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Khanna M, Sharma K, Saxena SK, Sharma JG, Rajput R, Kumar B. Unravelling the interaction between Influenza virus and the nuclear pore complex: insights into viral replication and host immune response. Virusdisease 2024; 35:231-242. [PMID: 39071870 PMCID: PMC11269558 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-024-00879-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses are known to cause severe respiratory infections in humans, often associated with significant morbidity and mortality rates. Virus replication relies on various host factors and pathways, which also determine the virus's infectious potential. Nonetheless, achieving a comprehensive understanding of how the virus interacts with host cellular components is essential for developing effective therapeutic strategies. One of the key components among host factors, the nuclear pore complex (NPC), profoundly affects both the Influenza virus life cycle and the host's antiviral defenses. Serving as the sole gateway connecting the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm, the NPC plays a vital role as a mediator in nucleocytoplasmic trafficking. Upon infection, the virus hijacks and alters the nuclear pore complex and the nuclear receptors. This enables the virus to infiltrate the nucleus and promotes the movement of viral components between the nucleus and cytoplasm. While the nucleus and cytoplasm play pivotal roles in cellular functions, the nuclear pore complex serves as a crucial component in the host's innate immune system, acting as a defense mechanism against virus infection. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the intricate relationship between the Influenza virus and the nuclear pore complex. Furthermore, we emphasize their mutual influence on viral replication and the host's immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Khanna
- Department of Virology, V.P Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Kajal Sharma
- Department of Virology, V.P Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
| | - Shailendra K. Saxena
- Centre for Advanced Research (CFAR), Faculty of Medicine, King George’s Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow, India
| | - Jai Gopal Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
| | - Roopali Rajput
- Department of Virology, V.P Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Binod Kumar
- Department of Antiviral Research, Institute of Advanced Virology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala India
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Pashkov EA, Momot VY, Pak AV, Samoilikov RV, Pashkov GA, Usatova GN, Kravtsova EO, Poddubikov AV, Nagieva FG, Sidorov AV, Pashkov EP, Svitich OA, Zverev VV. [Influence of siRNA complexes on the reproduction of influenza A virus (Orthomyxoviridae: Alphainfluenzavirus) in vivo]. Vopr Virusol 2023; 68:95-104. [PMID: 37264844 DOI: 10.36233/0507-4088-159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Influenza is one of the most pressing global health problems. Despite the wide range of available anti-influenza drugs, the viral drug resistance is an increasing concern and requires the search for new approaches to overcome it. A promising solution is the development of drugs with action that is based on the inhibition of the activity of cellular genes through RNA interference. AIM Evaluation in vivo of the preventive potential of miRNAs directed to the cellular genes FLT4, Nup98 and Nup205 against influenza infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS The A/California/7/09 strain of influenza virus (H1N1) and BALB/c mice were used in the study. The administration of siRNA and experimental infection of animals were performed intranasally. The results of the experiment were analyzed using molecular genetic and virological methods. RESULTS The use of siRNA complexes Nup98.1 and Nup205.1 led to a significant decrease in viral reproduction and concentration of viral RNA on the 3rd day after infection. When two siRNA complexes (Nup98.1 and Nup205.1) were administered simultaneously, a significant decrease in viral titer and concentration of viral RNA was also noted compared with the control groups. CONCLUSIONS The use of siRNAs in vivo can lead to an antiviral effect when the activity of single or several cellular genes is suppressed. The results indicate that the use of siRNAs targeting the cellular genes whose expression products are involved in viral reproduction is one of the promising methods for the prevention and treatment of not only influenza, but also other respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Pashkov
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)
- I.I. Mechnikov Scientific and Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera
| | - V Y Momot
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)
| | - A V Pak
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)
| | - R V Samoilikov
- I.I. Mechnikov Scientific and Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera
| | - G A Pashkov
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)
| | - G N Usatova
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)
| | - E O Kravtsova
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)
| | - A V Poddubikov
- I.I. Mechnikov Scientific and Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera
| | - F G Nagieva
- I.I. Mechnikov Scientific and Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera
| | - A V Sidorov
- I.I. Mechnikov Scientific and Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera
| | - E P Pashkov
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)
| | - O A Svitich
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)
- I.I. Mechnikov Scientific and Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera
| | - V V Zverev
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)
- I.I. Mechnikov Scientific and Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera
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3
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Campbell LK, Fleming-Canepa X, Webster RG, Magor KE. Tissue Specific Transcriptome Changes Upon Influenza A Virus Replication in the Duck. Front Immunol 2021; 12:786205. [PMID: 34804075 PMCID: PMC8602823 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.786205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ducks are the natural host and reservoir of influenza A virus (IAV), and as such are permissive to viral replication while being unharmed by most strains. It is not known which mechanisms of viral control are globally regulated during infection, and which are specific to tissues during infection. Here we compare transcript expression from tissues from Pekin ducks infected with a recombinant H5N1 strain A/Vietnam 1203/04 (VN1203) or an H5N2 strain A/British Columbia 500/05 using RNA-sequencing analysis and aligning reads to the NCBI assembly ZJU1.0 of the domestic duck (Anas platyrhynchos) genome. Highly pathogenic VN1203 replicated in lungs and showed systemic dissemination, while BC500, like most low pathogenic strains, replicated in the intestines. VN1203 infection induced robust differential expression of genes all three days post infection, while BC500 induced the greatest number of differentially expressed genes on day 2 post infection. While there were many genes globally upregulated in response to either VN1203 or BC500, tissue specific gene expression differences were observed. Lungs of ducks infected with VN1203 and intestines of birds infected with BC500, tissues important in influenza replication, showed highest upregulation of pattern recognition receptors and interferon stimulated genes early in the response. These tissues also appear to have specific downregulation of inflammatory components, with downregulation of distinct sets of proinflammatory cytokines in lung, and downregulation of key components of leukocyte recruitment and complement pathways in intestine. Our results suggest that global and tissue specific regulation patterns help the duck control viral replication as well as limit some inflammatory responses in tissues involved in replication to avoid damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee K Campbell
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Robert G Webster
- Division of Virology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Katharine E Magor
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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4
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Gerlt V, Mayr J, Del Sarto J, Ludwig S, Boergeling Y. Cellular Protein Phosphatase 2A Regulates Cell Survival Mechanisms in Influenza A Virus Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11164. [PMID: 34681823 PMCID: PMC8540457 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) are respiratory pathogens that are able to hijack multiple cellular mechanisms to drive their replication. Consequently, several viral and cellular proteins undergo posttranslational modifications such as dynamic phosphorylation/dephosphorylation. In eukaryotic cells, dephosphorylation is mainly catalyzed by protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). While the function of kinases in IAV infection is quite well studied, only little is known about the role of PP2A in IAV replication. Here, we show, by using knockdown and inhibition approaches of the catalytic subunit PP2Ac, that this phosphatase is important for efficient replication of several IAV subtypes. This could neither be attributed to alterations in the antiviral immune response nor to changes in transcription or translation of viral genes. Interestingly, decreased PP2Ac levels resulted in a significantly reduced cell viability after IAV infection. Comprehensive kinase activity profiling identified an enrichment of process networks related to apoptosis and indicated a synergistic action of hyper-activated PI3K/Akt, MAPK/JAK-STAT and NF-kB signaling pathways, collectively resulting in increased cell death. Taken together, while IAV seems to effectively tap leftover PP2A activity to ensure efficient viral replication, reduced PP2Ac levels fail to orchestrate cell survival mechanisms to protect infected cells from early cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Gerlt
- Institute of Virology Muenster, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (V.G.); (J.M.); (J.D.S.); (S.L.)
| | - Juliane Mayr
- Institute of Virology Muenster, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (V.G.); (J.M.); (J.D.S.); (S.L.)
| | - Juliana Del Sarto
- Institute of Virology Muenster, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (V.G.); (J.M.); (J.D.S.); (S.L.)
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Translational Neurology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Stephan Ludwig
- Institute of Virology Muenster, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (V.G.); (J.M.); (J.D.S.); (S.L.)
| | - Yvonne Boergeling
- Institute of Virology Muenster, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (V.G.); (J.M.); (J.D.S.); (S.L.)
