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Salama MM, Aborehab NM, El Mahdy NM, Zayed A, Ezzat SM. Nanotechnology in leukemia: diagnosis, efficient-targeted drug delivery, and clinical trials. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:566. [PMID: 38053150 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01539-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukemia is a group of malignant disorders which affect the blood and blood-forming tissues in the bone marrow, lymphatic system, and spleen. Many types of leukemia exist; thus, their diagnosis and treatment are somewhat complicated. The use of conventional strategies for treatment such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy may develop many side effects and toxicity. Hence, modern research is concerned with the development of specific nano-formulations for targeted delivery of anti-leukemic drugs avoiding toxic effects on normal cells. Nanostructures can be applied not only in treatment but also in diagnosis. In this article, types of leukemia, its causes, diagnosis as well as conventional treatment of leukemia shall be reviewed. Then, the use of nanoparticles in diagnosis of leukemia and synthesis of nanocarriers for efficient delivery of anti-leukemia drugs being investigated in in vivo and clinical studies. Therefore, it may contribute to the discovery of novel and emerging nanoparticles for targeted treatment of leukemia with less side effects and toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha M Salama
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El Sherouk City, Suez Desert Road, Cairo, 11837, Egypt
| | - Nora M Aborehab
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, 12451, Egypt
| | - Nihal M El Mahdy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, 12451, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Zayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Elguish Street (Medical Campus), Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Shahira M Ezzat
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, 12451, Egypt.
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2
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Shahrokh B, Allahbakhshian FM, Ahmad G, Fatemeh F, Hossein MM. AML-derived extracellular vesicles negatively regulate stem cell pool size: A step toward bone marrow failure. Curr Res Transl Med 2023; 71:103375. [PMID: 36508911 DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2022.103375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Long-term repopulating hematopoietic stem cells (LTR-HSCs) have been previously shown to reside in close proximity to osteoblasts, where they take shelter in the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment against cytotoxic and apoptotic stimuli. Nevertheless, the function of the HSC niche is believed to undergo an adaptive evolutionary modification during leukemogenesis. Recent studies have demonstrated that leukemic clones can impact BM homing through extracellular vesicle (EV) secretion. However, the exact mechanism driving BM conversion is still unclear. In the present study, the human osteoblast cell line (MG-63) were subjected to various concentration of sera-derived EVs of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and healthy volunteers to assess if they are associated strongly enough to alter the expression pattern of cross-talk molecules involved in niche interactions. METHOD To gain a brief insight into the EVs secretion criteria, we first conducted a comparative analysis of sera-derived EVs by dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Bradford assay. After incubating MG-63 cell lines with increasing concentrations of the EVs, Trypan-blue and microculture tetrazolium test (MTT) assays were used to evaluate the cell survival, logarithmic growth, and metabolic activity. Finally, the expression levels of OPN, ANGPT-1, and JAG-1 transcripts were evaluated through the qRT-PCR technique. RESULTS Here, we report that AML-derived EVs can affect the viability, cell growth, and metabolic activity of the human osteoblasts cell line (MG-63) compared to those that received healthy-derived EVs. We also found that leukemic EVs tend to induce overexpression of OPN but reduce the expression of ANGPT-1 and JAG-1 genes in the osteoblast transcriptome, which may provide a potential context imposing selective suppression of HSC pool size. CONCLUSION These findings extend the general concept of a novel mechanism in which leukemic EVs would make it possible to create a specialized pre-metastatic microenvironment in the interest of tumor expansion, allowing leukemic clones to overcome their HSCs counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahrampour Shahrokh
- Laboratory Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farsani Mehdi Allahbakhshian
- Laboratory Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; HSCT Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gharehbaghian Ahmad
- Laboratory Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Feizi Fatemeh
- Laboratory Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadi Mohammad Hossein
- Laboratory Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; HSCT Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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3
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Zhang J, Zeng L, Wang Y, Pan J, Li X, Feng B, Yang Q. Gene Mutations Related to Glucocorticoid Resistance in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:831229. [PMID: 35733807 PMCID: PMC9207762 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.831229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the correlation between gene mutations and glucocorticoid resistance in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). METHODS A total of 71 children with ALL admitted to our center between September 2019 and September 2021 were enrolled. DNA obtained from bone marrow or peripheral blood samples at initial diagnosis was used for genetic testing via whole exome sequencing. Meanwhile, patient clinical information was collected. Subsequently, the correlations of gene mutations with clinical features and glucocorticoid resistance were analyzed. RESULTS Of the 71 children enrolled, 61 (85.9%) had B-cell ALL (B-ALL) and 10 (14.1%) had T-cell ALL (T-ALL). The five genes with the highest mutation frequency in B-ALL were TTN (24.4%), FLT3 (14.6%), TP53 (14.6%), MUC16 (9.8%), and EPPK1 (9.8%). In contrast, those with the highest frequency in T-ALL were NOTCH1 (54.5%), FBXW7 (27.3%), TTN (27.3%), MUC16 (27.3%), and PHF6 (18.2%). Upon statistical analysis, TTN and NOTCH1 mutations were found to be associated with prednisone resistance. Further, TTN and MUC16 mutations were associated with a lower age at diagnosis, and NOTCH1 mutations were associated with T-ALL in female patients. Leukocyte counts and LDH levels did not differ based on the presence of any common gene mutation, and no association between these gene mutations and overall survival was observed. CONCLUSIONS Our study is the first to demonstrate the association between TTN mutation and glucocorticoid resistance in ALL. Our findings could guide strategies for overcoming drug resistance and aid in the development of drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- JinFang Zhang
- Department of Paediatric Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - LingJi Zeng
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - YuLian Wang
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - JianWei Pan
- Department of Paediatric Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - XingDong Li
- Department of Paediatric Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bei Feng
- Department of Paediatric Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Quan Yang
- Department of Paediatric Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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4
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Fang-Fang Z, You Y, Wen-Jun L. Progress in research on childhood T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia, Notch1 signaling pathway, and its inhibitors: A review. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2021; 21:136-144. [PMID: 32415821 PMCID: PMC7982061 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2020.4687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood leukemia is cancer that seriously threatens the life of children in China. Poor sensitivity to chemotherapy and susceptibility to drug resistance are the reasons for the treatment of T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia (T-ALL) being extremely difficult. Moreover, traditional intensive chemotherapy regimens cause great damage to children. Therefore, it is highly important to search for targeted drugs and develop a precise individualized treatment for child patients. There are activating mutations in the NOTCH1 gene in more than 50% of human T-ALLs and the Notch signaling pathway is involved in the pathogenesis of T-ALL. In this review, we summarize the progress in research on T-ALL and Notch1 signaling pathway inhibitors to provide a theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of T-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Fang-Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China; Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Birth Defects Clinical Medical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
| | - Yang You
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China; Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Birth Defects Clinical Medical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
| | - Liu Wen-Jun
