| | - Chi-Fai Leung
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies , The Education University of Hong Kong , 10 Lo Ping Road , Tai Po , N. T., Hong Kong , China
| | - Chi-Chiu Ko
- Department of Chemistry , City University of Hong Kong , Tat Chee Avenue , Kowloon , Hong Kong , China
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21
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Kisel KS, Melnikov AS, Grachova EV, Karttunen AJ, Doménech-Carbó A, Monakhov KY, Semenov VG, Tunik SP, Koshevoy IO. Supramolecular Construction of Cyanide-Bridged Re I Diimine Multichromophores. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:1988-2000. [PMID: 30633505 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of labile [Re(diimine)(CO)3(H2O)]+ precursors (diimine = 2,2'-bipyridine, bpy; 1,10-phenanthroline, phen) with dicyanoargentate anion produce the dirhenium cyanide-bridged compounds [{Re(diimine)(CO)3}2CN)]+ (1 and 2). Substitution of the axial carbonyl ligands in 2 for triphenylphosphine gives the derivative [{Re(phen)(CO)2(PPh3)}2CN]+ (3), while the employment of a neutral metalloligand [Au(PPh3)(CN)] affords heterobimetallic complex [{Re(phen)(CO)3}NCAu(PPh3)]+ (4). Furthermore, the utilization of [Au(CN)2]-, [Pt(CN)4]2-, and [Fe(CN)6]4-/3- cyanometallates leads to the higher nuclearity aggregates [{Re(diimine)(CO)3NC} xM] m+ (M = Au, x = 2, 5 and 6; Pt, x = 4, 7 and 8; Fe, x = 6, 9 and 10). All novel compounds were characterized crystallographically. Assemblies 1-8 are phosphorescent both in solution and in the solid state; according to the DFT analysis, the optical properties are mainly associated with charge transfer from Re tricarbonyl motif to the diimine fragment. The energy of this process can be substantially modified by the properties of the ancillary ligands that allows to attain near-IR emission for 3 (λem = 737 nm in CH2Cl2). The Re-FeII/III complexes 9 and 10 are not luminescent but exhibit low energy absorptions, reaching 846 nm (10) due to ReI → FeIII transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina S Kisel
- Institute of Chemistry , St. Petersburg State University , Universitetskiy pr. 26, Petergof , St. Petersburg 198504 , Russia.,Department of Chemistry , University of Eastern Finland , 80101 Joensuu , Finland
| | - Alexei S Melnikov
- Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University , Polytechnicheskaya, 29 , St. Petersburg 195251 , Russia
| | - Elena V Grachova
- Institute of Chemistry , St. Petersburg State University , Universitetskiy pr. 26, Petergof , St. Petersburg 198504 , Russia
| | - Antti J Karttunen
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science , Aalto University , 00076 Aalto , Finland
| | | | - Kirill Yu Monakhov
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM) , Permoserstraße 15 , 04318 Leipzig , Germany
| | - Valentin G Semenov
- Institute of Chemistry , St. Petersburg State University , Universitetskiy pr. 26, Petergof , St. Petersburg 198504 , Russia
| | - Sergey P Tunik
- Institute of Chemistry , St. Petersburg State University , Universitetskiy pr. 26, Petergof , St. Petersburg 198504 , Russia
| | - Igor O Koshevoy
- Department of Chemistry , University of Eastern Finland , 80101 Joensuu , Finland
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22
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Webster AA, Huo J, Milliken J, Sullivan P, Kubelka J, Hoberg JO. Hydrogen gas formation from the photolysis of rhenium hydrides – mechanistic and computational studies. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:16148-16152. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt03364e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The photolysis of fac-Re(bpy)(CO)3H derivatives produce stoichiometric H2 gas. Isotope labeling and computational studies indicate a mechanism involving a Re–H–Re bridging complex that leads to a dimeric Re–Re(η2-H2) state prior to dissociating H2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jan Kubelka
- Department of Petroleum Engineering
- University of Wyoming
- USA
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23
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Pizarro N, Saldías M, Guzmán N, Sandoval-Altamirano C, Kahlal S, Saillard JY, Hamon JR, Vega A. 1IL and 3MLCT excited states modulated by H+: the structure and photophysical properties of [(2-bromo-5-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyrazine)Re(CO)3Br]. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj04196b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The photophysical characterization of pyrazolyl–pyrazine Re(i) complex, shows a 1IL and 3MLCT excited states, being just the 3MLCT able to react with trifluoroacetic acid to yield the protonated and long-lived 3ILH+ species. These findings make the compound a potential sensor for protons in solution in the presence of light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Pizarro
- Universidad Andres Bello, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas
- Viña del Mar
- Chile
| | - Marianela Saldías
- Universidad Andres Bello, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas
- Viña del Mar
