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Maimone NM, Apaza-Castillo GA, Quecine MC, de Lira SP. Accessing the specialized metabolome of actinobacteria from the bulk soil of Paullinia cupana Mart. on the Brazilian Amazon: a promising source of bioactive compounds against soybean phytopathogens. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:1863-1882. [PMID: 38421597 PMCID: PMC11153476 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01286-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The Amazon rainforest, an incredibly biodiverse ecosystem, has been increasingly vulnerable to deforestation. Despite its undeniable importance and potential, the Amazonian microbiome has historically received limited study, particularly in relation to its unique arsenal of specialized metabolites. Therefore, in this study our aim was to assess the metabolic diversity and the antifungal activity of actinobacterial strains isolated from the bulk soil of Paullinia cupana, a native crop, in the Brazilian Amazon Rainforest. Extracts from 24 strains were subjected to UPLC-MS/MS analysis using an integrative approach that relied on the Chemical Structural and Compositional Similarity (CSCS) metric, GNPS molecular networking, and in silico dereplication tools. This procedure allowed the comprehensive understanding of the chemical space encompassed by these actinobacteria, which consists of features belonging to known bioactive metabolite classes and several unannotated molecular families. Among the evaluated strains, five isolates exhibited bioactivity against a panel of soybean fungal phytopathogens (Rhizoctonia solani, Macrophomina phaseolina, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum). A focused inspection led to the annotation of pepstatins, oligomycins, hydroxamate siderophores and dorrigocins as metabolites produced by these bioactive strains, with potentially unknown compounds also comprising their metabolomes. This study introduces a pragmatic protocol grounded in established and readily available tools for the annotation of metabolites and the prioritization of strains to optimize further isolation of specialized metabolites. Conclusively, we demonstrate the relevance of the Amazonian actinobacteria as sources for bioactive metabolites useful for agriculture. We also emphasize the importance of preserving this biome and conducting more in-depth studies on its microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naydja Moralles Maimone
- College of Agriculture "Luiz de Queiroz", Department of Exact Sciences, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Gladys Angélica Apaza-Castillo
- College of Agriculture "Luiz de Queiroz", Department of Genetics, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Maria Carolina Quecine
- College of Agriculture "Luiz de Queiroz", Department of Genetics, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Simone Possedente de Lira
- College of Agriculture "Luiz de Queiroz", Department of Exact Sciences, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil.
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2
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Guo C, Nolan EM. Exploring the Antibacterial Activity and Cellular Fates of Enterobactin-Drug Conjugates That Target Gram-Negative Bacterial Pathogens. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:1046-1056. [PMID: 38483177 PMCID: PMC11258919 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Siderophores are secondary metabolites utilized by bacteria to acquire iron (Fe), an essential transition metal nutrient. Fe levels in the host environment are tightly regulated and can be further restricted to starve invading bacterial pathogens in a host-defense process known as nutritional immunity. To survive and colonize the Fe-limited host environment, bacteria produce siderophores and express cognate siderophore transport machinery. These active transport pathways present an opportunity for selective and efficient drug delivery into bacterial cells, motivating decades of research on synthetic siderophore-antibiotic conjugates (SACs) as a Trojan-horse strategy for the development of targeted antibiotics.Enterobactin (Ent) is a triscatecholate siderophore produced and utilized by many Gram-negative bacteria, including all Escherichia coli and Salmonella species. Within these species, pathogenic strains cause a variety of human diseases including urinary tract infections, gastroenteritis, and sepsis. Infections caused by these Gram-negative pathogens can be difficult to treat because of the impermeability of the outer membrane (OM). This impermeability can be overcome by utilizing siderophores as drug delivery vectors for targeting Gram-negative pathogens. Ent is a promising delivery vector because it undergoes active transport across the OM mediated by the Ent uptake machinery after scavenging Fe(III) from the extracellular environment. Despite the well-elucidated chemistry and biology of Ent, its use for SAC development was hampered by the lack of an appropriate functional group for cargo attachment. Our laboratory addressed this need by designing and synthesizing monofunctionalized Ent scaffolds. Over the past decade, we have used these scaffolds to explore Ent-based SACs with a variety of drug warheads, including β-lactam and fluoroquinolone antibiotics, and Pt(IV) prodrugs. Investigations of the antibacterial activities of these conjugates and their cellular fates have informed our design principles and revealed approaches to achieving enhanced antibacterial potency and pathogen-targeted activity. Collectively, our studies of Ent-drug conjugates have provided discoveries, understanding, and invaluable insights for future design and evaluation of SACs.In this Account, we present the story of our work on Ent-drug conjugates that began about ten years ago with the development of monofunctionalized Ent scaffolds and the design and synthesis of various conjugates based on these scaffolds. We describe the antibacterial activity profiles and uptake pathways of Ent-drug conjugates harboring traditional antibiotics and repurposed platinum anticancer agents as well as studies that address cellular targets and fates. Finally, we discuss other applications of monofunctionalized Ent scaffolds, including a siderophore-based immunization strategy. We intend for this Account to inspire further investigations into the fundamental understanding and translational applications of siderophores and siderophore-drug conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuchu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Nolan
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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3
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Caradec T, Anoz-Carbonell E, Petrov R, Billamboz M, Antraygues K, Cantrelle FX, Boll E, Beury D, Hot D, Drobecq H, Trivelli X, Hartkoorn RC. A Novel Natural Siderophore Antibiotic Conjugate Reveals a Chemical Approach to Macromolecule Coupling. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2023; 9:2138-2149. [PMID: 38033789 PMCID: PMC10683483 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c00965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by natural sideromycins, the conjugation of antibiotics to siderophores is an attractive strategy to facilitate "Trojan horse" delivery of antibiotics into bacteria. Genome analysis of a soil bacterium, Dactylosporangium fulvum, found a "hybrid" biosynthetic gene cluster responsible for the production of both an antibiotic, pyridomycin, and a novel chlorocatechol-containing siderophore named chlorodactyloferrin. While both of these natural products were synthesized independently, analysis of the culture supernatant also identified a conjugate of both molecules. We then found that the addition of ferric iron to purified chlorodactyloferrin and pyridomycin instigated their conjugation, leading to the formation of a covalent bond between the siderophore-catechol and the pyridomycin-pyridine groups. Using model reactants, this iron-based reaction was found to proceed through a Michael-type addition reaction, where ferric iron oxidizes the siderophore-catechol group into its quinone form, which is then attacked by the antibiotic pyridyl-nitrogen to form the catechol-pyridinium linkage. These findings prompted us to explore if other "cargo" molecules could be attached to chlorodactyloferrin in a similar manner, and this was indeed confirmed with a pyridine-substituted TAMRA fluorophore as well as with pyridine-substituted penicillin, rifampicin, and norfloxacin antibiotic analogues. The resultant biomimetic conjugates were demonstrated to effectively enter a number of bacteria, with TAMRA-chlorodactyloferrin conjugates causing fluorescent labeling of the bacteria, and with penicillin and rifampicin conjugates eliciting antibiotic activity. These findings open up new opportunities for the design and facile synthesis of a novel class of biomimetic siderophore conjugates with antibiotic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Caradec
- Université
Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and
Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Ernesto Anoz-Carbonell
- Université
Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and
Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Ravil Petrov
- Université
Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and
Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Muriel Billamboz
- Université
Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related
Diseases, F-59000 Lille, France
- JUNIA,
Health and Environment, Laboratory of Sustainable
Chemistry and Health, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Kevin Antraygues
- Université
Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Francois-Xavier Cantrelle
- Université
Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related
Diseases, F-59000 Lille, France
- CNRS, EMR9002
BSI Integrative Structural Biology, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Emmanuelle Boll
- Université
Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related
Diseases, F-59000 Lille, France
- CNRS, EMR9002
BSI Integrative Structural Biology, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Delphine Beury
- Université
Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR2014 - US41 - PLBS-Plateformes Lilloises de Biologie
