1
|
Reeder BJ, Deganutti G, Ukeri J, Atanasio S, Svistunenko DA, Ronchetti C, Mobarec JC, Welbourn E, Asaju J, Vos MH, Wilson MT, Reynolds CA. The circularly permuted globin domain of androglobin exhibits atypical heme stabilization and nitric oxide interaction. Chem Sci 2024; 15:6738-6751. [PMID: 38725499 PMCID: PMC11077535 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00953c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In the decade since the discovery of androglobin, a multi-domain hemoglobin of metazoans associated with ciliogenesis and spermatogenesis, there has been little advance in the knowledge of the biochemical and structural properties of this unusual member of the hemoglobin superfamily. Using a method for aligning remote homologues, coupled with molecular modelling and molecular dynamics, we have identified a novel structural alignment to other hemoglobins. This has led to the first stable recombinant expression and characterization of the circularly permuted globin domain. Exceptional for eukaryotic globins is that a tyrosine takes the place of the highly conserved phenylalanine in the CD1 position, a critical point in stabilizing the heme. A disulfide bond, similar to that found in neuroglobin, forms a closed loop around the heme pocket, taking the place of androglobin's missing CD loop and further supporting the heme pocket structure. Highly unusual in the globin superfamily is that the heme iron binds nitric oxide as a five-coordinate complex similar to other heme proteins that have nitric oxide storage functions. With rapid autoxidation and high nitrite reductase activity, the globin appears to be more tailored toward nitric oxide homeostasis or buffering. The use of our multi-template profile alignment method to yield the first biochemical characterisation of the circularly permuted globin domain of androglobin expands our knowledge of the fundamental functioning of this elusive protein and provides a pathway to better define the link between the biochemical traits of androglobin with proposed physiological functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon J Reeder
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex Wivenhoe Park Colchester Essex CO4 3SQ UK
| | - Giuseppe Deganutti
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex Wivenhoe Park Colchester Essex CO4 3SQ UK
- Centre for Health and Life Sciences (CHLS) Alison Gingell Building Coventry CV1 5FB UK
| | - John Ukeri
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex Wivenhoe Park Colchester Essex CO4 3SQ UK
| | - Silvia Atanasio
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex Wivenhoe Park Colchester Essex CO4 3SQ UK
| | - Dimitri A Svistunenko
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex Wivenhoe Park Colchester Essex CO4 3SQ UK
| | - Christopher Ronchetti
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex Wivenhoe Park Colchester Essex CO4 3SQ UK
| | - Juan Carlos Mobarec
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex Wivenhoe Park Colchester Essex CO4 3SQ UK
- Centre for Health and Life Sciences (CHLS) Alison Gingell Building Coventry CV1 5FB UK
| | - Elizabeth Welbourn
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex Wivenhoe Park Colchester Essex CO4 3SQ UK
| | - Jeffrey Asaju
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex Wivenhoe Park Colchester Essex CO4 3SQ UK
| | - Marten H Vos
- LOB, CNRS, INSERM, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris 91128 Palaiseau France
| | - Michael T Wilson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex Wivenhoe Park Colchester Essex CO4 3SQ UK
| | - Christopher A Reynolds
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex Wivenhoe Park Colchester Essex CO4 3SQ UK
- Centre for Health and Life Sciences (CHLS) Alison Gingell Building Coventry CV1 5FB UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang W, Chen SJ, Guo LY, Zhang Z, Zhang JB, Wang XM, Meng XB, Zhang MY, Zhang KK, Chen LL, Li YW, Wen Y, Wang L, Hu JH, Bai YY, Zhang XJ. Nitric oxide synthase and its function in animal reproduction: an update. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1288669. [PMID: 38028794 PMCID: PMC10662090 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1288669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), a free radical labile gas, is involved in the regulation of various biological functions and physiological processes during animal reproduction. Recently, increasing evidence suggests that the biological role and chemical fate of NO is dependent on dynamic regulation of its biosynthetic enzyme, three distinct nitric oxide synthase (NOS) according to their structure, location and function. The impact of NOS isoforms on reproductive functions need to be timely elucidated. Here, we focus on and the basic background and latest studies on the development, structure, importance inhibitor, location pattern, complex functions. Moreover, we summarize the exactly mechanisms which involved some cell signal pathways in the regulation of NOS with cellular and molecular level in the animal reproduction. Therefore, this growing research area provides the new insight into the important role of NOS male and female reproduction system. It also provides the treatment evidence on targeting NOS of reproductive regulation and diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Su juan Chen
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical College, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Li ya Guo
- College of Animal Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Zijing Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jia bin Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiao meng Wang