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5
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Wang S, Yu M, Liu A, Bao Y, Qi X, Gao L, Chen Y, Liu P, Wang Y, Xing L, Meng L, Zhang Y, Fan L, Li X, Pan Q, Zhang Y, Cui H, Li K, Liu C, He X, Gao Y, Wang X. TRIM25 inhibits infectious bursal disease virus replication by targeting VP3 for ubiquitination and degradation. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009900. [PMID: 34516573 PMCID: PMC8459960 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), a double-stranded RNA virus, causes immunosuppression and high mortality in 3-6-week-old chickens. Innate immune defense is a physical barrier to restrict viral replication. After viral infection, the host shows crucial defense responses, such as stimulation of antiviral effectors to restrict viral replication. Here, we conducted RNA-seq in avian cells infected by IBDV and identified TRIM25 as a host restriction factor. Specifically, TRIM25 deficiency dramatically increased viral yields, whereas overexpression of TRIM25 significantly inhibited IBDV replication. Immunoprecipitation assays indicated that TRIM25 only interacted with VP3 among all viral proteins, mediating its K27-linked polyubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation. Moreover, the Lys854 residue of VP3 was identified as the key target site for the ubiquitination catalyzed by TRIM25. The ubiquitination site destroyed enhanced the replication ability of IBDV in vitro and in vivo. These findings demonstrated that TRIM25 inhibited IBDV replication by specifically ubiquitinating and degrading the structural protein VP3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyan Wang
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, PR China
| | - Mengmeng Yu
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, PR China
| | - Aijing Liu
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, PR China
| | - Yuanling Bao
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, PR China
| | - Xiaole Qi
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, PR China
| | - Li Gao
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, PR China
| | - Yuntong Chen
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, PR China
| | - Peng Liu
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, PR China
| | - Yulong Wang
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, PR China
| | - Lixiao Xing
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, PR China
| | - Lingzhai Meng
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, PR China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, PR China
| | - Linjin Fan
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, PR China
| | - Xinyi Li
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, PR China
| | - Qing Pan
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, PR China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, PR China
| | - Hongyu Cui
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, PR China
| | - Kai Li
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, PR China
| | - Changjun Liu
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, PR China
| | - Xijun He
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, PR China
| | - Yulong Gao
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, PR China.,National Poultry Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Harbin, PR China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, PR China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PRChina
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6
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Yan HY, Wang HQ, Zhong M, Wu S, Yang L, Li K, Li YH. PML Suppresses Influenza Virus Replication by Promoting FBXW7 Expression. Virol Sin 2021; 36:1154-1164. [PMID: 34046815 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-021-00399-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAV) are responsible for seasonal flu epidemics, which can lead to high morbidity and mortality each year. Like other viruses, influenza virus can hijack host cellular machinery for its replication. Host cells have evolved diverse cellular defense to resist the invasion of viruses. As the main components of promyelocytic leukemia protein nuclear bodies (PML-NBs), PML can inhibit the replication of many medically important viruses including IAV. However, the mechanism of PML against IAV is unclear. In the present study, we found PML was induced in response to IAV infection and ectopic expression of PML could inhibit IAV replication, whereas knockdown of endogenous PML expression could enhance IAV replication. Further studies showed that PML increased the expression of FBXW7 by inhibiting its K48-linked ubiquitination and enhanced the interaction between FBXW7 and SHP2, which negatively regulated IAV replication during infection. Moreover, PML stabilized RIG-I to promote the production of type I IFN. Collectively, these data indicated that PML inhibited IAV replication by enhancing FBXW7 expression in the antiviral immunity against influenza virus and extended the mechanism of PML in antiviral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yan Yan
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Hui-Qiang Wang
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ming Zhong
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Shuo Wu
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Lu Yang
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ke Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Yu-Huan Li
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Russell CJ. Hemagglutinin Stability and Its Impact on Influenza A Virus Infectivity, Pathogenicity, and Transmissibility in Avians, Mice, Swine, Seals, Ferrets, and Humans. Viruses 2021; 13:746. [PMID: 33923198 PMCID: PMC8145662 DOI: 10.3390/v13050746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetically diverse influenza A viruses (IAVs) circulate in wild aquatic birds. From this reservoir, IAVs sporadically cause outbreaks, epidemics, and pandemics in wild and domestic avians, wild land and sea mammals, horses, canines, felines, swine, humans, and other species. One molecular trait shown to modulate IAV host range is the stability of the hemagglutinin (HA) surface glycoprotein. The HA protein is the major antigen and during virus entry, this trimeric envelope glycoprotein binds sialic acid-containing receptors before being triggered by endosomal low pH to undergo irreversible structural changes that cause membrane fusion. The HA proteins from different IAV isolates can vary in the pH at which HA protein structural changes are triggered, the protein causes membrane fusion, or outside the cell the virion becomes inactivated. HA activation pH values generally range from pH 4.8 to 6.2. Human-adapted HA proteins tend to have relatively stable HA proteins activated at pH 5.5 or below. Here, studies are reviewed that report HA stability values and investigate the biological impact of variations in HA stability on replication, pathogenicity, and transmissibility in experimental animal models. Overall, a stabilized HA protein appears to be necessary for human pandemic potential and should be considered when assessing human pandemic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles J Russell
