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Zanfrini E, Bandral M, Jarc L, Ramirez-Torres MA, Pezzolla D, Kufrin V, Rodriguez-Aznar E, Avila AKM, Cohrs C, Speier S, Neumann K, Gavalas A. Generation and application of novel hES cell reporter lines for the differentiation and maturation of hPS cell-derived islet-like clusters. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19863. [PMID: 39191834 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69645-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The significant advances in the differentiation of human pluripotent stem (hPS) cells into pancreatic endocrine cells, including functional β-cells, have been based on a detailed understanding of the underlying developmental mechanisms. However, the final differentiation steps, leading from endocrine progenitors to mono-hormonal and mature pancreatic endocrine cells, remain to be fully understood and this is reflected in the remaining shortcomings of the hPS cell-derived islet cells (SC-islet cells), which include a lack of β-cell maturation and variability among different cell lines. Additional signals and modifications of the final differentiation steps will have to be assessed in a combinatorial manner to address the remaining issues and appropriate reporter lines would be useful in this undertaking. Here we report the generation and functional validation of hPS cell reporter lines that can monitor the generation of INS+ and GCG+ cells and their resolution into mono-hormonal cells (INSeGFP, INSeGFP/GCGmCHERRY) as well as β-cell maturation (INSeGFP/MAFAmCHERRY) and function (INSGCaMP6). The reporter hPS cell lines maintained strong and widespread expression of pluripotency markers and differentiated efficiently into definitive endoderm and pancreatic progenitor (PP) cells. PP cells from all lines differentiated efficiently into islet cell clusters that robustly expressed the corresponding reporters and contained glucose-responsive, insulin-producing cells. To demonstrate the applicability of these hPS cell reporter lines in a high-content live imaging approach for the identification of optimal differentiation conditions, we adapted our differentiation procedure to generate SC-islet clusters in microwells. This allowed the live confocal imaging of multiple SC-islets for a single condition and, using this approach, we found that the use of the N21 supplement in the last stage of the differentiation increased the number of monohormonal β-cells without affecting the number of α-cells in the SC-islets. The hPS cell reporter lines and the high-content live imaging approach described here will enable the efficient assessment of multiple conditions for the optimal differentiation and maturation of SC-islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Zanfrini
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Manuj Bandral
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Luka Jarc
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Maria Alejandra Ramirez-Torres
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Daniela Pezzolla
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Vida Kufrin
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Eva Rodriguez-Aznar
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ana Karen Mojica Avila
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian Cohrs
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Speier
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Katrin Neumann
- Stem Cell Engineering Facility (SCEF), CRTD, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anthony Gavalas
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany.
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Jin M, Ma Z, Dang R, Zhang H, Kim R, Xue H, Pascual J, Finkbeiner S, Head E, Liu Y, Jiang P. A Trisomy 21-linked Hematopoietic Gene Variant in Microglia Confers Resilience in Human iPSC Models of Alzheimer's Disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.12.584646. [PMID: 38559257 PMCID: PMC10979994 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.12.584646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
While challenging, identifying individuals displaying resilience to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and understanding the underlying mechanism holds great promise for the development of new therapeutic interventions to effectively treat AD. Down syndrome (DS), or trisomy 21, is the most common genetic cause of AD. Interestingly, some people with DS, despite developing AD neuropathology, show resilience to cognitive decline. Furthermore, DS individuals are at an increased risk of myeloid leukemia due to somatic mutations in hematopoietic cells. Recent studies indicate that somatic mutations in hematopoietic cells may lead to resilience to neurodegeneration. Microglia, derived from hematopoietic lineages, play a central role in AD etiology. We therefore hypothesize that microglia carrying the somatic mutations associated with DS myeloid leukemia may impart resilience to AD. Using CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing, we introduce a trisomy 21-linked hotspot CSF2RB A455D mutation into human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) lines derived from both DS and healthy individuals. Employing hPSC-based in vitro microglia culture and in vivo human microglia chimeric mouse brain models, we show that in response to pathological tau, the CSF2RB A455D mutation suppresses microglial type-1 interferon signaling, independent of trisomy 21 genetic background. This mutation reduces neuroinflammation and enhances phagocytic and autophagic functions, thereby ameliorating senescent and dystrophic phenotypes in human microglia. Moreover, the CSF2RB A455D mutation promotes the development of a unique microglia subcluster with tissue repair properties. Importantly, human microglia carrying CSF2RB A455D provide protection to neuronal function, such as neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity in chimeric mouse brains where human microglia largely repopulate the hippocampus. When co-transplanted into the same mouse brains, human microglia with CSF2RB A455D mutation phagocytize and replace human microglia carrying the wildtype CSF2RB gene following pathological tau treatment. Our findings suggest that hPSC-derived CSF2RB A455D microglia could be employed to develop effective microglial replacement therapy for AD and other age-related neurodegenerative diseases, even without the need to deplete endogenous diseased microglia prior to cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Jin
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University New Brunswick, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ziyuan Ma
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University New Brunswick, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Rui Dang
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University New Brunswick, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Haiwei Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University New Brunswick, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Rachael Kim
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University New Brunswick, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Haipeng Xue
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA
| | - Jesse Pascual
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Steven Finkbeiner
- Ceter for Systems and Therapeutics and the Taube/Koret Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Gladstone Institutes; University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Departments of Neurology and Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Elizabeth Head
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University New Brunswick, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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Malainou C, Abdin SM, Lachmann N, Matt U, Herold S. Alveolar macrophages in tissue homeostasis, inflammation, and infection: evolving concepts of therapeutic targeting. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e170501. [PMID: 37781922 PMCID: PMC10541196 DOI: 10.1172/jci170501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are the sentinel cells of the alveolar space, maintaining homeostasis, fending off pathogens, and controlling lung inflammation. During acute lung injury, AMs orchestrate the initiation and resolution of inflammation in order to ultimately restore homeostasis. This central role in acute lung inflammation makes AMs attractive targets for therapeutic interventions. Single-cell RNA-Seq and spatial omics approaches, together with methodological advances such as the generation of human macrophages from pluripotent stem cells, have increased understanding of the ontogeny, function, and plasticity of AMs during infectious and sterile lung inflammation, which could move the field closer to clinical application. However, proresolution phenotypes might conflict with proinflammatory and antibacterial responses. Therefore, therapeutic targeting of AMs at vulnerable time points over the course of infectious lung injury might harbor the risk of serious side effects, such as loss of antibacterial host defense capacity. Thus, the identification of key signaling hubs that determine functional fate decisions in AMs is of the utmost importance to harness their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Malainou
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
- Institute for Lung Health, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Giessen, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shifaa M. Abdin
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology and
- REBIRTH Center for Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nico Lachmann
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology and
- REBIRTH Center for Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany
- RESIST (Resolving Infection Susceptibility), Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrich Matt
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
- Institute for Lung Health, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Giessen, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Susanne Herold
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
- Institute for Lung Health, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Giessen, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
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Liu B, Zhang C, Zhao H, Gao J, Hu J. Chitosan Hydrogel-Delivered ABE8e Corrects PAX9 Mutant in Dental Pulp Stem Cells. Gels 2023; 9:436. [PMID: 37367107 DOI: 10.3390/gels9060436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypodontia (dental agenesis) is a genetic disorder, and it has been identified that the mutation C175T in PAX9 could lead to hypodontia. Cas9 nickase (nCas9)-mediated homology-directed repair (HDR) and base editing were used for the correction of this mutated point. This study aimed to investigate the effect of HDR and the base editor ABE8e in editing PAX9 mutant. It was found that the chitosan hydrogel was efficient in delivering naked DNA into dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). To explore the influence of the C175T mutation in PAX9 on the proliferation of DPSCs, hydrogel was employed to deliver PAX9 mutant vector into DPSCs, finding that the PAX9-containing C175T mutation failed to promote the proliferation of DPSCs. Firstly, DPSCs stably carrying PAX9 mutant were constructed. Either an HDR or ABE8e system was delivered into the above-mentioned stable DPSCs, and then the correction efficiency using Sanger sequencing and Western blotting was determined. Meanwhile, the ABE8e presented significantly higher efficiency in correcting C175T compared with HDR. Furthermore, the corrected PAX9 presented enhanced viability and differentiation capacity for osteogenic and neurogenic lineages; the corrected PAX9 even possessed extremely enhanced transcriptional activation ability. In summary, this study has powerful implications for studies into base editors, chitosan hydrogel, and DPSCs in treating hypodontia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Liu
- Outpatient Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Tian Tan Xi Li No. 4, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Chenjiao Zhang
- Department of General, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Tian Tan Xi Li No. 4, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Han Zhao
- Multi-Disciplinary Treatment Center, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Tian Tan Xi Li No. 4, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Jingchao Hu
- Department of Periodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Tian Tan Xi Li No. 4, Beijing 100050, China
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Zhang J, Chou OHI, Tse YL, Ng KM, Tse HF. Application of Patient-Specific iPSCs for Modelling and Treatment of X-Linked Cardiomyopathies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158132. [PMID: 34360897 PMCID: PMC8347533 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited cardiomyopathies are among the major causes of heart failure and associated with significant mortality and morbidity. Currently, over 70 genes have been linked to the etiology of various forms of cardiomyopathy, some of which are X-linked. Due to the lack of appropriate cell and animal models, it has been difficult to model these X-linked cardiomyopathies. With the advancement of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology, the ability to generate iPSC lines from patients with X-linked cardiomyopathy has facilitated in vitro modelling and drug testing for the condition. Nonetheless, due to the mosaicism of the X-chromosome inactivation, disease phenotypes of X-linked cardiomyopathy in heterozygous females are also usually more heterogeneous, with a broad spectrum of presentation. Recent advancements in iPSC procedures have enabled the isolation of cells with different lyonisation to generate isogenic disease and control cell lines. In this review, we will summarise the current strategies and examples of using an iPSC-based model to study different types of X-linked cardiomyopathy. The potential application of isogenic iPSC lines derived from a female patient with heterozygous Danon disease and drug screening will be demonstrated by our preliminary data. The limitations of an iPSC-derived cardiomyocyte-based platform will also be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Zhang
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (J.Z.); (O.H.-I.C.); (Y.-L.T.)