- College of Animal Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Xiang bo Meng
- College of Animal Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Min ying Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Ke ke Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Lin lin Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, China
| | - Yi wei Li
- College of Animal Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Yuliang Wen
- College of Animal Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Animal Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Jian he Hu
- College of Animal Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Yue yu Bai
- Animal Health Supervision in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiao jian Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dutta S, Sengupta P, Das S, Slama P, Roychoudhury S. Reactive Nitrogen Species and Male Reproduction: Physiological and Pathological Aspects. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810574. [PMID: 36142487 PMCID: PMC9506194 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive nitrogen species (RNS), like reactive oxygen species (ROS), are useful for sustaining reproductive processes such as cell signaling, the regulation of hormonal biosynthesis, sperm capacitation, hyperactivation, and acrosome reaction. However, endogenous levels of RNS beyond physiological limits can impair fertility by disrupting testicular functions, reducing gonadotropin production, and compromising semen quality. Excessive RNS levels cause a variety of abnormalities in germ cells and gametes, particularly in the membranes and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), and severely impair the maturation and fertilization processes. Cell fragmentation and developmental blockage, usually at the two-cell stage, are also connected with imbalanced redox status of the embryo during its early developmental stage. Since high RNS levels are closely linked to male infertility and conventional semen analyses are not reliable predictors of the assisted reproductive technology (ART) outcomes for such infertility cases, it is critical to develop novel ways of assessing and treating oxidative and/or nitrosative stress-mediated male infertility. This review aims to explicate the physiological and pathological roles of RNS and their relationship with male reproduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sulagna Dutta
- Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University, SP2, Bandar Saujana Putra, Jenjarom 42610, Malaysia
- School of Medical Sciences, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research (BIHER), 173 Agaram Main Rd., Selaiyur, Chennai 600073, India
| | - Pallav Sengupta
- School of Medical Sciences, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research (BIHER), 173 Agaram Main Rd., Selaiyur, Chennai 600073, India
- Physiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, SP2, Bandar Saujana Putra, Jenjarom 42610, Malaysia
| | - Sanghamitra Das
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar 788011, India
| | - Petr Slama
- Laboratory of Animal Immunology and Biotechnology, Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (P.S.); (S.R.)
| | - Shubhadeep Roychoudhury
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar 788011, India
- Correspondence: (P.S.); (S.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Upadhyay VR, Ramesh V, Dewry RK, Yadav DK, Ponraj P. Bimodal interplay of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in physiology and pathophysiology of bovine sperm function. Theriogenology 2022; 187:82-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
5
|
Francomano D, Sanguigni V, Capogrosso P, Deho F, Antonini G. New Insight into Molecular and Hormonal Connection in Andrology. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111908. [PMID: 34769341 PMCID: PMC8584869 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hormones and cytokines are known to regulate cellular functions in the testes. These biomolecules induce a broad spectrum of effects on various level of spermatogenesis, and among them is the modulation of cell junction restructuring between Sertoli cells and germ cells in the seminiferous epithelium. Cytokines and androgens are closely related, and both correct testicular development and the maintenance of spermatogenesis depend on their function. Cytokines also play a crucial role in the immune testicular system, activating and directing leucocytes across the endothelial barrier to the inflammatory site, as well as in increasing their adhesion to the vascular wall. The purpose of this review is to revise the most recent findings on molecular mechanisms that play a key role in male sexual function, focusing on three specific molecular patterns, namely, cytokines, miRNAs, and endothelial progenitor cells. Numerous reports on the interactions between the immune and endocrine systems can be found in the literature. However, there is not yet a multi-approach review of the literature underlying the role between molecular patterns and testicular and sexual function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Francomano
- Division of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Madonna delle Grazie Hospital, 00049 Rome, Italy
- GCS Point Medical Center, 0010 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Valerio Sanguigni
- Department of Medicine of Systems, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00100 Rome, Italy;
| | - Paolo Capogrosso
- ASST-Sette Laghi, Circolo & Fondazione Macchi Hospital, University of Insurbria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (P.C.); (F.D.)
