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Kong LR, Chen XH, Sun Q, Zhang KY, Xu L, Ding L, Zhou YP, Zhang ZB, Lin JR, Gao PJ. Loss of C3a and C5a receptors promotes adipocyte browning and attenuates diet-induced obesity via activating inosine/A2aR pathway. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112078. [PMID: 36735535 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Complement activation is thought to underline the pathologic progression of obesity-related metabolic disorders; however, its role in adaptive thermogenesis has scarcely been explored. Here, we identify complement C3a receptor (C3aR) and C5a receptor (C5aR) as critical switches to control adipocyte browning and energy balance in male mice. Loss of C3aR and C5aR in combination, more than individually, increases cold-induced adipocyte browning and attenuates diet-induced obesity in male mice. Mechanistically, loss of C3aR and C5aR increases regulatory T cell (Treg) accumulation in the subcutaneous white adipose tissue during cold exposure or high-fat diet. Activated Tregs produce adenosine, which is converted to inosine by adipocyte-derived adenosine deaminases. Inosine promotes adipocyte browning in a manner dependent on activating adenosine A2a receptor. These data reveal a regulatory mechanism of complement in controlling adaptive thermogenesis and suggest that targeting the C3aR/C5aR pathways may represent a therapeutic strategy in treating obesity-related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ran Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liliqiang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Ping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ze-Bei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Rong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping-Jin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Artemniak-Wojtowicz D, Kucharska AM, Stelmaszczyk-Emmel A, Majcher A, Pyrżak B. Changes of Peripheral Th17 Cells Subset in Overweight and Obese Children After Body Weight Reduction. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:917402. [PMID: 35873001 PMCID: PMC9299423 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.917402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity has been a growing problem in young patients leading to serious metabolic complications. There are many studies supporting the idea, that obesity should be considered as a chronic inflammation closely associated with immune system alterations. Th17 subpopulation is strongly involved in this process. The aim of our study was to evaluate circulating Th17 cells in overweight and obese children and explore the relationships between Th17 subset and metabolic parameters. METHODS We evaluated peripheral Th17 cells in fresh peripheral blood samples from 27 overweight and obese and 15 normal-weight children. Th17 cells were identified by flow cytometry using monoclonal antibody and intracellular IL-17A staining. Th17 cells were defined as CD3+CD4+CD196+IL-17Aic+. The analysis involved anthropometric and metabolic parameters measured at baseline and three months after the change of lifestyle and diet. We evaluated the relationship between metabolic parameters and Th17 cells. RESULTS In overweight and obese children we found significantly higher Th17 cells percentage compared to normal weight controls (median 0.097% (0.044 - 0.289) vs 0.041% (0.023 - 0.099), p = 0.048). The percentage of Th17 cells decreased statistically significantly in children who reduced weight after the intervention (0.210% (0.143 - 0.315) vs 0.039% (0.028 - 0.106), p = 0.004). In this group we also noticed statistically significant reduction of TC and LDL-C concentration (p = 0.01, p = 0.04, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Obesity in children is associated with increased percentage of peripheral Th17 cells. Weight reduction leads to significant decrease of circulating Th17 cells and improvement of lipid parameters. This significant reduction of proinflammatory Th17 cells is a promising finding suggesting that obesity-induced inflammation in children could be relatively easily reversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Artemniak-Wojtowicz
- Department of Pediatrics and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- *Correspondence: Dorota Artemniak-Wojtowicz, ; Anna M. Kucharska,
| | - Anna M. Kucharska
- Department of Pediatrics and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- *Correspondence: Dorota Artemniak-Wojtowicz, ; Anna M. Kucharska,
| | - Anna Stelmaszczyk-Emmel
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Majcher
- Department of Pediatrics and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Pyrżak
- Department of Pediatrics and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Ghanemi A, Yoshioka M, St-Amand J. Impact of Adiposity and Fat Distribution, Rather Than Obesity, on Antibodies as an Illustration of Weight-Loss-Independent Exercise Benefits. MEDICINES 2021; 8:medicines8100057. [PMID: 34677486 PMCID: PMC8537631 DOI: 10.3390/medicines8100057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity represents a risk factor for a variety of diseases because of its inflammatory component, among other biological patterns. Recently, with the ongoing COVID-19 crisis, a special focus has been put on obesity as a status in which antibody production, among other immune functions, is impaired, which would impact both disease pathogenesis and vaccine efficacy. Within this piece of writing, we illustrate that such patterns would be due to the increased adiposity and fat distribution pattern rather than obesity (as defined by the body mass index) itself. Within this context, we also highlight the importance of the weight-loss-independent effects of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaziz Ghanemi
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (A.G.); (M.Y.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Mayumi Yoshioka
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (A.G.); (M.Y.)