| | - Oscar Hou-In Chou
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (J.Z.); (O.H.-I.C.); (Y.-L.T.)
| | - Yiu-Lam Tse
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (J.Z.); (O.H.-I.C.); (Y.-L.T.)
| | - Kwong-Man Ng
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (J.Z.); (O.H.-I.C.); (Y.-L.T.)
- Correspondence: (K.-M.N.); (H.-F.T.); Tel.: +852-3917-9955 (K.-M.N.); +852-2255-3598 (H.-F.T.)
| | - Hung-Fat Tse
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (J.Z.); (O.H.-I.C.); (Y.-L.T.)
- Centre of Translational Stem Cell Biology, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, China
- Correspondence: (K.-M.N.); (H.-F.T.); Tel.: +852-3917-9955 (K.-M.N.); +852-2255-3598 (H.-F.T.)
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Jauregui R, Parmann R, Nuzbrokh Y, Tsang SH, Sparrow JR. Stage-dependent choriocapillaris impairment in Best vitelliform macular dystrophy characterized by optical coherence tomography angiography. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14300. [PMID: 34253754 PMCID: PMC8275766 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93316-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterization of vascular impairment in Best vitelliform macular dystrophy (BVMD) is essential for the development of treatment modalities and therapy trials. As such, we seek to characterize the choriocapillaris (CC) at each stage of the disease process in 22 patients (44 eyes) with a diagnosis of BVMD confirmed by genetic sequencing. We utilize optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images to characterize the CC and correlate our findings to the status of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) as observed on short-wavelength fundus autofluorescence (SW-AF) images. We observed that in the vitelliruptive stage, the CC appeared as bright and granular in the area where the vitelliform lesion was present. In the atrophic stage, varying degrees of CC atrophy were observed within the lesion area, with the regions of CC atrophy appearing as hypoautofluorescent on SW-AF images. Our results suggest that the CC impairment observed in the vitelliruptive stage of BVMD progressively culminates in the CC atrophy observed at the atrophic stage. As such, OCTA imaging can be used to characterize CC impairment in BVMD patients as part of diagnosis and tracking of disease progression. Our findings suggest that the best window of opportunity for therapeutic approaches is before the atrophic stage, as it is during this stage that CC atrophy is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Jauregui
- Department of Ophthalmology, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 635 West 165th Street, Box 212, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Jonas Children's Vision Care, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rait Parmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 635 West 165th Street, Box 212, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Jonas Children's Vision Care, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yan Nuzbrokh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 635 West 165th Street, Box 212, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Jonas Children's Vision Care, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephen H Tsang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 635 West 165th Street, Box 212, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Jonas Children's Vision Care, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Janet R Sparrow
- Department of Ophthalmology, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 635 West 165th Street, Box 212, New York, NY, 10032, USA. .,Jonas Children's Vision Care, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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Klapholz B, Levy H, Kumbha R, Hosny N, D'Angelo ME, Hering BJ, Burlak C. Highly efficient multiplex genetic engineering of porcine primary fetal fibroblasts. Surg Open Sci 2020; 4:26-31. [PMID: 33937740 PMCID: PMC8074785 DOI: 10.1016/j.sopen.