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Chen C, Zhang Y, Wu X, Shen J. The role of tertiary lymphoid structure and B cells in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Based on bioinformatics and experimental verification. Transl Oncol 2024; 41:101885. [PMID: 38295746 PMCID: PMC10846412 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2024.101885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Transcriptomic characteristics and prognosis of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) and infiltrating B cells in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remain unclear. Here, NPC transcriptomic data and clinical samples were used to investigate the role of infiltrating B cells and TLS in NPC. METHODS We investigated the gene expression and infiltrating immune cells of NPC patients and further investigated the clinical relevance of B cell and TLS signatures. Transcriptional features of infiltrating B cell subsets were revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis. Immunohistochemical (IHC) and HE staining were performed to validate the clinical relevance of infiltrating B cells and TLS in NPC samples. RESULTS 27 differentially expressed immune-related genes (IRGs) associated with prognosis were identified, including B cell marker genes CD19 and CD79B. The higher B cells and TLS signature scores were associated with better outcomes and early pathological staging in 88 NPC patients. ScRNA-seq identified five distinct B cell subsets in NPC, including the BC-4 cluster associated with poor outcomes and the BC-0 cluster associated with better outcomes. EBV infection was positively associated with the formation of TLS. Furthermore, experimental results showed that the infiltration of B cells in NPC tissues was higher than that of normal tissues, and the density of TLS in an early stage of NPC was higher than that in advanced-stage TLS. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate the functional importance of distinct B cell subsets in the prognosis of NPC. Additionally, we confirmed that B cells and TLS may serve as prognostic biomarkers of survival for NPC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chujun Chen
- Key Specialty of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Pathology Dept., The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Xiaoting Wu
- School of Bioscience and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Juan Shen
- School of Bioscience and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, PR China.
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Matos L, Muñoz M, Molina J, Rodríguez F, Perez D, Lopez A, Ferrer O, Hermosilla C, Taubert A, Ruiz A. Protective immune responses during prepatency in goat kids experimentally infected with Eimeria ninakohlyakimovae. Vet Parasitol 2017; 242:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Kaur S, Singh SP, Elkahloun AG, Wu W, Abu-Asab MS, Roberts DD. CD47-dependent immunomodulatory and angiogenic activities of extracellular vesicles produced by T cells. Matrix Biol 2014; 37:49-59. [PMID: 24887393 PMCID: PMC6176487 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Intercellular communication is critical for integrating complex signals in multicellular eukaryotes. Vascular endothelial cells and T lymphocytes closely interact during the recirculation and trans-endothelial migration of T cells. In addition to direct cell-cell contact, we show that T cell derived extracellular vesicles can interact with endothelial cells and modulate their cellular functions. Thrombospondin-1 and its receptor CD47 are expressed on exosomes/ectosomes derived from T cells, and these extracellular vesicles are internalized and modulate signaling in both T cells and endothelial cells. Extracellular vesicles released from cells expressing or lacking CD47 differentially regulate activation of T cells induced by engaging the T cell receptor. Similarly, T cell-derived extracellular vesicles modulate endothelial cell responses to vascular endothelial growth factor and tube formation in a CD47-dependent manner. Uptake of T cell derived extracellular vesicles by recipient endothelial cells globally alters gene expression in a CD47-dependent manner. CD47 also regulates the mRNA content of extracellular vesicles in a manner consistent with some of the resulting alterations in target endothelial cell gene expression. Therefore, the thrombospondin-1 receptor CD47 directly or indirectly regulates intercellular communication mediated by the transfer of extracellular vesicles between vascular cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhbir Kaur
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20982, USA
| | - Satya P Singh
- Inflammation Biology Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20982, USA
| | - Abdel G Elkahloun
- Cancer Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Weiwei Wu
- Cancer Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mones S Abu-Asab
- Histopathology Core, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David D Roberts
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20982, USA.