& Santé, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - David Hot
- Université
Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR2014 - US41 - PLBS-Plateformes Lilloises de Biologie
& Santé, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Herve Drobecq
- Université
Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and
Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Xavier Trivelli
- Université
Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, Université d’Artois, FR 2638 - IMEC - Institut Michel-Eugène Chevreul, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Ruben C. Hartkoorn
- Université
Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and
Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
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4
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Abstract
TonB-dependent transporters (TBDTs) are present in all gram-negative bacteria and mediate energy-dependent uptake of molecules that are too scarce or large to be taken up efficiently by outer membrane (OM) diffusion channels. This process requires energy that is derived from the proton motive force and delivered to TBDTs by the TonB-ExbBD motor complex in the inner membrane. Together with the need to preserve the OM permeability barrier, this has led to an extremely complex and fascinating transport mechanism for which the fundamentals, despite decades of research, are still unclear. In this review, we describe our current understanding of the transport mechanism of TBDTs, their potential role in the delivery of novel antibiotics, and the important contributions made by TBDT-associated (lipo)proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augustinas Silale
- Biosciences Institute, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; ,
| | - Bert van den Berg
- Biosciences Institute, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; ,
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5
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Rodríguez D, González-Bello C. Siderophores: Chemical Tools for Precise Antibiotic Delivery. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 87:129282. [PMID: 37031730 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
The success of precision medicine coupled with the disappointing impact of broad-spectrum antibiotic use on microbiome stability and bacterial resistance, has triggered a shift in antibiotic design strategies toward precision antibiotics. This also includes the implementation of novel vectorization approaches directed to improve the internalization of antibacterial agents into deadly gram-negative pathogens through precise and well-defined mechanisms. The conjugation of antibiotics to siderophores (iron scavengers), which are compounds that are able to afford stable iron-complexes that facilitate the internalization into the cell by using bacterial iron uptake pathways as gateways, is a strategy that has begun to show excellent results with the commercialization of the first antibiotic based on this principle, cefiderocol. This digests review provides an overview of the molecular basis for this antibiotic-siderophore conjugation approach, along with recent successful examples and highlights future challenges facing this booming research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Rodríguez
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Jenaro de la Fuente s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Concepción González-Bello
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Jenaro de la Fuente s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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6
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Pandey A, Cao M, Boros E. Tracking Uptake and Metabolism of Xenometallomycins Using a Multi-Isotope Tagging Strategy. ACS Infect Dis 2022; 8:878-888. [PMID: 35319188 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic and naturally occurring siderophores and their conjugates provide access to the bacterial cytoplasm via active membrane transport. Previously, we displaced iron with the radioactive isotope 67Ga to quantify and track in vitro and in vivo uptake and distribution of siderophore Trojan Horse antibiotic conjugates. Here, we introduce a multi-isotope tagging strategy to individually elucidate the fate of metal cargo and the ligand construct with radioisotopes 67Ga and 124I. We synthesized gallium(III) model complexes of a ciprofloxacin-functionalized linear desferrichrome (Ga-D6) and deferoxamine (Ga-D7) incorporating an iodo-tyrosine linker to enable radiolabeling using the metal-binding (67Ga) and the cargo-conjugation site (124I). Radiochemical experiments with Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa wt strains show that 67Ga-D6/D7 and Ga-D6-124I/D7-124I have comparable uptake, indicating intact complex import and siderophore-mediated uptake. In naive mice, 67Ga-D6/D7 and Ga-D6-124I/D7-124I demonstrate predominantly renal clearance; urine metabolite analysis indicates in vivo dissociation of Ga(III) is a likely mechanism of degradation for 67Ga-D6/D7 when compared to ligand radiolabeled compounds, Ga-D6-124I/D7-124I, which remain >60% intact in urine. Cumulatively, this work demonstrates that a multi-isotope tagging strategy effectively elucidates the in vitro uptake, pharmacokinetics, and in vivo stability of xenometallomycins with modular chemical structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apurva Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Minhua Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Eszter Boros
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
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7
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Klahn P, Zscherp R, Jimidar CC. Advances in the Synthesis of Enterobactin, Artificial Analogues, and Enterobactin-Derived Antimicrobial Drug Conjugates and Imaging Tools for Infection Diagnosis. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1783-0751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIron is an essential growth factor for bacteria, but although highly abundant in nature, its bioavailability during infection in the human host or the environment is limited. Therefore, bacteria produce and secrete siderophores to ensure their supply of iron. The triscatecholate siderophore enterobactin and its glycosylated derivatives, the salmochelins, play a crucial role for iron acquisition in several bacteria. As these compounds can serve as carrier molecules for the design of antimicrobial siderophore drug conjugates as well as siderophore-derived tool compounds for the detection of infections with bacteria, their synthesis and the design of artificial analogues is of interest. In this review, we give an overview on the synthesis of enterobactin, biomimetic as well as totally artificial analogues, and related drug-conjugates covering up to 12/2021.1 Introduction2 Antibiotic Crisis and Sideromycins as Natural Templates for New Antimicrobial Drugs3 Biosynthesis of Enterobactin, Salmochelins, and Microcins4 Total Synthesis of Enterobactin and Salmochelins5 Chemoenzymatic Semi-synthesis of Salmochelins and Microcin E492m Derivatives6 Synthesis of Biomimetic Enterobactin Derivatives with Natural Tris-lactone Backbone7 Synthesis of Artificial Enterobactin Derivatives without Tris-lactone Backbone8 Conclusions
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Klahn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig
- Department for Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg
| | - Robert Zscherp
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig
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8
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Bilal M, El Tabei L, Büsker S, Krauss C, Fuhr U, Taubert M. Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Cefiderocol. Clin Pharmacokinet 2021; 60:1495-1508. [PMID: 34420182 PMCID: PMC8613110 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-021-01063-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cefiderocol is a new broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic with promising activity against various Gram-negative bacteria including carbapenem-resistant strains. A chlorocatechol group in the C-3 side chain provides cefiderocol with a siderophore activity, improving its stability against β-lactamases and facilitating the transportation of cefiderocol across outer bacterial membranes. Cefiderocol shows linear pharmacokinetics over a broad range of clinically relevant doses, with unchanged renal excretion constituting the main route of elimination. Geometric means (coefficient of variation) of the volume of distribution and clearance in individuals with normal kidney function were 15.8 (15%) L and 4.70 (27%) L/h, respectively. In patients with end-stage renal disease, clearance was 1.10 (24%) L/h. Time above the minimum inhibitory concentration is the main predictor of efficacy. There is no evidence for clinically relevant interactions of cefiderocol with other drugs mediated by metabolizing enzymes or drug transporters. Simulations based on population pharmacokinetic modeling suggest that dosing regimens should be adjusted based on kidney function to optimize therapeutic exposure to cefiderocol. Clinical efficacy trials indicated that cefiderocol is non-inferior to imipenem/cilastatin in the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections and acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis, and to meropenem in the treatment of nosocomial pneumonia. In the one study currently available, cefiderocol performed similarly to the best available therapy in the treatment of severe carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative infections regarding clinical and microbiological efficacy. In summary, cefiderocol shows favorable pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties and an acceptable safety profile, suggesting that cefiderocol might be a viable option to treat infections with bacteria resistant to other antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bilal
- Department I of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center for Pharmacology, University of Cologne, Gleueler Straße 24, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lobna El Tabei
