1
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Conformation specific antagonistic high affinity antibodies to the RON receptor kinase for imaging and therapy. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22564. [PMID: 36581692 PMCID: PMC9800565 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26404-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The RON receptor tyrosine kinase is an exceptionally interesting target in oncology and immunology. It is not only overexpressed in a wide variety of tumors but also has been shown to be expressed on myeloid cells associated with tumor infiltration, where it serves to dampen tumour immune responses and reduce the efficacy of anti-CTLA4 therapy. Potent and selective inhibitory antibodies to RON might therefore both inhibit tumor cell growth and stimulate immune rejection of tumors. We derived cloned and sequenced a new panel of exceptionally avid anti-RON antibodies with picomolar binding affinities that inhibit MSP-induced RON signaling and show remarkable potency in antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Antibody specificity was validated by cloning the antibody genes and creating recombinant antibodies and by the use of RON knock out cell lines. When radiolabeled with 89-Zirconium, the new antibodies 3F8 and 10G1 allow effective immuno-positron emission tomography (immunoPET) imaging of RON-expressing tumors and recognize universally exposed RON epitopes at the cell surface. The 10G1 was further developed into a novel bispecific T cell engager with a 15 pM EC50 in cytotoxic T cell killing assays.
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2
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Targeting the CD47-SIRPα Axis: Present Therapies and the Future for Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223591. [PMID: 36429020 PMCID: PMC9688096 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The loss of CD47 on aging cells serves as a signal to macrophages to eliminate the target. Therefore, CD47 is a "do-not-eat-me" sign preventing macrophagal phagocytosis via interaction with its ligand SIRPα. Malignant lymphocytes of mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome express CD47 highly, thus, being ideal candidates for targeted anti-CD47 therapies. The classes of current anti-CD47-SIRPα therapeutic molecules present in a large variety and include monoclonal antibodies against CD47 and SIRPα, bioengineered SIRPα proteins, miRNAs, and bispecific antibodies. We provided a detailed analysis of all available investigational drugs in a contest of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. A combination of blockade of the CD47-SIRPα axis and secondary targets in the tumor microenvironment (TME) may improve the clinical efficacy of current immunotherapeutic approaches. We evaluated the possible combination and outlined the most promising one.
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3
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Zhang G, Yan B, Guo Y, Yang H, Li J. "Sandwich" Strategy to Intensify EGFR Blockade by Concurrent Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor and Monoclonal Antibody Treatment in Highly Selected Patients. Front Oncol 2022; 12:952939. [PMID: 35903676 PMCID: PMC9321780 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.952939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
EGFR TKIs are not curative, and targeted resistance inevitably results in therapeutic failure. Additionally, there are numerous uncommon EGFR mutations that are insensitive to EGFR TKIs, and there is a lack of clinical strategies to overcome these limitations. EGFR TKI and mAbs target EGFR at different sites, and a combination regimen for delaying/preventing resistance to targeted therapy or obtaining more intensive inhibition for uncommon mutations at cellular, animal and human levels has been explored. This review critically focuses on a combination strategy for uncommon EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC, and discuss the preclinical data, clinical implications, limitations and future prospects of the combination strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Beibei Yan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanan Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hang Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jindong Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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4
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Chu W, Xu H, Wang Y, Xie Y, Chen YL, Tan X, Huang C, Wang G, Wang Q, Luo W, Xia N, Geng M, Xie Z, Wang C. HER2/PD1 bispecific antibody in IgG4 subclass with superior anti-tumour activities. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e791. [PMID: 35384333 PMCID: PMC8982313 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wendi Chu
- Biotherapeutics Discovery Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bldg#1, 720 Cai Lun Road, Shanghai, 200126, PR China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, 200126, PR China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yanfei Wang
- Biotherapeutics Discovery Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bldg#1, 720 Cai Lun Road, Shanghai, 200126, PR China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yongle Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, 200126, PR China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yi-Li Chen
- Shanghai Mabstone Biotechnology Ltd, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xiaorong Tan