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China; Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Birth Defects Clinical Medical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
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5
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Nguyen TL, Nokin MJ, Terés S, Tomé M, Bodineau C, Galmar O, Pasquet JM, Rousseau B, van Liempd S, Falcon-Perez JM, Richard E, Muzotte E, Rezvani HR, Priault M, Bouchecareilh M, Redonnet-Vernhet I, Calvo J, Uzan B, Pflumio F, Fuentes P, Toribio ML, Khatib AM, Soubeyran P, Murdoch PDS, Durán RV. Downregulation of Glutamine Synthetase, not glutaminolysis, is responsible for glutamine addiction in Notch1-driven acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:1412-1431. [PMID: 33314742 PMCID: PMC8096784 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The cellular receptor Notch1 is a central regulator of T-cell development, and as a consequence, Notch1 pathway appears upregulated in > 65% of the cases of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). However, strategies targeting Notch1 signaling render only modest results in the clinic due to treatment resistance and severe side effects. While many investigations reported the different aspects of tumor cell growth and leukemia progression controlled by Notch1, less is known regarding the modifications of cellular metabolism induced by Notch1 upregulation in T-ALL. Previously, glutaminolysis inhibition has been proposed to synergize with anti-Notch therapies in T-ALL models. In this work, we report that Notch1 upregulation in T-ALL induced a change in the metabolism of the important amino acid glutamine, preventing glutamine synthesis through the downregulation of glutamine synthetase (GS). Downregulation of GS was responsible for glutamine addiction in Notch1-driven T-ALL both in vitro and in vivo. Our results also confirmed an increase in glutaminolysis mediated by Notch1. Increased glutaminolysis resulted in the activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway, a central controller of cell growth. However, glutaminolysis did not play any role in Notch1-induced glutamine addiction. Finally, the combined treatment targeting mTORC1 and limiting glutamine availability had a synergistic effect to induce apoptosis and to prevent Notch1-driven leukemia progression. Our results placed glutamine limitation and mTORC1 inhibition as a potential therapy against Notch1-driven leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tra Ly Nguyen
- Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, INSERM U1218, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Marie-Julie Nokin
- Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, INSERM U1218, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Silvia Terés
- Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, INSERM U1218, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Mercedes Tomé
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa - CABIMER, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Sevilla, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain.,Angiogenesis and Cancer Microenvironment Laboratory INSERM U1029, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Clément Bodineau
- Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, INSERM U1218, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France.,Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa - CABIMER, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Sevilla, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Oriane Galmar
- Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, INSERM U1218, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | | | - Benoit Rousseau
- Service Commun des Animaleries, University of Bordeaux, France
| | - Sebastian van Liempd
- Exosomes Laboratory and Platform of Metabolomics, CIC bioGUNE, CIBERehd, Derio, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Falcon-Perez
- Exosomes Laboratory and Platform of Metabolomics, CIC bioGUNE, CIBERehd, Derio, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Elodie Richard
- Institut Bergonié, INSERM U1218, University of Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | - Muriel Priault
- Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, CNRS UMR 5095, Université de Bordeaux, France
| | - Marion Bouchecareilh
- Bordeaux Research in Translational Oncology, INSERM U1053, Université de Bordeaux, France
| | - Isabelle Redonnet-Vernhet
- Maladies Héréditaires du Métabolisme, Laboratoire de Biochimie, Hôpital Pellegrin, CHU Bordeaux, France
| | - Julien Calvo
- UMR967, Inserm, CEA, Université Paris 7, Université Paris 11, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Benjamin Uzan
- UMR967, Inserm, CEA, Université Paris 7, Université Paris 11, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Françoise Pflumio
- UMR967, Inserm, CEA, Université Paris 7, Université Paris 11, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Patricia Fuentes
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria L Toribio
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - Abdel-Majid Khatib
- Angiogenesis and Cancer Microenvironment Laboratory INSERM U1029, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | | | - Piedad Del Socorro Murdoch
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa - CABIMER, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Sevilla, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | - Raúl V Durán
- Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, INSERM U1218, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France.,Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa - CABIMER, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Sevilla, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
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6
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Solanki A, Yánez DC, Lau CI, Rowell J, Barbarulo A, Ross S, Sahni H, Crompton T. The transcriptional repressor Bcl6 promotes pre-TCR-induced thymocyte differentiation and attenuates Notch1 activation. Development 2020; 147:dev.192203. [PMID: 32907850 DOI: 10.1242/dev.192203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pre-T-cell receptor (TCR) signal transduction is required for developing thymocytes to differentiate from CD4-CD8- double-negative (DN) cell to CD4+CD8+ double-positive (DP) cell. Notch signalling is required for T-cell fate specification and must be maintained throughout β-selection, but inappropriate Notch activation in DN4 and DP cells is oncogenic. Here, we show that pre-TCR signalling leads to increased expression of the transcriptional repressor Bcl6 and that Bcl6 is required for differentiation to DP. Conditional deletion of Bcl6 from thymocytes reduced pre-TCR-induced differentiation to DP cells, disrupted expansion and enrichment of intracellular TCRβ+ cells within the DN population and increased DN4 cell death. Deletion also increased Notch1 activation and Notch-mediated transcription in the DP population. Thus, Bcl6 is required in thymocyte development for efficient differentiation from DN3 to DP and to attenuate Notch1 activation in DP cells. Given the importance of inappropriate NOTCH1 signalling in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL), and the involvement of BCL6 in other types of leukaemia, this study is important to our understanding of T-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisha Solanki
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Diana C Yánez
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Ching-In Lau
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Jasmine Rowell
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Alessandro Barbarulo
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Susan Ross
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Hemant Sahni
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Tessa Crompton
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
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7
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Pagliaro L, Sorrentino C, Roti G. Targeting Notch Trafficking and Processing in Cancers. Cells 2020; 9:E2212. [PMID: 33003595 PMCID: PMC7600097 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Notch family comprises a group of four ligand-dependent receptors that control evolutionarily conserved developmental and homeostatic processes and transmit signals to the microenvironment. NOTCH undergoes remodeling, maturation, and trafficking in a series of post-translational events, including glycosylation, ubiquitination, and endocytosis. The regulatory modifications occurring in the endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi precede the intramembrane γ-secretase proteolysis and the transfer of active NOTCH to the nucleus. Hence, NOTCH proteins coexist in different subcellular compartments and undergo continuous relocation. Various factors, including ion concentration, enzymatic activity, and co-regulatory elements control Notch trafficking. Interfering with these regulatory mechanisms represents an innovative therapeutic way to bar oncogenic Notch signaling. In this review, we briefly summarize the role of Notch signaling in cancer and describe the protein modifications required for NOTCH to relocate across different subcellular compartments. We focus on the functional relationship between these modifications and the corresponding therapeutic options, and our findings could support the development of trafficking modulators as a potential alternative to the well-known γ-secretase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Giovanni Roti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (L.P.); (C.S.)
