1
|
Fay CJ, Awh KC, LeBoeuf NR, Larocca CA. Harnessing the immune system in the treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphomas. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1071171. [PMID: 36713518 PMCID: PMC9878398 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1071171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous T cell lymphomas are a rare subset of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas with predilection for the skin with immunosuppressive effects that drive morbidity and mortality. We are now appreciating that suppression of the immune system is an important step in the progression of disease. It should come as no surprise that therapies historically and currently being used to treat these cancers have immune modulating functions that impact disease outcomes. By understanding the immune effects of our therapies, we may better develop new agents that target the immune system and improve combinatorial treatment strategies to limit morbidity and mortality of these cancers. The immune modulating effect of therapeutic drugs in use and under development for cutaneous T cell lymphomas will be reviewed.
Collapse
|
2
|
Izadpanah MR, Salehzadeh A, Zaefizadeh M, Nikpasand M. Functionalisation of Fe 3O 4 nanoparticles by 2-((pyrazol-4-yl) methylene) hydrazinecarbothioamide enhances the apoptosis of human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. IET Nanobiotechnol 2020; 14:508-518. [PMID: 32755961 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2019.0199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major cause of death. Thus, the incidence and mortality rate of cancer is globally important. Regarding vast problems caused by chemotherapy drugs, efforts have progressed to find new anti-cancer drugs. Pyrazole derivatives are known as components with anti-cancer properties. In here, Fe3O4 nanoparticles were first functionalized with (3-chloropropyl) trimethoxysilane, then 2-((pyrazol-4-yl) methylene) hydrazinecarbothioamide (P) was anchored on the surface of magnetic nanoparticles (PL). The synthesized nano-compounds were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Zeta potential, dynamic light scattering, and energy-dispersive x-ray spectrometry analyses. The cytotoxicity effect was evaluated using MTT assay, apoptosis test by Flow cytometry, cell cycle analysis, Caspase-3 activity assay and Hoechst staining on MCF-7 cell line. The high toxicity for tumor cells and low toxicity on normal cells (MCF10A) was considered as an important feature (selectivity index, 10.9). Based on results, the IC50 for P and PL compounds were 157.80 and 131.84 μM/ml respectively. Moreover, apoptosis inducing, nuclear fragmentation, Caspase 3 activity and induction of cell rest in sub-G1 and S phases, were also observed. The inhibitory effect of PL was significantly higher than P, which could be due to the high penetrability of Fe3O4 nanoparticles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Salehzadeh
- Department of Biology, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Zaefizadeh
- Department of Biology, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nikpasand
- Department of Chemistry, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Maximchik PV, Tamarov K, Sheval EV, Tolstik E, Kirchberger-Tolstik T, Yang Z, Sivakov V, Zhivotovsky B, Osminkina LA. Biodegradable Porous Silicon Nanocontainers as an Effective Drug Carrier for Regulation of the Tumor Cell Death Pathways. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:6063-6071. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Polina V. Maximchik
- Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin Tamarov
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Eugene V. Sheval
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Elen Tolstik
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert Einstein Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Str. 11, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Tatiana Kirchberger-Tolstik
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert Einstein Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Jena University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine IV, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Disease, Am Klinikum, 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Zhang Yang
- Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
- College of Science, Sichuan Agriculture University, Yaan, Sichuan 625014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Vladimir Sivakov
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert Einstein Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Boris Zhivotovsky
- Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Toxicology, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Liubov A. Osminkina
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
- Institute for Biological Instrumentation of Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lin YC, Su JH, Lin SC, Chang CC, Hsia TC, Tung YT, Lin CC. A Soft Coral-Derived Compound, 11-Dehydrosinulariolide, Induces G2/M Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Small Cell Lung Cancer. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16120479. [PMID: 30513611 PMCID: PMC6315988 DOI: 10.3390/md16120479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
11-Dehydrosinulariolide, an active compound that is isolated from the cultured soft coral Sinularia flexibilis, has been suggested to show anti-tumor biological characteristics according to previous studies. However, its potential effect on small cell lung cancer (SCLC) remains unknown. The present study investigates the underlying mechanism for the treatment of SCLC in vitro and in vivo. Cell viability was examined using the methyl-thiazol-diphenyl-tetrazolium (MTT) assay. Flow cytometry was applied to evaluate cell cycle distribution and apoptosis. The expression of proteins related to the cell cycle and apoptosis was analyzed by Western blot analysis. Additionally, an in vivo study was performed to determine the anti-SCLC effect on an H1688 subcutaneous tumor in a BALB/c nude mouse model. 11-Dehydrosinulariolide inhibited cell growth, triggered G2/M arrest and induced H1688 cell apoptosis in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Additionally, 11-dehydrosinulariolide caused the accumulation of p53 and Bax, accompanied by the activation of DNA damage-inducing kinases, including ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and checkpoint kinase 2 (CHK2). Moreover, 11-dehydrosinulariolide increased the activity of caspase-3 and -7, suggesting that caspases are involved in 11-dehydrosinulariolide-induced apoptosis. 11-Dehydrosinulariolide also increased the level of tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and inhibited the expression of phosphorylated Akt. In the in vivo study, the intraperitoneal injection of 11-dehydrosinulariolide at a dosage of 10 mg/kg significantly inhibited tumor growth compared with the control treatment. Together, the data indicate that 11-dehydrosinulariolide induces G (2)/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through various cellular processes, including the upregulation of p53 and Bax, activation of ATM and Chk2, activation of caspase-3 and -7, and accumulation of PTEN, leading to inhibition of the Akt pathway. These findings suggest that 11-dehydrosinulariolide might serve as a promising chemotherapy drug in the treatment of SCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chao Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Jui-Hsin Su
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung 944, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Chao Lin
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA.