| | - Jonny St-Amand
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (A.G.); (M.Y.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Correspondence:
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4
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Abstract
The adipose tissue has been recognized as an active organ involved in numerous metabolic, hormonal and immunological processes. Obesity and associated chronic inflammation leads to many metabolic and autoimmune disorders. The number of cells, their phenotype and distribution in adipose tissue depends on the degree of obesity. Polarization of macrophages towards M1, neutrophils influx to adipose tissue, activation of Th1 and Th17 cells and increased level of proinflammatory cytokines are characteristic for obesity-induced inflammation. Several mechanisms, such as adipocytes’ hypoxia, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, impairment of PPAR receptors, inflammasomes’ activation and activation of TLR are involved into development of chronic obesity-induced inflammation. A better understanding of this processes can provide new treatments for obesity and related disorders.
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Majdoubi A, Lee JS, Kishta OA, Balood M, Moulefera MA, Ishido S, Talbot S, Cheong C, Alquier T, Thibodeau J. Lack of the E3 Ubiquitin Ligase March1 Affects CD8 T Cell Fate and Exacerbates Insulin Resistance in Obese Mice. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1953. [PMID: 32973799 PMCID: PMC7461985 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. However, the mechanisms that trigger the underlying adipose tissues inflammation are not completely understood. Here, we show that the E3 ubiquitin ligase March1 controls the phenotypic and functional properties of CD8+ T cells in mice white adipose tissue. In a diet-induced obesity model, mice lacking March1 [March1 knockout (KO)] show increased insulin resistance compared to their WT counterparts. Also, in obese March1 KO mice, the proportions of effector/memory (Tem) and resident/memory (Trm) CD8+ T cells were higher in the visceral adipose tissue, but not in the spleen. The effect of March1 on insulin resistance and on the phenotype of adipose tissue CD8+ T cells was independent of major histocompatibility complex class II ubiquitination. Interestingly, we adoptively transferred either WT or March1 KO splenic CD8+ T cells into obese WT chimeras that had been reconstituted with Rag1-deficient bone marrow. We observed an enrichment of Tem and Trm cells and exacerbated insulin resistance in mice that received March1 KO CD8 T cells. Mechanistically, we found that March1 deficiency alters the metabolic activity of CD8+ T cells. Our results provide additional evidence of the involvement of CD8+ T cells in adipose tissue inflammation and suggest that March1 controls the metabolic reprogramming of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelilah Majdoubi
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jun Seong Lee
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Osama A Kishta
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mohammad Balood
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Satoshi Ishido
- Department of Microbiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Sébastien Talbot
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Cheolho Cheong
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Thierry Alquier
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal Diabetes Research Center, and Département de Médicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jacques Thibodeau
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Leptin: an unappreciated key player in SLE. Clin Rheumatol 2019; 39:305-317. [PMID: 31707542 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-019-04831-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Leptin is the forerunner of the adipokine superfamily and plays a key role in regulating energy expenditure and neuroendocrine function. Researches into leptin put emphasize not only on the metabolic role but also its immunoregulatory effect on immune response through immunocyte activation and cytokine secretion. Leptin acts on receptors that are widespread throughout the body and that are expressed across many tissue types. As a consequence, the abnormal expression of leptin has been found to correlate with a number of diseases, including cancers, autoimmune diseases, and cardiovascular diseases. The significance of leptin in the development of autoimmune diseases is becoming increasingly prominent. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a severe atypical autoimmune disease that causes damage to multiple organ systems. It is characterised by the following: impaired clearance of apoptotic cells, loss of tolerance to self-antigens, aberrant activation of T cells and B cells, and chronic inflammation. The heightened immunocyte response in SLE means that these physiological systems are particularly vulnerable to regulation by leptin in addition to being of great significance to the research field. Our current review provides insight into the regulatory roles that leptin plays on immune effector cells in SLE.