| | - Federico Deho
- ASST-Sette Laghi, Circolo & Fondazione Macchi Hospital, University of Insurbria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (P.C.); (F.D.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dutta S, Sandhu N, Sengupta P, Alves MG, Henkel R, Agarwal A. Somatic-Immune Cells Crosstalk In-The-Making of Testicular Immune Privilege. Reprod Sci 2021; 29:2707-2718. [PMID: 34580844 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00721-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Immunological infertility contributes significantly to the etiology of idiopathic male infertility. Shielding the spermatogenic cells from systemic immune responses is fundamental to secure normal production of spermatozoa. The body's immune system is tuned with the host self-components since the early postnatal period, while sperm first develops during puberty, thus rendering spermatogenic proteins as 'non-self' or 'antigenic.' Development of antibodies to these antigens elicits autoimmune responses affecting sperm motility, functions, and fertility. Therefore, the testes need to establish a specialized immune-privileged microenvironment to protect the allogenic germ cells by orchestration of various testicular cells and resident immune cells. This is achieved through sequestration of antigenic germ cells by blood-testis barrier and actions of various endocrine, paracrine, immune-suppressive, and immunomodulatory mechanisms. The various mechanisms are very complex and need conceptual integration to disclose the exact physiological scenario, and to facilitate detection and management of immunogenic infertility caused by disruption of testicular immune regulation. The present review aims to (a) discuss the components of testicular immune privilege; (b) explain testicular somatic and immune cell interactions in establishing and maintaining the testicular immune micro-environment; and (c) illustrate the integration of multiple mechanisms involved in the control of immune privilege of the testis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sulagna Dutta
- Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University, Jenjarom, Selangor , Malaysia
| | - Narpal Sandhu
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Pallav Sengupta
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jenjarom, Selangor , Malaysia
| | - Marco G Alves
- Department of Anatomy and Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ralf Henkel
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Medical Bioscience, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
- LogixX Pharma, Theale, Berkshire, UK
| | - Ashok Agarwal
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Mail Code X-11, 10681 Carnegie Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Olofinsan KA, Salau VF, Erukainure OL, Islam MS. Ocimum tenuiflorum mitigates iron-induced testicular toxicity via modulation of redox imbalance, cholinergic and purinergic dysfunctions, and glucose metabolizing enzymes activities. Andrologia 2021; 53:e14179. [PMID: 34228819 DOI: 10.1111/and.14179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a primary culprit in the pathophysiology of infertility conditions in males. This study investigated the effects of Ocimum tenuiflorum on redox imbalance, cholinergic and purinergic dysfunctions and glucose dysmetabolism in oxidative-mediated testicular toxicity using in vitro, ex vivo and in silico models. Induction of oxidative testicular injury was carried out by incubating normal testicular tissue with 0.1 mM FeSO4 and treated by co-incubating with different concentrations of O. tenuiflorum infusion for 30 min at 37°C. O. tenuiflorum displayed significant ferric reducing power activity while scavenging DPPH and hydroxyl (OH˙) free radicals in vitro. Oxidative testicular injury significantly reduced the glutathione level and superoxide dismutase and catalase activities with concomitant elevation of malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels and acetylcholinesterase, ATPase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase and glycogen phosphorylase (GlyP) activities. Incubation with the infusion significantly reversed these levels and activities. The phytochemical constituent of the infusion was detected by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy analysis and revealed favourable binding energies when docked with some of the studied proteins. These results suggest O. tenuiflorum exerts a protective effect against Fe2+ induced testicular toxicity via mitigation of redox imbalance while modulating metabolic dysfunctions linked to male infertility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Veronica F Salau
- Department of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,Department of Biochemistry, Veritas University, Bwari, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Ochuko L Erukainure
- Department of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,Department of Pharmacology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Md Shahidul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Banihani SA, Shatnawi RM. Aspirin decreases human sperm motility and vitality, chelates seminal calcium, but insignificantly reduces seminal nitric oxide production. Andrologia 2020; 52:e13776. [DOI: 10.1111/and.13776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Saleem A. Banihani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences Jordan University of Science and Technology Irbid Jordan