| | - Chia-Che Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
| | - Te-Chun Hsia
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Tang Tung
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Chien Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Therapeutic targets in the selective killing of cancer cells by nanomaterials. Clin Chim Acta 2017; 469:53-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
6
|
Arasakumar T, Mathusalini S, Gopalan S, Shyamsivappan S, Ata A, Mohan PS. Biologically active perspective synthesis of heteroannulated 8-nitroquinolines with green chemistry approach. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:1538-1546. [PMID: 28262524 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A new class of pyrazolo[4,3-c]quinoline (5a-i, 7a-b) and pyrano[3,2-c]quinoline (9a-i) derivatives were designed and synthesized in moderate to good yields by microwave conditions. To enhance the yield of pyrano[3,2-c]quinoline derivatives, multicomponent one-pot synthesis has been developed. The synthesized compounds were identified by spectral and elemental analyses. Compounds 9a and 9i showed good antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. All of the new compounds exhibited weak to moderate antioxidant activity, compound 9d exerted significant antioxidant power. The cytotoxicity of these compounds were also evaluated against MCF-7 (breast) and A549 (Lung) cancer cell lines. Most of the compounds displayed moderate to good cytotoxic activity against these cell lines. Compound 9i was found to be significantly active in this assay and also induced cell death by apoptosis. Molecular docking studies were carried out using EGFR inhibitor in order to determine the molecular interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thangaraj Arasakumar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Chemistry, Richardson College for the Environmental Science Complex, The University of Winnipeg, 599 Portage Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3B 2G3, Canada
| | - Sadasivam Mathusalini
- School of Chemical Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Subashini Gopalan
- School of Chemical Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Selvaraj Shyamsivappan
- School of Chemical Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Athar Ata
- Department of Chemistry, Richardson College for the Environmental Science Complex, The University of Winnipeg, 599 Portage Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3B 2G3, Canada.
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Design, synthesis and preliminary biological studies of pyrrolidine derivatives as Mcl-1 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:7685-93. [PMID: 26620718 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Anti-apoptotic proteins, such as B-cell lymphoma (Bcl-2) protein, myeloid cell leukemia sequence 1 (Mcl-1) protein, are potential targets for cancer treatment. In the studies, a series of pyrrolidine derivatives were developed as potent Mcl-1 inhibitors. The preliminary biological studies suggested that most of target compounds exhibit good abilities for targeting Mcl-1 protein. Among them, compound 21 (Ki=0.53μM) exhibited equal inhibitory activities towards Mcl-1 protein compared to positive control gossypol (Ki=0.39μM). This compound also possessed good antiproliferative activities against MDA-MB-231 and PC-3 cancer cells.
