1
|
Lam RH, Keaveney ST, Messerle BA, Pernik I. Bimetallic Rhodium Complexes: Precatalyst Activation-Triggered Bimetallic Enhancement for the Hydrosilylation Transformation. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Raphael H. Lam
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Sinead T. Keaveney
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Barbara A. Messerle
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Indrek Pernik
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang Z, Yang YF, She YB. Computational Exploration of Dinuclear MgCo Complex-Catalyzed Ring-Opening Copolymerization of Cyclohexene Oxide and CO 2. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanhao Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Yun-Fang Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Yuan-Bin She
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li Y, Yang H, Lu X. Intramolecular synergistic catalysis for asymmetric alternating copolymerization of
CO
2
and
meso
‐epoxides. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi‐Ning Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology Dalian China
| | - Han‐Han Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology Dalian China
| | - Xiao‐Bing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology Dalian China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hoffmann M, Hermesmann M, Leven M, Leitner W, Müller TE. Semi-Crystalline Polyoxymethylene- co-Polyoxyalkylene Multi-Block Telechels as Building Blocks for Polyurethane Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:882. [PMID: 35267705 PMCID: PMC8912848 DOI: 10.3390/polym14050882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxy-terminated polyoxymethylene-co-polyoxyalkylene multi-block telechels were obtained by a new methodology that allows for the formal substituting of ether units in polyether polyols with oxymethylene moieties. An interesting feature is that, unlike carbonate groups in polycarbonate and polyethercarbonate polyols, homopolymer blocks of polyoxymethylene moieties can be formed. The regular nature of polyoxymethylene blocks imparts a certain crystallinity to the polymer that can give rise to new properties of polyurethanes derived from such telechels. The synthesis, reaction sequence and kinetics of the formation of oligomeric hydroxy-terminated multi-block telechel polyoxymethylene moieties are discussed in this paper and the preparation of a polyurethane material is demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Hoffmann
- CAT Catalytic Center, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (M.H.); (M.L.); (W.L.)
| | - Matthias Hermesmann
- Carbon Sources and Conversion, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany;
| | - Matthias Leven
- CAT Catalytic Center, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (M.H.); (M.L.); (W.L.)
- Covestro Deutschland AG, COV-CCO-PUR-R&D-EMEA-DRDII, B108, 51365 Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Walter Leitner
- CAT Catalytic Center, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (M.H.); (M.L.); (W.L.)
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34–36, 45470 Mulheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Thomas Ernst Müller
- CAT Catalytic Center, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (M.H.); (M.L.); (W.L.)
- Carbon Sources and Conversion, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Deacy A, Moreby E, Phanopoulos A, Williams CK. Co(III)/Alkali-Metal(I) Heterodinuclear Catalysts for the Ring-Opening Copolymerization of CO 2 and Propylene Oxide. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:19150-19160. [PMID: 33108736 PMCID: PMC7662907 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c07980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The ring-opening copolymerization of carbon dioxide and propene oxide is a useful means to valorize waste into commercially attractive poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC) polyols. The reaction is limited by low catalytic activities, poor tolerance to a large excess of chain transfer agent, and tendency to form byproducts. Here, a series of new catalysts are reported that comprise heterodinuclear Co(III)/M(I) macrocyclic complexes (where M(I) = Group 1 metal). These catalysts show highly efficient production of PPC polyols, outstanding yields (turnover numbers), quantitative carbon dioxide uptake (>99%), and high selectivity for polyol formation (>95%). The most active, a Co(III)/K(I) complex, shows a turnover frequency of 800 h-1 at low catalyst loading (0.025 mol %, 70 °C, 30 bar CO2). The copolymerizations are well controlled and produce hydroxyl telechelic PPC with predictable molar masses and narrow dispersity (Đ < 1.15). The polymerization kinetics show a second order rate law, first order in both propylene oxide and catalyst concentrations, and zeroth order in CO2 pressure. An Eyring analysis, examining the effect of temperature on the propagation rate coefficient (kp), reveals the transition state barrier for polycarbonate formation: ΔG‡ = +92.6 ± 2.5 kJ mol-1. The Co(III)/K(I) catalyst is also highly active and selective in copolymerizations of other epoxides with carbon dioxide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arron
C. Deacy
- Department of Chemistry,
Chemistry Research Laboratory, University
of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Emma Moreby