- Chile
| | - Nicolás Guzmán
- Universidad Andres Bello, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas
- Viña del Mar
- Chile
| | | | - Samia Kahlal
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226
- F-35000 Rennes
- France
| | - Jean-Yves Saillard
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226
- F-35000 Rennes
- France
| | - Jean-René Hamon
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226
- F-35000 Rennes
- France
| | - Andrés Vega
- Universidad Andres Bello, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas
- Viña del Mar
- Chile
- Centro para el Desarrollo de la Nanociencia y la Nanotecnología, CEDENNA
- Chile
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24
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Luengo A, Fernández-Moreira V, Marzo I, Gimeno MC. Bioactive Heterobimetallic Re(I)/Au(I) Complexes Containing Bidentate N-Heterocyclic Carbenes. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Luengo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Vanesa Fernández-Moreira
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Isabel Marzo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M. Concepción Gimeno
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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25
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Matos LS, Amaral RC, Murakami Iha NY. Visible Photosensitization of trans-Styrylpyridine Coordinated to fac-[Re(CO)3(dcbH2)]+: New Insights. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:9316-9326. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lais S. Matos
- Laboratory of Photochemistry and Energy Conversion, Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, 05508-000 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo C. Amaral
- Laboratory of Photochemistry and Energy Conversion, Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, 05508-000 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Neyde Y. Murakami Iha
- Laboratory of Photochemistry and Energy Conversion, Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, 05508-000 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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26
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Wu Y, Zhang X, Xu LJ, Yang M, Chen ZN. Luminescent Vapochromism Due to a Change of the Ligand Field in a One-Dimensional Manganese(II) Coordination Polymer. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:9175-9181. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Liang-Jin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Ming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Zhong-Ning Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
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27
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Kisel KS, Eskelinen T, Zafar W, Solomatina AI, Hirva P, Grachova EV, Tunik SP, Koshevoy IO. Chromophore-Functionalized Phenanthro-diimine Ligands and Their Re(I) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:6349-6361. [PMID: 29749736 PMCID: PMC6150663 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A series of diimine ligands has been designed on the basis of 2-pyridyl-1 H-phenanthro[9,10- d]imidazole (L1, L2). Coupling the basic motif of L1 with anthracene-containing fragments affords the bichromophore compounds L3-L5, of which L4 and L5 adopt a donor-acceptor architecture. The latter allows intramolecular charge transfer with intense absorption bands in the visible spectrum (lowest λabs 464 nm (ε = 1.2 × 104 M-1 cm-1) and 490 nm (ε = 5.2 × 104 M-1 cm-1) in CH2Cl2 for L4 and L5, respectively). L1-L5 show strong fluorescence in a fluid medium (Φem = 22-92%, λem 370-602 nm in CH2Cl2); discernible emission solvatochromism is observed for L4 and L5. In addition, the presence of pyridyl (L1-L5) and dimethylaminophenyl (L5) groups enables reversible alteration of their optical properties by means of protonation. Ligands L1-L5 were used to synthesize the corresponding [Re(CO)3X(diimine)] (X = Cl, 1-5; X = CN, 1-CN) complexes. 1 and 2 exhibit unusual dual emission of singlet and triplet parentage, which originate from independently populated 1ππ* and 3MLCT excited states. In contrast to the majority of the reported Re(I) carbonyl luminophores, complexes 3-5 display moderately intense ligand-based fluorescence from an anthracene-containing secondary chromophore and complete quenching of emission from the 3MLCT state presumably due to the triplet-triplet energy transfer (3MLCT → 3ILCT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina S. Kisel
- University of Eastern
Finland, Department of Chemistry, Joensuu 80101, Finland
- St.Petersburg State University, Department of Chemistry, Universitetskii pr. 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Toni Eskelinen
- University of Eastern
Finland, Department of Chemistry, Joensuu 80101, Finland
| | - Waqar Zafar
- University of Eastern
Finland, Department of Chemistry, Joensuu 80101, Finland
| | - Anastasia I. Solomatina
- St.Petersburg State University, Department of Chemistry, Universitetskii pr. 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Pipsa Hirva