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA
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8
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Gao R, Gu M, Shi L, Liu K, Li X, Wang X, Hu J, Liu X, Hu S, Chen S, Peng D, Jiao X, Liu X. N-linked glycosylation at site 158 of the HA protein of H5N6 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus is important for viral biological properties and host immune responses. Vet Res 2021; 52:8. [PMID: 33436086 PMCID: PMC7805195 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-020-00879-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since 2014, clade 2.3.4.4 has become the dominant epidemic branch of the Asian lineage H5 subtype highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) in southern and eastern China, while the H5N6 subtype is the most prevalent. We have shown earlier that lack of glycosylation at position 158 of the hemagglutinin (HA) glycoprotein due to the T160A mutation is a key determinant of the dual receptor binding property of clade 2.3.4.4 H5NX subtypes. Our present study aims to explore other effects of this site among H5N6 viruses. Here we report that N-linked glycosylation at site 158 facilitated the assembly of virus-like particles and enhanced virus replication in A549, MDCK, and chicken embryonic fibroblast (CEF) cells. Consistently, the HA-glycosylated H5N6 virus induced higher levels of inflammatory factors and resulted in stronger pathogenicity in mice than the virus without glycosylation at site 158. However, H5N6 viruses without glycosylation at site 158 were more resistant to heat and bound host cells better than the HA-glycosylated viruses. H5N6 virus without glycosylation at this site triggered the host immune response mechanism to antagonize the viral infection, making viral pathogenicity milder and favoring virus spread. These findings highlight the importance of glycosylation at site 158 of HA for the pathogenicity of the H5N6 viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyi Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, No.48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, No.48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liwei Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, No.48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kaituo Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, No.48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiuli Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, No.48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoquan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, No.48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiao Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, No.48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaowen Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, No.48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shunlin Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, No.48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sujuan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, No.48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Daxin Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, No.48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinan Jiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, No.48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiufan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, No.48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China. .,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.
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9
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Declercq M, Biquand E, Karim M, Pietrosemoli N, Jacob Y, Demeret C, Barbezange C, van der Werf S. Influenza A virus co-opts ERI1 exonuclease bound to histone mRNA to promote viral transcription. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:10428-10440. [PMID: 32960265 PMCID: PMC7544206 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular exonucleases involved in the processes that regulate RNA stability and quality control have been shown to restrict or to promote the multiplication cycle of numerous RNA viruses. Influenza A viruses are major human pathogens that are responsible for seasonal epidemics, but the interplay between viral proteins and cellular exonucleases has never been specifically studied. Here, using a stringent interactomics screening strategy and an siRNA-silencing approach, we identified eight cellular factors among a set of 75 cellular proteins carrying exo(ribo)nuclease activities or involved in RNA decay processes that support influenza A virus multiplication. We show that the exoribonuclease ERI1 interacts with the PB2, PB1 and NP components of the viral ribonucleoproteins and is required for viral mRNA transcription. More specifically, we demonstrate that the protein-protein interaction is RNA dependent and that both the RNA binding and exonuclease activities of ERI1 are required to promote influenza A virus transcription. Finally, we provide evidence that during infection, the SLBP protein and histone mRNAs co-purify with vRNPs alongside ERI1, indicating that ERI1 is most probably recruited when it is present in the histone pre-mRNA processing complex in the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Declercq
- Unité Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN, UMR3569 CNRS, Université de Paris, Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Elise Biquand
- Unité Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN, UMR3569 CNRS, Université de Paris, Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Marwah Karim
- Unité Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN, UMR3569 CNRS, Université de Paris, Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Natalia Pietrosemoli
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Department of Computational Biology, Institut Pasteur, USR 3756 CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Yves Jacob