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genetically engineered porcine donors are a potential solution for the shortage of human organs for transplantation. Incompatibilities between humans and porcine donors are largely due to carbohydrate xenoantigens on the surface of porcine cells, provoking an immune response which leads to xenograft rejection. Materials and Methods Multiplex genetic knockout of GGTA1, β4GalNT2, and CMAH is predicted to increase the rate of xenograft survival, as described previously for GGTA1. In this study, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated protein 9 system was used to target genes relevant to xenotransplantation, and a method for highly efficient editing of multiple genes in primary porcine fibroblasts was described. Results Editing efficiencies greater than 85% were achieved for knockout of GGTA1, β4GalNT2, and CMAH. Conclusion The high-efficiency protocol presented here reduces scale and cost while accelerating the production of genetically engineered primary porcine fibroblast cells for in vitro studies and the production of animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Klapholz
- Horizon Discovery, 8100 Cambridge Research Park, Waterbeach, Cambridge CB25 9TL, UK
| | - Heather Levy
- Schulze Diabetes Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ramesh Kumbha
- Schulze Diabetes Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Nora Hosny
- Department of Surgery, Schulze Diabetes Institute, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Michael E D'Angelo
- Horizon Discovery, 8100 Cambridge Research Park, Waterbeach, Cambridge CB25 9TL, UK
| | - Bernhard J Hering
- Schulze Diabetes Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Christopher Burlak
- Schulze Diabetes Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Chang Y, Shao J, Gao Y, Liu W, Gao Z, Hu Y, Chang H. Reporter gene knock-in into Marc-145 cells using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated homologous recombination. Biotechnol Lett 2020; 42:1317-1325. [PMID: 32185620 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-020-02860-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Marc-145 cells (monkey embryonic kidney epithelial cells) play a critical role in the biotechnology industry as certain virus host cells. To investigate the expression of enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) gene as a foreign gene in Marc-145 cells, which we developed an approach of foreign gene site-specific knock-in into Marc-145 cells by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated 9 (Cas9) and putatively explored appropriate genomic recombination sites in Marc-145 cells. RESULTS Our study demonstrated that the specific homologous recombination (HR) site between the Rac GTPase activating protein 1 (RACGAP1) and the acid-sensing ion channel subunit 1 (ASIC1) genes of the 11th chromosome could be used as the target site of Cas9 for the generation of target gene knock-in into Marc-145 cells, by the insertion of the eGFP cassette into the specific HR site and subsequent expression. CONCLUSIONS Junction PCR, sequencing, Southern blot and fluorescence assay determined eGFP gene-specific knock-in HR site between the RACGAP1 and ASIC1 genes of the 11th chromosome, which was identified by the genomic safe harbours in Marc-145 cells. Our study encouraged a broader range of applications, such as Marc-145 cells development and engineering for virus adaption and yield increase in the vaccine biotechnology industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Junjun Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/China National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/China National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, China
| | - Zhan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/China National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, China
| | - Yonghao Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China.
| | - Huiyun Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/China National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, China.
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Abstract
: Rare bleeding disorders usually begin in childhood and manifest as varying degrees of bleeding, which can be life-threatening in severe cases. With the development of gene editing technology, it is expected that hereditary coagulation factor disorders will someday be fundamentally cured by gene therapy. On account of their rarity, comprehension of these diseases is essential for the application of new treatment strategies. We have compiled the features of some newly discovered mutations of prothrombin, factor VII, and factor X in recent years. In addition, this review introduces the advances and obstacles in gene therapy.
