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Li Y, Chang S, Li W, Tang G, Ma Y, Liu Y, Yuan F, Zhang Z, Yang GY, Wang Y. cxcl12-engineered endothelial progenitor cells enhance neurogenesis and angiogenesis after ischemic brain injury in mice. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:139. [PMID: 29751775 PMCID: PMC5948880 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0865-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ischemic stroke causes a multitude of brain damage. Neurovascular injury and myelin sheath degradation are two manifestations of ischemic brain damage. Therapeutic strategies aiming only at repairing the neural components or the vessels cannot efficiently restore neurological function. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have the advantages of both promoting angiogenesis and secreting trophic factors that would promote neurogenesis. Chemokine cxcl12 gene therapy has also been shown to promote angiogenesis, neurogenesis, and remyelination, attracting EPCs, neural progenitor cells, and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) to the injured sites of the brain. In this work, we tested whether these two therapeutics can be combined by genetically engineering the EPCs with cxcl12 to harness the synergistic effects of these two interventions. Methods We used lentivirus (LV) to deliver cxcl12 gene into human umbilical cord blood EPCs to generate the engineered CXCL12-EPCs, which were then delivered into the perifocal region at 1 week after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion to investigate the effects of CXCL12-EPCs on the functional recovery and angiogenesis, neurogenesis, and remyelination in ischemic stroke mice. Green fluorescent protein (gfp) gene-modified EPCs and LV-CXCL12 gene therapy were used as controls. Results CXCL12-EPC treatment significantly reduced brain atrophy and improved neurobehavioral function at 5 weeks after brain ischemia. The treatment resulted in increased blood vessel density and myelin sheath integrity, and promoted neurogenesis, angiogenesis, and the proliferation and migration of OPCs. In-vitro data showed that CXCL12-EPCs performed better in proliferation and tube formation assays and expressed a higher level of vascular endothelial growth factor compared to GFP-EPCs. Conclusions The synergistic treatment of CXCL12-EPCs outperformed the single therapies of GFP-EPCs or LV-CXCL12 gene therapy in various aspects related to post-ischemic brain repair. cxcl12-engineered EPCs hold great potential in the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaning Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Hua Shan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Shuang Chang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Hua Shan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Wanlu Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Hua Shan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Guanghui Tang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Hua Shan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yanqun Liu
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Fang Yuan
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Hua Shan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Hua Shan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Guo-Yuan Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Hua Shan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China. .,Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Yongting Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Hua Shan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China.
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Stem Cell Tracing Through MR Molecular Imaging. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 15:249-261. [PMID: 30603551 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-017-0112-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapy opens a new window in medicine to overcome several diseases that remain incurable. It appears such diseases as cardiovascular disorders, brain injury, multiple sclerosis, urinary system diseases, cartilage lesions and diabetes are curable with stem cell transplantation. However, some questions related to stem cell therapy have remained unanswered. Stem cell imaging allows approval of appropriated strategies such as selection of the type and dose of stem cell, and also mode of cell delivery before being tested in clinical trials. MRI as a non-invasive imaging modality provides proper conditions for this aim. So far, different contrast agents such as superparamagnetic or paramagnetic nanoparticles, ultrasmall superparamagnetic nanoparticles, fluorine, gadolinium and some types of reporter genes have been used for imaging of stem cells. The core subject of these studies is to investigate the survival and differentiation of stem cells, contrast agent's toxicity and long term following of transplanted cells. The promising results of in vivo and some clinical trial studies may raise hope for clinical stem cells imaging with MRI.