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Sedlmayr P, Blaschitz A, Stocker R. The role of placental tryptophan catabolism. Front Immunol 2014; 5:230. [PMID: 24904580 PMCID: PMC4032907 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This review discusses the mechanisms and consequences of degradation of tryptophan (Trp) in the placenta, focusing mainly on the role of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO1), one of three enzymes catalyzing the first step of the kynurenine pathway of Trp degradation. IDO1 has been implicated in regulation of feto-maternal tolerance in the mouse. Local depletion of Trp and/or the presence of metabolites of the kynurenine pathway mediate immunoregulation and exert antimicrobial functions. In addition to the decidual glandular epithelium, IDO1 is localized in the vascular endothelium of the villous chorion and also in the endothelium of spiral arteries of the decidua. Possible consequences of IDO1-mediated catabolism of Trp in the endothelium encompass antimicrobial activity and immunosuppression, as well as relaxation of the placental vasotonus, thereby contributing to placental perfusion and growth of both placenta and fetus. It remains to be evaluated whether other enzymes mediating Trp oxidation, such as indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-2, Trp 2,3-dioxygenase, and Trp hydroxylase-1 are of relevance to the biology of the placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Sedlmayr
- Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz , Graz , Austria
| | - Astrid Blaschitz
- Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz , Graz , Austria
| | - Roland Stocker
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute , Darlinghurst, NSW , Australia
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Sedlmayr P, Blaschitz A. Placental expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. Wien Med Wochenschr 2012; 162:214-9. [PMID: 22717876 DOI: 10.1007/s10354-012-0082-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on the placental expression of the tryptophan-degrading enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO1) and its potential roles, which may not only encompass immunosuppression and antimicrobial activity, but also vasodilation based on the endothelial expression on both sides of the feto-maternal interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Sedlmayr
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Institute for Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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The expression of PD-1 ligands and their involvement in regulation of T cell functions in acute and chronic woodchuck hepatitis virus infection. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26196. [PMID: 22022563 PMCID: PMC3194835 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed death-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) system may play a role in the negative regulation of T cell functions in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Thus, it is important to study its role in the widely used animal model for HBV infection of woodchucks with woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV). Methods Woodchuck PD-L1 (wPD-L1) and -L2 (wPD-L2) were cloned and characterized. The levels of wPD-L1 expression in primary woodchuck hepatocytes (PWH), peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and liver tissue of naive and WHV-infected woodchucks were examined by real time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and flow cytometry. Using antibodies against wPD-L1 and -L2, the effect of blocking PD-1/PD-L1/PD-L2 interaction on the proliferation and degranulation of woodchuck PBMCs was examined. Principal Findings Both wPD-L1 and -L2 showed a high homology to their counterparts of other mammalian species and humans. WPD-L1 expression in PWH and PBMCs of naive animals was low but could be stimulated by Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands and interferons (IFN). WPD-L1 expression in liver tissue was significantly higher than that measured in PWHs and was slightly elevated during acute and chronic WHV infection. However, wPD-1 and wPD-L1 expression on PBMCs was strongly up-regulated during acute and chronic infection. In vitro blockade with antibodies against wPD-L1 and -L2 partially enhanced proliferation and degranulation of PBMCs from WHV-infected woodchucks. Conclusions Our results demonstrated that wPD-1/wPD-L1 expression in hepatocytes and PBMCs can be induced by different inflammatory stimuli and is up-regulated mainly on PBMCs during WHV infection. A blockade of the woodchuck PD-1/PD-L pathway could partially enhance T cell functions in WHV infection.
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Blaschitz A, Gauster M, Fuchs D, Lang I, Maschke P, Ulrich D, Karpf E, Takikawa O, Schimek MG, Dohr G, Sedlmayr P. Vascular endothelial expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 forms a positive gradient towards the feto-maternal interface. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21774. [PMID: 21755000 PMCID: PMC3130744 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the distribution of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) in vascular endothelium of human first-trimester and term placenta. Expression of IDO1 protein on the fetal side of the interface extended from almost exclusively sub-trophoblastic capillaries in first-trimester placenta to a nearly general presence on villous vascular endothelia at term, including also most bigger vessels such as villous arteries and veins of stem villi and vessels of the chorionic plate. Umbilical cord vessels were generally negative for IDO1 protein. In the fetal part of the placenta positivity for IDO1 was restricted to vascular endothelium, which did not co-express HLA-DR. This finding paralleled detectability of IDO1 mRNA in first trimester and term tissue and a high increase in the kynurenine to tryptophan ratio in chorionic villous tissue from first trimester to term placenta. Endothelial cells isolated from the chorionic plate of term placenta expressed IDO1 mRNA in contrast to endothelial cells originating from human umbilical vein, iliac vein or aorta. In first trimester decidua we found endothelium of arteries rather than veins expressing IDO1, which was complementory to expression of HLA-DR. An estimation of IDO activity on the basis of the ratio of kynurenine and tryptophan in blood taken from vessels of the chorionic plate of term placenta indicated far higher values than those found in the peripheral blood of adults. Thus, a gradient of vascular endothelial IDO1 expression is present at both sides of the feto-maternal interface.