- Department of Chemistry,
Chemistry Research Laboratory, University
of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Andreas Phanopoulos
- Department of Chemistry,
Chemistry Research Laboratory, University
of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Charlotte K. Williams
- Department of Chemistry,
Chemistry Research Laboratory, University
of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Böhm K, Maerten SG, Liauw MA, Müller TE. Exploring the Sequence of Comonomer Insertion into Growing Poly(ether carbonate) Chains with Monte Carlo Methods. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Böhm
- CAT Catalytic Center, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Marcel A. Liauw
- ITMC, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Ernst Müller
- CAT Catalytic Center, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
|
8
|
Understanding metal synergy in heterodinuclear catalysts for the copolymerization of CO2 and epoxides. Nat Chem 2020; 12:372-380. [DOI: 10.1038/s41557-020-0450-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
9
|
Deacy AC, Durr CB, Garden JA, White AJP, Williams CK. Groups 1, 2 and Zn(II) Heterodinuclear Catalysts for Epoxide/CO2 Ring-Opening Copolymerization. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:15575-15583. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arron C. Deacy
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher B. Durr
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer A. Garden
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. P. White
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte K. Williams
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Thevenon A, Cyriac A, Myers D, White AJP, Durr CB, Williams CK. Indium Catalysts for Low-Pressure CO 2/Epoxide Ring-Opening Copolymerization: Evidence for a Mononuclear Mechanism? J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:6893-6903. [PMID: 29782169 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b01920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The alternating copolymerization of CO2/epoxides is a useful means to incorporate high levels of carbon dioxide into polymers. The reaction is generally proposed to occur by bimetallic or bicomponent pathways. Here, the first indium catalysts are presented, which are proposed to operate by a distinct mononuclear pathway. The most active and selective catalysts are phosphasalen complexes, which feature ligands comprising two iminophosphoranes linked to sterically hindered ortho-phenolates. The catalysts are active at 1 bar pressure of carbon dioxide and are most effective without any cocatalyst. They show low-pressure activity (1 bar pressure) and yield polymer with high carbonate linkage selectivity (>99%) and isoselectivity ( Pm > 70%). Using these complexes, it is also possible to isolate and characterize key catalytic intermediates, including the propagating indium alkoxide and carbonate complexes that are rarely studied. The catalysts are mononuclear under polymerization conditions, and the key intermediates show different coordination geometries: the alkoxide complex is pentacoordinate, while the carbonate is hexacoordinate. Kinetic analyses reveal a first-order dependence on catalyst concentration and are zero-order in carbon dioxide pressure; these findings together with in situ spectroscopic studies underpin the mononuclear pathway. More generally, this research highlights the future opportunity for other homogeneous catalysts, featuring larger ionic radius metals and new ligands, to operate by mononuclear mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Thevenon
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , 13 Mansfield Road , Oxford OX1 3TA , United Kingdom
| | - Anish Cyriac
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
| | - Dominic Myers
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J P White
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
| | - Christopher B Durr
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , 13 Mansfield Road , Oxford OX1 3TA , United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte K Williams
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , 13 Mansfield Road , Oxford OX1 3TA , United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Schütze M, Dechert S, Meyer F. Highly Active and Readily Accessible Proline-Based Dizinc Catalyst for CO 2 /Epoxide Copolymerization. Chemistry 2017; 23:16472-16475. [PMID: 29024105 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In the pursuit of CO2 -based materials, the development of efficient catalysts for the alternating copolymerization of CO2 and epoxides to give polycarbonates is receiving particular attention. Desirable attributes for such catalysts are high copolymerization activity at low CO2 pressure, as well as chemo- and stereocontrol over the formed polymer. Here, we report a novel chiral zinc catalyst that can be isolated in 97 % yield from commercial sources, and that produces polycarbonates selectively from neat cyclohexene oxide under 1 bar of CO2 pressure at temperatures above 50 °C. At 80 °C reaction temperature, TONs of 1684 and initial TOFs up to 149 h-1 were measured, producing an isotactic-enriched polycarbonate with a probability Pm of 65 % for the formation of a meso diad. Insight into the dinuclear nature of the active species and the copolymerization progress has been gained from structural and spectroscopic studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mike Schütze