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Saxton SN, Clark BJ, Withers SB, Eringa EC, Heagerty AM. Mechanistic Links Between Obesity, Diabetes, and Blood Pressure: Role of Perivascular Adipose Tissue. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:1701-1763. [PMID: 31339053 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00034.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is increasingly prevalent and is associated with substantial cardiovascular risk. Adipose tissue distribution and morphology play a key role in determining the degree of adverse effects, and a key factor in the disease process appears to be the inflammatory cell population in adipose tissue. Healthy adipose tissue secretes a number of vasoactive adipokines and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and changes to this secretory profile will contribute to pathogenesis in obesity. In this review, we discuss the links between adipokine dysregulation and the development of hypertension and diabetes and explore the potential for manipulating adipose tissue morphology and its immune cell population to improve cardiovascular health in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie N Saxton
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom; and Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ben J Clark
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom; and Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sarah B Withers
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom; and Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Etto C Eringa
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom; and Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anthony M Heagerty
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom; and Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Hafidi ME, Buelna-Chontal M, Sánchez-Muñoz F, Carbó R. Adipogenesis: A Necessary but Harmful Strategy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153657. [PMID: 31357412 PMCID: PMC6696444 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is considered to significantly increase the risk of the development of a vast range of metabolic diseases. However, adipogenesis is a complex physiological process, necessary to sequester lipids effectively to avoid lipotoxicity in other tissues, like the liver, heart, muscle, essential for maintaining metabolic homeostasis and has a crucial role as a component of the innate immune system, far beyond than only being an inert mass of energy storage. In pathophysiological conditions, adipogenesis promotes a pro-inflammatory state, angiogenesis and the release of adipokines, which become dangerous to health. It results in a hypoxic state, causing oxidative stress and the synthesis and release of harmful free fatty acids. In this review, we try to explain the mechanisms occurring at the breaking point, at which adipogenesis leads to an uncontrolled lipotoxicity. This review highlights the types of adipose tissue and their functions, their way of storing lipids until a critical point, which is associated with hypoxia, inflammation, insulin resistance as well as lipodystrophy and adipogenesis modulation by Krüppel-like factors and miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed El Hafidi
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", México City 14080, Mexico
| | - Mabel Buelna-Chontal
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", México City 14080, Mexico
| | - Fausto Sánchez-Muñoz
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", México City 14080, Mexico
| | - Roxana Carbó
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", México City 14080, Mexico.
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9
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Frydrych LM, Bian G, O'Lone DE, Ward PA, Delano MJ. Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus drive immune dysfunction, infection development, and sepsis mortality. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 104:525-534. [PMID: 30066958 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.5vmr0118-021rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) are global pandemics. Worldwide, the prevalence of obesity has nearly tripled since 1975 and the prevalence of T2D has almost doubled since 1980. Both obesity and T2D are indolent and chronic diseases that develop gradually, with cellular physiologic changes occurring before the clinical signs and symptoms of the diseases become apparent. Individuals with obesity and T2D are physiologically frail and have an increased risk of infections and mortality from sepsis. Improvement in the morbidity and mortality of these at-risk populations would provide a great societal benefit. We believe that the worsened outcomes observed in these patient populations is due to immune system dysfunction that is triggered by the chronic low-grade inflammation present in both diseases. As immune modulatory therapies have been utilized in other chronic inflammatory diseases, there is an emerging role for immune modulatory therapies that target the chronically affected immune pathways in obese and T2D patients. Additionally, bariatric surgery is currently the most successful treatment for obesity and is the only weight loss method that also causes a sustained, substantial improvement of T2D. Consequently, bariatric surgery may also have a role in improving immunity in these patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn M Frydrych
- Department of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Guowu Bian
- Department of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - David E O'Lone