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8
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Wigington CP, Roy J, Damle NP, Yadav VK, Blikstad C, Resch E, Wong CJ, Mackay DR, Wang JT, Krystkowiak I, Bradburn DA, Tsekitsidou E, Hong SH, Kaderali MA, Xu SL, Stearns T, Gingras AC, Ullman KS, Ivarsson Y, Davey NE, Cyert MS. Systematic Discovery of Short Linear Motifs Decodes Calcineurin Phosphatase Signaling. Mol Cell 2020; 79:342-358.e12. [PMID: 32645368 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Short linear motifs (SLiMs) drive dynamic protein-protein interactions essential for signaling, but sequence degeneracy and low binding affinities make them difficult to identify. We harnessed unbiased systematic approaches for SLiM discovery to elucidate the regulatory network of calcineurin (CN)/PP2B, the Ca2+-activated phosphatase that recognizes LxVP and PxIxIT motifs. In vitro proteome-wide detection of CN-binding peptides, in vivo SLiM-dependent proximity labeling, and in silico modeling of motif determinants uncovered unanticipated CN interactors, including NOTCH1, which we establish as a CN substrate. Unexpectedly, CN shows SLiM-dependent proximity to centrosomal and nuclear pore complex (NPC) proteins-structures where Ca2+ signaling is largely uncharacterized. CN dephosphorylates human and yeast NPC proteins and promotes accumulation of a nuclear transport reporter, suggesting conserved NPC regulation by CN. The CN network assembled here provides a resource to investigate Ca2+ and CN signaling and demonstrates synergy between experimental and computational methods, establishing a blueprint for examining SLiM-based networks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jagoree Roy
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nikhil P Damle
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Vikash K Yadav
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Blikstad
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eduard Resch
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Cassandra J Wong
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Douglas R Mackay
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jennifer T Wang
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Izabella Krystkowiak
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | | | | | - Su Hyun Hong
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Malika Amyn Kaderali
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Shou-Ling Xu
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tim Stearns
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3H7 ON, Canada
| | - Katharine S Ullman
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Ylva Ivarsson
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Norman E Davey
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fullham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Martha S Cyert
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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9
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Nemkov T, D'Alessandro A, Reisz JA. Metabolic underpinnings of leukemia pathology and treatment. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2019; 2:e1139. [PMID: 32721091 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carcinogenic transformation of white blood cells during hematopoiesis leads to the development of leukemia, a cancer characterized by incompetent immune cells and a disruption of normal bone marrow function. Leukemias are diverse in type, affected population, prognosis, and treatment regimen, yet a common theme in leukemia is the dysregulated metabolism of leukemic cells and leukemic stem cells with respect to their noncancerous counterparts. RECENT FINDINGS In this review, we highlight current findings that elucidate metabolic traits unique to the four major types of leukemia, which confer carcinogenic survival but can be potentially exploited for therapeutic intervention. These metabolic features can work in conjunction with or be independent of unique aspects of the bone marrow microenvironment that can also influence cell survival and proliferation, thus sustaining carcinogenesis. CONCLUSION Deepening our understanding of the interactions of leukemias with their niche environments in vivo will inform future treatments for leukemia, particularly for those that are refractive to tyrosine kinase inhibitors and other therapeutic mainstays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis Nemkov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Julie A Reisz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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10
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Aung KL, El-Khoueiry AB, Gelmon K, Tran B, Bajaj G, He B, Chen T, Zhu L, Poojary S, Basak S, Qi Z, Spreafico A, Fischer BS, Desai J. A multi-arm phase I dose escalating study of an oral NOTCH inhibitor BMS-986115 in patients with advanced solid tumours. Invest New Drugs 2018; 36:1026-1036. [PMID: 29637471 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-018-0597-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Inhibiting Notch is a promising anti-cancer strategy as it plays a critical role in cancer stem cells maintenance and tumour angiogenesis. BMS-986115 is an orally active, selective inhibitor of gamma-secretase mediated Notch signalling. Method Two dose escalation schedules (Arm-A continuous daily schedule and Arm-B intermittent 2 times weekly schedule) of BMS-986115 were evaluated in advanced solid tumour patients. The primary objective was to establish the safety, tolerability and Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) of BMS-986115. Results Thirty six patients (24 in Arm A and 12 in Arm B) were treated. The most frequent treatment related adverse advents were diarrhoea (72%), hypophosphataemia (64%), and nausea (61%). The MTD was 1.5 mg daily in Arm A but not established in Arm B. Four patients in Arm A and 2 in Arm B experienced dose limiting toxicities (grade 3 nausea, diarrhoea, pruritus/urticaria and ileus). BMS-986115 showed dose related increase in exposure within the dose range tested. Target inhibition of Notch pathway related genes was observed. Three patients in Arm A and 2 in Arm B achieved stable disease for more than 6 months. Conclusion The daily oral dosing of BMS-986115 is safe and tolerable with biological activity demonstrated by continuous target engagement and Notch signalling inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyaw L Aung
- Drug Development Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Anthony B El-Khoueiry
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 900333, USA
| | - Karen Gelmon
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Ben Tran
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Gaurav Bajaj
- Clinical Pharmacology & Pharmacometrics, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, NJ, 08648, USA
| | - Bing He
- Clinical Pharmacology & Pharmacometrics, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, NJ, 08648, USA
| | - Tian Chen
- Global Biometric Sciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA
| | - Lili Zhu
- Global Biometric Sciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA
| | - Sharath Poojary
- Biocon BMS R&D Centre, Syngene International Ltd, Bangalore, 560 099, India
| | - Shashwati Basak
- Biocon BMS R&D Centre, Syngene International Ltd, Bangalore, 560 099, India
| | - Zhenhao Qi
- Clinical Genomics and Genetics, Translational Medicine, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA
| | - Anna Spreafico
- Drug Development Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Bruce S Fischer
- Oncology Early Clinical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, NJ, 08648, USA
| | - Jayesh Desai
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.