Collapse
|
8
|
Reddy TS, Kulhari H, Reddy VG, Bansal V, Kamal A, Shukla R. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 1,3-diphenyl-1 H -pyrazole derivatives containing benzimidazole skeleton as potential anticancer and apoptosis inducing agents. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 101:790-805. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
9
|
Hsia TC, Yu CC, Hsu SC, Tang NY, Lu HF, Yu CS, Wu SH, Lin JG, Chung JG. cDNA microarray analysis of the effect of cantharidin on DNA damage, cell cycle and apoptosis-associated gene expression in NCI-H460 human lung cancer cells in vitro. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:1030-42. [PMID: 25815777 PMCID: PMC4438957 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cantharidin (CTD) induces cytotoxic effects in different types of human cancer cell; however, to date, there have been no studies on the effects of CTD on gene expression in human lung cancer cells and the potential associated signaling pathways. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate how CTD affects the expression of key genes and functional pathways of human H460 lung cancer cells using complementary DNA microarray analysis. Human H460 lung cancer cells were cultured for 24 h in the presence or absence of 10 µM CTD; gene expression was then examined using microarray analysis. The results indicated that 8 genes were upregulated > 4-fold, 29 genes were upregulated >3-4-fold and 156 genes were upregulated >2-3-fold. In addition, 1 gene was downregulated >4 fold, 14 genes were downregulated >3-4-fold and 150 genes were downregulated >2-3 fold in H460 cells following exposure to CTD. It was found that CTD affected DNA damage genes, including DNIT3 and GADD45A, which were upregulated 2.26- and 2.60-fold, respectively, as well as DdiT4, which was downregulated 3.14-fold. In addition, the expression of genes associated with the cell cycle progression were altered, including CCND2, CDKL3 and RASA4, which were upregulated 2.72-, 2.19- and 2.72-fold, respectively; however, CDC42EP3 was downregulated 2.16-fold. Furthermore, apoptosis-associated genes were differentially expressed, including CARD6, which was upregulated 3.54-fold. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that CTD affected the expression of genes associated with DNA damage, cell cycle progression and apoptotic cell death in human lung cancer H460 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Te-Chun Hsia
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chien-Chih Yu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shu-Chun Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Nou-Ying Tang
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsu-Feng Lu
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei 11220, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chun-Shu Yu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shin-Hwar Wu
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50006, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jaung-Geng Lin
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Das S, Yeung KT, Mahajan MA, Samuels HH. Fas Activated Serine-Threonine Kinase Domains 2 (FASTKD2) mediates apoptosis of breast and prostate cancer cells through its novel FAST2 domain. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:852. [PMID: 25409762 PMCID: PMC4256816 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Expression of NRIF3 (Nuclear Receptor Interacting Factor-3) rapidly and selectively leads to apoptosis of breast cancer cells. This occurs through binding of NRIF3 or its 30 amino acid Death Domain-1 (DD1) region to the transcriptional repressor, DIF-1 (DD1 Interacting Factor-1). DIF-1 acts in a wide variety of breast cancer cells but not other cell types to repress the pro-apoptotic gene, FASTKD2. Expression of NRIF3 or DD1 inactivates the DIF-1 repressor leading to rapid derepression of FASTKD2, which initiates apoptosis within 5–8 h of expression. Although FASTKD2 is an inner mitochondrial membrane protein, it does not require mitochondrial localization to initiate apoptosis. Methods Androgen dependent LNCaP cells as well as two androgen independent LNCaP cell lines (LNCaP-AI and LNCaP-abl) were studied and LNCaP-AI cells were engineered to conditionally express DD1 or the inactive DD1-S28A with 4-hydroxytamoxifen. Apoptosis was assessed by TUNEL assay. FASTKD2 is related to 4 other proteins encoded in the human genome (FASTKD1, 3, 4, 5). All contain a poorly conserved putative bipartite kinase domain designated as FAST1_FAST2. We examined whether expression of any of the other FASTKD isoforms leads to apoptosis and sought to identify the region of FASTKD2 necessary to initiate the apoptotic pathway. Results Of the FASTKD1-5 isoforms only expression of FASTKD2 leads to apoptosis. Although, the NRIF3/DD1/DIF-1 pathway does not mediate apoptosis of a wide variety of non-breast cancer cell lines, because of certain similarities and gene signatures between breast and prostate cancer we explored whether the NRIF3/DD1/DIF-1/FASTKD2 pathway mediates apoptosis of prostate cancer cells. We found that the pathway leads to apoptosis in LNCaP cells, including the two androgen-independent LNCaP cell lines that are generally resistant to apoptosis. Lastly, we identified that FASTKD2-mediated apoptosis is initiated by the 81 amino acid FAST2 region. Conclusions The NRIF3/DIF-1/FASTKD2 pathway acts as a “death switch” in breast and prostate cancer cells. Deciphering how this pathway is regulated and how FASTKD2 initiates the apoptotic response will allow for the development of therapeutic agents for the treatment of androgen-independent prostate cancer or Tamoxifen-unresponsive Estrogen Receptor negative tumors as well as metastatic breast or prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Herbert H Samuels