- Department I of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center for Pharmacology, University of Cologne, Gleueler Straße 24, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sören Büsker
- Department I of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center for Pharmacology, University of Cologne, Gleueler Straße 24, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian Krauss
- Department I of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center for Pharmacology, University of Cologne, Gleueler Straße 24, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Uwe Fuhr
- Department I of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center for Pharmacology, University of Cologne, Gleueler Straße 24, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Max Taubert
- Department I of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center for Pharmacology, University of Cologne, Gleueler Straße 24, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
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9
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Pandey A, Śmiłowicz D, Boros E. Galbofloxacin: a xenometal-antibiotic with potent in vitro and in vivo efficacy against S. aureus. Chem Sci 2021; 12:14546-14556. [PMID: 34881006 PMCID: PMC8580130 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04283a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Siderophore-antibiotic drug conjugates are considered potent tools to deliver and potentiate the antibacterial activity of antibiotics, but only few have seen preclinical and clinical success. Here, we introduce the gallium(iii) complex of a ciprofloxacin-functionalized linear desferrichrome, Galbofloxacin, with a cleavable serine linker as a potent therapeutic for S. aureus bacterial infections. We employed characterization using in vitro inhibitory assays, radiochemical, tracer-based uptake and pharmacokinetic assessment of our lead compound, culminating in in vivo efficacy studies in a soft tissue model of infection. Galbofloxacin exhibits a minimum inhibitory concentration of (MIC98) 93 nM in wt S. aureus, exceeding the potency of the parent antibiotic ciprofloxacin (0.9 μM). Galbofloxacin is a protease substrate that can release the antibiotic payload in the bacterial cytoplasm. Radiochemical experiments with wt bacterial strains reveal that 67Galbofloxacin is taken up efficiently using siderophore mediated, active uptake. Biodistribution of 67Galbofloxacin in a mouse model of intramuscular S. aureus infection revealed renal clearance and enhanced uptake in infected muscle when compared to 67Ga-citrate, which showed no selectivity. A subsequent in vivo drug therapy study reveals efficient reduction in S. aureus infection burden and sustained survival with Galbofloxacin for 7 days. Ciprofloxacin had no treatment efficacy at identical molecular dose (9.3 μmol kg−1) and resulted in death of all study animals in <24 hours. Taken together, the favorable bacterial growth inhibitory, pharmacokinetic and in vivo efficacy properties qualify Galbofloxacin as the first rationally designed Ga-coordination complex for the management of S. aureus bacterial infections. Galbofloxacin, a novel theranostic xenosiderophore antibiotic, exhibits unparalleled potency in combating S. aureus infections in vivo.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Apurva Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook New York 11790 USA
| | - Dariusz Śmiłowicz
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook New York 11790 USA
| | - Eszter Boros
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook New York 11790 USA
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10
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Bohac TJ, Fang L, Banas VS, Giblin DE, Wencewicz TA. Synthetic Mimics of Native Siderophores Disrupt Iron Trafficking in Acinetobacter baumannii. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:2138-2151. [PMID: 34110766 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Many pathogenic bacteria biosynthesize and excrete small molecule metallophores, known as siderophores, that are used to extract ferric iron from host sources to satisfy nutritional need. Native siderophores are often structurally complex multidentate chelators that selectively form high-affinity octahedral ferric iron complexes with defined chirality recognizable by cognate protein receptors displayed on the bacterial cell surface. Simplified achiral analogues can serve as synthetically tractable siderophore mimics with potential utility as chemical probes and therapeutic agents to better understand and treat bacterial infections, respectively. Here, we demonstrate that synthetic spermidine-derived mixed ligand bis-catecholate monohydroxamate siderophores (compounds 1-3) are versatile structural and biomimetic analogues of two native siderophores, acinetobactin and fimsbactin, produced by Acinetobacter baumannii, a multidrug-resistant Gram-negative human pathogen. The metal-free and ferric iron complexes of the synthetic siderophores are growth-promoting agents of A. baumannii, while the Ga(III)-complexes are potent growth inhibitors of A. baumannii with MIC values <1 μM. The synthetic siderophores compete with native siderophores for uptake in A. baumannii and maintain comparable apparent binding affinities for ferric iron (KFe) and the siderophore-binding protein BauB (Kd). Our findings provide new insight to guide the structural fine-tuning of these compounds as siderophore-based therapeutics targeting pathogenic strains of A. baumannii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabbetha J. Bohac
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Luting Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Victoria S. Banas
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Daryl E. Giblin
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Timothy A. Wencewicz
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
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11
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Nasaruddin NH, Ahmad SN, Sirat SS, Wai TK, Zakaria NA, Bahron H. Structural Characterization, DFT, Hirshfeld Surface Analysis and Antibacterial Activity of a Schiff Base Derived from Cyclohexanediamine. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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12
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Miller MJ, Liu R. Design and Syntheses of New Antibiotics Inspired by Nature's Quest for Iron in an Oxidative Climate. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:1646-1661. [PMID: 33684288 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This Account describes fundamental chemistry that promoted the discovery of new antibiotics. Specifically, the NH acidity of simple hydroxamic acid derivatives facilitated the syntheses of novel β-lactams (oxamazins and monobactams), siderophore mimics that limit bacterial iron uptake and bacterially targeted sideromycins (siderophore-antibiotic conjugates). The development of resistance to our current limited set of antibiotic scaffolds has created a dire medical situation. As recently stated, "if you weren't taking antibiotic resistance seriously before, now would be a good time to start." A project commissioned by the British government (https://amr-review.org/) has released estimates of the near-future global toll of antibiotic resistance that are jaw-dropping in their seriousness and scale: 10 million deaths per year and at least $100 trillion in sacrificed gross national product. The 2020 COVID pandemic confirmed that infectious disease problems are no longer localized but worldwide. Many classical antibiotics, especially β-lactams, previously provided economical cures, but the evolution of antibiotic destructive enzymes (i.e., β-lactamases), efflux pumps, and bacterial cell wall permeability barriers has made many types of bacteria, especially Gram-negative strains, resistant. Still, and in contrast to other therapies, the public expectation is that any new antibiotic must be inexpensive. This creates market limitations that have caused most major pharmaceutical companies to abandon antibiotic research. Much needs to be done to address this significant problem.The critical need for bacteria to sequester essential iron provides an Achilles' heel for new antibiotic development. Although ferric iron is extremely insoluble, bacteria need micromolar intracellular concentrations for growth and virulence. To this end, they biosynthesize siderophores (Gr. iron bearer) and excrete them into their environment, where they bind iron with high affinity. The iron complexes are recognized by specific outer-membrane transporters, and once actively internalized, the iron is released for essential processes. To conserve biosynthetic energy, some bacteria recognize and utilize siderophores made by competing strains. As a counter-revolution in the never-ending fight for survival, bacteria have also evolved sideromycins, which are siderophores conjugated to warheads that are lethal to rogue bacteria. While none are now used therapeutically, natural sideromycins called albomycins have been used clinically, and others have been shown to be well tolerated and active in animal infection models. Herein we describe practical methods to synthesize new antibiotics and artificial sideromycins with the generalized structure shown above (siderophore-linker drug). Utilizing the molecular-recognition-based siderophore/sideromycin bacterial assimilation processes, it is possible to design both broad spectrum and exquisitely narrow spectrum (targeted) sideromycins and even repurpose older or more classical antibiotics. Relevant microbiological assays, in vivo animal infection studies, and the recent FDA approval of cefiderocol demonstrate their effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin J. Miller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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13
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Travin DY, Severinov K, Dubiley S. Natural Trojan horse inhibitors of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. RSC Chem Biol 2021; 2:468-485. [PMID: 34382000 PMCID: PMC8323819 DOI: 10.1039/d0cb00208a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