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11
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Nobili L, Lionetti M, Neri A. Long non-coding RNAs in normal and malignant hematopoiesis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:50666-50681. [PMID: 27177333 PMCID: PMC5226612 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are defined as ncRNAs of more than 200 nt in length. They are involved in a large spectrum of biological processes, such as maintenance of genome integrity, genomic imprinting, cell differentiation, and development by means of mechanisms that remain to be fully elucidated. Besides their role in normal cellular physiology, accumulating evidence has linked lncRNA expression and functions to cancer development and progression. In this review, we summarize and discuss what is known about their expression and roles in hematopoiesis with a particular focus on their cell-type speciï¬city, functional interactions, and involvement in the pathobiology of hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Nobili
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Marta Lionetti
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Antonino Neri
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
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12
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Goldberg L, Gough SM, Lee F, Dang C, Walker RL, Zhu YJ, Bilke S, Pineda M, Onozawa M, Jo Chung Y, Meltzer PS, Aplan PD. Somatic mutations in murine models of leukemia and lymphoma: Disease specificity and clinical relevance. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2017; 56:472-483. [PMID: 28196408 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant transformation is a multistep process that is dictated by the acquisition of multiple genomic aberrations that provide growth and survival advantage. During the post genomic era, high throughput genomic sequencing has advanced exponentially, leading to identification of countless cancer associated mutations with potential for targeted therapy. Mouse models of cancer serve as excellent tools to examine the functionality of gene mutations and their contribution to the malignant process. However, it remains unclear whether the genetic events that occur during transformation are similar in mice and humans. To address that, we chose several transgenic mouse models of hematopoietic malignancies and identified acquired mutations in these mice by means of targeted re-sequencing of known cancer-associated genes as well as whole exome sequencing. We found that mutations that are typically found in acute myeloid leukemia or T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients are also common in mouse models of the respective disease. Moreover, we found that the most frequent mutations found in a mouse model of lymphoma occur in a set of epigenetic modifier genes, implicating this pathway in the generation of lymphoma. These results demonstrate that genetically engineered mouse models (GEMM) mimic the genetic evolution of human cancer and serve as excellent platforms for target discovery and validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liat Goldberg
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sheryl M Gough
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Fan Lee
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Christine Dang
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Robert L Walker
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yuelin J Zhu
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sven Bilke
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Marbin Pineda
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Masahiro Onozawa
- Center for Medical Education/Department of hematology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yang Jo Chung
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Paul S Meltzer
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Peter D Aplan
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
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13
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Wallaert A, Durinck K, Taghon T, Van Vlierberghe P, Speleman F. T-ALL and thymocytes: a message of noncoding RNAs. J Hematol Oncol 2017; 10:66. [PMID: 28270163 PMCID: PMC5341419 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-017-0432-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, the role for noncoding RNAs in disease was clearly established, starting with microRNAs and later expanded towards long noncoding RNAs. This was also the case for T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, which is a malignant blood disorder arising from oncogenic events during normal T cell development in the thymus. By studying the transcriptomic profile of protein-coding genes, several oncogenic events leading to T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) could be identified. In recent years, it became apparent that several of these oncogenes function via microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs. In this review, we give a detailed overview of the studies that describe the noncoding RNAome in T-ALL oncogenesis and normal T cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelynn Wallaert
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. .,Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Kaat Durinck
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Taghon
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Van Vlierberghe
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frank Speleman
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
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14
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Zhou W, He Q, Zhang C, He X, Cui Z, Liu F, Li W. BLOS2 negatively regulates Notch signaling during neural and hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell development. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27719760 PMCID: PMC5094856 DOI: 10.7554/elife.18108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling plays a crucial role in controling the proliferation and differentiation of stem and progenitor cells during embryogenesis or organogenesis, but its regulation is incompletely understood. BLOS2, encoded by the Bloc1s2 gene, is a shared subunit of two lysosomal trafficking complexes, biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex-1 (BLOC-1) and BLOC-1-related complex (BORC). Bloc1s2-/- mice were embryonic lethal and exhibited defects in cortical development and hematopoiesis. Loss of BLOS2 resulted in elevated Notch signaling, which consequently increased the proliferation of neural progenitor cells and inhibited neuronal differentiation in cortices. Likewise, ablation of bloc1s2 in zebrafish or mice led to increased hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell production in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros region. BLOS2 physically interacted with Notch1 in endo-lysosomal trafficking of Notch1. Our findings suggest that BLOS2 is a novel negative player in regulating Notch signaling through lysosomal trafficking to control multiple stem and progenitor cell homeostasis in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuping He
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunxia Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin He
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zongbin Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Liu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Center for Medical Genetics, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Beijing, China.,Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing, China
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15
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Zebrafish Models of Human Leukemia: Technological Advances and Mechanistic Insights. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 916:335-69. [PMID: 27165361 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-30654-4_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Insights concerning leukemic pathophysiology have been acquired in various animal models and further efforts to understand the mechanisms underlying leukemic treatment resistance and disease relapse promise to improve therapeutic strategies. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a vertebrate organism with a conserved hematopoietic program and unique experimental strengths suiting it for the investigation of human leukemia. Recent technological advances in zebrafish research including efficient transgenesis, precise genome editing, and straightforward transplantation techniques have led to the generation of a number of leukemia models. The transparency of the zebrafish when coupled with improved lineage-tracing and imaging techniques has revealed exquisite details of leukemic initiation, progression, and regression. With these advantages, the zebrafish represents a unique experimental system for leukemic research and additionally, advances in zebrafish-based high-throughput drug screening promise to hasten the discovery of novel leukemia therapeutics. To date, investigators have accumulated knowledge of the genetic underpinnings critical to leukemic transformation and treatment resistance and without doubt, zebrafish are rapidly expanding our understanding of disease mechanisms and helping to shape therapeutic strategies for improved outcomes in leukemic patients.