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, PHL 814, New York University School of Medicine, 455 First Ave,, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Song HY, Deng XH, Yuan GY, Hou XF, Zhu ZD, Zhou L, Ren MX. Expression of bcl-2 and p53 in induction of esophageal cancer cell apoptosis by ECRG2 in combination with cisplatin. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:1397-401. [PMID: 24606472 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.3.1397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the mechanisms of induction of apoptosis of esophageal cancer cells by esophageal cancer-related gene 2 (ECRG2) in combination with cisplatin (DDP). METHODS Hoechest staining was performed to analyze the effects of single ECRG2 and ECRG2 in combination with DDP on apoptosis of EC9706 cells. The expression levels of p53 and bcl-2 mRNA and protein were determined by RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. RESULTS The number of apoptotic cells after the treatment with ECRG2 in combination with DDP for 24 hours was more than that after the treatment with single ECRG2. RT-PCR and Western blotting showed that the expression levels of bcl-2 mRNA and protein were both down-regulated, while p53 mRNA and protein were both up-regulated in the cells treated with ECRG2 in combination with DDP compared with those given ECRG2 alone. CONCLUSION ECRG2 in combination with DDP can enhance the apoptosis of EC9706 cells, possibly by down-regulating bcl-2 expression and up-regulating p53.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yan Song
- College of Basic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University; Key Laboratory for Medical Tissue Regeneration of Henan Province, Xinxiang, China E-mail :
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Song HY, Deng XH, Hou XF, Yuan GY, Zhu ZD, Ren MX. Effect of ECRG2 in combination with cisplatin on the proliferation and apoptosis of EC9706 cells. Exp Ther Med 2014; 8:1484-1488. [PMID: 25289046 PMCID: PMC4186322 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.1972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to explore the effect of esophageal cancer-related gene 2 (ECRG2) protein in combination with cisplatin (DDP) on the proliferation and apoptosis of esophageal cancer cells. A 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to examine the effects of ECRG2 alone and ECRG2 in combination with DDP on the proliferation of EC9706 esophageal cancer cells. Hoechst 33258 staining was performed to analyze the effects of ECRG2 alone and ECRG2 in combination with DDP on apoptosis in the EC9706 cells. The expression levels of Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) mRNA and protein were determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot analysis, respectively. The results from the MTT assay revealed that ECRG2 inhibited the proliferation of EC9706 cells and that ECRG2 in combination with DDP had a greater inhibitory effect on cell proliferation. The antiproliferative effects were time- and concentration-dependent, within a certain range of concentrations. The Hoechst 33258 staining results demonstrated that the number of apoptotic cells following treatment with ECRG2 in combination with DDP for 24 h was higher than that following treatment with ECRG2 alone for the same duration. Western blot analysis and RT-PCR results revealed that the expression levels of Bax mRNA and protein were upregulated in cells treated with ECRG2 in combination with DDP compared with those in cells treated with ECRG2 alone. Thus, ECRG2 in combination with DDP had an enhanced inhibitory effect on EC9706 cell proliferation compared with that of ECRG2 alone, and an increased inductive effect on EC9706 cell apoptosis, possibly due to the upregulation of the expression of Bax.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yan Song
- Key Laboratory for Medical Tissue Regeneration of Henan Province, College of Basic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Hui Deng
- Key Laboratory for Medical Tissue Regeneration of Henan Province, College of Basic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Fang Hou
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Yan Yuan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, Henan 453000, P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Dong Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Medical Tissue Regeneration of Henan Province, College of Basic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Xin Ren
- Key Laboratory for Medical Tissue Regeneration of Henan Province, College of Basic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
SHAO DAN, KAN MUJIE, QIAO PING, PAN YUE, WANG ZHENG, XIAO XUANANG, LI JING, CHEN LI. Celecoxib induces apoptosis via a mitochondria-dependent pathway in the H22 mouse hepatoma cell line. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:2093-8. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
14
|