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MESH Headings
- Cell Separation
- Chorion/cytology
- Chorion/enzymology
- Decidua/cytology
- Decidua/enzymology
- Endothelial Cells/cytology
- Endothelial Cells/enzymology
- Endothelium, Vascular/cytology
- Endothelium, Vascular/enzymology
- Epitopes/immunology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
- HLA-DR Antigens
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/genetics
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/metabolism
- Maternal-Fetal Exchange
- Paraffin Embedding
- Pregnancy
- Pregnancy Trimester, First/metabolism
- Protein Transport
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Tryptophan/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Blaschitz
- Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Gauster
- Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Dietmar Fuchs
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ingrid Lang
- Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Petra Maschke
- Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Daniela Ulrich
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Eva Karpf
- Institute of Pathology, Center for Applied Biomedicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Osamu Takikawa
- Laboratory of Radiation Safety, National Institute of Longevity Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu City, Japan
| | - Michael G. Schimek
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gottfried Dohr
- Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Sedlmayr
- Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- * E-mail:
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Sühwold A, Hermosilla C, Seeger T, Zahner H, Taubert A. T cell reactions of Eimeria bovis primary and challenge-infected calves. Parasitol Res 2010; 106:595-605. [PMID: 20066437 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-009-1705-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2009] [Accepted: 12/11/2009] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Eimeria bovis infections commonly have clinical impact only on young animals, as homologous reinfections generally are under immunological control. So far, the nature of the immune responses delivering protection to calves has not been investigated. In this study we therefore analysed local and peripheral proliferative T cell activities of primary and challenge-infected calves and investigated the occurrence of T cell phenotypes in the peripheral blood and in mucosal gut segments isolated either by bioptic means or by necropsies.We show that lymphocytes of E. bovis-infected calves exhibit effective, transient antigen-specific proliferative responses in the course of prepatency of primary infection but fail to react after homologous reinfection suggesting early abrogation of parasite development. Whilst in primary infection an expansion of peripheral CD4+ T cells was observed, reinfection had no effect on the proportions of CD4+, CD8+ subsets or gammadeltaTCR+ T cells. In contrast, both E. bovis primary and challenge infections had an impact on local tissue T cell distribution. Primary infection was characterised by a CD4+ T cell infiltration early in prepatency in ileum and later in colon mucosa, whereas CD8+ T cells were only found accumulating in the latter gut segment. Challenge infection led to infiltration of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in small intestine and large intestine segments indicating protective functions of both cell types. In contrast, infiltration of ileum and colon mucosa with gammadeltaTCR+ T cells was restricted to primary infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Sühwold
- Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Rudolf-Buchheim-Str. 2, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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Badawy AII, Lutz K, Taubert A, Zahner H, Hermosilla C. Eimeria bovis meront I-carrying host cells express parasite-specific antigens on their surface membrane. Vet Res Commun 2009; 34:103-18. [DOI: 10.1007/s11259-009-9336-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/26/2009] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Taubert A, Hermosilla C, Sühwold A, Zahner H. Antigen-induced cytokine production in lymphocytes of Eimeria bovis primary and challenge infected calves. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2008; 126:309-20. [PMID: 18947883 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2008] [Revised: 08/25/2008] [Accepted: 09/12/2008] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cellular immune responses against Eimeria bovis are highly specific and a key factor for the development of protection against challenge infections. In this study we investigate the cellular immune responses of E. bovis primary and challenge infected calves stimulated in vitro by E. bovis merozoite I-antigen. Primary infection was accompanied by an increase of IFN-gamma and IL-2 gene transcription in whole blood samples, peaking during prepatency (8-12 days p.i.) and declining thereafter, whereas IL-4 gene transcription was induced predominantly in patency. IL-10 mRNA was not influenced by E. bovis infection. Both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were identified as source of IFN-gamma gene transcripts, whilst IL-2 and IL-4 gene transcription was enhanced mainly in CD4+ T cells. Increased levels of IFN-gamma transcripts and protein were also found in lymphocytes isolated from ileocaecal lymph node biopsy 8 days p.i., and in cell culture supernatants obtained from antigen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) at days 8 and 12 p.i., respectively. Challenge infections of calves influenced neither IFN-gamma nor IL-2 gene transcription in peripheral blood or in lymph node-derived lymphocytes. In contrast, IL-4 gene transcription was increased in lymphocytes isolated from draining lymph nodes. Besides antigen-specific reactions we also found an infection-triggered induction of the non-specific activation state of PBMC in the course of primary infection as measured by the intracellular IFN-gamma and IL-4 content of phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate/ionomycin-stimulated PBMC. This may represent a new mechanism of immune cells of E. bovis-infected calves contributing to ongoing immune reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Taubert
- Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Rudolf-Buchheim-Str. 2, D-35392 Giessen, Germany.
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