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Singh K, Evens H, Nair N, Rincón MY, Sarcar S, Samara-Kuko E, Chuah MK, VandenDriessche T. Efficient In Vivo Liver-Directed Gene Editing Using CRISPR/Cas9. Mol Ther 2018; 26:1241-1254. [PMID: 29599079 PMCID: PMC5993986 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In vivo tissue-specific genome editing at the desired loci is still a challenge. Here, we report that AAV9-delivery of truncated guide RNAs (gRNAs) and Cas9 under the control of a computationally designed hepatocyte-specific promoter lead to liver-specific and sequence-specific targeting in the mouse factor IX (F9) gene. The efficiency of in vivo targeting was assessed by T7E1 assays, site-specific Sanger sequencing, and deep sequencing of on-target and putative off-target sites. Though AAV9 transduction was apparent in multiple tissues and organs, Cas9 expression was restricted mainly to the liver, with only minimal or no expression in other non-hepatic tissues. Consequently, the insertions and deletion (indel) frequency was robust in the liver (up to 50%) in the desired target loci of the F9 gene, with no evidence of targeting in other organs or other putative off-target sites. This resulted in a substantial loss of FIX activity and the emergence of a bleeding phenotype, consistent with hemophilia B. The in vivo efficacy of the truncated gRNA was as high as that of full-length gRNA. Cas9 expression was transient in neonates, representing an attractive "hit-and-run" paradigm. Our findings have potentially broad implications for somatic gene targeting in the liver using the CRISPR/Cas9 platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kshitiz Singh
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hanneke Evens
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nisha Nair
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Melvin Y Rincón
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Centro de Investigaciones, Fundacion Cardiovascular de Colombia, 681004 Floridablanca, Colombia
| | - Shilpita Sarcar
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ermira Samara-Kuko
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marinee K Chuah
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Thierry VandenDriessche
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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11
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Johnson AA, Guziewicz KE, Lee CJ, Kalathur RC, Pulido JS, Marmorstein LY, Marmorstein AD. Bestrophin 1 and retinal disease. Prog Retin Eye Res 2017; 58:45-69. [PMID: 28153808 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the gene BEST1 are causally associated with as many as five clinically distinct retinal degenerative diseases, which are collectively referred to as the "bestrophinopathies". These five associated diseases are: Best vitelliform macular dystrophy, autosomal recessive bestrophinopathy, adult-onset vitelliform macular dystrophy, autosomal dominant vitreoretinochoroidopathy, and retinitis pigmentosa. The most common of these is Best vitelliform macular dystrophy. Bestrophin 1 (Best1), the protein encoded by the gene BEST1, has been the subject of a great deal of research since it was first identified nearly two decades ago. Today we know that Best1 functions as both a pentameric anion channel and a regulator of intracellular Ca2+ signaling. Best1 is an integral membrane protein which, within the eye, is uniquely expressed in the retinal pigment epithelium where it predominantly localizes to the basolateral plasma membrane. Within the brain, Best1 expression has been documented in both glial cells and astrocytes where it functions in both tonic GABA release and glutamate transport. The crystal structure of Best1 has revealed critical information about how Best1 functions as an ion channel and how Ca2+ regulates that function. Studies using animal models have led to critical insights into the physiological roles of Best1 and advances in stem cell technology have allowed for the development of patient-derived, "disease in a dish" models. In this article we review our knowledge of Best1 and discuss prospects for near-term clinical trials to test therapies for the bestrophinopathies, a currently incurable and untreatable set of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adiv A Johnson
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Nikon Instruments, Melville, NY, USA
| | - Karina E Guziewicz
- Department of Clinical Studies-Philadelphia, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - C Justin Lee
- Center for Neuroscience and Functional Connectomics, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ravi C Kalathur
- New York Structural Biology Center, New York Consortium on Membrane Protein Structure, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jose S Pulido
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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12
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Horvath P, Aulner N, Bickle M, Davies AM, Nery ED, Ebner D, Montoya MC, Östling P, Pietiäinen V, Price LS, Shorte SL, Turcatti G, von Schantz C, Carragher NO. Screening out irrelevant cell-based models of disease. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2016; 15:751-769. [PMID: 27616293 DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2016.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The common and persistent failures to translate promising preclinical drug candidates into clinical success highlight the limited effectiveness of disease models currently used in drug discovery. An apparent reluctance to explore and adopt alternative cell- and tissue-based model systems, coupled with a detachment from clinical practice during assay validation, contributes to ineffective translational research. To help address these issues and stimulate debate, here we propose a set of principles to facilitate the definition and development of disease-relevant assays, and we discuss new opportunities for exploiting the latest advances in cell-based assay technologies in drug discovery, including induced pluripotent stem cells, three-dimensional (3D) co-culture and organ-on-a-chip systems, complemented by advances in single-cell imaging and gene editing technologies. Funding to support precompetitive, multidisciplinary collaborations to develop novel preclinical models and cell-based screening technologies could have a key role in improving their clinical relevance, and ultimately increase clinical success rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Horvath
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged H-6726, Hungary; and at the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland.,European Cell-Based Assays Interest Group
| | - Nathalie Aulner
- Imagopole-Citech, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France.,European Cell-Based Assays Interest Group
| | - Marc Bickle
- Technology Development Studio, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden 01307, Germany.,European Cell-Based Assays Interest Group
| | - Anthony M Davies