Chang M. Tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2014; 20:256-67. [PMID: 24130921 PMCID: PMC3794521 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2012.20.3.256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2012] [Revised: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tamoxifen is a central component of the treatment of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer as a partial agonist of ER. It has been clinically used for the last 30 years and is currently available as a chemopreventive agent in women with high risk for breast cancer. The most challenging issue with tamoxifen use is the development of resistance in an initially responsive breast tumor. This review summarizes the roles of ER as the therapeutic target of tamoxifen in cancer treatment, clinical values and issues of tamoxifen use, and molecular mechanisms of tamoxifen resistance. Emerging knowledge on the molecular mechanisms of tamoxifen resistance will provide insight into the design of regimens to overcome tamoxifen resistance and discovery of novel therapeutic agents with a decreased chance of developing resistance as well as establishing more efficient treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minsun Chang
- Department of Medical and Pharmaceutical Science, College of Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 140-742, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Nero TL, Morton CJ, Holien JK, Wielens J, Parker MW. Oncogenic protein interfaces: small molecules, big challenges. Nat Rev Cancer 2014; 14:248-62. [PMID: 24622521 DOI: 10.1038/nrc3690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Historically, targeting protein-protein interactions with small molecules was not thought possible because the corresponding interfaces were considered mostly flat and featureless and therefore 'undruggable'. Instead, such interactions were targeted with larger molecules, such as peptides and antibodies. However, the past decade has seen encouraging breakthroughs through the refinement of existing techniques and the development of new ones, together with the identification and exploitation of unexpected aspects of protein-protein interaction surfaces. In this Review, we describe some of the latest techniques to discover modulators of protein-protein interactions and how current drug discovery approaches have been adapted to successfully target these interfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tracy L Nero
- Australian Cancer Research Foundation Rational Drug Discovery Centre and Biota Structural Biology Laboratory, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, 9 Princes Street, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Craig J Morton
- Australian Cancer Research Foundation Rational Drug Discovery Centre and Biota Structural Biology Laboratory, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, 9 Princes Street, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Jessica K Holien
- Australian Cancer Research Foundation Rational Drug Discovery Centre and Biota Structural Biology Laboratory, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, 9 Princes Street, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Jerome Wielens
- 1] Australian Cancer Research Foundation Rational Drug Discovery Centre and Biota Structural Biology Laboratory, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, 9 Princes Street, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia. [2] Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, 41 Victoria Parade, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Michael W Parker
- 1] Australian Cancer Research Foundation Rational Drug Discovery Centre and Biota Structural Biology Laboratory, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, 9 Princes Street, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia. [2] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Initial studies on mechanism of action and cell death of active N-oxide-containing heterocycles in Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes in vitro. Parasitology 2014; 141:682-96. [PMID: 24476762 DOI: 10.1017/s003118201300200x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Chagas disease, endemic in 21 countries across Latin America, kills more people in the region each year than any other parasite-borne disease. Therapeutic options have problems ranging from toxicity, poor efficacy, drug resistance and high cost. Thus, cheaper and less toxic treatments are necessary. From our in-house chemical library of agents against Trypanosoma cruzi the most relevant N-oxide-containing heterocycles were selected for mode of action and type of death studies. Also included in these studies were two active nitrofuranes. Epimastigotes of T. cruzi were used as the biological model in this study. The metabolic profile was studied by 1H NMR in association with the MTT assay. Excreted catabolites data, using 1H NMR spectroscopy, showed that most of the studied N-oxides were capable of decreasing both the release of succinate and acetate shedding, the compounds therefore possibly acting on mitochondria. Only quinoxalines and the nitrofurane Nf1 showed significant mitochondrial dehydrogenase inhibitions, but with different dose-time profiles. In the particular case of quinoxaline Qx2 the glucose uptake study revealed that the integrity of some pathways into the glycosome could be affected. Optic, fluorescence (TUNEL and propidium iodide) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were employed for type of death studies. These studies were complemented with 1H NMR to visualize mobile lipids. At low concentrations none of the selected compounds showed a positive TUNEL assay. However, both quinoxalines, one furoxan and one benzofuroxan showed a necrotic effect at high concentrations. Curiously, one furoxan, Fx1, one benzofuroxan, Bfx1, and one nitrofurane, Nf1, caused a particular phenotype, with a big cytoplasmatic vacuole being observed while the parasite was still alive. Studies of TEM and employing a protease inhibitor (3-methyladenine) suggested an autophagic phenotype for Bfx1 and Nf1 and a 'BigEye' phenotype for Fx1.