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16
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Yang L, Zhang S, George SK, Teng R, You X, Xu M, Liu H, Sun X, Amin HM, Shi W. Targeting Notch1 and proteasome as an effective strategy to suppress T-cell lymphoproliferative neoplasms. Oncotarget 2016; 6:14953-69. [PMID: 25879451 PMCID: PMC4558128 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The T-cell lymphoproliferative neoplasms (T-LPN) are characterized by a poor clinical outcome. Current therapeutics are mostly non-selective and may induce harmful side effects. It has been reported that NOTCH1 activation mutations frequently associate T-LPN. Because anti-Notch1 based therapies such as γ-secretase inhibitors (GSI) are less efficient and induce considerable side effects, we hypothesized that combining low concentrations of GSI and the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (BTZ) may provide an effective and tolerable approach to treat T-LPN. Hence, we analyzed the in vitro and in vivo effects of GSI-I and BTZ, alone or in combination, against T-LPN. GSI-I and BTZ synergistically decreased cell viability, proliferation, and colony formation, and induced apoptosis in T-LPN cell lines. Furthermore, combining GSI-I and BTZ decreased the viability of primary T-LPN cells from patients. These effects were accompanied by deregulation of Notch1, AKT, ERK, JNK, p38 MAPK, and NF-κB survival pathways. Moreover, combination treatment inhibited T-LPN tumor growth in nude mice. In all experiments, combining low concentrations of GSI-I and BTZ was superior to using a single agent. Our data support that a synergistic antitumor activity exists between GSI-I and BTZ, and provide a rationale for successful utilization of dual Notch1 and proteasome inhibition to treat T-LPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujun Yang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of The University of Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Shuangfeng Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of The University of Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Suraj Konnath George
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Rong Teng
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of The University of Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Xuefen You
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of The University of Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Mengqi Xu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of The University of Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of The University of Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Xiaoping Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Hesham M Amin
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Wenyu Shi
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of The University of Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China.,Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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17
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Anderson NM, Li D, Peng HL, Laroche FJF, Mansour MR, Gjini E, Aioub M, Helman DJ, Roderick JE, Cheng T, Harrold I, Samaha Y, Meng L, Amsterdam A, Neuberg DS, Denton TT, Sanda T, Kelliher MA, Singh A, Look AT, Feng H. The TCA cycle transferase DLST is important for MYC-mediated leukemogenesis. Leukemia 2016; 30:1365-74. [PMID: 26876595 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite the pivotal role of MYC in the pathogenesis of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and many other cancers, the mechanisms underlying MYC-mediated tumorigenesis remain inadequately understood. Here we utilized a well-characterized zebrafish model of Myc-induced T-ALL for genetic studies to identify novel genes contributing to disease onset. We found that heterozygous inactivation of a tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzyme, dihydrolipoamide S-succinyltransferase (Dlst), significantly delayed tumor onset in zebrafish without detectable effects on fish development. DLST is the E2 transferase of the α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) dehydrogenase complex (KGDHC), which converts α-KG to succinyl-CoA in the TCA cycle. RNAi knockdown of DLST led to decreased cell viability and induction of apoptosis in human T-ALL cell lines. Polar metabolomics profiling revealed that the TCA cycle was disrupted by DLST knockdown in human T-ALL cells, as demonstrated by an accumulation of α-KG and a decrease of succinyl-CoA. Addition of succinate, the downstream TCA cycle intermediate, to human T-ALL cells was sufficient to rescue defects in cell viability caused by DLST inactivation. Together, our studies uncovered an important role for DLST in MYC-mediated leukemogenesis and demonstrated the metabolic dependence of T-lymphoblasts on the TCA cycle, thus providing implications for targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Anderson
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, The Center for Cancer Research, Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - D Li
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, The Center for Cancer Research, Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - H L Peng
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Hematology/Institute of Molecular Hematology, Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - F J F Laroche
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, The Center for Cancer Research, Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M R Mansour
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - E Gjini
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Aioub
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, The Center for Cancer Research, Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - D J Helman
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J E Roderick
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts School of Medicine, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - T Cheng
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, The Center for Cancer Research, Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - I Harrold
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, The Center for Cancer Research, Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Y Samaha
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, The Center for Cancer Research, Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - L Meng
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, The Center for Cancer Research, Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Amsterdam
- David H Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - D S Neuberg
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - T T Denton
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, College of Pharmacy, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - T Sanda
- Department of Medicine, Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - M A Kelliher
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts School of Medicine, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - A Singh
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, The Center for Cancer Research, Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A T Look
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - H Feng
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, The Center for Cancer Research, Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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18
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CARP-1/CCAR1: a biphasic regulator of cancer cell growth and apoptosis. Oncotarget 2016; 6:6499-510. [PMID: 25894788 PMCID: PMC4466629 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted cancer therapy using small molecule inhibitors (SMIs) has been useful in targeting the tumor cells while sparing the normal cells. Despite clinical success of many targeted therapies, their off-target effects and development of resistance are emerging as significant and challenging problems. Thus, there is an urgent need to identify targets to devise new means to treat cancers and their drug-resistant phenotypes. CARP-1/CCAR1 (Cell division cycle and apoptosis regulator 1), a peri-nuclear phospho-protein, plays a dynamic role in regulating cell growth and apoptosis by serving as a co-activator of steroid/thyroid nuclear receptors, β-catenin, Anaphase Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C) E3 ligase, and tumor suppressor p53. CARP-1/CCAR1 also regulates chemotherapy-dependent apoptosis. CARP-1/CCAR1 functional mimetics (CFMs) are a novel SMIs of CARP-1/CCAR1 interaction with APC/C. CFMs promote apoptosis in a manner independent of p53. CFMs are potent inhibitors of a variety of cancer cells including the drug (Adriamycin or Tamoxifen)-resistant breast cancer cells but not the immortalized breast epithelial cells, while a nano-lipid formulation of the lead compound CFM-4 improves its bioavailability and efficacy in vivo when administered orally. This review focuses on the background and pleiotropic roles of CARP-1/CCAR1 as well as its apoptosis signaling mechanisms in response to chemotherapy in cancer cells.