- Translational Cell Imaging Queensland (TCIQ), Institute of Health Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4102 QLD, Australia; and The Irish National Centre for High Content Screening and Analysis, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Phase 3 Trinity Health Sciences 1.20, St James Hospital, Dublin D8, Republic of Ireland.,European Cell-Based Assays Interest Group
| | - Elaine Del Nery
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Department of Translational Research, The Biophenics High-Content Screening Laboratory, Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility (PICT-IBiSA), F-75005, Paris, France.,European Cell-Based Assays Interest Group
| | - Daniel Ebner
- Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK.,European Cell-Based Assays Interest Group
| | - Maria C Montoya
- Cellomics Unit, Cell Biology &Physiology Program, Cell &Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid 28029, Spain.,European Cell-Based Assays Interest Group
| | - Päivi Östling
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland.,Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17165, Sweden.,European Cell-Based Assays Interest Group
| | - Vilja Pietiäinen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland.,European Cell-Based Assays Interest Group
| | - Leo S Price
- Faculty of Science, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Toxicology, Universiteit Leiden, The Netherlands; and at OcellO, J.H Oortweg 21, 2333 CH, Leiden, The Netherlands.,European Cell-Based Assays Interest Group
| | - Spencer L Shorte
- Imagopole-Citech, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France.,European Cell-Based Assays Interest Group
| | - Gerardo Turcatti
- Biomolecular Screening Facility, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland.,European Cell-Based Assays Interest Group
| | - Carina von Schantz
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland.,European Cell-Based Assays Interest Group
| | - Neil O Carragher
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK.,European Cell-Based Assays Interest Group
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13
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Goldstein AM, Thapar N, Karunaratne TB, De Giorgio R. Clinical aspects of neurointestinal disease: Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Dev Biol 2016; 417:217-28. [PMID: 27059882 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The enteric nervous system (ENS) is involved in the regulation of virtually all gut functions. Conditions referred to as enteric neuropathies are the result of various mechanisms including abnormal development, degeneration or loss of enteric neurons that affect the structure and functional integrity of the ENS. In the past decade, clinical and molecular research has led to important conceptual advances in our knowledge of the pathogenetic mechanisms of these disorders. In this review we consider ENS disorders from a clinical perspective and highlight the advancing knowledge regarding their pathophysiology. We also review current therapies for these diseases and present potential novel reparative approaches for their treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan M Goldstein
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Center for Neurointestinal Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Nikhil Thapar
- Division of Neurogastroenterology and Motility, Department of Gastroenterology, UCL Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Tennekoon Buddhika Karunaratne
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Gastrointestinal System, University of Bologna and St. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy; Centro di Ricerca BioMedica Applicata (C.R.B.A.), University of Bologna and St. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto De Giorgio
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Gastrointestinal System, University of Bologna and St. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy; Centro di Ricerca BioMedica Applicata (C.R.B.A.), University of Bologna and St. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
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14
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Ma SP, Vunjak-Novakovic G. Tissue-Engineering for the Study of Cardiac Biomechanics. J Biomech Eng 2016; 138:021010. [PMID: 26720588 PMCID: PMC4845250 DOI: 10.1115/1.4032355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The notion that both adaptive and maladaptive cardiac remodeling occurs in response to mechanical loading has informed recent progress in cardiac tissue engineering. Today, human cardiac tissues engineered in vitro offer complementary knowledge to that currently provided by animal models, with profound implications to personalized medicine. We review here recent advances in the understanding of the roles of mechanical signals in normal and pathological cardiac function, and their application in clinical translation of tissue engineering strategies to regenerative medicine and in vitro study of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P. Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,
Columbia University,
622 West 168th Street,
VC12-234,
New York, NY 10032
e-mail:
| | - Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
and Department of Medicine,
Columbia University,
622 West 168th Street,
VC12-234,
New York, NY 10032
e-mail:
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15
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Wu J, Hunt SD, Xue H, Liu Y, Darabi R. Generation and validation of PAX7 reporter lines from human iPS cells using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Stem Cell Res 2016; 16:220-8. [PMID: 26826926 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Directed differentiation of iPS cells toward various tissue progenitors has been the focus of recent research. Therefore, generation of tissue-specific reporter iPS cell lines provides better understanding of developmental stages in iPS cells. This technical report describes an efficient strategy for generation and validation of knock-in reporter lines in human iPS cells using the Cas9-nickase system. Here, we have generated a knock-in human iPS cell line for the early myogenic lineage specification gene of PAX7. By introduction of site-specific double-stranded breaks (DSB) in the genomic locus of PAX7 using CRISPR/Cas9 nickase pairs, a 2A-GFP reporter with selection markers has been incorporated before the stop codon of the PAX7 gene at the last exon. After positive and negative selection, single cell-derived human iPS clones have been isolated and sequenced for in-frame positioning of the reporter construct. Finally, by using a nuclease-dead Cas9 activator (dCas9-VP160) system, the promoter region of PAX7 has been targeted for transient gene induction to validate the GFP reporter activity. This was confirmed by flow cytometry analysis and immunostaining for PAX7 and GFP. This technical report provides a practical guideline for generation and validation of knock-in reporters using CRISPR/Cas9 system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Wu
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (CSCRM), The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases (IMM), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Samuel D Hunt
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (CSCRM), The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases (IMM), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Haipeng Xue