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Zhang T, Yang X, Liu T, Shao J, Fu N, Yan A, Geng K, Xia W. Adjudin-preconditioned neural stem cells enhance neuroprotection after ischemia reperfusion in mice. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:248. [PMID: 29115993 PMCID: PMC5678778 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0677-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transplantation of neural stem cells (NSCs) has been proposed as a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced brain injury. However, existing evidence has also challenged this therapy on its limitations, such as the difficulty for stem cells to survive after transplantation due to the unfavorable microenvironment in the ischemic brain. Herein, we have investigated whether preconditioning of NSCs with adjudin, a small molecule compound, could enhance their survivability and further improve the therapeutic effect for NSC-based stroke therapy. METHOD We aimed to examine the effect of adjudin pretreatment on NSCs by measuring a panel of parameters after their transplantation into the infarct area of ipsilateral striatum 24 hours after I/R in mice. RESULTS We found that pretreatment of NSCs with adjudin could enhance the viability of NSCs after their transplantation into the stroke-induced infarct area. Compared with the untreated NSC group, the adjudin-preconditioned group showed decreased infarct volume and neurobehavioral deficiency through ameliorating blood-brain barrier disruption and promoting the expression and secretion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. We also employed H2O2-induced cell death model in vitro and found that adjudin preconditioning could promote NSC survival through inhibition of oxidative stress and activation of Akt signaling pathway. CONCLUSION This study showed that adjudin could be used to precondition NSCs to enhance their survivability and improve recovery in the stroke model, unveiling the value of adjudin for stem cell-based stroke therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tengyuan Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaxiang Shao
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ningzhen Fu
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Aijuan Yan
- Department of Neurology & Institute of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Room 211, Med-X Research Institute, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai, 200030 China
| | - Keyi Geng
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiliang Xia
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology & Institute of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Room 211, Med-X Research Institute, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai, 200030 China
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Huang H, Lin F, Jiang J, Chen Y, Mei A, Zhu P. Effects of intra-arterial transplantation of adipose-derived stem cells on the expression of netrin-1 and its receptor DCC in the peri-infarct cortex after experimental stroke. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:223. [PMID: 29017609 PMCID: PMC5633888 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0671-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stem cell transplantation has been documented to promote functional recovery in animal models of stroke; however, the underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood. As netrin-1 and its receptor deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) are important regulators in neuronal and vascular activities, the present study attempted to explore whether netrin-1 and DCC are involved in the neuroprotection of stem cell-based therapies in a rat ischemic stroke model. Methods Adult male Sprague–Dawley rats were subjected to a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and subsequently received an intra-arterial injection of 2 × 106 PKH26-labeled adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) or saline 24 h later. Neurological function was evaluated by behavioral tests before the rats were sacrificed at days 7 and 14 after MCAO. The migration of ADSCs and regeneration of neuronal fibers and blood vessels were determined by immunofluorescence staining. The expression of netrin-1 and DCC was analyzed by Western blot and immunofluorescence staining. Results ADSC transplantation significantly improved the neurological recovery at days 7 and 14, and noticeably promoted the regeneration of neuronal fibers and blood vessels in the peri-infarct cortex at day 14. PKH26-labeled ADSCs located mainly in the peri-infarct area at days 7 and 14. In ADSC-treated rats, the expression of netrin-1 and DCC significantly increased in the peri-infarct cortex at days 7 and 14. Immunofluorescence staining showed that netrin-1 was mainly expressed by neuronal perikaryal in the peri-infarct cortex, and DCC was mainly expressed by neuronal fibers and was present around the blood vessels in the peri-infarct cortex. Conclusions These findings suggest that ADSC transplantation facilitates the regeneration of neuronal fibers and blood vessels in the peri-infarct cortex and improves neurological functions, which may be attributed, at least in part, to the involvement of upregulated netrin-1 and DCC in the remodeling of neuronal and vascular networks in the peri-infarct cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Huang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, 134 Dongjie Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China.,Provincial Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, 134 Dongjie Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, 134 Dongjie Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China
| | - Fan Lin
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, 134 Dongjie Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China.,Provincial Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, 134 Dongjie Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, 134 Dongjie Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China
| | - Jingjing Jiang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, 134 Dongjie Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, 134 Dongjie Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China.,Provincial Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, 134 Dongjie Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, 134 Dongjie Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China
| | - Ainong Mei
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, 134 Dongjie Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China.,Provincial Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, 134 Dongjie Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, 134 Dongjie Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China
| | - Pengli Zhu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, 134 Dongjie Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China. .,Provincial Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, 134 Dongjie Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China. .,Fujian Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, 134 Dongjie Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China.