For most antimicrobial compounds with intracellular targets, getting inside the cell is the major obstacle limiting their activity. To pass this barrier some antibiotics mimic the compounds of specific interest for the microbe (siderophores, peptides, carbohydrates, etc.) and hijack the transport systems involved in their active uptake followed by the release of a toxic warhead inside the cell. In this review, we summarize the information about the structures, biosynthesis, and transport of natural inhibitors of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (albomycin, microcin C-related compounds, and agrocin 84) that rely on such "Trojan horse" strategy to enter the cell. In addition, we provide new data on the composition and distribution of biosynthetic gene clusters reminiscent of those coding for known Trojan horse aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases inhibitors. The products of these clusters are likely new antimicrobials that warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitrii Y Travin
- Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Moscow Russia
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia
| | - Konstantin Severinov
- Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Moscow Russia
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia
- Waksman Institute for Microbiology, Rutgers, Piscataway New Jersey USA
| | - Svetlana Dubiley
- Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Moscow Russia
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia
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14
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Alharthi S, Alavi SE, Moyle PM, Ziora ZM. Sortase A (SrtA) inhibitors as an alternative treatment for superbug infections. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:2164-2172. [PMID: 33781954 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Virulence factor, sortase A (SrtA), has crucial roles in the pathogenesis of Gram-positive superbugs. SrtA is a bacterial cell membrane enzyme that anchors crucial virulence factors to the cell wall surface of Gram-positive bacteria. SrtA is not necessary for bacterial growth and viability and is conveniently accessible in the cell membrane; therefore, it is an ideal target for antivirulence drug development. In this review, we focus on antimicrobial resistance (AMR)-expressing bacteria and SrtA as a potential target for overcoming AMR. The mechanism of action of SrtA and its inhibition by various types of inhibitors, such as synthetic small molecules, peptides, and natural products, are provided. Future SrtA research perspectives for alternative drug development to antibiotics are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitah Alharthi
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Qld 4102, Australia; Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Seyed Ebrahim Alavi
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Qld 4102, Australia
| | - Peter Michael Moyle
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Qld 4102, Australia.
| | - Zyta Maria Ziora
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia.
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15
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Sargun A, Johnstone TC, Zhi H, Raffatellu M, Nolan EM. Enterobactin- and salmochelin-β-lactam conjugates induce cell morphologies consistent with inhibition of penicillin-binding proteins in uropathogenic Escherichia coli CFT073. Chem Sci 2021; 12:4041-4056. [PMID: 34163675 PMCID: PMC8179508 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04337k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The design and synthesis of narrow-spectrum antibiotics that target a specific bacterial strain, species, or group of species is a promising strategy for treating bacterial infections when the causative agent is known. In this work, we report the synthesis and evaluation of four new siderophore-β-lactam conjugates where the broad-spectrum β-lactam antibiotics cephalexin (Lex) and meropenem (Mem) are covalently attached to either enterobactin (Ent) or diglucosylated Ent (DGE) via a stable polyethylene glycol (PEG3) linker. These siderophore-β-lactam conjugates showed enhanced minimum inhibitory concentrations against Escherichia coli compared to the parent antibiotics. Uptake studies with uropathogenic E. coli CFT073 demonstrated that the DGE-β-lactams target the pathogen-associated catecholate siderophore receptor IroN. A comparative analysis of siderophore-β-lactams harboring ampicillin (Amp), Lex and Mem indicated that the DGE-Mem conjugate is advantageous because it targets IroN and exhibits low minimum inhibitory concentrations, fast time-kill kinetics, and enhanced stability to serine β-lactamases. Phase-contrast and fluorescence imaging of E. coli treated with the siderophore-β-lactam conjugates revealed cellular morphologies consistent with the inhibition of penicillin-binding proteins PBP3 (Ent/DGE-Amp/Lex) and PBP2 (Ent/DGE-Mem). Overall, this work illuminates the uptake and cell-killing activity of Ent- and DGE-β-lactam conjugates against E. coli and supports that native siderophore scaffolds provide the opportunity for narrowing the activity spectrum of antibiotics in clinical use and targeting pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Sargun
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA +1-617-452-2495
| | - Timothy C Johnstone
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA +1-617-452-2495
| | - Hui Zhi
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Manuela Raffatellu
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
- Chiba University-UC San Diego Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy, and Vaccines La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Elizabeth M Nolan
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA +1-617-452-2495
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16
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Boyce JH, Dang B, Ary B, Edmondson Q, Craik CS, DeGrado WF, Seiple IB. Platform to Discover Protease-Activated Antibiotics and Application to Siderophore-Antibiotic Conjugates. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:21310-21321. [PMID: 33301681 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c06987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Here we present a platform for discovery of protease-activated prodrugs and apply it to antibiotics that target Gram-negative bacteria. Because cleavable linkers for prodrugs had not been developed for bacterial proteases, we used substrate phage to discover substrates for proteases found in the bacterial periplasm. Rather than focusing on a single protease, we used a periplasmic extract of E. coli to find sequences with the greatest susceptibility to the endogenous mixture of periplasmic proteases. Using a fluorescence assay, candidate sequences were evaluated to identify substrates that release native amine-containing payloads. We next designed conjugates consisting of (1) an N-terminal siderophore to facilitate uptake, (2) a protease-cleavable linker, and (3) an amine-containing antibiotic. Using this strategy, we converted daptomycin-which by itself is active only against Gram-positive bacteria-into an antibiotic capable of targeting Gram-negative Acinetobacter species. We similarly demonstrated siderophore-facilitated delivery of oxazolidinone and macrolide antibiotics into a number of Gram-negative species. These results illustrate this platform's utility for development of protease-activated prodrugs, including Trojan horse antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan H Boyce
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, United States.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Bobo Dang
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China.,Center for Infectious Disease Research, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China.,Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Beatrice Ary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Quinn Edmondson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Charles S Craik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - William F DeGrado
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, United States.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Ian B Seiple
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, United States.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
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17
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Yang Y, Babich O, Sukhikh S, Zimina M, Milentyeva I. Antibiotic activity and resistance of lactic acid bacteria and other antagonistic bacteriocin-producing microorganisms. FOODS AND RAW MATERIALS 2020. [DOI: 10.21603/2308-4057-2020-2-377-384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Increased resistance of microorganisms to traditional antibiotics has created a practical need for isolating and synthesizing new antibiotics. We aimed to study the antibiotic activity and resistance of bacteriocins produced by lactic acid bacteria and other microorganisms.
Study objects and methods. We studied the isolates of the following microorganism strains: Bacillus subtilis, Penicillium glabrum, Penicillium lagena, Pseudomonas koreenis, Penicillium ochrochloron, Leuconostoc lactis, Lactobacillus plantarum, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Pediococcus acidilactici, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus fermentum, Bacteroides hypermegas, Bacteroides ruminicola, Pediococcus damnosus, Bacteroides paurosaccharolyticus, Halobacillus profundi, Geobacillus stearothermophilus, and Bacillus caldotenax. Pathogenic test strains included Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus mycoides, Alcaligenes faecalis, and Proteus vulgaris. The titer of microorganisms was determined by optical density measurements at 595 nm.
Results and discussion. We found that eleven microorganisms out of twenty showed high antimicrobial activity against all test strains of pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms. All the Bacteroides strains exhibited little antimicrobial activity against Gramnegative test strains, while Halobacillus profundi had an inhibitory effect on Gram-positive species only. The Penicillium strains also displayed a slight antimicrobial effect on pathogenic test strains.