Collapse
|
17
|
Silva I, R. Teixeir M, L. Lang K, R. Guimara TD, E. Dudek S, J. Duran F, Ludwig S, S.B. Caro M, P. Schenke E, M.O. Simoe C. Proliferative Inhibition and Apoptotic Mechanism on Human Non-small-cell
Lung Cancer (A549 Cells) of a Novel Cucurbitacin from Wilbrandia ebracteata
Cogn. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.3923/ijcr.2013.54.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
18
|
Yi P, Xia W, Wu RC, Lonard DM, Hung MC, O'Malley BW. SRC-3 coactivator regulates cell resistance to cytotoxic stress via TRAF4-mediated p53 destabilization. Genes Dev 2013; 27:274-87. [PMID: 23388826 DOI: 10.1101/gad.203760.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Steroid receptor coactivator 3 (SRC-3) is an oncogenic nuclear receptor coactivator that plays a significant role in drug resistance. Using a lentiviral cDNA library rescue screening approach, we identified a SRC-3 downstream gene-TRAF4 (tumor necrosis factor [TNF] receptor associated-factor 4)-that functions in cell resistance to cytotoxic stress. TRAF4 expression is positively correlated with SRC-3 expression in human breast cancers. Similar to that observed for SRC-3 overexpression, breast cancer cells overexpressing TRAF4 are more resistant to stress-induced death. Here, we further dissected the underlying molecular mechanism for SRC-3 and TRAF4-mediated resistance to cytotoxic agents. We observed that SRC-3 expression is inversely correlated with the expression of p53-regulated proapoptotic genes in breast cancers and further found that SRC-3 and TRAF4 overexpression diminished cytotoxic stress-induced up-regulation of the tumor suppressor p53 protein. To determine the mechanism, we showed that the TRAF domain of TRAF4 bound to the N-terminal TRAF-like region of the deubiquitinase HAUSP (herpesvirus-associated ubiquitin-specific protease; also named USP7) and blocked the access of p53 to the same region of HAUSP. This TRAF4-mediated inhibition of HAUSP then led to the loss of p53 deubiquitination and its stabilization in response to cellular stress. Consistent with this cellular function, we also found that TRAF4 overexpression in breast cancer patients was associated significantly with poor prognosis. Because of SRC-3's ability to abrogate p53 function, our results suggest that SRC-3 overexpression may be especially important in tumors in which p53 is not mutated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chan KM, Hamzah R, Rahaman AA, Jong VYM, Khong HY, Rajab NF, Ee GCL, Inayat-Hussain SH. The pyranoxanthone inophyllin A induces oxidative stress mediated-apoptosis in Jurkat T lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:2916-22. [PMID: 22613213 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Revised: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Inophyllin A (INO-A), a pyranoxanthone isolated from the roots of Calophyllum inophyllum represents a new xanthone with potential chemotherapeutic activity. In this study, the molecular mechanism of INO-A-induced cell death was investigated in Jurkat T lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Assessment of phosphatidylserine exposure confirmed apoptosis as the primary mode of cell death in INO-A-treated Jurkat cells. INO-A treatment for only 30 min resulted in a significant increase of tail moment which suggests that DNA damage is an early apoptotic signal. Further flow cytometric assessment of the superoxide anion level confirmed that INO-A induced DNA damage was mediated with a concomitant generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Investigation on the thiols revealed an early decrease of free thiols in 30 min after 50 μM INO-A treatment. Using tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester, a potentiometric dye, the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MPP) was observed in INO-A-treated cells as early as 30 min. The INO-A-induced apoptosis progressed with the simultaneous activation of caspases-2 and -9 which then led to the processing of caspase-3. Taken together, these data demonstrate that INO-A induced early oxidative stress, DNA damage and loss of MMP which subsequently led to the activation of an intrinsic pathway of apoptosis in Jurkat cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kok Meng Chan
- Toxicology Laboratory, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Bacalini MG, Tavolaro S, Peragine N, Marinelli M, Santangelo S, Del Giudice I, Mauro FR, Di Maio V, Ricciardi MR, Caiafa P, Chiaretti S, Foà R, Guarini A, Reale A. A subset of chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients display reduced levels of PARP1 expression coupled with a defective irradiation-induced apoptosis. Exp Hematol 2012; 40:197-206.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2011.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Revised: 10/25/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
|
21
|
Mondal S, Roy S, Maity R, Mallick A, Sangwan R, Misra-Bhattacharya S, Mandal C. Withanolide D, carrying the baton of Indian rasayana herb as a lead candidate of antileukemic agent in modern medicine. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 749:295-312. [PMID: 22695853 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-3381-1_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susmita Mondal
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Diseases, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Giansanti V, Tillhon M, Mazzini G, Prosperi E, Lombardi P, Scovassi AI. Killing of tumor cells: A drama in two acts. Biochem Pharmacol 2011; 82:1304-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Revised: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
23
|
Chen J, Jin S, Abraham V, Huang X, Liu B, Mitten MJ, Nimmer P, Lin X, Smith M, Shen Y, Shoemaker AR, Tahir SK, Zhang H, Ackler SL, Rosenberg SH, Maecker H, Sampath D, Leverson JD, Tse C, Elmore SW. The Bcl-2/Bcl-XL/Bcl-w Inhibitor, Navitoclax, Enhances the Activity of Chemotherapeutic Agents In Vitro and In Vivo. Mol Cancer Ther 2011; 10:2340-9. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-11-0415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
24
|
Natural resistance to apoptosis correlates with resistance to chemotherapy in colorectal cancer cells. Clin Exp Med 2011; 12:97-103. [DOI: 10.1007/s10238-011-0146-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
25
|
A bifunctional allosteric site in the dimer interface of procaspase-3. Biophys Chem 2011; 159:100-9. [PMID: 21645959 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2011.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Revised: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The dimer interface of caspase-3 contains a bifunctional allosteric site in which the enzyme can be activated or inactivated, depending on the context of the protein. In the mature caspase-3, the binding of allosteric inhibitors to the interface results in an order-to-disorder transition in the active site loops. In procaspase-3, by contrast, the binding of allosteric activators to the interface results in a disorder-to-order transition in the active site. We have utilized the allosteric site to identify a small molecule activator of procaspase and to characterize its binding to the protease. The data suggest that an efficient activator must stabilize the active conformer of the zymogen by expelling the intersubunit linker from the interface, and it must interact with active site residues found in the allosteric site. Small molecule activators that fulfill the two requirements should provide scaffolds for drug candidates as a therapeutic strategy for directly promoting procaspase-3 activation in cancer cells.
