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Kashyap N, Runu R, Ahmed W, Kumar I, Subash A. A Retrospective Cohort Analysis of Limb Salvage Surgery Using Mega Prosthesis in Bone Tumours at a Tertiary Care Centre in Eastern India. Cureus 2022; 14:e28959. [PMID: 36237791 PMCID: PMC9547749 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.28959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The method known as "limb salvage surgery" (LSS) aids in the removal of extremity tumours, and reconstruction is completed with satisfactory oncologic, functional, and cosmetic outcomes. Oncologic clearance is given first priority, followed by functional outcomes. Worldwide, the trend has already shifted away from amputations and toward limb salvage surgery for eligible patients due to efficient chemotherapy regimens, improved imaging techniques, precise administration of enhanced radiation, better reconstructive choices, and developments in bio-engineering. The purpose of the present study was to determine the clinicopathological characteristics, surgical techniques, functional outcome, and prognostic factors of limb salvage surgery performed using mega prosthesis in primary malignant or benign resectable tumours. Methods Our retrospective cohort study was carried out over a period of two years and included 28 patients who received care for bone tumours. The data gathered comprised the demographic profile, clinical characteristics, histological characteristics, treatments given, functional results, and survival. LSS was performed on all patients by orthopaedics oncologists trained in the surgical oncology department. Following surgery, during the first two years, patients were examined at every three-month interval, then every six months until the fifth year, and then once a year after that. The Kaplan-Meier method was utilized to determine the median follow-up and recurrence-free survival (RFS). Results In our study, the mean age of study subjects was 30.0±10.9 years. Almost all of the subjects included in the study had lower limb bone tumours (96.4%). The most common site for the tumour was the distal femur (57.1%) followed by the proximal femur (32.2%). The most common type of benign tumour was giant cell tumour (GCT) (53.6%), including recurrences of giant cell tumour (GCT), and among malignant tumours, osteosarcoma was the most common (25.0%). The mean surgical resection of bone in limb salvage surgery was 125.2±24.2 mm. The most common post-operative complication was leg length discrepancy (LLD) among 25.0% of subjects, which was managed by shoe raise. The overall mean musculoskeletal tumour society (MTSS) score after LSS was 25.0±4.3. Using the Kaplan-Meier method analysis, we found that relapse-free survival was 83.7% among enrolled subjects at a median follow-up period of 80 months. Conclusion It can be difficult to surgically treat patients who have malignant bone tumours. In limb-sparing surgery for bone tumours, the modular segmental-replacement system prosthesis that we preferred produced satisfactory results in terms of tumour control and limb function. To get good long-term results, the case selection must be appropriate.
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Vangala N, Uppin SG, Rao KN, Chandrasekhar P, Gundeti S. Prognostic Significance of Clinical and Post-Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Associated Histomorphological Parameters in Osteosarcoma: A Retrospective Study from a Tertiary Care Center. Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1740113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction Osteosarcoma is the most prevalent bone cancer in adolescents. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) followed by resection is the current modality of treatment for osteosarcoma. Histological evaluation of extent of tumor necrosis on resection is a well-established prognostic indicator in osteosarcoma correlating with survival in most cases.
Objectives The main objective of this study was to establish prognostic significance of various clinical and histological parameters post-NACT in osteosarcoma and to compare the integrated prognostic index proposed by Chui et al, with grading of response to NACT by Huvos and Rosen for osteosarcoma.
Materials and Methods This is a retrospective study done over a period of four years and includes 47 cases of osteosarcoma treated with NACT. All slides were reviewed and association of various clinical and histological parameters with overall survival was assessed with chi-squared test and Cox-regression analysis.
Results Statistical analysis revealed the prognostic significance of age at presentation, anatomic site, primary tumor size, metastatic status, and clinical stage. Histological parameters such as mitosis ≥10/10hpfs, ≥10% residual tumor were significantly associated with poor survival. Tumor necrosis ≥ 90% (excluding areas of hemorrhage, fibrosis and acellular osteoid) was significantly associated with increased survival. An integrated prognostic index formed by combining above parameters gives a better estimate of overall survival compared with residual disease or necrosis alone.