- Biotherapeutics Discovery Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bldg#1, 720 Cai Lun Road, Shanghai, 200126, PR China
| | - Chenghao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health and School of Life Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Guifeng Wang
- Biotherapeutics Discovery Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bldg#1, 720 Cai Lun Road, Shanghai, 200126, PR China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Qi Wang
- Biotherapeutics Discovery Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bldg#1, 720 Cai Lun Road, Shanghai, 200126, PR China
| | - Wenxin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health and School of Life Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Ningshao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health and School of Life Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Meiyu Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, 200126, PR China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zuoquan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, 200126, PR China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Chunhe Wang
- Biotherapeutics Discovery Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bldg#1, 720 Cai Lun Road, Shanghai, 200126, PR China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China.,Dartsbio Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Zhongshan, PR China
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5
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Antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis of tropomyosin receptor kinase C (TrkC) expressing cancer cells for targeted immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2022; 71:2099-2108. [PMID: 35032175 PMCID: PMC10365225 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-022-03147-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Conventional cancer therapies such as chemotherapy are non-selective and induce immune system anergy, which lead to serious side effects and tumor relapse. It is a challenge to prime the body's immune system in the cancer-bearing subject to produce cancer antigen-targeting antibodies, as most tumor-associated antigens are expressed abundantly in cancer cells and some of normal cells. This study illustrates how hapten-based pre-immunization (for anti-hapten antibodies production) combined with cancer receptor labeling with hapten antigen constructs can elicit antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP). Thus, the hapten antigen 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) was covalently combined with a cancer receptor-binding dipeptide (IYIY) to form a dipeptide-hapten construct (IYIY-DNP, MW = 1322.33) that targets the tropomyosin receptor kinase C (TrkC)-expressed on the surface of metastatic cancer cells. IYIY-DNP facilitated selective association of RAW264.7 macrophages to the TrkC expressing 4T1 cancer cells in vitro, forming cell aggregates in the presence of anti-DNP antibodies, suggesting initiation of anti-DNP antibody-dependent cancer cell recognition of macrophages by the IYIY-DNP. In in vivo, IYIY-DNP at 10 mg/kg suppressed growth of 4T1 tumors in DNP-immunized BALB/c mice by 45% (p < 0.05), when comparing the area under the tumor growth curve to that of the saline-treated DNP-immunized mice. Meanwhile, IYIY-DNP at 10 mg/kg had no effect on TrkC-negative 67NR tumor-bearing mice immunized with DNP. Tumor growth suppression activity of IYIY-DNP in DNP-immunized mice was associated with an increase in the anti-DNP IgG (7.3 × 106 ± 1.6 U/mL) and IgM (0.9 × 106 ± 0.07 U/mL) antibodies after five cycles of DNP treatment, demonstrated potential for hapten-based pre-immunization then treatment with IYIY-DNP to elicit ADCP for improved immunotherapy of TrkC expressing cancers.
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6
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Therapeutic Antibodies Targeting Potassium Ion Channels. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 267:507-545. [PMID: 33963460 DOI: 10.1007/164_2021_464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies combine specificity and high affinity binding with excellent pharmacokinetic properties and are rapidly being developed for a wide range of drug targets including clinically important potassium ion channels. Nonetheless, while therapeutic antibodies come with great promise, K+ channels represent particularly difficult targets for biologics development for a variety of reasons that include their dynamic structures and relatively small extracellular loops, their high degree of sequence conservation (leading to immune tolerance), and their generally low-level expression in vivo. The process is made all the more difficult when large numbers of antibody candidates must be screened for a given target, or when lead candidates fail to cross-react with orthologous channels in animal disease models due to their highly selective binding properties. While the number of antibodies targeting potassium channels in preclinical or clinical development is still modest, significant advances in the areas of protein expression and antibody screening are converging to open the field to an avalanche of new drugs. Here, the opportunities and constraints associated with the discovery of antibodies against K+ channels are discussed, with an emphasis on novel technologies that are opening the field to exciting new possibilities for biologics development.