| | - Reema M. Shatnawi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences Jordan University of Science and Technology Irbid Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Serrano R, Garrido N, Céspedes JA, González-Fernández L, García-Marín LJ, Bragado MJ. Molecular Mechanisms Involved in the Impairment of Boar Sperm Motility by Peroxynitrite-Induced Nitrosative Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1208. [PMID: 32054116 PMCID: PMC7072751 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive levels of reactive nitrogen species (RNS) produce nitrosative stress. Among RNS is peroxynitrite, a highly reactive free radical generated when nitric oxide reacts with superoxide anion. Peroxynitrite effects have been mainly studied in somatic cells, and in spermatozoa the majority of studies are focused in humans. The aim of this study is to investigate the in vitro peroxynitrite effect on boar spermatozoa functions and the molecular mechanisms involved. Spermatozoa were exposed to the donor 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1) in non-capacitating or capacitating medium, motility was evaluated by CASA, functional parameters by flow cytometry and sperm protein phosphorylation by Western blotting. SIN-1 treatment, that significantly increases peroxynitrite levels in boar spermatozoa, potentiates the capacitating-stimulated phosphorylation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase 1 (PKA) substrates and GSK-3α. SIN-1 induced peroxynitrite does not decrease sperm viability, but significantly reduces sperm motility, progressive motility, velocities and motility coefficients. Concomitantly, peroxynitrite does not affect mitochondrial membrane potential, plasma membrane fluidity, or A23187-induced acrosome reaction. However, peroxynitrite significantly increases sperm lipid peroxidation in both media. In conclusion, peroxynitrite compromises boar sperm motility without affecting mitochondrial activity. Although peroxynitrite potentiates the phosphorylation of pathways leading to sperm motility, it also causes oxidative stress that might explain, at least partially, the motility impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - María J. Bragado
- Research Group of Intracellular Signaling and Technology of Reproduction (Research Institute INBIO G+C), University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (R.S.); (N.G.); (J.A.C.); (L.G.-F.); (L.J.G.-M.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Magalhães J, Ascensão A, Padrão AI, Aleixo IM, Santos-Alves E, Rocha-Rodrigues S, Ferreira A, Korrodi-Gregório L, Vitorino R, Ferreira R, Fardilha M. Can exercise training counteract doxorubicin-induced oxidative damage of testis proteome? Toxicol Lett 2017; 280:57-69. [PMID: 28818578 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The use of the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin (DOX) is limited by its toxicity in several organs such as testes. So, we analyzed the effect of endurance treadmill exercise training (EX) performed before sub-chronic DOX treatment on sperm count and motility, testes markers of oxidative damage and apoptosis. Tissue profiling of proteins more susceptible to oxidation was made to identify the molecular pathways regulated by oxidative modifications, as nitration and carbonylation. Twenty-four adult male rats were divided into four groups (n=6/group): sedentary saline (SED+SAL), sedentary sub-chronically injected with DOX (2mg-kg-1 per week, during 7 weeks; SED+DOX), 12 weeks trained saline (EX+SAL) and trained treated with DOX (EX+DOX). DOX treatment started 5 weeks after the beginning of the exercise program. Testes caspase-3, -8 and -9, as well as aconitase activities, the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), sulfhydryl groups (-SH), carbonyl and nitrotyrosine derivatives were determined. Modified proteins were identified by 2D-Western blot followed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry, and bioinformatic analysis was performed to assess the biological processes regulated by these chemical modifications. The decreased sperm motility induced by DOX was not modified by exercise. Significant increases in MDA content in SED+DOX and in caspase-3 and -9 activities in EX+DOX were found. Despite no significant differences in the levels of carbonylated and nitrated proteins, exercise modulated testis proteome susceptibility to oxidation in DOX-treated group, with less modified proteins identified. Zinc finger Ran-binding domain-containing protein 2 (ZRAB2) and AN1-type zinc finger protein 3 (ZFAN3) were among the proteins found oxidativelly modified. Although no marked alterations in testes oxidative damage were noticed, proteomic analysis of oxidativelly modified proteins highlighted the protective role of exercise against oxidative damage of some proteins involved in metabolism and stress response against DOX.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Magalhães
- Research Centre in Physical Activity Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, R. Dr. Plácido da Costa 91, Porto, Portugal
| | - António Ascensão
- Research Centre in Physical Activity Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, R. Dr. Plácido da Costa 91, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana I Padrão