Collapse
|
26
|
Jendrossek V. Targeting apoptosis pathways by Celecoxib in cancer. Cancer Lett 2011; 332:313-24. [PMID: 21345578 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2011.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2010] [Revised: 12/23/2010] [Accepted: 01/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Celecoxib is a paradigmatic selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). This anti-inflammatory drug has potent anti-tumor activity in a wide variety of human epithelial tumor types, such as colorectal, breast, non-small cell lung, and prostate cancers. Up to now, the drug found application in cancer prevention in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis. Moreover, the use of Celecoxib is currently tested in the prevention and treatment of pancreatic, breast, ovarian, non-small cell lung cancer and other advanced human epithelial cancers. Induction of apoptosis contributes to the anti-neoplastic activity of Celecoxib. In most cellular systems Celecoxib induces apoptosis independently from its COX-2 inhibitory action via a mitochondrial apoptosis pathway which is however, not inhibited by overexpression of Bcl-2. In addition, Celecoxib exerts antagonistic effects on the anti-apoptotic proteins Mcl-1 and survivin. Consequently, the use of Celecoxib may be of specific value for the treatment of apoptosis-resistant tumors with overexpression of Bcl-2, Mcl-1, or survivin as single drug or in combination with radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or targeted pro-apoptotic drugs that are inhibited by survivin, Bcl-2 or Mcl-1. As COX-2 inhibition has been associated with cardiovascular toxicity, the value of drug derivatives without COX-2 inhibitory action should be validated for prevention and treatment of human epithelial tumors to reduce the risk for heart attack or stroke. However, its additional COX-2 inhibitory action may qualify Celecoxib for a cautious use in COX-2-dependent epithelial tumors, where the drug could additionally suppress COX-2-mediated growth and survival promoting signals from the tumor and the stromal cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verena Jendrossek
- Institute for Cell Biology (Cancer Research), Department of Molecular Cell Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen Medical School, Virchowstrasse 173, 45122 Essen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
Autophagy is a self-catabolic process that maintains intracellular homeostasis and prolongs cell survival under stress via lysosomal degradation of cytoplasmic constituents and recycling of amino acids and energy. Autophagy is intricately involved in many aspects of human health and disease, including cancer. Autophagy is a double-edged sword in tumorigenesis, acting both as a tumor suppressor and a protector of cancer cell survival, and elucidation of its exact role at different stages of cancer progression and in treatment responsiveness is a complex and challenging task. Better understanding of autophagy regulation and its impact on treatment outcome will potentially allow us to identify novel therapeutic targets in cancer. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the regulation and dual function of autophagy in tumorigenesis, as well as ongoing efforts in modulating autophagy for cancer treatment and prevention. This is a very exciting and highly promising area of cancer research, as pharmacologic modulation of autophagy appears to augment the efficacy of currently available anticancer regimens and opens the way to the development of new combinatorial therapeutic strategies that will hopefully contribute to cancer eradication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Chen
- University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Li Y, He K, Huang Y, Zheng D, Gao C, Cui L, Jin YH. Betulin induces mitochondrial cytochrome c release associated apoptosis in human cancer cells. Mol Carcinog 2010; 49:630-40. [PMID: 20564340 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We examined whether betulin, a naturally abundant compound, has anticancer functions in human cancer cells. The results showed that betulin significantly inhibited cell viability in cervix carcinoma HeLa cells, hepatoma HepG2 cells, lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells, and breast cancer MCF-7 cells with IC(50) values ranging from 10 to 15 microg/mL. While betulin exhibited only moderate anticancer activity in other human cancer cells such as hepatoma SK-HEP-1 cells, prostate carcinoma PC-3, and lung carcinoma NCI-H460, with IC(50) values ranging from 20 to 60 microg/mL, it showed minor growth inhibition in human erythroleukemia K562 cells (IC(50) > 100 microg/mL). We further investigated the mechanism of anticancer activity by betulin, using HeLa cells as an experimental model. Betulin (10 microg/mL) induces apoptotic cell death, as evidenced