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (CSCRM), The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases (IMM), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases (IMM), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ying Liu
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (CSCRM), The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases (IMM), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases (IMM), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; The Senator Lloyd & B.A. Bentsen Center for Stroke Research, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases (IMM), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Radbod Darabi
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (CSCRM), The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases (IMM), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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16
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Wu J, Hunt SD, Xue H, Liu Y, Darabi R. Generation and Characterization of a MYF5 Reporter Human iPS Cell Line Using CRISPR/Cas9 Mediated Homologous Recombination. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18759. [PMID: 26729410 PMCID: PMC4700424 DOI: 10.1038/srep18759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human iPS cells hold great promise for disease modeling and treatment of degenerative disorders including muscular dystrophies. Although a few research groups have used them for skeletal muscle differentiation, most were based on gene over-expression or long-term mesenchymal differentiation and retrospective identification of myogenic cells. Therefore, this study was aimed to generate a knock-in reporter human iPS cell line for MYF5, as an early myogenic specification gene, to allow prospective identification and purification of myogenic progenitors from human iPS cells. By using a CRISPR/Cas9 double nickase strategy, a 2A-GFP reporter was inserted before the stop codon of the MYF5 gene using homologous recombination. This approach allowed for highly efficient in-frame targeting of MYF5 in human iPS cells. Furthermore, in order to prove the reporter function, endogenous MYF5 expression was induced using a novel dead Cas9-VP160 transcriptional activator. Induced clones demonstrated appropriate MYF5-GFP co-expression. Finally, to confirm the differentiation potential, reporter human iPS clones were differentiated through embryoid body method and MYF5-GFP+ myogenic cells were sorted and characterized. These data provides valuable guidelines for generation of knock-in reporter human iPS cell lines for myogenic genes which can be used for disease modeling, drug screening, gene correction and future in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Wu
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (CSCRM), Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Samuel D Hunt
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (CSCRM), Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Haipeng Xue
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (CSCRM), Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ying Liu
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (CSCRM), Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,The Senator Lloyd &B.A. Bentsen Center for Stroke Research, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Radbod Darabi
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (CSCRM), Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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17
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Li S, Xue H, Wu J, Rao MS, Kim DH, Deng W, Liu Y. Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell NEUROG2 Dual Knockin Reporter Lines Generated by the CRISPR/Cas9 System. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:2925-42. [PMID: 26414932 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2015.0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) technologies are powerful tools for modeling development and disease, drug screening, and regenerative medicine. Faithful gene targeting in hiPSCs greatly facilitates these applications. We have developed a fast and precise clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR associated protein 9 (Cas9) technology-based method and obtained fluorescent protein and antibiotic resistance dual knockin reporters in hiPSC lines for neurogenin2 (NEUROG2), an important proneural transcription factor. Gene targeting efficiency was greatly improved in CRISPR/Cas9-mediated homology directed recombination (∼ 33% correctly targeted clones) compared to conventional targeting protocol (∼ 3%) at the same locus. No off-target events were detected. In addition, taking the advantage of the versatile applications of the CRISPR/Cas9 system, we designed transactivation components to transiently induce NEUROG2 expression, which helps identify transcription factor binding sites and trans-regulation regions of human NEUROG2. The strategy of using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing coupled with fluorescence-activated cell sorting of neural progenitor cells in a knockin lineage hiPSC reporter platform might be broadly applicable in other stem cell derivatives and subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglan Li
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School, the Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston, Texas.,2 Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, the Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston, Texas
| | - Haipeng Xue
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School, the Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston, Texas.,2 Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, the Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston, Texas
| | - Jianbo Wu
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School, the Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston, Texas.,2 Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, the Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston, Texas
| | - Mahendra S Rao
- 3 The New York Stem Cell Foundation , New York, New York
| | - Dong H Kim
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School, the Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston, Texas.,2 Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, the Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston, Texas
| | - Wenbin Deng
- 4 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , Davis, California.,5 Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children , Sacramento, California
| | - Ying Liu
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School, the Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston, Texas.,2 Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, the Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston, Texas.,6 The Senator Lloyd and B.A. Bentsen Center for Stroke Research, the Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston, Texas
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18
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Liu Y, Deng W. Reverse engineering human neurodegenerative disease using pluripotent stem cell technology. Brain Res 2015; 1638:30-41. [PMID: 26423934 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