- Research Centre in Physical Activity Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, R. Dr. Plácido da Costa 91, Porto, Portugal; QOPNA, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Inês M Aleixo
- Research Centre in Physical Activity Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, R. Dr. Plácido da Costa 91, Porto, Portugal
| | - Estela Santos-Alves
- Research Centre in Physical Activity Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, R. Dr. Plácido da Costa 91, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Rocha-Rodrigues
- Research Centre in Physical Activity Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, R. Dr. Plácido da Costa 91, Porto, Portugal
| | - André Ferreira
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Medical Sciences Department, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Luis Korrodi-Gregório
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Medical Sciences Department, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rui Vitorino
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Medical Sciences Department, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal; Unidade de Investigação Cardiovascular, Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Rita Ferreira
- QOPNA, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Margarida Fardilha
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Medical Sciences Department, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pérez CV, Theas MS, Jacobo PV, Jarazo-Dietrich S, Guazzone VA, Lustig L. Dual role of immune cells in the testis: Protective or pathogenic for germ cells? SPERMATOGENESIS 2014; 3:e23870. [PMID: 23687616 PMCID: PMC3644047 DOI: 10.4161/spmg.23870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to describe how the immune cells present in the testis interact with the germinal epithelium contributing to survival or apoptosis of germ cells (GCs). Physiologically, the immunosuppressor testicular microenvironment protects GCs from immune attack, whereas in inflammatory conditions, tolerance is disrupted and immune cells and their mediators respond to GC self antigens, inducing damage of the germinal epithelium. Considering that experimental models of autoimmune orchitis have clarified the local immune mechanisms by which protection of the testis is compromised, we described the following topics in the testis of normal and orchitic rats: (1) cell adhesion molecule expression of seminiferous tubule specialized junctions and modulation of blood-testis barrier permeability by cytokines (2) phenotypic and functional characteristics of testicular dendritic cells, macrophages, effector and regulatory T cells and mast cells and (3) effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and FasL) and the nitric oxide-nitric oxide synthase system on GC apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia V Pérez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas; UBA/CONICET; Facultad de Medicina; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Buzadzic B, Vucetic M, Jankovic A, Stancic A, Korac A, Korac B, Otasevic V. New insights into male (in)fertility: the importance of NO. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 172:1455-67. [PMID: 24601995 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Infertility is a global problem that is on the rise, especially during the last decade. Currently, infertility affects approximately 10-15% of the population worldwide. The frequency and origin of different forms of infertility varies. It has been shown that reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) are involved in the aetiology of infertility, especially male infertility. Various strategies have been designed to remove or decrease the production of ROS and RNS in spermatozoa, in particular during in vitro fertilization. However, in recent years it has been shown that spermatozoa naturally produce a variety of ROS/RNS, including superoxide anion radical (O2 (⋅-)), hydrogen peroxide and NO. These reactive species, in particular NO, are essential in regulating sperm capacitation and the acrosome reaction, two processes that need to be acquired by sperm in order to achieve fertilization potential. In addition, it has recently been shown that mitochondrial function is positively correlated with human sperm fertilization potential and quality and that NO and NO precursors increase sperm motility by increasing energy production in mitochondria. We will review the new link between sperm NO-driven redox regulation and infertility herein. A special emphasis will be placed on the potential implementation of new redox-active substances that modulate the content of NO in spermatozoa to increase fertility and promote conception.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Buzadzic
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research 'Sinisa Stankovic', University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Doshi SB, Khullar K, Sharma RK, Agarwal A. Role of reactive nitrogen species in male infertility. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2012; 10:109. [PMID: 23241221 PMCID: PMC3558381 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-10-109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive nitrogen species (RNS) is a subset of free oxygen radicals called reactive oxygen species (ROS). Physiological levels of ROS are necessary to maintain the reproductive functions such as cell signaling, tight junction regulation, production of hormones, capacitation, acrosomal reaction, sperm motility, and zona pellucida binding. However, an excess of RNS can adversely affect reproductive potential by causing testicular dysfunction, decreased gonadotropin secretion, and abnormal semen parameters. Because such levels of RNS have been demonstrated in males with fertility problems and routine semen analysis has not been able to accurately predict IVF outcomes, it is imperative that novel strategies be developed in order to both assess and treat oxidative stress. This article describes both physiological and pathological roles of this unique subset of ROS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sejal B Doshi