Conclusion. The antibiotic resistance of the studied lactic acid bacteria and other bacteriocin-producing microorganisms allows for their use in the production of pharmaceutical antibiotic drugs.
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18
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Wagstaff JM, Balmforth M, Lewis N, Dods R, Rowland C, van Rietschoten K, Chen L, Harrison H, Skynner MJ, Dawson M, Ivanova-Berndt G, Beswick P. An Assay for Periplasm Entry Advances the Development of Chimeric Peptide Antibiotics. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:2355-2361. [PMID: 32697574 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of infection by Gram-negative bacteria is increasingly challenging as resistance to existing antibiotics spreads. Constrained peptides, selected for high target specificity and affinity via library display technologies, are an emerging therapeutic modality in many disease areas and may be a fertile source of new antibiotics. Currently, the utility of constrained peptides and other large molecules as antibiotics is limited by the outer membrane (OM) barrier of Gram-negative bacteria. However, the addition of certain moieties to large molecules can confer the ability to cross the OM; these moieties function as intramolecular trans-OM "vectors". Here, we present a method to systematically assess the carrying capacity of candidate trans-OM vectors using a real-time luminescence assay ("SLALOM", Split Luciferase Assay for Live monitoring of Outer Membrane transit), reporting on periplasmic entry. We demonstrate the usefulness of our tools by constructing a 3800 Da chimeric compound composed of a constrained bicyclic peptide (Bicycle) with a periplasmic target, linked to an intramolecular peptide vector; the resulting chimera is a broad-spectrum inhibitor of pathogenic Gram-negative bacterial growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M. Wagstaff
- Bicycle Therapeutics, B900 Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Balmforth
- Bicycle Therapeutics, B900 Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Nick Lewis
- Bicycle Therapeutics, B900 Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Dods
- Bicycle Therapeutics, B900 Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Rowland
- Bicycle Therapeutics, B900 Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom
| | | | - Liuhong Chen
- Bicycle Therapeutics, B900 Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Harrison
- Bicycle Therapeutics, B900 Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J. Skynner
- Bicycle Therapeutics, B900 Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Dawson
- Bicycle Therapeutics, B900 Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom
| | | | - Paul Beswick
- Bicycle Therapeutics, B900 Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom
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19
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Chiu C, Jheng T, Peng B, Chung W, Mong KT. Convergent Synthesis of Macrocyclic and Linear Desferrioxamines. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng‐Hsin Chiu
- Applied Chemistry Department National Chiao Tung University 1001, University Road R.O.C. 30069 Hsinchu City Taiwan
| | - Ting‐Cian Jheng
- Applied Chemistry Department National Chiao Tung University 1001, University Road R.O.C. 30069 Hsinchu City Taiwan
| | - Bo‐Chun Peng
- Applied Chemistry Department National Chiao Tung University 1001, University Road R.O.C. 30069 Hsinchu City Taiwan
| | - Wen‐Sheng Chung
- Applied Chemistry Department National Chiao Tung University 1001, University Road R.O.C. 30069 Hsinchu City Taiwan
| | - Kwok‐Kong Tony Mong
- Applied Chemistry Department National Chiao Tung University 1001, University Road R.O.C. 30069 Hsinchu City Taiwan
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20
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Fisher JF, Mobashery S. Constructing and deconstructing the bacterial cell wall. Protein Sci 2020; 29:629-646. [PMID: 31747090 PMCID: PMC7021008 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The history of modern medicine cannot be written apart from the history of the antibiotics. Antibiotics are cytotoxic secondary metabolites that are isolated from Nature. The antibacterial antibiotics disproportionately target bacterial protein structure that is distinct from eukaryotic protein structure, notably within the ribosome and within the pathways for bacterial cell-wall biosynthesis (for which there is not a eukaryotic counterpart). This review focuses on a pre-eminent class of antibiotics-the β-lactams, exemplified by the penicillins and cephalosporins-from the perspective of the evolving mechanisms for bacterial resistance. The mechanism of action of the β-lactams is bacterial cell-wall destruction. In the monoderm (single membrane, Gram-positive staining) pathogen Staphylococcus aureus the dominant resistance mechanism is expression of a β-lactam-unreactive transpeptidase enzyme that functions in cell-wall construction. In the diderm (dual membrane, Gram-negative staining) pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa a dominant resistance mechanism (among several) is expression of a hydrolytic enzyme that destroys the critical β-lactam ring of the antibiotic. The key sensing mechanism used by P. aeruginosa is monitoring the molecular difference between cell-wall construction and cell-wall deconstruction. In both bacteria, the resistance pathways are manifested only when the bacteria detect the presence of β-lactams. This review summarizes how the β-lactams are sensed and how the resistance mechanisms are manifested, with the expectation that preventing these processes will be critical to future chemotherapeutic control of multidrug resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jed F. Fisher
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Notre DameSouth BendIndiana
| | - Shahriar Mobashery
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Notre DameSouth BendIndiana
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21
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Antibiotic repurposing: bis-catechol- and mixed ligand (bis-catechol-mono-hydroxamate)-teicoplanin conjugates are active against multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2019; 73:152-157. [DOI: 10.1038/s41429-019-0268-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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22
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Pandey A, Savino C, Ahn SH, Yang Z, Van Lanen SG, Boros E. Theranostic Gallium Siderophore Ciprofloxacin Conjugate with Broad Spectrum Antibiotic Potency. J Med Chem 2019; 62:9947-9960. [PMID: 31580658 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic bacteria scavenge ferric iron from the host for survival and proliferation using small-molecular chelators, siderophores. Here, we introduce and assess the gallium(III) complex of ciprofloxacin-functionalized desferrichrome (D2) as a potential therapeutic for bacterial infection using an in vitro assay and radiochemical, tracer-based approach. Ga-D2 exhibits a minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.23 μM in Escherichia coli, in line with the parent fluoroquinolone antibiotic. Competitive and mutant strain assays show that Ga-D2 relies on FhuA-mediated transport for internalization. Ga-D2 is potent against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3.8 μM), Staphylococcus aureus (0.94 μM), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (12.5 μM), while Fe-D2 is inactive in these strains. Radiochemical experiments with E. coli reveal that 67Ga-D2 is taken up more efficiently than 67Ga-citrate. In naive mice, 67Ga-D2 clears renally and is excreted 13% intact in the urine. These pharmacokinetic and bacterial growth inhibitory properties qualify Ga-D2 for future investigations as a diagnosis and treatment tool for infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apurva Pandey
- Department of Chemistry , Stony Brook University , 100 Nicolls Road , Stony Brook 11790 , New York , United States
| | - Chloé Savino
- Department of Chemistry , Stony Brook University , 100 Nicolls Road , Stony Brook 11790 , New York , United States
| | - Shin Hye Ahn
- Department of Chemistry , Stony Brook University , 100 Nicolls Road , Stony Brook 11790 , New York , United States
| | - Zhaoyong Yang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050 , People's Republic of China
| | - Steven G Van Lanen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , University of Kentucky , Lexington 40536 , Kentucky , United States
| | - Eszter Boros
- Department of Chemistry , Stony Brook University , 100 Nicolls Road , Stony Brook 11790 , New York , United States
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23
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Moynié L, Milenkovic S, Mislin GLA, Gasser V, Malloci G, Baco E, McCaughan RP, Page MGP, Schalk IJ, Ceccarelli M, Naismith JH. The complex of ferric-enterobactin with its transporter from Pseudomonas aeruginosa suggests a two-site model. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3673. [PMID: 31413254 PMCID: PMC6694100 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11508-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria use small molecules called siderophores to scavenge iron. Siderophore-Fe3+ complexes are recognised by outer-membrane transporters and imported into the periplasm in a process dependent on the inner-membrane protein TonB. The siderophore enterobactin is secreted by members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, but many other bacteria including Pseudomonas species can use it. Here, we show that the Pseudomonas transporter PfeA recognises enterobactin using extracellular loops distant from the pore. The relevance of this site is supported by in vivo and in vitro analyses. We suggest there is a second binding site deeper inside the structure and propose that correlated changes in hydrogen bonds link binding-induced structural re-arrangements to the structural adjustment of the periplasmic TonB-binding motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucile Moynié
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre of Human Genomics, 7 Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- The Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire, OX11 0FA, UK
- The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Didcot, OX11 0FA, UK
| | - Stefan Milenkovic
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SP Monserrato-Sestu Km 0.700, Monserrato, 09042, Italy
| | - Gaëtan L A Mislin
- Université de Strasbourg, UMR7242, ESBS, Bld Sébastien Brant, Illkirch, F-67413, Strasbourg, France
- CNRS, UMR7242, ESBS, Bld Sébastien Brant, Illkirch, F-67413, Strasbourg, France
| | - Véronique Gasser
- Université de Strasbourg, UMR7242, ESBS, Bld Sébastien Brant, Illkirch, F-67413, Strasbourg, France
- CNRS, UMR7242, ESBS, Bld Sébastien Brant, Illkirch, F-67413, Strasbourg, France
| | - Giuliano Malloci
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SP Monserrato-Sestu Km 0.700, Monserrato, 09042, Italy
| | - Etienne Baco
- Université de Strasbourg, UMR7242, ESBS, Bld Sébastien Brant, Illkirch, F-67413, Strasbourg, France
- CNRS, UMR7242, ESBS, Bld Sébastien Brant, Illkirch, F-67413, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Malcolm G P Page
- Department of Life Sciences & Chemistry, Campus Ring 1, Bremen, 28759, Germany
| | - Isabelle J Schalk
- Université de Strasbourg, UMR7242, ESBS, Bld Sébastien Brant, Illkirch, F-67413, Strasbourg, France.