by morphological characteristics such as membrane phosphatidylserine translocation, nuclear condensation/fragmentation, and apoptotic body formation. A kinetics analysis showed that the depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential and the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c occurred as early as 30 min after treatment with betulin. Betulin, unlike its chemical derivative betulinic acid, did not directly trigger mitochondrial cytochrome c release in isolated mitochondria. Importantly, Bax and Bak were rapidly translocated to the mitochondria 30 min after betulin treatment. The sequential activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3/-7 and the cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) were observed behind those mitochondrial events. Furthermore, specific downregulation of either caspase-9, Bax, or Bak by siRNA effectively reduced PARP cleavage and caspase-3 activation. Taken together, the lines of evidence demonstrate that betulin triggers apoptosis of human cancer cells through the intrinsic apoptotic pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology, Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Moore CD, Wu H, Bolaños B, Bergqvist S, Brooun A, Pauly T, Nowlin D. Structural and Biophysical Characterization of XIAP BIR3 G306E Mutant: Insights in Protein Dynamics and Application for Fragment-Based Drug Design. Chem Biol Drug Des 2009; 74:212-23. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2009.00862.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
30
|
Dieterle A, Orth R, Daubrawa M, Grotemeier A, Alers S, Ullrich S, Lammers R, Wesselborg S, Stork B. The Akt inhibitor triciribine sensitizes prostate carcinoma cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Int J Cancer 2009; 125:932-41. [PMID: 19422047 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.24374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant PI3K/Akt signaling has been implicated in many human cancers, including prostate carcinomas. Currently different therapeutic strategies target the inhibition of this survival pathway. The nucleoside analog triciribine (TCN), which was initially described as a DNA synthesis inhibitor, has recently been shown to function as an inhibitor of Akt. Here, we demonstrate that TCN inhibits Akt phosphorylation at Thr308 and Ser473 and Akt activity in the human prostate cancer cell line PC-3. In addition, TCN sensitized PC-3 cells to TRAIL- and anti-CD95-induced apoptosis, whereas the cells remained resistant to DNA damaging chemotherapeutics. The observed sensitization essentially depended on the phosphorylation status of Akt. Thus, prostate cancer cell lines displaying constitutively active Akt, e.g. PC-3 or LNCaP, were sensitized to death receptor-induced apoptosis. Most importantly with respect to therapeutic application, derivatives of both TCN and TRAIL are already tested in current clinical trials. Therefore, this combinatorial treatment might open a promising therapeutic approach for the elimination of hormone-refractory prostate cancers, which are largely resistant to conventional DNA damaging anticancer drugs or irradiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Dieterle
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Costantino E, Maddalena F, Calise S, Piscazzi A, Tirino V, Fersini A, Ambrosi A, Neri V, Esposito F, Landriscina M. TRAP1, a novel mitochondrial chaperone responsible for multi-drug resistance and protection from apoptotis in human colorectal carcinoma cells. Cancer Lett 2009; 279:39-46. [PMID: 19217207 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2009.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2008] [Revised: 01/10/2009] [Accepted: 01/13/2009] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
TRAP1 is a component of a pro-survival mitochondrial pathway up-regulated in tumor cells. The evaluation of TRAP1 expression in 26 human colorectal carcinomas showed up-regulation in 17/26 tumors. Accordingly, TRAP1 levels were increased in HT-29 colorectal carcinoma cells resistant to 5-fluorouracil, oxaliplatin and irinotecan. Thus, we investigated the role of TRAP1 in multi-drug resistance in human colorectal cancer. Interestingly, TRAP1 overexpression leads to 5-fluorouracil-, oxaliplatin- and irinotecan-resistant phenotypes in different neoplastic cells. Conversely, the inhibition of TRAP1 activity by TRAP1 ATPase antagonist, shepherdin, increased the sensitivity to oxaliplatin and irinotecan in colorectal carcinoma cells resistant to the single agents. These results suggest that the increased expression of TRAP1 could be part of a pro-survival pathway responsible for multi-drug resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Costantino
- Clinical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Foggia, Viale Pinto 1, 71100 Foggia, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|