- Department of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Peter A Ward
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Matthew J Delano
- Department of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Le Jemtel TH, Samson R, Milligan G, Jaiswal A, Oparil S. Visceral Adipose Tissue Accumulation and Residual Cardiovascular Risk. Curr Hypertens Rep 2018; 20:77. [PMID: 29992362 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-018-0880-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Low-grade systemic inflammation increases residual cardiovascular risk. The pathogenesis of low-grade systemic inflammation is not well understood. RECENT FINDINGS Visceral adipose tissue accumulates when the subcutaneous adipose tissue can no longer store excess nutrients. Visceral adipose tissue inflammation initially facilitates storage of nutrients but with time become maladaptive and responsible for low-grade systemic inflammation. Control of low-grade systemic inflammation requires reversal of visceral adipose tissue accumulation with intense and sustained aerobic exercise or bariatric surgery. Alternatively, pharmacologic inhibition of the inflammatory signaling pathway may be considered. Reversal visceral adipose tissue accumulation lowers residual cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry H Le Jemtel
- Division of Cardiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-48, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| | - Rohan Samson
- Division of Cardiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-48, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Gregory Milligan
- Division of Cardiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-48, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Abhishek Jaiswal
- Department of Cardiology, Hartford Hospital, 85 Jefferson Street, Suite 208, Hartford, CT, 06106, USA
| | - Suzanne Oparil
- Vascular Biology and Hypertension Program, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
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Roselli M, Devirgiliis C, Zinno P, Guantario B, Finamore A, Rami R, Perozzi G. Impact of supplementation with a food-derived microbial community on obesity-associated inflammation and gut microbiota composition. GENES AND NUTRITION 2017; 12:25. [PMID: 29043005 PMCID: PMC5628415 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-017-0583-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Obesity is a complex pathology associated with dysbiosis, metabolic alterations, and low-grade chronic inflammation promoted by immune cells, infiltrating and populating the adipose tissue. Probiotic supplementation was suggested to be capable of counteracting obesity-associated immune and microbial alterations, based on its proven immunomodulatory activity and positive effect on gut microbial balance. Traditional fermented foods represent a natural source of live microbes, including environmental strains with probiotic features, which could transiently colonise the gut. The aim of our work was to evaluate the impact of supplementation with a complex foodborne bacterial consortium on obesity-associated inflammation and gut microbiota composition in a mouse model. Methods C57BL/6J mice fed a 45% high fat diet (HFD) for 90 days were supplemented with a mixture of foodborne lactic acid bacteria derived from the traditional fermented dairy product “Mozzarella di Bufala Campana” (MBC) or with the commercial probiotic GG strain of Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LGG). Inflammation was assessed in epididymal white adipose tissue (WAT) following HFD. Faecal microbiota composition was studied by next-generation sequencing. Results Significant reduction of epididymal WAT weight was observed in MBC-treated, as compared to LGG and control, animals. Serum metabolic profiling showed correspondingly reduced levels of triglycerides and higher levels of HDL cholesterol, as well as a trend toward reduction of LDL-cholesterol levels. Analysis of the principal leucocyte subpopulations in epididymal WAT revealed increased regulatory T cells and CD4+ cells in MBC microbiota-supplemented mice, as well as decreased macrophage and CD8+ cell numbers, suggesting anti-inflammatory effects. These results were associated with lower levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in WAT explants. Faecal bacterial profiling demonstrated increased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio in all mice groups following HFD. Conclusions Taken together, these results indicate a protective effect of MBC microbiota supplementation toward HFD-induced fat accumulation and triglyceride and cholesterol levels, as well as inflammation, suggesting a stronger effect of a mixed microbial consortium vs single-strain probiotic supplementation. The immunomodulatory activity exerted by the MBC microbiota could be due to synergistic interactions within the microbial consortium, highlighting the important role of dietary microbes with yet uncharacterised probiotic effect. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12263-017-0583-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Roselli
- Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Devirgiliis
- Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Zinno
- Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Guantario
- Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Finamore
- Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Rami
- Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuditta Perozzi
- Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy
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