- Universität Göttingen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstr. 4, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Dechert
- Universität Göttingen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstr. 4, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Franc Meyer
- Universität Göttingen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstr. 4, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Romain C, Garden JA, Trott G, Buchard A, White AJP, Williams CK. Di-Zinc-Aryl Complexes: CO 2 Insertions and Applications in Polymerisation Catalysis. Chemistry 2017; 23:7367-7376. [PMID: 28370511 PMCID: PMC5488170 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Two new di-zinc-aryl complexes, [LZn2 Ph2 ] and [LZn2 (C6 F5 )2 ], coordinated by a diphenol tetraamine macrocyclic ligand have been prepared and fully characterised, including by single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiments. The complexes' reactivities with monomers including carbon dioxide, cyclohexene oxide, phthalic anhydride, isopropanol and phenol were investigated using both experimental studies and density functional theory calculations. In particular, [LZn2 Ph2 ] readily inserts carbon dioxide to form a carboxylate, at 1 bar pressure, whereas [LZn2 (C6 F5 )2 ] does not react. Under these conditions [LZn2 Ph2 ] shows moderate activity in the ring-opening copolymerisation of cyclohexene oxide/carbon dioxide (TOF=20 h-1 ), cyclohexene oxide/phthalic anhydride (TOF=33 h-1 ) and the ring-opening polymerisations of rac-lactide (TOF=99 h-1 ) and ϵ-caprolactone (TOF=5280 h-1 ).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles Romain
- Department of ChemistryImperial College LondonLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | | | - Gemma Trott
- Department of ChemistryChemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX2 3TAUK
| | | | | | - Charlotte K. Williams
- Department of ChemistryChemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX2 3TAUK
- Department of ChemistryImperial College LondonLondonSW7 2AZUK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kremer AB, Osten KM, Yu I, Ebrahimi T, Aluthge DC, Mehrkhodavandi P. Dinucleating Ligand Platforms Supporting Indium and Zinc Catalysts for Cyclic Ester Polymerization. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:5365-74. [PMID: 27187767 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of the first alkoxide-bridged indium complex supported by a chiral dinucleating ligand platform (1), along with its zinc analogue (2), is reported. Both complexes are synthesized in a one-pot reaction starting from a chiral dinucleating bis(diamino)phenolate ligand platform, sodium ethoxide, and respective metal salts. The dinucleating indium analogue (7) based on an achiral ligand backbone is also reported. Indium complexes bearing either the chiral or achiral ligand catalyze the ring-opening polymerization of racemic lactide (rac-LA) to afford highly heterotactic poly(lactic acid) (PLA; Pr > 0.85). The indium complex bearing an achiral ligand affords essentially atactic PLA from meso-LA. The role of the dinucleating ligand structure in catalyst synthesis and polymerization activity is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre B Kremer
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Kimberly M Osten
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Insun Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Tannaz Ebrahimi
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Dinesh C Aluthge
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Parisa Mehrkhodavandi
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Trott G, Saini PK, Williams CK. Catalysts for CO2/epoxide ring-opening copolymerization. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2016; 374:rsta.2015.0085. [PMID: 26755758 PMCID: PMC4707689 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2015.0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This article summarizes and reviews recent progress in the development of catalysts for the ring-opening copolymerization of carbon dioxide and epoxides. The copolymerization is an interesting method to add value to carbon dioxide, including from waste sources, and to reduce pollution associated with commodity polymer manufacture. The selection of the catalyst is of critical importance to control the composition, properties and applications of the resultant polymers. This review highlights and exemplifies some key recent findings and hypotheses, in particular using examples drawn from our own research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Trott
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - P K Saini
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - C K Williams
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Thevenon A, Garden JA, White AJP, Williams CK. Dinuclear Zinc Salen Catalysts for the Ring Opening Copolymerization of Epoxides and Carbon Dioxide or Anhydrides. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:11906-15. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b02233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Thevenon
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer A. Garden
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. P. White
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|