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Guglieri S, Hricovíni M, Raman R, Polito L, Torri G, Casu B, Sasisekharan R, Guerrini M. Minimum FGF2 Binding Structural Requirements of Heparin and Heparan Sulfate Oligosaccharides As Determined by NMR Spectroscopy. Biochemistry 2008; 47:13862-9. [DOI: 10.1021/bi801007p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Guglieri
- G. Ronzoni Institute for Chemical and Biochemical Research, Milan, Italy, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia, Department of Biological Engineering, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, and Department of Organic and Industrial Chemistry, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Miloš Hricovíni
- G. Ronzoni Institute for Chemical and Biochemical Research, Milan, Italy, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia, Department of Biological Engineering, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, and Department of Organic and Industrial Chemistry, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Rahul Raman
- G. Ronzoni Institute for Chemical and Biochemical Research, Milan, Italy, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia, Department of Biological Engineering, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, and Department of Organic and Industrial Chemistry, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Polito
- G. Ronzoni Institute for Chemical and Biochemical Research, Milan, Italy, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia, Department of Biological Engineering, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, and Department of Organic and Industrial Chemistry, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giangiacomo Torri
- G. Ronzoni Institute for Chemical and Biochemical Research, Milan, Italy, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia, Department of Biological Engineering, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, and Department of Organic and Industrial Chemistry, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Benito Casu
- G. Ronzoni Institute for Chemical and Biochemical Research, Milan, Italy, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia, Department of Biological Engineering, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, and Department of Organic and Industrial Chemistry, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Ram Sasisekharan
- G. Ronzoni Institute for Chemical and Biochemical Research, Milan, Italy, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia, Department of Biological Engineering, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, and Department of Organic and Industrial Chemistry, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Guerrini
- G. Ronzoni Institute for Chemical and Biochemical Research, Milan, Italy, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia, Department of Biological Engineering, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, and Department of Organic and Industrial Chemistry, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Sasisekharan R, Raman R, Prabhakar V. GLYCOMICS APPROACH TO STRUCTURE-FUNCTION RELATIONSHIPS OF GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2006; 8:181-231. [PMID: 16834555 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.bioeng.8.061505.095745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular modulation of phenotype is an emerging paradigm in this current postgenomics age of molecular and cell biology. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are primary components of the cell surface and the cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interface. Advances in the technology to analyze GAGs and in whole-organism genetics have led to a dramatic increase in the known important biological role of these complex polysaccharides. Owing to their ubiquitous distribution at the cell-ECM interface, GAGs interact with numerous proteins and modulate their activity, thus impinging on fundamental biological processes such as cell growth and development. Many recent reviews have captured important aspects of GAG structure and biosynthesis, GAG-protein interactions, and GAG biology. GAG research is currently at a stage where there is a need for an integrated systems or glycomics approach, which involves an integration of all of the above concepts to define their structure-function relationships. Focusing on heparin/heparan (HSGAGs) and chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CSGAGs), this review highlights the important aspects of GAGs and summarizes these aspects in the context of taking a glycomics approach that integrates the different technologies to define structure-function relationships of GAGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Sasisekharan
- Biological Engineering Division, Center for Biomedical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
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Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa forms diverse matrix-enclosed surface-associated multicellular assemblages (biofilms) that aid in its survival in a variety of environments. One such biofilm is the pellicle that forms at the air-liquid interface in standing cultures. We screened for transposon insertion mutants of P. aeruginosa PA14 that were unable to form pellicles. Analysis of these mutants led to the identification of seven adjacent genes, named pel genes, the products of which appear to be involved in the formation of the pellicle's extracellular matrix. In addition to being required for pellicle formation, the pel genes are also required for the formation of solid surface-associated biofilms. Sequence analyses predicted that three pel genes encode transmembrane proteins and that five pel genes have functional homologues involved in carbohydrate processing. Microscopic and macroscopic observations revealed that wild-type P. aeruginosa PA14 produces a cellulase-sensitive extracellular matrix able to bind Congo red; no extracellular matrix was produced by the pel mutants. A comparison of the carbohydrates produced by the wild-type strain and pel mutants suggested that glucose was a principal component of the matrix material. Together, these results suggest that the pel genes are responsible for the production of a glucose-rich matrix material required for the formation of biofilms by P. aeruginosa PA14.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Friedman
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Ernst S, Venkataraman G, Sasisekharan V, Langer R, Cooney CL, Sasisekharan R. Pyranose Ring Flexibility. Mapping of Physical Data for Iduronate in Continuous Conformational Space. J Am Chem Soc 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ja972185o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Ernst
- Contribution from the Department of Chemical Engineering, Harvard−MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, and Whitaker College of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Ganesh Venkataraman
- Contribution from the Department of Chemical Engineering, Harvard−MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, and Whitaker College of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - V. Sasisekharan
- Contribution from the Department of Chemical Engineering, Harvard−MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, and Whitaker College of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Robert Langer
- Contribution from the Department of Chemical Engineering, Harvard−MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, and Whitaker College of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Charles L. Cooney
- Contribution from the Department of Chemical Engineering, Harvard−MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, and Whitaker College of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Ram Sasisekharan
- Contribution from the Department of Chemical Engineering, Harvard−MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, and Whitaker College of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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Sly LI, Arunpairojana V, Dixon DR. Binding of Colloidal MnO
2
by Extracellular Polysaccharides of
Pedomicrobium manganicum. Appl Environ Microbiol 1990; 56:2791-4. [PMID: 16348286 PMCID: PMC184844 DOI: 10.1128/aem.56.9.2791-2794.1990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular acidic polysaccharides of the manganese-oxidizing bacterium
Pedomicrobium manganicum
were able to bind preformed colloidal MnO
2
. The capacity of the cells to bind MnO
2
was pH dependent. Enhanced binding capacity below pH 5 suggests that ionic bonding forces are involved in the binding mechanism and that there is a charge reversal on the acidic polysaccharides between pH 5 and 4 that is due to increased protonation of carboxyl groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- L I Sly
- Department of Microbiology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, and Division of Chemical Technology and Polymers, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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