- University of Eastern
Finland, Department of Chemistry, Joensuu 80101, Finland
| | - Elena V. Grachova
- St.Petersburg State University, Department of Chemistry, Universitetskii pr. 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Sergey P. Tunik
- St.Petersburg State University, Department of Chemistry, Universitetskii pr. 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Igor O. Koshevoy
- University of Eastern
Finland, Department of Chemistry, Joensuu 80101, Finland
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28
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Penfold TJ, Gindensperger E, Daniel C, Marian CM. Spin-Vibronic Mechanism for Intersystem Crossing. Chem Rev 2018; 118:6975-7025. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 401] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Penfold
- Chemistry - School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon-Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Etienne Gindensperger
- Laboratoire de Chimie Quantique, Institut de Chimie UMR-7177, CNRS - Université de Strasbourg, 1 Rue Blaise Pascal 67008 Strasbourg, France
| | - Chantal Daniel
- Laboratoire de Chimie Quantique, Institut de Chimie UMR-7177, CNRS - Université de Strasbourg, 1 Rue Blaise Pascal 67008 Strasbourg, France
| | - Christel M. Marian
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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29
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Saldías M, Manzur J, Palacios RE, Gómez ML, Fuente JDL, Günther G, Pizarro N, Vega A. The binuclear dual emitter [Br(CO) 3Re(PN)(NP)Re(CO) 3Br] (PN): 3-chloro-6-(4-diphenylphosphinyl)butoxypyridazine, a new bridging P,N-bidentate ligand resulting from the ring opening of tetrahydrofuran. Dalton Trans 2018; 46:1567-1576. [PMID: 28091640 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt04158b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lithium diphenylphosphide unexpectedly provokes the ring-opening of tetrahydrofuran (THF) and by reaction with 3,6-dichloropyridazine leads to the formation of the ligand 3-chloro-6-(4-diphenylphosphinyl)butoxypyridazine (P⋯N), which was isolated. The reaction of this ligand with the (Re(CO)3(THF)Br)2 dimer yields the novel complex [Br(CO)3Re(μ-3-chloro-6-(4-diphenylphosphinyl)butoxypyridazine)2Re(CO)3Br] (BrRe(P⋯N)(N⋯P)ReBr), which was crystallized in the form of a chloroform solvate, (C46H40Br2Cl2N4O8P2Re2)·(CHCl3). The monoclinic crystal (P21/n) displays a bimetallic cage structure with a symmetry inversion centre in the middle of the rhenium to rhenium line. The molecule shows two oxidation signals occurring at +1.50 V and +1.76 V which were assigned to the ReI/ReII and ReII/ReIII metal-centered couples, respectively, while signals observed at -1.38 V and -1.68 V were assigned to ligand centered reductions. Experimental and DFT/TDDFT results indicate that the UV-Vis absorption maximum of BrRe(P⋯N)(N⋯P)ReBr occurring near 380 nm displays a metal to ligand charge transfer (MLCT) character, which is consistent with CV results. Upon excitation at this wavelength, a weak emission (Φem < 1 × 10-3) is observed around 580 nm (in dichloromethane) which decays with two distinct lifetimes τ1 and τ2 of 24 and 4.7 ns, respectively. The prevalence of non-radiative deactivation pathways is consistent with efficient internal conversion induced by the high conformational flexibility of the P⋯N ligand's long carbon chain. Measurements in a frozen solvent at 77 K, where vibrational deactivation is hindered, show intense emission associated with the 3MLCT state. These results demonstrate that BrRe(P⋯N)(N⋯P)ReBr preserves the dual emitting nature previously reported for the mononuclear complex RePNBr, with emission associated with and states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianela Saldías
- Universidad Andres Bello, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas. Quillota 980, Viña del Mar, Chile.
| | - Jorge Manzur
- Universidad De Chile, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Departamento de Ciencias de los Materiales, Av. Tupper 2460, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo E Palacios
- Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto y CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales, Departamento de Química, Campus Universitario, 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María L Gómez
- Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto y CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales, Departamento de Química, Campus Universitario, 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Julio De La Fuente
- Universidad De Chile, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Departamento de Química Orgánica y Fisicoquímica, Sergio Livingstone 1007, Santiago, Chile
| | - Germán Günther
- Universidad De Chile, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Departamento de Química Orgánica y Fisicoquímica, Sergio Livingstone 1007, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nancy Pizarro
- Universidad Andres Bello, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas. Quillota 980, Viña del Mar, Chile.