Conclusion Integrated prognostic index improves prognostication in patients treated for osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navatha Vangala
- Department of Pathology, Nizams Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Shantveer G. Uppin
- Department of Pathology, Nizams Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - K. Nageshwara Rao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nizams Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - P. Chandrasekhar
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nizams Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sadashivudu Gundeti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Nizams Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Xiong S, Xiong G, Li Z, Jiang Q, Yin J, Yin T, Zheng H. Gold nanoparticle-based nanoprobes with enhanced tumor targeting and photothermal/photodynamic response for therapy of osteosarcoma. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:155102. [PMID: 33395672 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abd816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Abastract
Plasmonic nanomaterials, especially a wide variety of gold nanoparticles, demonstrate great potential for theranostics of cancer. Herein, a gold nanotriangle with CD133 and hyaluronic acid on its surface loaded with a near-infrared photosensitizer was prepared for enhanced photodynamic/photothermal combined anti-tumor therapy. CD133 and hyaluronic acid provide the nanoprobe with dual tumor targeting, while the hyaluronic acid also protects photosensitive drugs from photodegradation. Thus, the nanoprobe has enhanced photothermal/photodynamic effects. This integrated treatment strategy significantly enhanced photodynamic/photothermal destruction of osteosarcoma cells. In addition, this treatment, induced by mild irradiation with a single wavelength laser, inhibited tumor growth in an osteosarcoma mouse model. These results indicate that this systemic treatment strategy can achieve enhanced anti-tumor therapeutic effects through active tumor targeting and protection of the loaded drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengren Xiong
- Fuzhou Second Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, People's Republic of China
| | - Guosheng Xiong
- Fuzhou Second Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaohui Li
- Fuzhou Second Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Jiang
- Fuzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Yin
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Yin
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Formulation Technology, Key Laboratory for Nanomedicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Fuzhou Second Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, People's Republic of China
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Shan H, Li K, Zhao D, Chi C, Tan Q, Wang X, Yu J, Piao M. Locally Controlled Release of Methotrexate and Alendronate by Thermo-Sensitive Hydrogels for Synergistic Inhibition of Osteosarcoma Progression. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:573. [PMID: 32508628 PMCID: PMC7248331 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a serious primary bone malignant tumor that can easily affect children and adolescents. Chemotherapy is one of the important and feasible clinical treatment strategies for the treatment of OS at present, which is severely limited due to insufficient retention time, poor penetration ability, and serious side effects of current anti-tumor drug preparations. In this work, a novel injectable thermo-sensitive hydrogel (mPEG45-PLV19) loaded with methotrexate and alendronate, and the sustained release at the tumor site synergistically inhibited the progression of OS. The mPEG45-PLV19 shows excellent physical and chemical properties. Compared with other treatment groups, the in vivo treatment of gel+ methotrexate + alendronate effectively inhibited the growth of tumor. More importantly, it significantly reduced bone destruction and lung metastasis caused by OS. Therefore, this injectable thermo-sensitive hydrogel drug delivery system has broad prospects for OS chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Shan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Orthopedics, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Duoyi Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Changliang Chi
- Department of Urology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qinyuan Tan
- Department of Urology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- Department of Urology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinhai Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Meihua Piao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Younis JA, Al Antably IM, Zamzam M, Salem HT, Zaki EM, Hassanian OA. Role of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in prediction of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in pediatric osteosarcoma. World J Nucl Med 2019; 18:378-388. [PMID: 31933554 PMCID: PMC6945349 DOI: 10.4103/wjnm.wjnm_52_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study was to evaluate the role of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in prediction of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in pediatric osteosarcoma (OS) patients compared to percentage of tumor necrosis after surgical excision of the tumor. Forty-six