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7
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Rau A, Kocher K, Rommel M, Kühl L, Albrecht M, Gotthard H, Aschmoneit N, Noll B, Olayioye MA, Kontermann RE, Seifert O. A bivalent, bispecific Dab-Fc antibody molecule for dual targeting of HER2 and HER3. MAbs 2021; 13:1902034. [PMID: 33752566 PMCID: PMC7993124 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2021.1902034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dual targeting of surface receptors with bispecific antibodies is attracting increasing interest in cancer therapy. Here, we present a novel bivalent and bispecific antagonistic molecule (Dab-Fc) targeting human epidermal growth factors 2 and 3 (HER2 and HER3) derived from the Db-Ig platform, which was developed for the generation of multivalent and multispecific antibody molecules. Dab-Fc comprises the variable domains of the anti-HER2 antibody trastuzumab and the anti-HER3 antibody 3-43 assembled into a diabody-like structure stabilized by CH1 and CL domains and further fused to a human γ1 Fc region. The resulting Dab-Fc 2 × 3 molecule retained unhindered binding to both antigens and was able to bind both antigens sequentially. In cellular experiments, the Dab-Fc 2 × 3 molecule strongly bound to different tumor cell lines expressing HER2 and HER3 and was efficiently internalized. This was associated with potent inhibition of the proliferation and migration of these tumor cell lines. Furthermore, IgG-like pharmacokinetics and anti-tumoral activity were demonstrated in a xenograft tumor model of the gastric cancer cell-line NCI-N87. These results illustrate the suitability of our versatile Db-Ig platform technology for the generation of bivalent bispecific molecules, which has been successfully used here for the dual targeting of HER2 and HER3.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Bispecific/pharmacokinetics
- Antibodies, Bispecific/pharmacology
- Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity/drug effects
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacokinetics
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacology
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments/pharmacology
- MCF-7 Cells
- Mice, SCID
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Receptor, ErbB-2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, ErbB-2/immunology
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
- Receptor, ErbB-3/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, ErbB-3/immunology
- Receptor, ErbB-3/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Stomach Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Stomach Neoplasms/immunology
- Stomach Neoplasms/metabolism
- Stomach Neoplasms/pathology
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Rau
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Katharina Kocher
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Mirjam Rommel
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Lennart Kühl
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Maximilian Albrecht
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hannes Gotthard
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Nadine Aschmoneit
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Bettina Noll
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Monilola A. Olayioye
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
- Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology (SRCSB), University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Roland E. Kontermann
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
- Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology (SRCSB), University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Oliver Seifert
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
- Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology (SRCSB), University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
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8
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Thompson EA, Powell JD. Inhibition of the Adenosine Pathway to Potentiate Cancer Immunotherapy: Potential for Combinatorial Approaches. Annu Rev Med 2020; 72:331-348. [PMID: 32903139 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-060619-023155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized the way that we think about treating cancer. Although checkpoint blockade therapy, including anti-PD-1/PD-L1 and anti-CTLA-4, has shown remarkable success, the responses are limited to only a subset of patients. This discrepancy highlights the many overlapping avenues for immune evasion or suppression that can be employed by a tumor. One such mechanism of immunosuppression is adenosinergic signaling within the tumor microenvironment. We provide an overview of the current status of clinical trials targeting the adenosine pathway, including CD73, CD39, and adenosine receptors. Additionally, we highlight several avenues that may be explored to further potentiate responses in the clinic by combining adenosine-targeting agents to target multiple arms of the pathway or by using conventional immunotherapy agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Thompson
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA; ,
| | - Jonathan D Powell
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA; ,
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9
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Kanwal M, Smahel M, Olsen M, Smahelova J, Tachezy R. Aspartate β-hydroxylase as a target for cancer therapy. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2020; 39:163. [PMID: 32811566 PMCID: PMC7433162 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01669-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As metastasis is a major cause of death in cancer patients, new anti-metastatic strategies are needed to improve cancer therapy outcomes. Numerous pathways have been shown to contribute to migration and invasion of malignant tumors. Aspartate β-hydroxylase (ASPH) is a key player in the malignant transformation of solid tumors by enhancing cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. ASPH also promotes tumor growth by stimulation of angiogenesis and immunosuppression. These effects are mainly achieved via the activation of Notch and SRC signaling pathways. ASPH expression is upregulated by growth factors and hypoxia in different human tumors and its inactivation may have broad clinical impact. Therefore, small molecule inhibitors of ASPH enzymatic activity have been developed and their anti-metastatic effect confirmed in preclinical mouse models. ASPH can also be targeted by monoclonal antibodies and has also been used as a tumor-associated antigen to induce both cluster of differentiation (CD) 8+ and CD4+ T cells in mice. The PAN-301-1 vaccine against ASPH has already been tested in a phase 1 clinical trial in patients with prostate cancer. In summary, ASPH is a promising target for anti-tumor and anti-metastatic therapy based on inactivation of catalytic activity and/or immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madiha Kanwal
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Smahel
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic.