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19
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Abstract
Structural chromosome rearrangements may result in the exchange of coding or regulatory DNA sequences between genes. Many such gene fusions are strong driver mutations in neoplasia and have provided fundamental insights into the disease mechanisms that are involved in tumorigenesis. The close association between the type of gene fusion and the tumour phenotype makes gene fusions ideal for diagnostic purposes, enabling the subclassification of otherwise seemingly identical disease entities. In addition, many gene fusions add important information for risk stratification, and increasing numbers of chimeric proteins encoded by the gene fusions serve as specific targets for treatment, resulting in dramatically improved patient outcomes. In this Timeline article, we describe the spectrum of gene fusions in cancer and how the methods to identify them have evolved, and also discuss conceptual implications of current, sequencing-based approaches for detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Mertens
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Bertil Johansson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Thoas Fioretos
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Felix Mitelman
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Herranz
- a Institute for Cancer genetics Columbia University , New York
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21
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Morlando M, Ballarino M, Fatica A. Long Non-Coding RNAs: New Players in Hematopoiesis and Leukemia. Front Med (Lausanne) 2015; 2:23. [PMID: 25927065 PMCID: PMC4396502 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2015.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are important regulators of gene expression that influence almost every step in the life cycle of genes, from transcription to mRNA splicing, RNA decay, and translation. Besides their participation to normal physiology, lncRNA expression and function have been already associated to cancer development and progression. Here, we review the functional role and mechanisms of action of lncRNAs in normal hematopoiesis and how their misregulation may be implicated in the development of blood cell cancer, such as leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Morlando
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Monica Ballarino
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Alessandro Fatica
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
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22
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Ahmadzadeh A, Kast RE, Ketabchi N, Shahrabi S, Shahjahani M, Jaseb K, Saki N. Regulatory effect of chemokines in bone marrow niche. Cell Tissue Res 2015; 361:401-10. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-015-2129-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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23
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Chen Y, Greenwald I. hecd-1 modulates notch activity in Caenorhabditis elegans. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2014; 5:353-9. [PMID: 25552605 PMCID: PMC4349089 DOI: 10.1534/g3.114.015321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Notch is a receptor that mediates cell-cell interactions that specify binary cell fate decisions in development and tissue homeostasis. Inappropriate Notch signaling is associated with cancer, and mutations in Notch pathway components have been associated with developmental diseases and syndromes. In Caenorhabditis elegans, suppressors of phenotypes associated with constitutively active LIN-12/Notch have identified many conserved core components and direct or indirect modulators. Here, we molecularly identify sel(ar584), originally isolated as a suppressor of a constitutively active allele of lin-12. We show that sel(ar584) is an allele of hecd-1, the ortholog of human HECDT1, a ubiquitin ligase that has been implicated in several different mammalian developmental events. We studied interactions of hecd-1 with lin-12 in the somatic gonad and with the other C. elegans Notch gene, glp-1, in the germ line. We found that hecd-1 acts as a positive modulator of lin-12/Notch activity in a somatic gonad context--the original basis for its isolation--but acts autonomously as a negative modulator of glp-1/Notch activity in the germ line. As the yeast ortholog of HECD-1, Ufd4p, has been shown to function in quality control, and C. elegans HECD-1 has been shown to affect mitochondrial maintenance, we propose that the different genetic interactions between hecd-1 and Notch genes we observed in different cell contexts may reflect differences in quality control regulatory mechanisms or in cellular metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunting Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10025 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10025
| | - Iva Greenwald
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10025 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10025 Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10025
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24
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SCL, LMO1 and Notch1 reprogram thymocytes into self-renewing cells. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004768. [PMID: 25522233 PMCID: PMC4270438 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular determinants that render specific populations of normal cells susceptible to oncogenic reprogramming into self-renewing cancer stem cells are poorly understood. Here, we exploit T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) as a model to define the critical initiating events in this disease. First, thymocytes that are reprogrammed by the SCL and LMO1 oncogenic transcription factors into self-renewing pre-leukemic stem cells (pre-LSCs) remain non-malignant, as evidenced by their capacities to generate functional T cells. Second, we provide strong genetic evidence that SCL directly interacts with LMO1 to activate the transcription of a self-renewal program coordinated by LYL1. Moreover, LYL1 can substitute for SCL to reprogram thymocytes in concert with LMO1. In contrast, inhibition of E2A was not sufficient to substitute for SCL, indicating that thymocyte reprogramming requires transcription activation by SCL-LMO1. Third, only a specific subset of normal thymic cells, known as DN3 thymocytes, is susceptible to reprogramming. This is because physiological NOTCH1 signals are highest in DN3 cells compared to other thymocyte subsets. Consistent with this, overexpression of a ligand-independent hyperactive NOTCH1 allele in all immature thymocytes is sufficient to sensitize them to SCL-LMO1, thereby increasing the pool of self-renewing cells. Surprisingly, hyperactive NOTCH1 cannot reprogram thymocytes on its own, despite the fact that NOTCH1 is activated by gain of function mutations in more than 55% of T-ALL cases. Rather, elevating NOTCH1 triggers a parallel pathway involving Hes1 and Myc that dramatically enhances the activity of SCL-LMO1 We conclude that the acquisition of self-renewal and the genesis of pre-LSCs from thymocytes with a finite lifespan represent a critical first event in T-ALL. Finally, LYL1 and LMO1 or LMO2 are co-expressed in most human T-ALL samples, except the cortical T subtype. We therefore anticipate that the self-renewal network described here may be relevant to a majority of human T-ALL. Deciphering the initiating events in lymphoid leukemia is important for the development of new therapeutic strategies. In this manuscript, we define oncogenic reprogramming as the process through which non-self-renewing progenitors are converted into pre-leukemic stem cells with sustained self-renewal capacities. We provide strong genetic evidence that this step is rate-limiting in leukemogenesis and requires the activation of a self-renewal program by oncogenic transcription factors, as exemplified by SCL and LMO1. Furthermore, NOTCH1 is a pathway that drives cell fate in the thymus. We demonstrate that homeostatic NOTCH1 levels that are highest in specific thymocyte subsets determine their susceptibilities to oncogenic reprogramming by SCL and LMO1. Our data provide novel insight into the acquisition of self-renewal as a critical first step in lymphoid cell transformation, requiring the synergistic interaction of oncogenic transcription factors with a cellular context controlled by high physiological NOTCH1.
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Long-range enhancer activity determines Myc sensitivity to Notch inhibitors in T cell leukemia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:E4946-53. [PMID: 25369933 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1407079111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch is needed for T-cell development and is a common oncogenic driver in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The protooncogene c-Myc (Myc) is a critical target of Notch in normal and malignant pre-T cells, but how Notch regulates Myc is unknown. Here, we identify a distal enhancer located >1 Mb 3' of human and murine Myc that binds Notch transcription complexes and physically interacts with the Myc proximal promoter. The Notch1 binding element in this region activates reporter genes in a Notch-dependent, cell-context-specific fashion that requires a conserved Notch complex binding site. Acute changes in Notch activation produce rapid changes in H3K27 acetylation across the entire enhancer (a region spanning >600 kb) that correlate with Myc expression. This broad Notch-influenced region comprises an enhancer region containing multiple domains, recognizable as discrete H3K27 acetylation peaks. Leukemia cells selected for resistance to Notch inhibitors express Myc despite epigenetic silencing of enhancer domains near the Notch transcription complex binding sites. Notch-independent expression of Myc in resistant cells is highly sensitive to inhibitors of bromodomain containing 4 (Brd4), a change in drug sensitivity that is accompanied by preferential association of the Myc promoter with more 3' enhancer domains that are strongly dependent on Brd4 for function. These findings indicate that altered long-range enhancer activity can mediate resistance to targeted therapies and provide a mechanistic rationale for combined targeting of Notch and Brd4 in leukemia.