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Park HO, Bae J. Disturbed relaxin signaling pathway and testicular dysfunction in mouse offspring upon maternal exposure to simazine. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44856. [PMID: 22984576 PMCID: PMC3440368 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simazine is a triazine herbicide that is being widely applied worldwide and commonly detected in surface and groundwater. Despite its popular use in controlling weeds and algae, very limited information is available regarding its toxicity. In the present study, pregnant mice were orally exposed to low doses (0, 5, 50, or 500 µg/kg body weight per day) of simazine during gestation and lactation, during which no overt maternal toxic response was detected, and their offspring was assessed. Simazine-exposed male offspring showed decreased body, testicular, and epididymis weight, increased testicular apoptosis, and decreased sperm concentrations. Differentially-expressed genes in the testes of male offspring exposed to simazine were identified by DNA microarray, revealing 775 upregulated and 791 downregulated genes; among these, the relaxin-family peptide receptor 1 (Rxfp1), which is the receptor for relaxin hormone, was significantly downregulated. In addition, the expression of target genes in the relaxin pathway, including nitric oxide synthase 2 (Nos2) and Nos3, was significantly decreased in simazine-exposed F1 testes. Moreover, simazine inhibited NO release, and knockdown of Rxfp1 blocked the inhibitory action of simazine on NO production in testicular Leydig cells. Therefore, the present study provides a better understanding of the toxicities associated with the widely used herbicide simazine at environmentally relevant doses by demonstrating that maternal exposure interferes with the pleotropic relaxin-NO signaling pathway, impairing normal development and reproductive activity of male offspring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Oak Park
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Li J, Guo W, Li F, He J, Yu Q, Wu X, Li J, Mao X. HnRNPL as a key factor in spermatogenesis: Lesson from functional proteomic studies of azoospermia patients with sertoli cell only syndrome. J Proteomics 2012; 75:2879-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Revised: 12/26/2011] [Accepted: 12/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
16
|
Up regulation of nitric oxide synthase-nitric oxide system in the testis of rats undergoing autoimmune orchitis. Immunobiology 2012; 217:778-87. [PMID: 22672990 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2012.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Revised: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Male reproductive tract infection and inflammation are important aetiological factors of infertility. Experimental Autoimmune Orchitis (EAO) is a model of chronic inflammation useful to study mechanisms of inflammatory reactions leading to testicular impairment. EAO is characterised by interstitial cell infiltrate of lymphomonocytes, producers of pro-inflammatory cytokines involved in germ cell apoptosis. Nitric oxide (NO), a free radical promoting immune cell activation and apoptosis, is synthesised by conversion of l-arginine to l-citrulline catalysed by NO synthase (NOS). The NOS isoforms are: constitutively endothelial (e) and neuronal (n) NOS and inducible (i) NOS. OBJECTIVES Although the NO-NOS system was found to be up-regulated by pro-inflammatory mediators in immune and non immune testicular cells, data on its regulation in chronic inflammatory states is lacking. METHODS AND RESULTS EAO was induced in rats by active immunisation with spermatic antigens and adjuvants; control (C) rats were injected with adjuvants. Untreated normal (N) rats were also studied. We demonstrated that iNOS, eNOS and nNOS was mainly expressed by interstitial cells in N and C rats and that in EAO NOS was up-regulated and also expressed by tubular cells. Constitutive and inducible NOS content (Western blot) as well as NO production and activity increased in the testis of rats with EAO. iNOS content and activity were selectively up-regulated in the testis of rats with orchitis. Flow cytometric analysis of NOS isoforms in testicular macrophages (M) showed that the percentage of ED1(+)ED2(-) and ED1(+)ED2(+) M subsets, expressing constitutive and iNOS isoforms was significantly higher in EAO, but no change in the percentage of ED1(-)ED2(+) resident M was observed compared to C rats. M from EAO rats also released more NO than C and N rats. CONCLUSIONS In testis of rats with EAO, NO-NOS system was up-regulated and both testicular M and cells from seminiferous tubules contributed to NO increase. NO over production in orchitis was generated mainly by increased iNOS content and activity.