pediatric OS patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery were underwent PET/CT and MRI before, after 3 cycles, and after the completion of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Imaging parameters include maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax1, 2, and 3), tumor liver ratio (TLR 1, 2, and 3), and MRI tumor volume (MRTV 1, 2, and 3) at initial assessment before starting NAC, after finishing three cycles and after finishing 6 cycles before tumor excision, respectively. Cutoff values of the PET/CT and MRI parameters were determined using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and percentage of tumor necrosis of postsurgical specimen. Fourteen patients were good responders (30.4%), with more than 90% tumor necrosis, while 31 patients were poor responders (67.4%). The results of one patient were missed. We noticed that higher sensitivity for detecting poor responders was detected by SUVmax3/1, TLR3/1, and MRTV2/1 ratio cutoff values, while higher specificity was detected by TRL2 and SUVmax3 cutoff values. ROC curve analysis of MRTV2/1 and MRTV3/1 ratio was fair in predicting poor responders. PET/CT parameters are capable of predicting histological response to NAC in OS patients with overall sensitivity and specificity higher than MRI parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jehan Ahmed Younis
- Department of Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Manal Zamzam
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Children Cancer Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hala Taha Salem
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Children Cancer Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman Mohammed Zaki
- Department of Radiology, National Cancer Institute, Children Cancer Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Omneya Ahmed Hassanian
- Department of Statistics, National Cancer Institute, Children Cancer Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
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Zhao L, Bi D, Qi X, Guo Y, Yue F, Wang X, Han M. Polydopamine-based surface modification of paclitaxel nanoparticles for osteosarcoma targeted therapy. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:255101. [PMID: 30736019 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab055f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In order to achieve the purpose of targeting treatment of osteosarcoma, we developed novel paclitaxel (PTX) nanoparticles (Nps) coated with polydopamine (PDA) and grafted by alendronate (ALN) as ligand. Dopamine can be easily polymerized on various surfaces to form a thin PDA film in alkaline environment, which provided a versatile platform to perform secondary reactions for compounds without functional groups. The targeting Nps had a mean particle size of 290.6 ± 2.2 nm and a zeta potential of -13.4 ± 2.7. It was stable in phosphate buffer saline (PBS, pH 7.4), 5% glucose, plasma and displayed sustained drug release behavior. In vitro assay demonstrated the targeting Nps had stronger cytotoxicity against K7M2 wt osteosarcoma cells than the non-targeting Nps. Furthermore, in vivo distribution study indicated they could accumulate much more in tumor than non-targeting Nps. This is consistent with the in vivo antitumor study, targeting Nps achieved a better therapeutic effect than Taxol (8 mg kg-1, i.v.) (71.85% versus 66.53%) and prominently decreased the side effects of PTX. In general, the PTX-PDA-ALN-Nps may offer a feasible and effective strategy for osteosarcoma targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, People's Republic of China. Life Sciences and Environmental Sciences Center, Harbin University of Commerce, People's Republic of China
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Tanshinone IIA induces intrinsic apoptosis in osteosarcoma cells both in vivo and in vitro associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40382. [PMID: 28106052 PMCID: PMC5247764 DOI: 10.1038/srep40382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA), a phytochemical derived from the roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza, has been shown to inhibit growth and induce apoptosis in various cancer cells. The association of its inhibitory effect on the primary malignant bone tumor, osteosarcoma, with mitochondrial dysfunction remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the anti-proliferative effects of Tan IIA on human osteosarcoma 143B cells both in vitro and in vivo. Administration of Tan IIA to NOD-SCID mice implanted with 143B cells led to significant inhibition of tumor development. The inhibition of proliferation, migration, and invasion was observed in 143B cells treated with Tan IIA. The tumor proliferation markers, Ki67 and PCNA, were suppressed and apoptosis by TUNEL assay was activated respectively. Apoptosis in the Tan IIA-treated 143B cells and xerograft mice was associated with the activation of caspase cascade via the modulation of Bcl-2 family. The CD31 was inhibited in Tan IIA-treated xenografts to indicate anti-neovasculization. Tan IIA administration resulted in a significant decrease in the mitochondrial fusion proteins, Mfn1/2 and Opa1, as well as an increase in the fission protein Drp1. We concluded that mitochondrial dysfunction associated with dynamic change was involved in apoptosis and anti-angiogenesis elicited by Tan IIA.