- Unité Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN, UMR3569 CNRS, Université de Paris, Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Demeret
- Unité Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN, UMR3569 CNRS, Université de Paris, Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Cyril Barbezange
- Unité Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN, UMR3569 CNRS, Université de Paris, Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie van der Werf
- Unité Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN, UMR3569 CNRS, Université de Paris, Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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10
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Engler RJM, Nelson MR. Host immune responses to influenza infection and vaccines: Lessons learned for all viral pandemic challenges. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2020; 125:2-3. [PMID: 32564928 PMCID: PMC7302797 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2020.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Renata J M Engler
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Michael R Nelson
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
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11
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Fundamental Contribution and Host Range Determination of ANP32A and ANP32B in Influenza A Virus Polymerase Activity. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.00174-19. [PMID: 30996088 PMCID: PMC6580979 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00174-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The polymerase of the influenza virus is part of the key machinery necessary for viral replication. However, the avian influenza virus polymerase is restricted in mammalian cells. The cellular protein ANP32A has been recently found to interact with viral polymerase and to influence both polymerase activity and interspecies restriction. We report here that either human ANP32A or ANP32B is indispensable for human influenza A virus RNA replication. The contribution of huANP32B is equal to that of huANP32A, and together they play a fundamental role in the activity of human influenza A virus polymerase, while neither human ANP32A nor ANP32B supports the activity of avian viral polymerase. Interestingly, we found that avian ANP32B was naturally inactive, leaving avian ANP32A alone to support viral replication. Two amino acid mutations at sites 129 to 130 in chicken ANP32B lead to the loss of support of viral replication and weak interaction with the viral polymerase complex, and these amino acids are also crucial in the maintenance of viral polymerase activity in other ANP32 proteins. Our findings strongly support ANP32A and ANP32B as key factors for both virus replication and adaptation.IMPORTANCE The key host factors involved in the influenza A viral polymerase activity and RNA replication remain largely unknown. We provide evidence here that ANP32A and ANP32B from different species are powerful factors in the maintenance of viral polymerase activity. Human ANP32A and ANP32B contribute equally to support human influenza viral RNA replication. However, unlike avian ANP32A, the avian ANP32B is evolutionarily nonfunctional in supporting viral replication because of a mutation at sites 129 and 130. These sites play an important role in ANP32A/ANP32B and viral polymerase interaction and therefore determine viral replication, suggesting a novel interface as a potential target for the development of anti-influenza strategies.
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12
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13
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Hodgson L, Verkade P, Yamauchi Y. Correlative Light and Electron Microscopy of Influenza Virus Entry and Budding. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1836:237-260. [PMID: 30151577 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8678-1_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) entry is a stepwise process regulated by viral and cellular cues, facilitating cellular functions. Virus entry begins by attachment of hemagglutinin to cell surface sialic acids, followed by endocytic uptake, vesicular transport along microtubules, low-pH-mediated viral membrane fusion with the late endosomal membrane, capsid uncoating, viral ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) release, and nuclear import of vRNPs. Here we show a basic methodology to visualize incoming and egressing IAV particles by correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM). We combine fluorescence microscopy of virus-infected human lung carcinoma A549 cells with high-pressure freezing (HPF) and in-resin fluorescence CLEM and the Tokuyasu CLEM method. This approach forms a basis to study the virus life cycle and virus-host interactions at the ultrastructural level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorna Hodgson
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Paul Verkade
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Wolfson Bioimaging Facility, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Yohei Yamauchi
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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14
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Shim JM, Kim J, Tenson T, Min JY, Kainov DE. Influenza Virus Infection, Interferon Response, Viral Counter-Response, and Apoptosis. Viruses 2017; 9:E223. [PMID: 28805681 PMCID: PMC5580480 DOI: 10.3390/v9080223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Human influenza A viruses (IAVs) cause global pandemics and epidemics, which remain serious threats to public health because of the shortage of effective means of control. To combat the surge of viral outbreaks, new treatments are urgently needed. Developing new virus control modalities requires better understanding of virus-host interactions. Here, we describe how IAV infection triggers cellular apoptosis and how this process can be exploited towards the development of new therapeutics, which might be more effective than the currently available anti-influenza drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jinhee Kim
- Institut Pasteur Korea, Gyeonggi-do 13488, Korea.
| | - Tanel Tenson
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu 50090, Estonia.
| | - Ji-Young Min
- Institut Pasteur Korea, Gyeonggi-do 13488, Korea.
| | - Denis E Kainov
- Institut Pasteur Korea, Gyeonggi-do 13488, Korea.
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu 50090, Estonia.
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7028, Norway.
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