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Filippi M, Boido M, Pasquino C, Garello F, Boffa C, Terreno E. Successful in vivo MRI tracking of MSCs labeled with Gadoteridol in a Spinal Cord Injury experimental model. Exp Neurol 2016; 282:66-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Abstract
Molecular imaging is one of the methods to follow-up stem cell therapy by visualization in the brain. In a recent article in Stem Cell Research & Therapy, Micci et al. offer a thorough discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of this method and their roles in the future. The authors are among the very first who have implemented recently introduced molecular imaging techniques in experimental research and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Sandu
- University of Oxford, Wellington Square, Oxford, OX1 2JD, UK.,University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Tumul Chowdhury
- Department of Anesthesiology and Peri-operative Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Bernhard Schaller
- University of Oxford, Wellington Square, Oxford, OX1 2JD, UK. .,University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
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Micci MA, Boone DR, Parsley MA, Wei J, Patrikeev I, Motamedi M, Hellmich HL. Development of a novel imaging system for cell therapy in the brain. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:131. [PMID: 26194790 PMCID: PMC4534109 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0129-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Stem cells have been evaluated as a potential therapeutic approach for several neurological disorders of the central and peripheral nervous system as well as for traumatic brain and spinal cord injury. Currently, the lack of a reliable and safe method to accurately and non-invasively locate the site of implantation and track the migration of stem cells in vivo hampers the development of stem cell therapy and its clinical application. In this report, we present data that demonstrate the feasibility of using the human sodium iodide symporter (hNIS) as a reporter gene for tracking neural stem cells (NSCs) after transplantation in the brain by using single-photon emission tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) imaging. Methods NSCs were isolated from the hippocampus of adult rats (Hipp-NSCs) and transduced with a lentiviral vector containing the hNIS gene. Hipp-NSCs expressing the hNIS (NIS-Hipp-NSCs) were characterized in vitro and in vivo after transplantation in the rat brain and imaged by using technetium-99m (99mTc) and a small rodent SPECT/CT apparatus. Comparisons were made between Hipp-NSCs and NIS-Hipp-NSCs, and statistical analysis was performed by using two-tailed Student’s t test. Results Our results show that the expression of the hNIS allows the repeated visualization of NSCs in vivo in the brain by using SPECT/CT imaging and does not affect the ability of Hipp-NSCs to generate neuronal and glial cells in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions These data support the use of the hNIS as a reporter gene for non-invasive imaging of NSCs in the brain. The repeated, non-invasive tracking of implanted cells will accelerate the development of effective stem cell therapies for traumatic brain injury and other types of central nervous system injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Adelaide Micci
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.
| | - Debbie R Boone
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.
| | - Margaret A Parsley
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.
| | - Jingna Wei
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Igor Patrikeev
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Massoud Motamedi
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Helen L Hellmich
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.
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Chotivichit A, Ruangchainikom M, Chiewvit P, Wongkajornsilp A, Sujirattanawimol K. Chronic spinal cord injury treated with transplanted autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells tracked by magnetic resonance imaging: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2015; 9:79. [PMID: 25885347 PMCID: PMC4414006 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-015-0535-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intrathecal transplantation is a minimally invasive method for the delivery of stem cells, however, whether the cells migrate from the lumbar to the injured cervical spinal cord has not been proved in humans. We describe an attempt to track bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in a patient with a chronic cervical spinal cord injury. CASE PRESENTATION A 33-year-old Thai man who sustained an incomplete spinal cord injury from the atlanto-axial subluxation was enrolled into a pilot study aiming to track bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, from intrathecal transplantation in chronic cervical spinal cord injury. He had been dependent on respiratory support since 2005. There had been no improvement in his neurological function for the past 54 months. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells were retrieved from his iliac crest and repopulated to the target number. One half of the total cells were labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles before transplantation to the intrathecal space between L4 and L5. Magnetic resonance imaging studies were performed immediately after the transplantation and at 48 hours, two weeks, one month and seven months after the transplantation. His magnetic resonance imaging scan performed immediately after the transplantation showed hyposignal intensity of paramagnetic substance tagged stem cells in the subarachnoid space at the lumbar spine area. This phenomenon was observed at the surface around his cervical spinal cord at 48 hours. A focal hyposignal intensity of tagged bone marrow-derived stem cells was detected at his cervical spinal cord with magnetic resonance imaging at 48 hours, which faded after two weeks, and then disappeared after one month. No clinical improvement of the neurological function had occurred at the end of this study. However, at 48 hours after the transplantation, he presented with a fever, headache, myalgia and worsening of his motor function (by one grade of all key muscles by the American Spinal Injury Association impairment scale), which lasted for 48 hours. CONCLUSION Intrathecal injection of bone marrow-derived stem cells at the lumbar spine level could deliver the cells to the injured cervical spinal cord. Transient complications should be observed closely in the first 48 hours after transplantation. Further study should be carried out to evaluate the result of the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areesak Chotivichit
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Prannok Rd, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
| | - Monchai Ruangchainikom
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Prannok Rd, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
| | - Pipat Chiewvit
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Prannok Rd, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
| | - Adisak Wongkajornsilp
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Prannok Rd, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
| | - Kittipong Sujirattanawimol
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Prannok Rd, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
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Ha BC, Jung J, Kwak BK. Susceptibility-weighted imaging for stem cell visualization in a rat photothrombotic cerebral infarction model. Acta Radiol 2015; 56:219-27. [PMID: 24574360 DOI: 10.1177/0284185114525605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In cell therapy, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been used to visualize superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO)-labeled stem cells homing to a lesion. Improving traceability is to utilize the sequence that maximizes sensitivity to the susceptibility effect of SPIO. PURPOSE To explore the best method by comparing the MRI sequences to visualize mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) labeled with SPIO. MATERIAL AND METHODS Human bone marrow (hBM)-derived MSCs were labeled by internalization of SPIO nanoparticles. In vitro MRI was performed for the SPIO-labeled hBM-MSCs in tubes with T2-weighted (T2W), T2*-weighted (T2*W), and susceptibility-weighted images (SWI). Contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and volumes of dark signal of SPIO-labeled hBM-MSCs were obtained on images of each sequence. Photothrombotic cerebral infarction (PTCI) was induced in eight rats, and 2.5 × 10(5) SPIO-labeled hBM-MSCs were infused through the tail vein on the third day. In vivo MRI of the rat brain was performed using a 3.0 T MRI on the first, third, seventh, and 14th days. CNRspio was obtained on T2W imaging, T2*W imaging, and SWI. The dark signals were compared with the SPIO-positive cells of Prussian blue staining. RESULTS In vitro MRI of 5 × 10(5) SPIO-labeled hBM-MSCs showed the CNR and volume of dark signal to be 63, 517 mm(3) in SWI, 41, 228 mm(3) in T2*W imaging, and 56, 41 mm(3) in T2W imaging, respectively. In vivo MRI showed a dark signal surrounding the high signal intensity of PTCI. Pathologically, the dark signals were matched with SPIO-labeled hBM-MSC in the corresponding rat. The dark signal was most prominent in SWI, then T2*W imaging, and finally in T2W imaging (P <0.05). In SWI, other causes of dark signals were matched with the veins and the choroid plexuses on histopathology. CONCLUSION SWI can visualize SPIO-labeled hBM-MSCs more sensitively, earlier, and with larger size and greater contrast than T2W imaging and T2*W imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bon Chul Ha
- Department of Radiology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisung Jung
- Department of Radiology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Kook Kwak
- Department of Radiology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Molecular imaging in stem cell therapy for spinal cord injury. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:759514. [PMID: 24701583 PMCID: PMC3950476 DOI: 10.1155/2014/759514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious disease of the center nervous system (CNS). It is a devastating injury with sudden loss of motor, sensory, and autonomic function distal to the level of trauma and produces great personal and societal costs. Currently, there are no remarkable effective therapies for the treatment of SCI. Compared to traditional treatment methods, stem cell transplantation therapy holds potential for repair and functional plasticity after SCI. However, the mechanism of stem cell therapy for SCI remains largely unknown and obscure partly due to the lack of efficient stem cell trafficking methods. Molecular imaging technology including positron emission tomography (PET), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), optical imaging (i.e., bioluminescence imaging (BLI)) gives the hope to complete the knowledge concerning basic stem cell biology survival, migration, differentiation, and integration in real time when transplanted into damaged spinal cord. In this paper, we mainly review the molecular imaging technology in stem cell therapy for SCI.
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