Collapse
|
17
|
Cavicchia JC, Fóscolo MR, Palmada N, Delgado SM, Sosa ZY. Involvement of the mesenteric ganglia on androstenedione, noradrenaline and nitrite release using a testis ex vivo system. Endocrine 2012; 41:266-73. [PMID: 22147392 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-011-9568-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The autonomic nerve fibres converge to the testis along two major pathways, the superior spermatic nerve (SSN) and the inferior spermatic nerve (ISN). The object of this work was to evaluate whether the addition of noradrenaline (NA) in the ganglionic compartment of two ex vivo systems: superior mesenteric ganglion (SMG)-SSN-testis, inferior mesenteric ganglion (IMG)-ISN-testis modulate androstenedione (A₂), NA and nitrite release and to determine whether there are secretory differences between the right and the left testis. Each gonad with its respective ganglion was transferred into a cuvette with two compartments and incubated in a Dubnoff metabolic shaker. The testis incubation liquids were collected and analysed for NA by HPLC, A₂ by RIA and nitrites by the Griess method. When NA is added to the IMG, A₂ and NA release diminishes and nitrite increases in the left testis, while in the right gonad, A₂ and NA increase and nitrite decreases. When NA was administered to the SMG, A₂ and NA increase and nitrite diminishes in the left gonad, but they show opposite fluctuations in the right testis. These ex vivo systems appear to be excellent models for studying the sympathetic ganglionic control of the testis though A₂, NA and nitrite release from the male gonad. It is evident that a better knowledge about the role of catecholamines and nitric oxide in the testis physiology may facilitate the understanding of some reproductive diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J C Cavicchia
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología (IHEM)-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Cuyo Medical School, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Post Box 56, 5500 Mendoza, Argentina.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Potential mechanisms of prospective antimigraine drugs: A focus on vascular (side) effects. Pharmacol Ther 2011; 129:332-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
19
|
Abstract
The current clinical guidelines for the management of infertility as presented by the American Urologic Association and European Association of Urology represent consensus opinions for the management of male-factor infertility. The goal of the present study is to define the currently available guidelines for male-factor infertility, provide a rationale for why guidelines should be implemented, and review concerns and shortcomings towards their incorporation into clinical practice. Successfully integrating guidelines into clinical practice offers the potential benefit of creating a standardized, efficient, and cost-effective algorithm for the evaluation of infertility and facilitates future research. Despite their availability and ease of use, many clinicians fail to adopt clinical guidelines for numerous reasons including decreased awareness of available guidelines, insufficient time, lack of interest, and personal financial considerations. The current guidelines are limited by the inability to generalize recommendations to a heterogeneous patient sample, the lack of interdisciplinary adoption of guidelines, and the need for additional emphasis on prevention and lifestyle modifications. Future direction for the current guidelines will likely incorporate a multidisciplinary approach with increasing utilization of genetic analysis and novel treatment strategies. As the field of infertility continues to expand, the utility of guidelines combined with physician clinical judgment will remain prominent in the treatment of male-factor infertility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Landon W. Trost
- Department of Urologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ajay Nehra
- Department of Urologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| |
Collapse
|