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Herranz D, Ambesi-Impiombato A, Palomero T, Schnell SA, Belver L, Wendorff AA, Xu L, Castillo-Martin M, Llobet-Navás D, Cardo CC, Clappier E, Soulier J, Ferrando AA. A NOTCH1-driven MYC enhancer promotes T cell development, transformation and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Nat Med 2014; 20:1130-7. [PMID: 25194570 PMCID: PMC4192073 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Efforts to identify and annotate cancer driver genetic lesions have been focused primarily on the analysis of protein-coding genes; however, most genetic abnormalities found in human cancer are located in intergenic regions. Here we identify a new long range-acting MYC enhancer controlled by NOTCH1 that is targeted by recurrent chromosomal duplications in human T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). This highly conserved regulatory element, hereby named N-Me for NOTCH MYC enhancer, is located within a broad super-enhancer region +1.47 Mb from the MYC transcription initiating site, interacts with the MYC proximal promoter and induces orientation-independent MYC expression in reporter assays. Moreover, analysis of N-Me knockout mice demonstrates a selective and essential role of this regulatory element during thymocyte development and in NOTCH1-induced T-ALL. Together these results identify N-Me as a long-range oncogenic enhancer implicated directly in the pathogenesis of human leukemia and highlight the importance of the NOTCH1-MYC regulatory axis in T cell transformation and as a therapeutic target in T-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Herranz
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | | | - Teresa Palomero
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | | | - Laura Belver
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | | | - Luyao Xu
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Mireia Castillo-Martin
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - David Llobet-Navás
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Carlos Cordon Cardo
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Emmanuelle Clappier
- INSERM, UMR 944, Institut Universitaire d’Hématologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, F-75475 Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75475 Paris, France
| | - Jean Soulier
- INSERM, UMR 944, Institut Universitaire d’Hématologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, F-75475 Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75475 Paris, France
| | - Adolfo A. Ferrando
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
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Clinical impact of de-regulated Notch-1 and Notch-3 in the development and progression of HPV-associated different histological subtypes of precancerous and cancerous lesions of human uterine cervix. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98642. [PMID: 24905589 PMCID: PMC4048181 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer related deaths among women in India. Limited reports are available for Notch-1 and Notch-3 protein in cervical carcinoma, which play crucial role in cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. METHODS This study was designed to evaluate the role of Notch-1 and Notch-3 with context to HPV infection in cervical carcinoma. A total of 168 tissue biopsy samples comprising of tumor specimens (n = 98), precancer (n = 30) and non-neoplastic cervical tissues (n = 40) were screened for HPV infection by PCR and expression of Notch-1 and Notch-3 protein by Immunohistochemistry and Immunoblotting. RESULTS 80% (24/30) were found to be positive for HPV in precancer and 86.7% (85/98) in cancer patients. Notch-1 expression of precancer and cancer cases was found to be significantly down-regulated with severity of disease in nuclear (3.43±0.29; 2.04±0.19, p = 0.0001, p = 0.0001) and cytoplasm (3.07±0.29; 2.29±0.17, p = 0.0001, p = 0.0001) obtained from different stages as compared to normal cervix tissue (5.40±0.19, 4.97±0.15; p<0.001; p<0.001). However, Notch-3 expression of above cases was significantly up-regulated with severity of disease and showed intense nuclear (4.17±0.39; 4.74±0.18, p = 0.0001, p = 0.0001) and cytoplasm (3.67±0.36; 4.48±0.18, p = 0.0001, p = 0.0001) of different stages as compared to normal cervix tissue (0.95±0.20, 0.70±0.20; p<0.001; p<0.001) respectively. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that Notch-1 and Notch-3 may play an important role with synergistic effect of HPV in regulating development and proliferation of cervical cancer through the deregulation of Notch signalling. This study also shows the clinical utility of both proteins which may be used as predictable biomarkers in diagnosing different histological sub-types of HPV associated cervical cancer. Nevertheless, abnormal activation of this pathway may provide legitimate targets for cervical cancer therapy.
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Abstract
Vasculitis of the medium and large arteries, most often presenting as giant cell arteritis (GCA), is an infrequent, but potentially fatal, type of immune-mediated vascular disease. The site of the aberrant immune reaction, the mural layers of the artery, is strictly defined by vascular dendritic cells, endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts, which engage in an interaction with T cells and macrophages to, ultimately, cause luminal stenosis or aneurysmal wall damage of the vessel. A multitude of effector cytokines, all known as critical mediators in host-protective immunity, have been identified in vasculitic lesions. Two dominant cytokine clusters--the IL-6-IL-17 axis and the IL-12-IFN-γ axis--have been linked to disease activity. These two clusters seem to serve different roles in the vasculitic process. The IL-6-IL-17 cluster is highly responsive to standard corticosteroid therapy, whereas the IL-12-IFN-γ cluster is resistant to steroid-mediated immunosuppression. The information exchange between vascular and immune cells and stabilization of the vasculitic process involves members of the Notch receptor and ligand family. Focusing on elements in the tissue context of GCA, instead of broadly suppressing host immunity, might enable a more tailored therapeutic approach that avoids unwanted adverse effects of aggressive immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia M Weyand
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, CCSR Building Room 2225, Mail Code 5166, 269 Campus Drive West, Stanford, CA 94305-5166, USA
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Frank SB, Miranti CK. Disruption of prostate epithelial differentiation pathways and prostate cancer development. Front Oncol 2013; 3:273. [PMID: 24199173 PMCID: PMC3813973 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2013.00273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the foremost problems in the prostate cancer (PCa) field is the inability to distinguish aggressive from indolent disease, which leads to difficult prognoses and thousands of unnecessary surgeries. This limitation stems from the fact that the mechanisms of tumorigenesis in the prostate are poorly understood. Some genetic alterations are commonly reported in prostate tumors, including upregulation of Myc, fusion of Ets genes to androgen-regulated promoters, and loss of Pten. However, the specific roles of these aberrations in tumor initiation and progression are poorly understood. Likewise, the cell of origin for PCa remains controversial and may be linked to the aggressive potential of the tumor. One important clue is that prostate tumors co-express basal and luminal protein markers that are restricted to their distinct cell types in normal tissue. Prostate epithelium contains layer-specific stem cells as well as rare bipotent cells, which can differentiate into basal or luminal cells. We hypothesize that the primary oncogenic cell of origin is a transient-differentiating bipotent cell. Such a cell must maintain tight temporal and spatial control of differentiation pathways, thus increasing its susceptibility for oncogenic disruption. In support of this hypothesis, many of the pathways known to be involved in prostate differentiation can be linked to genes commonly altered in PCa. In this article, we review what is known about important differentiation pathways (Myc, p38MAPK, Notch, PI3K/Pten) in the prostate and how their misregulation could lead to oncogenesis. Better understanding of normal differentiation will offer new insights into tumor initiation and may help explain the functional significance of common genetic alterations seen in PCa. Additionally, this understanding could lead to new methods for classifying prostate tumors based on their differentiation status and may aid in identifying more aggressive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander B Frank
