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Simulated microgravity reduces quality of ovarian follicles and oocytes by disrupting communications of follicle cells. NPJ Microgravity 2023; 9:7. [PMID: 36690655 PMCID: PMC9870914 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-023-00248-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian follicles are the fundamental structures that support oocyte development, and communications between oocytes and follicle somatic cells are crucial for oogenesis. However, it is unknown that whether exposure to microgravity influences cellular communications and ovarian follicle development, which might be harmful for female fertility. By 3D culturing of ovarian follicles under simulated microgravity (SMG) conditions in a rotating cell culture system, we found that SMG treatment did not affect the survival or general growth of follicles but decreased the quality of cultured follicles released oocytes. Ultrastructure detections by high-resolution imaging showed that the development of cellular communicating structures, including granulosa cell transzonal projections and oocyte microvilli, were markedly disrupted. These abnormalities caused chaotic polarity of granulosa cells (GCs) and a decrease in oocyte-secreted factors, such as Growth Differentiation Factor 9 (GDF9), which led to decreased quality of oocytes in these follicles. Therefore, the quality of oocytes was dramatically improved by the supplementations of GDF9 and NADPH-oxidase inhibitor apocynin. Together, our results suggest that exposure to simulated microgravity impairs the ultrastructure of ovarian follicles. Such impairment may affect female fertility in space environment.
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Response of Pluripotent Stem Cells to Environmental Stress and Its Application for Directed Differentiation. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10020084. [PMID: 33498611 PMCID: PMC7912122 DOI: 10.3390/biology10020084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Environmental changes in oxygen concentration, temperature, and mechanical stimulation lead to the activation of specific transcriptional factors and induce the expression of each downstream gene. In general, these responses are protective machinery against such environmental stresses, while these transcriptional factors also regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, and organ development in mammals. In the case of pluripotent stem cells, similar response mechanisms normally work and sometimes stimulate the differentiation cues. Up to now, differentiation protocols utilizing such environmental stresses have been reported to obtain various types of somatic cells from pluripotent stem cells. Basically, environmental stresses as hypoxia (low oxygen), hyperoxia, (high oxygen) and mechanical stress from cell culture plates are relatively safer than chemicals and gene transfers, which affect the genome irreversibly. Therefore, protocols designed with such environments in mind could be useful for the technology development of cell therapy and regenerative medicine. In this manuscript, we summarize recent findings of environmental stress-induced differentiation protocols and discuss their mechanisms. Abstract Pluripotent stem cells have unique characteristics compared to somatic cells. In this review, we summarize the response to environmental stresses (hypoxic, oxidative, thermal, and mechanical stresses) in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and their applications in the differentiation methods directed to specific lineages. Those stresses lead to activation of each specific transcription factor followed by the induction of downstream genes, and one of them regulates lineage specification. In short, hypoxic stress promotes the differentiation of ESCs to mesodermal lineages via HIF-1α activation. Concerning mechanical stress, high stiffness tends to promote mesodermal differentiation, while low stiffness promotes ectodermal differentiation via the modulation of YAP1. Furthermore, each step in the same lineage differentiation favors each appropriate stiffness of culture plate; for example, definitive endoderm favors high stiffness, while pancreatic progenitor favors low stiffness during pancreatic differentiation of human ESCs. Overall, treatments utilizing those stresses have no genotoxic or carcinogenic effects except oxidative stress; therefore, the differentiated cells are safe and could be useful for cell replacement therapy. In particular, the effect of mechanical stress on differentiation is becoming attractive for the field of regenerative medicine. Therefore, the development of a stress-mediated differentiation protocol is an important matter for the future.