| | - Andrés Vega
- Universidad Andres Bello, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas. Quillota 980, Viña del Mar, Chile. and Centro para el Desarrollo de la Nanociencia y la Nanotecnología, CEDENNA, Chile
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30
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Gonell S, Miller AJ. Carbon Dioxide Electroreduction Catalyzed by Organometallic Complexes. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adomc.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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31
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He M, Ching HYV, Policar C, Bertrand HC. Rhenium tricarbonyl complexes with arenethiolate axial ligands. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj01960f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pyta and Tapy-based [Re(N^N)(CO)3X] complexes with para-substituted benzenethiolates as axial ligand are reported along with their electrochemical and photophysical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglan He
- Laboratoire des biomolécules
- LBM
- Département de chimie
- École normale supérieure
- PSL University
| | - H. Y. Vincent Ching
- Laboratoire des biomolécules
- LBM
- Département de chimie
- École normale supérieure
- PSL University
| | - Clotilde Policar
- Laboratoire des biomolécules
- LBM
- Département de chimie
- École normale supérieure
- PSL University
| | - Helene C. Bertrand
- Laboratoire des biomolécules
- LBM
- Département de chimie
- École normale supérieure
- PSL University
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32
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Luengo A, Fernández-Moreira V, Marzo I, Gimeno MC. Trackable Metallodrugs Combining Luminescent Re(I) and Bioactive Au(I) Fragments. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:15159-15170. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Luengo
- Departamento de
Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química
y Catálisis Homogénea, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna
12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Vanesa Fernández-Moreira
- Departamento de
Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química
y Catálisis Homogénea, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna
12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Isabel Marzo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología
Molecular, Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M. Concepción Gimeno
- Departamento de
Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química
y Catálisis Homogénea, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna
12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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33
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Fumanal M, Gindensperger E, Daniel C. Ultrafast Excited-State Decays in [Re(CO)3(N,N)(L)]n+: Nonadiabatic Quantum Dynamics. J Chem Theory Comput 2017; 13:1293-1306. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.6b01203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fumanal
- Laboratoire de Chimie Quantique,
Institut de Chimie Strasbourg, UMR-7177 CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, 1 Rue Blaise Pascal BP 296/R8, F-67008 Strasbourg, France
| | - Etienne Gindensperger
- Laboratoire de Chimie Quantique,
Institut de Chimie Strasbourg, UMR-7177 CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, 1 Rue Blaise Pascal BP 296/R8, F-67008 Strasbourg, France
| | - Chantal Daniel
- Laboratoire de Chimie Quantique,
Institut de Chimie Strasbourg, UMR-7177 CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, 1 Rue Blaise Pascal BP 296/R8, F-67008 Strasbourg, France
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34
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Lee LCC, Leung KK, Lo KKW. Recent development of luminescent rhenium(i) tricarbonyl polypyridine complexes as cellular imaging reagents, anticancer drugs, and antibacterial agents. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:16357-16380. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt03465b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This Perspective summarizes recent advances in the biological applications of luminescent rhenium(i) tricarbonyl polypyridine complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kam-Keung Leung
- Department of Chemistry
- City University of Hong Kong
- P. R. China
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35
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Klemens T, Czerwińska K, Szlapa-Kula A, Kula S, Świtlicka A, Kotowicz S, Siwy M, Bednarczyk K, Krompiec S, Smolarek K, Maćkowski S, Danikiewicz W, Schab-Balcerzak E, Machura B. Synthesis, spectroscopic, electrochemical and computational studies of rhenium(i) tricarbonyl complexes based on bidentate-coordinated 2,6-di(thiazol-2-yl)pyridine derivatives. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:9605-9620. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt01948c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The impact of structure modification of the 2,6-di(thiazol-2-yl)pyridine based ligand was investigated.