- Laboratory of Integrin Signaling and Tumorigenesis, Van Andel Research Institute , Grand Rapids, MI , USA ; Genetics Graduate Program, Michigan State University , East Lansing, MI , USA
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Abstract
Chemotherapy alone cures only 25-45% of adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), making novel treatment agents and strategies desperately needed. The addition of monoclonal antibodies (rituximab, alemtuzumab, epratzumab) to chemotherapy has demonstrated encouraging results in patients with newly diagnosed and relapsed ALL. The anti-CD22 immunoconjugate, inotuzumab ozogamicin, and the anti-CD19 BiTE(®) antibody, blinatumomab, have demonstrated impressive single agent activity in patients with relapsed or refractory B-ALL. Early reports of chimeric antigen receptor therapies have been promising in patients with relapsed ALL. Other agents targeting NOTCH1, FLT3, the proteasome and DNA methylation are early in development. These new agents hope to improve the outcome of ALL therapy with less toxicity. The challenge going forward will be to find safe and effective combinations and determine where in the treatment schema these agents will be most effective in ALL therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig A Portell
- Division of Hematologic Oncology and Blood Disorders, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH , USA
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Par-4/THAP1 complex and Notch3 competitively regulated pre-mRNA splicing of CCAR1 and affected inversely the survival of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Oncogene 2013; 32:5602-13. [PMID: 23975424 PMCID: PMC3898485 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although the intensification of therapy for children with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) has substantially improved clinical outcomes, T-ALL remains an important challenge in pediatric oncology. Here, we report that the cooperative synergy between prostate apoptosis response factor-4 (Par-4) and THAP1 induces cell cycle and apoptosis regulator 1 (CCAR1) gene expression and cellular apoptosis in human T-ALL cell line Jurkat cells, CEM cells and primary cultured neoplastic T lymphocytes from children with T-ALL. Par-4 and THAP1 collaborated to activate the promoter of CCAR1 gene. Mechanistic investigations revealed that Par-4 and THAP1 formed a protein complex by the interaction of their carboxyl termini, and THAP1 bound to CCAR1 promoter though its zinc-dependent DNA-binding domain at amino terminus. Par-4/THAP1 complex and Notch3 competitively bound to CCAR1 promoter and competitively modulated alternative pre-mRNA splicing of CCAR1, which resulted in two different transcripts and played an opposite role in T-ALL cell survival. Despite Notch3 induced a shift splicing from the full-length isoform toward a shorter form of CCAR1 mRNA by splicing factor SRp40 and SRp55, Par-4/THAP1 complex strongly antagonized this inductive effect. Our finding revealed a mechanistic rationale for Par-4/THAP1-induced apoptosis in T-ALL cells that would be of benefit to develop a new therapy strategy for T-ALL.
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32
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Liu N, Zhang J, Ji C. The emerging roles of Notch signaling in leukemia and stem cells. Biomark Res 2013; 1:23. [PMID: 24252593 PMCID: PMC4177577 DOI: 10.1186/2050-7771-1-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway plays a critical role in maintaining the balance between cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis, and is a highly conserved signaling pathway that regulates normal development in a context- and dose-dependent manner. Dysregulation of Notch signaling has been suggested to be key events in a variety of hematological malignancies. Notch1 signaling appears to be the central oncogenic trigger in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), in which the majority of human malignancies have acquired mutations that lead to constitutive activation of Notch1 signaling. However, emerging evidence unexpectedly demonstrates that Notch signaling can function as a potent tumor suppressor in other forms of leukemia. This minireview will summarize recent advances related to the roles of activated Notch signaling in human lymphocytic leukemia, myeloid leukemia, stem cells and stromal microenvironment, and we will discuss the perspectives of Notch signaling as a potential therapeutic target as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P, R, China.
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Kumps C, Fieuw A, Mestdagh P, Menten B, Lefever S, Pattyn F, De Brouwer S, Sante T, Schulte JH, Schramm A, Van Roy N, Van Maerken T, Noguera R, Combaret V, Devalck C, Westermann F, Laureys G, Eggert A, Vandesompele J, De Preter K, Speleman F. Focal DNA copy number changes in neuroblastoma target MYCN regulated genes. PLoS One 2013; 8:e52321. [PMID: 23308108 PMCID: PMC3537730 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is an embryonic tumor arising from immature sympathetic nervous system cells. Recurrent genomic alterations include MYCN and ALK amplification as well as recurrent patterns of gains and losses of whole or large partial chromosome segments. A recent whole genome sequencing effort yielded no frequently recurring mutations in genes other than those affecting ALK. However, the study further stresses the importance of DNA copy number alterations in this disease, in particular for genes implicated in neuritogenesis. Here we provide additional evidence for the importance of focal DNA copy number gains and losses, which are predominantly observed in MYCN amplified tumors. A focal 5 kb gain encompassing the MYCN regulated miR-17∼92 cluster as sole gene was detected in a neuroblastoma cell line and further analyses of the array CGH data set demonstrated enrichment for other MYCN target genes in focal gains and amplifications. Next we applied an integrated genomics analysis to prioritize MYCN down regulated genes mediated by MYCN driven miRNAs within regions of focal heterozygous or homozygous deletion. We identified RGS5, a negative regulator of G-protein signaling implicated in vascular normalization, invasion and metastasis, targeted by a focal homozygous deletion, as a new MYCN target gene, down regulated through MYCN activated miRNAs. In addition, we expand the miR-17∼92 regulatory network controlling TGFß signaling in neuroblastoma with the ring finger protein 11 encoding gene RNF11, which was previously shown to be targeted by the miR-17∼92 member miR-19b. Taken together, our data indicate that focal DNA copy number imbalances in neuroblastoma (1) target genes that are implicated in MYCN signaling, possibly selected to reinforce MYCN oncogene addiction and (2) serve as a resource for identifying new molecular targets for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candy Kumps
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Annelies Fieuw
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Mestdagh
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Björn Menten
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steve Lefever
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip Pattyn
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sara De Brouwer
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Sante
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Johannes Hubertus Schulte
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Haematology, University Children's Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Alexander Schramm
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Haematology, University Children's Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Nadine Van Roy
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Van Maerken
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rosa Noguera
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Valérie Combaret
- Centre Léon Bérard, FNCLCC, Laboratoire de Recherche Translationnelle, Lyon, France
| | - Christine Devalck
- Children's University Hospital, Hematology-Oncology, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frank Westermann
- Department of Tumor Genetics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Geneviève Laureys
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Angelika Eggert
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Haematology, University Children's Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jo Vandesompele
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katleen De Preter
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frank Speleman
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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