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Grimm D, Wehland M, Corydon TJ, Richter P, Prasad B, Bauer J, Egli M, Kopp S, Lebert M, Krüger M. The effects of microgravity on differentiation and cell growth in stem cells and cancer stem cells. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 9:882-894. [PMID: 32352658 PMCID: PMC7381804 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A spaceflight has enormous influence on the health of space voyagers due to the combined effects of microgravity and cosmic radiation. Known effects of microgravity (μg) on cells are changes in differentiation and growth. Considering the commercialization of spaceflight, future space exploration, and long-term manned flights, research focusing on differentiation and growth of stem cells and cancer cells exposed to real (r-) and simulated (s-) μg is of high interest for regenerative medicine and cancer research. In this review, we focus on platforms to study r- and s-μg as well as the impact of μg on cancer stem cells in the field of gastrointestinal cancer, lung cancer, and osteosarcoma. Moreover, we review the current knowledge of different types of stem cells exposed to μg conditions with regard to differentiation and engineering of cartilage, bone, vasculature, heart, skin, and liver constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Grimm
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Markus Wehland
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Thomas J Corydon
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Ophthalmology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Peter Richter
- Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Binod Prasad
- Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johann Bauer
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Marcel Egli
- Institute of Medical Engineering, Space Biology Group, Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Hergiswil, Switzerland
| | - Sascha Kopp
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Lebert
- Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Space Biology Unlimited SAS, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marcus Krüger
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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Nanofat Cell Aggregates: A Nearly Constitutive Stromal Cell Inoculum for Regenerative Site-Specific Therapies. Plast Reconstr Surg 2020; 144:1079-1088. [PMID: 31454336 PMCID: PMC6818980 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000006155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Recent technology developed by Tulip Medical Products allows clinicians to mechanically disaggregate fat tissue into small fat particles known as nanofat. The present study aimed to evaluate the cell yield obtained from nanofat generation in comparison to traditional methods involving enzymatic dissociation (stromal vascular fraction).
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Barzegari A, Gueguen V, Omidi Y, Ostadrahimi A, Nouri M, Pavon‐Djavid G. The role of Hippo signaling pathway and mechanotransduction in tuning embryoid body formation and differentiation. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:5072-5083. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Barzegari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical SciencesTabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Virginie Gueguen
- INSERM U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Cardiovascular BioengineeringUniversité Paris 13 Paris France
| | - Yadollah Omidi
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical NanotechnologyTabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of PharmacyTabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Alireza Ostadrahimi
- Nutrition Research CenterTabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food SciencesTabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Mohammad Nouri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical SciencesTabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of MedicineTabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Graciela Pavon‐Djavid
- INSERM U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Cardiovascular BioengineeringUniversité Paris 13 Paris France
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Lei X, Cao Y, Zhang Y, Qian J, Zhao Q, Liu F, Zhang T, Zhou J, Gu Y, Xia G, Duan E. Effect of microgravity on proliferation and differentiation of embryonic stem cells in an automated culturing system during the TZ-1 space mission. Cell Prolif 2018; 51:e12466. [PMID: 29999554 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite a great number of studies analysing the effects of microgravity on stem cell proliferation and differentiation, few of them have focused on real-time imaging estimates in space. Herein, we utilized the TZ-1 cargo spacecraft, automatic cell culture equipment and live cell imaging techniques to examine the effects of real microgravity on the proliferation and differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS Oct4-GFP, Brachyury-GFP mESC and Oct4-GFP mESC-derived EBs were used as experimental samples in the TZ-1 spaceflight mission. These samples were seeded into chambers, cultured in an automatic cell culture device and were transported into space during the TZ-1 mission. Over 15 days of spaceflight, bright field and fluorescent images of cell growth were taken in micrography, and the medium was changed every day. Real-time image data were transferred to the ground for analysis. RESULTS Space microgravity maintains stemness and long-term survival of mESCs, promising 3D aggregate formation. Although microgravity did not significantly prevent the migration of EBs on the ECM substrate, it did prevent terminal differentiation of cells. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that space microgravity might play a potential role in supporting 3D cell growth and maintenance of stemness in embryonic stem cells, while it may negatively affect terminal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yujing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fangwu Liu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaxi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Gu
- Central Sterile Supply Department, 306 Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Guoliang Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Enkui Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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