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36
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Ng CO, Cheng SC, Chu WK, Tang KM, Yiu SM, Ko CC. Luminescent Rhenium(I) Pyridyldiaminocarbene Complexes: Photophysics, Anion-Binding, and CO2-Capturing Properties. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:7969-79. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b01017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chi-On Ng
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon,
Hong Kong, China
| | - Shun-Cheung Cheng
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon,
Hong Kong, China
| | - Wing-Kin Chu
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon,
Hong Kong, China
| | - Kin-Man Tang
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon,
Hong Kong, China
| | - Shek-Man Yiu
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon,
Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi-Chiu Ko
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon,
Hong Kong, China
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37
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Yempally V, Fan WY, Arndtsen BA, Bengali AA. Intramolecular C-C Bond Coupling of Nitriles to a Diimine Ligand in Group 7 Metal Tricarbonyl Complexes. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:11441-9. [PMID: 26554575 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b02087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dissolution of M(CO)3(Br)(L(Ar)) [L(Ar) = (2,6-Cl2-C6H3-NCMe)2CH2] in either acetonitrile [M = Mn, Re] or benzonitrile (M = Re) results in C-C coupling of the nitrile to the diimine ligand. When reacted with acetonitrile, the intermediate adduct [M(CO)3(NCCH3)(L(Ar))]Br forms and undergoes an intramolecular C-C coupling reaction between the nitrile carbon and the methylene carbon of the β-diimine ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veeranna Yempally
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University at Qatar , Doha, Qatar
| | - Wai Yip Fan
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive, Singapore 119077
| | - Bruce A Arndtsen
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University , 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Ashfaq A Bengali
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University at Qatar , Doha, Qatar
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38
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Zarkadoulas A, Koutsouri E, Kefalidi C, Mitsopoulou CA. Rhenium complexes in homogeneous hydrogen evolution. Coord Chem Rev 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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39
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Eng J, Daniel C. Structural Properties and UV–Visible Absorption Spectroscopy of Retinal-pyridyl-CN Re(I) Carbonyl Bipyridine Complex: A Theoretical Study. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:10645-53. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b08047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Eng
- Laboratoire de Chimie Quantique,
Institut de Chimie Strasbourg, UMR-7177 CNRS/Université de Strasbourg 1 Rue Blaise Pascal BP 296/R8, F-67008 STRASBOURG, France
| | - Chantal Daniel
- Laboratoire de Chimie Quantique,
Institut de Chimie Strasbourg, UMR-7177 CNRS/Université de Strasbourg 1 Rue Blaise Pascal BP 296/R8, F-67008 STRASBOURG, France
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40
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Kvapilová H, Vlček A, Barone V, Biczysko M, Záliš S. Anharmonicity Effects in IR Spectra of [Re(X)(CO)3(α-diimine)] (α-diimine = 2,2′-bipyridine or pyridylimidazo[1,5-a]pyridine; X = Cl or NCS) Complexes in Ground and Excited Electronic States. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:10137-46. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b07585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hana Kvapilová
- J.
Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Antonín Vlček
- J.
Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic
- Queen
Mary University of London, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Vincenzo Barone
- Scuola
Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri, 7 I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Malgorzata Biczysko
- Physics
Department, and International Centre for Quantum and Molecular Structures, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444 China
| | - Stanislav Záliš
- J.
Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic
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41
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Martinez Saavedra HH, Ragone F, Ruiz GT, Gara PMD, Wolcan E. Solvent Dependent Switching of 3MLLCT and 1IL Luminescent States in [ClRe(CO)3(Bathocuproinedisulfonate)]2–: Spectroscopic and Computational Study. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:9661-74. [DOI: 10.1021/jp506890r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hector H. Martinez Saavedra
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA, UNLP, CCT La Plata-CONICET), Diag. 113 y 64, Sucursal 4, C.C. 16, (B1906ZAA) La Plata, Argentina
| | - Fabricio Ragone
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA, UNLP, CCT La Plata-CONICET), Diag. 113 y 64, Sucursal 4, C.C. 16, (B1906ZAA) La Plata, Argentina
| | - Gustavo T. Ruiz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA, UNLP, CCT La Plata-CONICET), Diag. 113 y 64, Sucursal 4, C.C. 16, (B1906ZAA) La Plata, Argentina
| | - Pedro M. David Gara
- Centro de Investigaciones Ópticas (CONICET-CIC) and UNLP, Cno. Centenario e/505 y 508, C.C.