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali-CNR, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, 09042, Italy.
| | - Matteo Ceccarelli
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SP Monserrato-Sestu Km 0.700, Monserrato, 09042, Italy.
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali-CNR, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, 09042, Italy.
| | - James H Naismith
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre of Human Genomics, 7 Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.
- The Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire, OX11 0FA, UK.
- The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Didcot, OX11 0FA, UK.
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24
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Khalikova E, Somersalo S, Korpela T. Metabolites Produced by Alkaliphiles with Potential Biotechnological Applications. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 172:157-193. [PMID: 31240347 DOI: 10.1007/10_2019_96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Alkaliphiles are a diverse group of relatively less known microorganisms living in alkaline environments. To thrive in alkaline environments, alkaliphiles require special adaptations. This adaptation may have evolved metabolites which can be useful for biotechnological processes or other applications. In fact, certain metabolites are found unique to alkaliphiles or are effectively produced by alkaliphiles. This probably aroused the interest in metabolites of alkaliphiles. During recent years, many alkaliphilic microbes have been isolated, especially in countries having alkaline environments, like soda lakes. Even if the number of such isolated alkaliphiles is large, their metabolites have not yet been extensively analyzed and exploited. This is expected to come in the years ahead. So far, the focus of interests in metabolites from alkaliphiles falls into categories such as organic acids, ingredients for foodstuffs and cosmetics, antibiotics, and substances which modify properties of other materials used in industry. This chapter deals with biotechnologically important metabolites of alkaliphiles including compatible solutes, biosurfactants, siderophores, carotenoids, exopolysaccharides, and antimicrobial agents. It also covers the promising potential of alkaliphiles as sources of bioplastic raw materials. Moreover, an overview of the patent literature related to alkaliphiles is highlighted. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Khalikova
- Joint Biotechnology Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Timo Korpela
- Department of Future Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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25
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Cheng AV, Wuest WM. Signed, Sealed, Delivered: Conjugate and Prodrug Strategies as Targeted Delivery Vectors for Antibiotics. ACS Infect Dis 2019; 5:816-828. [PMID: 30969100 PMCID: PMC6570538 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Innate and developed resistance mechanisms of bacteria to antibiotics are obstacles in the design of novel drugs. However, antibacterial prodrugs and conjugates have shown promise in circumventing resistance and tolerance mechanisms via directed delivery of antibiotics to the site of infection or to specific species or strains of bacteria. The selective targeting and increased permeability and accumulation of these prodrugs not only improves efficacy over unmodified drugs but also reduces off-target effects, toxicity, and development of resistance. Herein, we discuss some of these methods, including sideromycins, antibody-directed prodrugs, cell penetrating peptide conjugates, and codrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana V. Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - William M. Wuest
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Emory Antibiotic Resistance Center, Emory School of Medicine, 201 Dowman Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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26
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Zhang J, Zhao T, Yang R, Siridechakorn I, Wang S, Guo Q, Bai Y, Shen HC, Lei X. De novo synthesis, structural assignment and biological evaluation of pseudopaline, a metallophore produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Chem Sci 2019; 10:6635-6641. [PMID: 31367316 PMCID: PMC6625496 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc01405e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudopaline is an opine carboxylate metallophore produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa for harvesting divalent metals. However, the structure of pseudopaline is not fully elucidated. Herein, we report the first de novo total synthesis and isolation of pseudopaline, which allows unambiguous determination and confirmation of both the absolute and the relative configuration of the natural product. The synthesis highlights an efficient and stereocontrolled route using the asymmetric Tsuji-Trost reaction as the key step. The preliminary structure-activity relationship study indicated that one pseudopaline derivative shows comparable activity to pseudopaline. Moreover, a pseudopaline-fluorescein conjugate was prepared and evaluated, which confirmed that pseudopaline could be transported in the bacteria. Since the metal acquisition by P. aeruginosa is crucial for its ability to cause diseases, our extensive structural and functional studies of pseudopaline may pave the way for developing new therapeutic strategies such as the "Trojan horse" antibiotic conjugate against P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education , Department of Chemical Biology , College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center , Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China .
| | - Tianhu Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education , Department of Chemical Biology , College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center , Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China .
| | - Rongwen Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education , Department of Chemical Biology , College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center , Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China .
| | - Ittipon Siridechakorn
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education , Department of Chemical Biology , College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center , Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China .
| | - Sanshan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education , Department of Chemical Biology , College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center , Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China .
| | - Qianqian Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education , Department of Chemical Biology , College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center , Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China .
| | - Yingjie Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education , Department of Chemical Biology , College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center , Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China .
| | - Hong C Shen
- Roche Innovation Center Shanghai , Roche Pharma Research & Early Development , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Xiaoguang Lei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education , Department of Chemical Biology , College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center , Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China .