| | - Mark Olsen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy - Glendale, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA
- Crenae Therapeutics, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Jana Smahelova
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Ruth Tachezy
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
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10
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Mishra RK, Ahmad A, Vyawahare A, Kumar A, Khan R. Understanding the Monoclonal Antibody Involvement in Targeting the Activation of Tumor Suppressor Genes. Curr Top Med Chem 2020; 20:1810-1823. [DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200616133814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have always provided outstanding therapeutic arsenal in the
treatment of cancer, be it hematological malignancies or solid tumors. Monoclonal antibodies mediated
targeting of cancer genes in general and tumor-suppressor genes, in particular, have appreciably allowed
the possibilities of trafficking these antibodies to specific tumor mechanisms and aim for the pin-point
maneuvered tumor treatment strategies. The conventional cancer treatment options are associated with
enormous limitations like drug resistance, acute and pan-toxic side effects and collateral damage to other
unrelated cells and organs. Therefore, monoclonal antibody-mediated treatments have some special advantages
of specific targeting of cancer-related genes and minimizing the off-target side effects. A large
number of monoclonal antibody-mediated treatment regimen viz. use of immunoconjugates, clinically
targeting TGFβ with pan-TGFβ monoclonal antibodies, p53 by its monoclonal antibodies and EGFRtargeted
monoclonal antibodies, etc. have been observed in the recent past. In this review, the authors
have discussed some of the significant advances in the context of targeting tumor suppressor genes with
monoclonal antibodies. Approximately 250 articles were scanned from research databases like PubMed
central, Europe PubMed Central and google scholar up to the date of inception, and relevant reports on
monoclonal antibody-mediated targeting of cancer genes were selected. mAb mediated targeting of tumor
suppressor genes is a recent grey paradigm, which has not been explored up to its maximum potential.
Therefore, this review will be of appreciable significance that it will boost further in-depth understanding
of various aspects of mAb arbitrated cancer targeting and will warrant and promote further rigorous
research initiatives in this regard. The authors expect that this review will acquaint the readers
with the current status regarding the recent progress in the domain of mAbs and their employability and
targetability towards tumor suppressor genes in anti-cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar Mishra
- Department of Nano-Therapeutics, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Habitat Centre, Phase 10, Sector 64, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Anas Ahmad
- Department of Nano-Therapeutics, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Habitat Centre, Phase 10, Sector 64, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Akshay Vyawahare
- Department of Nano-Therapeutics, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Habitat Centre, Phase 10, Sector 64, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Nano-Therapeutics, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Habitat Centre, Phase 10, Sector 64, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Rehan Khan
- Department of Nano-Therapeutics, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Habitat Centre, Phase 10, Sector 64, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
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11
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Yu J, Song Y, Tian W. How to select IgG subclasses in developing anti-tumor therapeutic antibodies. J Hematol Oncol 2020; 13:45. [PMID: 32370812 PMCID: PMC7201658 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-00876-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The intact antibody of human immunoglobulin (IgG) is composed of the fragment for antigen binding (Fab) and the crystallizable fragment (Fc) for binding of Fcγ receptors. Among the four subclasses of human IgG (IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4), which differ in their constant regions, particularly in their hinges and CH2 domains, IgG1 has the highest FcγR-binding affinity, followed by IgG3, IgG2, and IgG4. As a result, different subclasses have different effector functions such as antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP). Fcγ receptors include six subtypes (FcγRI, FcγRIIA, FcγRIIB, FcγRIIC, FcγRIIIA, FcγRIIIB) which differ in cellular distribution, binding affinity to Fc, and the resulting biological activity. Therefore, when developing anti-tumor therapeutic antibodies, including single-targeted antibodies, bi-specific antibodies (BsAbs), and antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), many factors, such as target biology, cellular distribution of the targets, the environments of particular tumor types, as well as the proposed mechanism of action (MOA), must be taken into consideration. This review outlines fundamental strategies that are required to select IgG subclasses in developing anti-tumor therapeutic antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifeng Yu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China. .,Academy of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Yongping Song
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Wenzhi Tian
- ImmuneOnco Biopharmaceuticals (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 201203, China.
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