With the technology of reprogramming somatic cells by introducing defined transcription factors that enables the generation of "induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)" with pluripotency comparable to that of embryonic stem cells (ESCs), it has become possible to use this technology to produce various cells and tissues that have been difficult to obtain from living bodies. This advancement is bringing forth rapid progress in iPSC-based disease modeling, drug screening, and regenerative medicine. More and more studies have demonstrated that phenotypes of adult-onset neurodegenerative disorders could be rather faithfully recapitulated in iPSC-derived neural cell cultures. Moreover, despite the adult-onset nature of the diseases, pathogenic phenotypes and cellular abnormalities often exist in early developmental stages, providing new "windows of opportunity" for understanding mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative disorders and for discovering new medicines. The cell reprogramming technology enables a reverse engineering approach for modeling the cellular degenerative phenotypes of a wide range of human disorders. An excellent example is the study of the human neurodegenerative disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) using iPSCs. ALS is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of upper and lower motor neurons (MNs), culminating in muscle wasting and death from respiratory failure. The iPSC approach provides innovative cell culture platforms to serve as ALS patient-derived model systems. Researchers have converted iPSCs derived from ALS patients into MNs and various types of glial cells, all of which are involved in ALS, to study the disease. The iPSC technology could be used to determine the role of specific genetic factors to track down what's wrong in the neurodegenerative disease process in the "disease-in-a-dish" model. Meanwhile, parallel experiments of targeting the same specific genes in human ESCs could also be performed to control and to complement the iPSC-based approach for ALS disease modeling studies. Much knowledge has been generated from the study of both ALS iPSCs and ESCs. As these methods have advantages and disadvantages that should be balanced on experimental design in order for them to complement one another, combining the diverse methods would help build an expanded knowledge of ALS pathophysiology. The goals are to reverse engineer the human disease using ESCs and iPSCs, generate lineage reporter lines and in vitro disease models, target disease related genes, in order to better understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms of differentiation regulation along neural (neuronal versus glial) lineages, to unravel the pathogenesis of the neurodegenerative disease, and to provide appropriate cell sources for replacement therapy. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI: PSC and the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, the Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Wenbin Deng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA, USA.
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19
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Larcher F, Del Río M. Innovative Therapeutic Strategies for Recessive Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adengl.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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20
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Larcher F, Del Río M. Innovative therapeutic strategies for recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2015; 106:376-82. [PMID: 25796272 DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2015.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) is among the most serious rare skin diseases. It is also the rare skin disease for which most effort has been expended in developing advanced therapeutic interventions. RDEB is caused by collagen VII deficiency resulting from COL7A1 mutations. Therapeutic approaches seek to replenish collagen VII and thus restore dermal-epidermal adhesion. Therapeutic options under development include protein therapy and different cell-based and gene-based therapies. In addition to treating skin defects, some of these therapies may also target internal mucosa. In the coming years, these novel therapeutic approaches should substantially improve the quality of life of patients with RDEB.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Larcher
- División de Biomedicina Epitelial, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, España; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, España; Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de la Fundación Jimenez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, España.
| | - M Del Río
- División de Biomedicina Epitelial, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, España; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, España; Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de la Fundación Jimenez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, España; Departamento de Bioingeniería, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M), Madrid, España
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Carpenter MK, Rao MS. Concise review: making and using clinically compliant pluripotent stem cell lines. Stem Cells Transl Med 2015; 4:381-8. [PMID: 25722426 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2014-0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The field of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) is in a state of dynamic flux driven by significant advances in the derivation of specific phenotypes from embryonic stem cells, breakthroughs in somatic cell nuclear transfer, and dramatic improvements in generating induced PSCs using zero footprint methods. Spurred by these technological advances, companies have begun to plan clinical studies using human PSC derivatives manufactured in current Good Manufacturing Practice-compliant conditions. In the present review, we discuss the challenges in making these biological products, starting from tissue sourcing to the processes involved in manufacture, storage, and distribution. Additional challenges exist to meeting the regulatory requirements and keeping costs affordable. A model is described that has been proposed by the U.S. National Institutes of Health for reducing the costs and permitting flexibility and innovation by individual investigators. This model, combined with small adjustments in the regulatory processes tailored to address the unique properties of PSCs, has the potential of significantly accelerating the implementation of PSC-based cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa K Carpenter
- Carpenter Group Consulting Inc., Black Diamond, Washington, USA; NxCell Inc., Novato, California, USA; Q Therapeutics Inc., Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Mahendra S Rao
- Carpenter Group Consulting Inc., Black Diamond, Washington, USA; NxCell Inc., Novato, California, USA; Q Therapeutics Inc., Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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