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27
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Synthetic sideromycins (skepticism and optimism): selective generation of either broad or narrow spectrum Gram-negative antibiotics. Biometals 2019; 32:425-451. [PMID: 30919118 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-019-00192-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
New or repurposed antibiotics are desperately needed since bacterial resistance has risen to essentially all of our current antibiotics, and few new antibiotics have been developed over the last several decades. A primary cause of drug resistance is the overuse of antibiotics that can result in alteration of microbial permeability, alteration of drug target binding sites, induction of enzymes that destroy antibiotics (i.e., β-lactamases) and even induction of efflux mechanisms. Research efforts are described that are designed to determine if the known critical dependence of iron assimilation by microbes for growth and virulence can be exploited for the development of new approaches to antibiotic therapy. Iron recognition and active transport relies on the biosyntheses and use of microbe-selective iron chelating compounds called siderophores. Several natural siderophore-antibiotic conjugates (sideromycins) have been discovered and studied. The natural sideromycins consist of an iron binding siderophore linked to a warhead that exerts antibiotic activity once assimilated by targeted bacteria. Inspired these natural conjugates, a combination of chemical syntheses, microbiological and biochemical studies have been used to generate semi-synthetic and totally synthetic sideromycin analogs. The results demonstrate that siderophores and analogs can be used for iron transport-mediated drug delivery ("Trojan Horse" antibiotics or sideromycins) and induction of iron limitation/starvation (development of new agents to block iron assimilation). While several examples illustrate that this approach can generate microbe selective antibiotics that are active in vitro, the scope and limitations of this approach, especially related to development of resistance, siderophore based molecular recognition requirements, appropriate linker and drug choices, will be described.
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28
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Williams JC, Sheldon JR, Imlay HD, Dutter BF, Draelos MM, Skaar EP, Sulikowski GA. Synthesis of the Siderophore Coelichelin and Its Utility as a Probe in the Study of Bacterial Metal Sensing and Response. Org Lett 2019; 21:679-682. [PMID: 30645132 PMCID: PMC6474248 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A convergent total synthesis of the siderophore coelichelin is described. The synthetic route also provided access to acetyl coelichelin and other congeners of the parent siderophore. The synthetic products were evaluated for their ability to bind ferric iron and promote growth of a siderophore-deficient strain of the Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa under iron restriction conditions. The results of these studies indicate coelichelin and several derivatives serve as ferric iron delivery vehicles for P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade C. Williams
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Jessica R. Sheldon
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Hunter D. Imlay
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Brendan F. Dutter
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Matthew M. Draelos
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Eric P. Skaar
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Gary A. Sulikowski
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
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29
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Analogues of desferrioxamine B (DFOB) with new properties and new functions generated using precursor-directed biosynthesis. Biometals 2019; 32:395-408. [PMID: 30701380 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-019-00175-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Desferrioxamine B (DFOB) is a siderophore native to Streptomyces pilosus biosynthesised by the DesABCD enzyme cluster as a high affinity Fe(III) chelator. Although DFOB has a long clinical history for the treatment of chronic iron overload, limitations encourage the development of new analogues. This review describes a recent body of work that has used precursor-directed biosynthesis (PDB) to access new DFOB analogues. PDB exploits the native biosynthetic machinery of a producing organism in culture medium augmented with non-native substrates that compete against native substrates during metabolite assembly. The method allows access to analogues of natural products using benign methods, compared to multistep organic synthesis. The disadvantages of PDB are the production of metabolites in low yield and the need to purify complex mixtures. Streptomyces pilosus medium was supplemented with different types of non-native diamine substrates to compete against native 1,5-diaminopentane to generate DFOB analogues containing alkene bonds, fluorine atoms, ether or thioether functional groups, or a disulfide bond. All analogues retained function as Fe(III) chelators and have properties that could broaden the utility of DFOB. These PDB studies have also added knowledge to the understanding of DFOB biosynthesis.
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30
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Ghosh M, Lin YM, Miller PA, Möllmann U, Boggess WC, Miller MJ. Siderophore Conjugates of Daptomycin are Potent Inhibitors of Carbapenem Resistant Strains of Acinetobacter baumannii. ACS Infect Dis 2018; 4:1529-1535. [PMID: 30043609 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.8b00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Development of resistance to antibiotics is a major medical problem. One approach to extending the utility of our limited antibiotic arsenal is to repurpose antibiotics by altering their bacterial selectivity. Many antibiotics that are used to treat infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria might be made effective against Gram-negative bacterial infections, if they could circumvent permeability barriers and antibiotic deactivation processes associated with Gram-negative bacteria. Herein, we report that covalent attachment of the normally Gram-positive-only antibiotic, daptomycin, with iron sequestering siderophore mimetics that are recognized by Gram-negative bacteria, provides conjugates that are active against virulent strains of Acinetobacter baumannii, including carbapenemase and cephalosporinase producers. The result is the generation of a new set of antibiotics designed to target bacterial infections that have been designated as being of dire concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuka Ghosh
- Hsiri Therapeutics, Rosetree Corporate Center, 1400 N. Providence Road, Building 1, Suite 115S, Media, Pennsylvania 19063, United States
| | - Yun-Ming Lin
- Hsiri Therapeutics, Rosetree Corporate Center, 1400 N. Providence Road, Building 1, Suite 115S, Media, Pennsylvania 19063, United States
| | - Patricia A. Miller
- Hsiri Therapeutics, Rosetree Corporate Center, 1400 N. Providence Road, Building 1, Suite 115S, Media, Pennsylvania 19063, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Ute Möllmann
- Hsiri Therapeutics, Rosetree Corporate Center, 1400 N. Providence Road, Building 1, Suite 115S, Media, Pennsylvania 19063, United States
| | - William C. Boggess
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Marvin J. Miller
- Hsiri Therapeutics, Rosetree Corporate Center, 1400 N. Providence Road, Building 1, Suite 115S, Media, Pennsylvania 19063, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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31
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Total synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of natural albomycins against clinical pathogens. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3445. [PMID: 30181560 PMCID: PMC6123416 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05821-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of effective antimicrobial agents continues to be a great challenge, particularly due to the increasing resistance of superbugs and frequent hospital breakouts. There is an urgent need for more potent and safer antibiotics with novel scaffolds. As historically many commercial drugs were derived from natural products, discovery of antimicrobial agents from complex natural product structures still holds a great promise. Herein, we report the total synthesis of natural albomycins δ1 (1a), δ2 (1b), and ε (1c), which validates the structures of these peptidylnucleoside compounds and allows for synthetic access to bioactive albomycin analogs. The efficient synthesis of albomycins enables extensive evaluations of these natural products against model bacteria and clinical pathogens. Albomycin δ2 has the potential to be developed into an antibacterial drug to treat Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus infections. Albomycins are promising drug candidates for the treatment of bacterial infections. Here, the authors describe the total syntheses of albomycins δ1, δ2, and ε, and evaluate their antimicrobial activity, identifying albomycin δ2 as a strong agent against S. pneumoniae and S. aureus infections.