3 (1897), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel Wolcan
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA, UNLP, CCT La Plata-CONICET), Diag. 113 y 64, Sucursal 4, C.C. 16, (B1906ZAA) La Plata, Argentina
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42
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Yempally V, Kyran SJ, Raju RK, Fan WY, Brothers EN, Darensbourg DJ, Bengali AA. Thermal and Photochemical Reactivity of Manganese Tricarbonyl and Tetracarbonyl Complexes with a Bulky Diazabutadiene Ligand. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:4081-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ic500025k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Samuel J. Kyran
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Rajesh K. Raju
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University at Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Wai Yip Fan
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 119077
| | | | - Donald J. Darensbourg
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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43
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Ng CO, Yiu SM, Ko CC. Synthesis, Characterization, and Photophysical Study of Luminescent Rhenium(I) Diimine Complexes with Various Types of N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:3022-31. [DOI: 10.1021/ic4028145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chi-On Ng
- Department of Biology and
Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shek-Man Yiu
- Department of Biology and
Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi-Chiu Ko
- Department of Biology and
Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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44
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Ragone F, Saavedra HHM, Gara PMD, Ruiz GT, Wolcan E. Photosensitized Generation of Singlet Oxygen from Re(I) Complexes: A Photophysical Study Using LIOAS and Luminescence Techniques. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:4428-35. [DOI: 10.1021/jp402550g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabricio Ragone
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA,
UNLP, CCT La Plata-CONICET), Diag. 113 y 64, Sucursal 4, C.C. 16 (B1906ZAA),
La Plata, Argentina
| | - Héctor H. Martinez Saavedra
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA,
UNLP, CCT La Plata-CONICET), Diag. 113 y 64, Sucursal 4, C.C. 16 (B1906ZAA),
La Plata, Argentina
| | - Pedro M. David Gara
- Centro de Investigaciones Ópticas (CONICET-CIC) and UNLP, C.C. 3 (1897),
La Plata, Argentina
| | - Gustavo T. Ruiz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA,
UNLP, CCT La Plata-CONICET), Diag. 113 y 64, Sucursal 4, C.C. 16 (B1906ZAA),
La Plata, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel Wolcan
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA,
UNLP, CCT La Plata-CONICET), Diag. 113 y 64, Sucursal 4, C.C. 16 (B1906ZAA),
La Plata, Argentina
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45
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Anderson CB, Elliott ABS, McAdam CJ, Gordon KC, Crowley JD. fac-Re(CO)3Cl Complexes of [2-(4-R-1H-1,2,3-Triazol-1-yl)methyl]pyridine Inverse “Click” Ligands: A Systematic Synthetic, Spectroscopic, and Computational Study. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om300868k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B. Anderson
- Department of Chemistry and ‡MacDiarmid
Institute for Advanced
Materials and Nanotechnology, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Anastasia B. S. Elliott
- Department of Chemistry and ‡MacDiarmid
Institute for Advanced
Materials and Nanotechnology, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - C. John McAdam
- Department of Chemistry and ‡MacDiarmid
Institute for Advanced
Materials and Nanotechnology, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Keith C. Gordon
- Department of Chemistry and ‡MacDiarmid
Institute for Advanced
Materials and Nanotechnology, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - James D. Crowley
- Department of Chemistry and ‡MacDiarmid
Institute for Advanced
Materials and Nanotechnology, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
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46
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El Nahhas A, van der Veen RM, Penfold TJ, Pham VT, Lima FA, Abela R, Blanco-Rodriguez AM, Zális̆ S, Vlc̆ek A, Tavernelli I, Rothlisberger U, Milne CJ, Chergui M. X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy of Ground and Excited Rhenium–Carbonyl–Diimine Complexes: Evidence for a Two-Center Electron Transfer. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:361-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp3106502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. El Nahhas
- École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne, Laboratoire de spectroscopie ultrarapide, ISIC, FSB-BSP, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - R. M. van der Veen
- École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne, Laboratoire de spectroscopie ultrarapide, ISIC, FSB-BSP, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - T. J. Penfold
- École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne, Laboratoire de spectroscopie ultrarapide, ISIC, FSB-BSP, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne, Laboratoire de chimie et biochimie computationnelles, ISIC, FSB-BSP, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - V. T. Pham
- École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne, Laboratoire de spectroscopie ultrarapide, ISIC, FSB-BSP, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - F. A. Lima
- École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne, Laboratoire de spectroscopie ultrarapide, ISIC, FSB-BSP, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - R. Abela
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - A. M. Blanco-Rodriguez
- School of Biological and Chemical
Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K
| | - S. Zális̆
- J. Heyrovský Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dolej̆skova 3, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A. Vlc̆ek
- J. Heyrovský Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dolej̆skova 3, Prague, Czech Republic
- School of Biological and Chemical
Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K
| | - I. Tavernelli
- École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne, Laboratoire de chimie et biochimie computationnelles, ISIC, FSB-BSP, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - U. Rothlisberger
- École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne, Laboratoire de chimie et biochimie computationnelles, ISIC, FSB-BSP, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C. J. Milne
- École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne, Laboratoire de spectroscopie ultrarapide, ISIC, FSB-BSP, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M. Chergui
- École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne, Laboratoire de spectroscopie ultrarapide, ISIC, FSB-BSP, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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