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32
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Aoki T, Yoshizawa H, Yamawaki K, Yokoo K, Sato J, Hisakawa S, Hasegawa Y, Kusano H, Sano M, Sugimoto H, Nishitani Y, Sato T, Tsuji M, Nakamura R, Nishikawa T, Yamano Y. Cefiderocol (S-649266), A new siderophore cephalosporin exhibiting potent activities against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other gram-negative pathogens including multi-drug resistant bacteria: Structure activity relationship. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 155:847-868. [PMID: 29960205 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The structure-activity relationship (SAR) for a novel series of catechol conjugated siderophore cephalosporins is described with their in vitro activities against multi-drug resistant Gram-negative pathogens including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Enterobacteriaceae. Cefiderocol (3) was one of the best molecules which displayed well-balanced and potent activities against multi-drug resistant Gram-negative pathogens including carbapenem resistant bacteria among the prepared compounds with the modified C-7 side chain and the modified C-3 side chain. Cefiderocol (3) is a highly promising parenteral cephalosporin for the treatment of multi-drug resistant Gram-negative infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Aoki
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 1-1, Futabacho, 3-chome, Toyonaka, 561-0825, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Hidenori Yoshizawa
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 1-1, Futabacho, 3-chome, Toyonaka, 561-0825, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenji Yamawaki
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 1-1, Futabacho, 3-chome, Toyonaka, 561-0825, Osaka, Japan
| | - Katsuki Yokoo
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 1-1, Futabacho, 3-chome, Toyonaka, 561-0825, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun Sato
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 1-1, Futabacho, 3-chome, Toyonaka, 561-0825, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinya Hisakawa
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 1-1, Futabacho, 3-chome, Toyonaka, 561-0825, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasushi Hasegawa
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 1-1, Futabacho, 3-chome, Toyonaka, 561-0825, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kusano
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 1-1, Futabacho, 3-chome, Toyonaka, 561-0825, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Sano
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 1-1, Futabacho, 3-chome, Toyonaka, 561-0825, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideki Sugimoto
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 1-1, Futabacho, 3-chome, Toyonaka, 561-0825, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nishitani
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 1-1, Futabacho, 3-chome, Toyonaka, 561-0825, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takafumi Sato
- Drug Discovery & Disease Research Laboratory, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 1-1, Futabacho, 3-chome, Toyonaka, 561-0825, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masakatsu Tsuji
- Drug Discovery & Disease Research Laboratory, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 1-1, Futabacho, 3-chome, Toyonaka, 561-0825, Osaka, Japan
| | - Rio Nakamura
- Drug Discovery & Disease Research Laboratory, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 1-1, Futabacho, 3-chome, Toyonaka, 561-0825, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toru Nishikawa
- Drug Discovery & Disease Research Laboratory, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 1-1, Futabacho, 3-chome, Toyonaka, 561-0825, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Yamano
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 1-1, Futabacho, 3-chome, Toyonaka, 561-0825, Osaka, Japan
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33
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Rivera GSM, Beamish CR, Wencewicz TA. Immobilized FhuD2 Siderophore-Binding Protein Enables Purification of Salmycin Sideromycins from Streptomyces violaceus DSM 8286. ACS Infect Dis 2018; 4:845-859. [PMID: 29460625 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.8b00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Siderophores are a structurally diverse class of natural products common to most bacteria and fungi as iron(III)-chelating ligands. Siderophores, including trihydroxamate ferrioxamines, are used clinically to treat iron overload diseases and show promising activity against many other iron-related human diseases. Here, we present a new method for the isolation of ferrioxamine siderophores from complex mixtures using affinity chromatography based on resin-immobilized FhuD2, a siderophore-binding protein (SBP) from Staphylococcus aureus. The SBP-resin enabled purification of charge positive, charge negative, and neutral ferrioxamine siderophores. Treatment of culture supernatants from Streptomyces violaceus DSM 8286 with SBP-resin provided an analytically pure sample of the salmycins, a mixture of structurally complex glycosylated sideromycins (siderophore-antibiotic conjugates) with potent antibacterial activity toward human pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 7 nM). Siderophore affinity chromatography could enable the rapid discovery of new siderophore and sideromycin natural products from complex mixtures to aid drug discovery and metabolite identification efforts in a broad range of therapeutic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerry Sann M. Rivera
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Catherine R. Beamish
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Timothy A. Wencewicz
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
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34
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Liu R, Miller PA, Vakulenko SB, Stewart NK, Boggess WC, Miller MJ. A Synthetic Dual Drug Sideromycin Induces Gram-Negative Bacteria To Commit Suicide with a Gram-Positive Antibiotic. J Med Chem 2018; 61:3845-3854. [PMID: 29554424 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Many antibiotics lack activity against Gram-negative bacteria because they cannot permeate the outer membrane or suffer from efflux and, in the case of β-lactams, are degraded by β-lactamases. Herein, we describe the synthesis and studies of a dual drug conjugate (1) of a siderophore linked to a cephalosporin with an attached oxazolidinone. The cephalosporin component of 1 is rapidly hydrolyzed by purified ADC-1 β-lactamase to release the oxazolidinone. Conjugate 1 is active against clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii as well as strains producing large amounts of ADC-1 β-lactamase. Overall, the results are consistent with siderophore-mediated active uptake, inherent activity of the delivered dual drug, and in the presence of β-lactamases, intracellular release of the oxazolidinone upon cleavage of the cephalosporin to allow the freed oxazolidinone to inactivate its target. The ultimate result demonstrates that Gram-positive oxazolidinone antibiotics can be made to be effective against Gram-negative bacteria by β-lactamase triggered release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
| | - Patricia A Miller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
| | - Sergei B Vakulenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
| | - Nichole K Stewart
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
| | - William C Boggess
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
| | - Marvin J Miller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
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35
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Richardson-Sanchez T, Codd R. Engineering a cleavable disulfide bond into a natural product siderophore using precursor-directed biosynthesis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:9813-9816. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc04981e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
An analogue of the bacterial siderophore desferrioxamine B (DFOB) containing a disulfide motif in the backbone was produced from Streptomyces pilosus cultures supplemented with cystamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Richardson-Sanchez
- The University of Sydney
- School of Medical Sciences (Pharmacology) and Bosch Institute
- Camperdown
- Australia
| | - Rachel Codd
- The University of Sydney
- School of Medical Sciences (Pharmacology) and Bosch Institute
- Camperdown
- Australia
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36
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Zhang J, Wang S, Bai Y, Guo Q, Zhou J, Lei X. Total Syntheses of Natural Metallophores Staphylopine and Aspergillomarasmine A. J Org Chem 2017; 82:13643-13648. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- School
of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Sanshan Wang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department
of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering,
Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center and Peking-Tsinghua Center
for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yingjie Bai
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department
of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering,
Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center and Peking-Tsinghua Center
for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qianqian Guo
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department
of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering,
Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center and Peking-Tsinghua Center
for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jiang Zhou
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department
of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering,
Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center and Peking-Tsinghua Center
for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaoguang Lei
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department
of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering,
Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center and Peking-Tsinghua Center
for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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37
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Endicott NP, Lee E, Wencewicz TA. Structural Basis for Xenosiderophore Utilization by the Human Pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. ACS Infect Dis 2017; 3:542-553. [PMID: 28505405 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.7b00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus produces a cocktail of metallophores (staphylopine, staphyloferrin A, and staphyloferrin B) to scavenge transition metals during infection of a host. In addition, S. aureus displays the extracellular surface lipoproteins FhuD1 and FhuD2 along with the ABC transporter complex FhuCBG to facilitate the use of hydroxamate xenosiderophores such as desferrioxamine B (DFOB) for iron acquisition. DFOB is used as a chelation therapy to treat human iron overload diseases and has been linked to an increased risk of S. aureus infections. We used a panel of synthetic DFOB analogs and a FhuD2-selective trihydroxamate sideromycin to probe xenosiderophore utilization in S. aureus and establish structure-activity relationships for Fe(III) binding, FhuD2 binding, S. aureus growth promotion, and competition for S. aureus cell entry. Fe(III) binding assays and FhuD2 intrinsic fluorescence quenching experiments revealed that diverse chemical modifications of the terminal ends of linear ferrioxamine siderophores influences Fe(III) affinity but not FhuD2 binding. Siderophore-sideromycin competition assays and xenosiderophore growth promotion assays revealed that S. aureus SG511 and ATCC 11632 can distinguish between competing siderophores based exclusively on net charge of the siderophore-Fe(III) complex. Our work provides a roadmap for tuning hydroxamate xenosiderophore scaffolds to suppress (net negative charge) or enhance (net positive or neutral charge) uptake by S. aureus for applications in metal chelation therapy and siderophore-mediated antibiotic delivery, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel P. Endicott
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Eries Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Timothy A. Wencewicz
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
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