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Li KT, Chen Q, Wang DW, Duan QQ, Tian S, He JW, Ou YS, Bai DQ. Mitochondrial pathway and endoplasmic reticulum stress participate in the photosensitizing effectiveness of AE-PDT in MG63 cells. Cancer Med 2016; 5:3186-3193. [PMID: 27700017 PMCID: PMC5119974 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising treatment in cancer therapy, with a photosensitizer activated by visible light. Aloe‐emodin (AE) is a promising photosensitive agent. In this study, the photosensitizing effects and possible mechanisms of AE‐PDT in MG63 cells were evaluated. The efficiency of AE‐PDT was analyzed by MTT assay. The mode of cell death was investigated by Hoechst 33,342 staining and flow cytometer. The intracellular distribution of AE was detected with confocal microscopy. The formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected by DCFH‐DA. The mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was measured by Rhodamine 123. The expression of proteins including cytochrome c, caspase‐3, ‐9, and ‐12, CHOP and GRP78 was detected by western blot. Apoptosis is the primary mode of cell death in our study, which occurs in a manner of depending on AE concentration and irradiation dose. Confocal microscopy showed that AE was primarily localized on the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of MG63 cells. AE‐PDT resulted in rapid increases of intracellular ROS production, which reached a peak at 2 h, followed by declining of mitochondrial membrane potential, releasing of cytochrome c from mitochondria into the cytoplasm, and up‐regulation of caspase‐3, ‐9, and ‐12, CHOP and GRP78. These results suggest that death of MG63 cells induced by AE‐PDT is triggered by ROS. Meanwhile, Mitochondria and ER serve as the subcellular targets, which are responsible for AE‐PDT‐induced death of MG63 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Ting Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qing Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Da-Wu Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin-Qin Duan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chinese Medicine Hospital of Longquan, Chengdu, China
| | - Si Tian
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Juan-Wen He
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yun-Sheng Ou
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ding-Qun Bai
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Liu J, Wu J, Zhou L, Pan C, Zhou Y, Du W, Chen JM, Zhu X, Shen J, Chen S, Liu RY, Huang W. ZD6474, a new treatment strategy for human osteosarcoma, and its potential synergistic effect with celecoxib. Oncotarget 2016; 6:21341-52. [PMID: 26050198 PMCID: PMC4673269 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
ZD6474, a small molecule VEGFR and EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has been considered as a promising tumor-targeted drug in various malignancies. EGFR and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were found overexpressed in osteosarcoma in previous reports, so here we tried to explore the anti-osteosarcoma effect of ZD6474 alone or combination with celecoxib, a COX-2 inhibitor. The data demonstrated that ZD6474 inhibited the growth of osteosarcoma cells, and promoted G1-phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by inhibiting the activity of EGFR tyrosine kinase, and consequently suppressing its downstream PI3k/Akt and MAPK/ERK pathway. Additionally, daily administration of ZD6474 produced a dose-dependent inhibition of tumor growth in nude mice. Celecoxib also significantly inhibited the growth of osteosarcoma cells in dose-dependent manner, while combination of ZD6474 and celecoxib displayed a synergistic or additive antitumor effect on osteosarcoma in vitro and in vivo. The possible molecular mechanisms to address the synergism are likely that ZD6474 induces the down-regulation of COX-2 expression through inhibiting ERK phosphorylation, while celecoxib promotes ZD6474-directed inhibition of ERK phosphorylation. In conclusion, ZD6474 exerts direct anti-proliferative effects on osteosarcoma cells, and the synergistic antitumor effect of the combination of ZD6474 with celecoxib may indicate a new strategy of the combinative treatment of human osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiani Liu
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, Jingzhou Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Jiangxue Wu
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changchuan Pan
- Medical Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Second People's Hospital of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wuying Du
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie-Min Chen
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingnan Shen
- Musculoskeletal Oncology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ran-Yi Liu
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenlin Huang
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Targeted Drugs and Guangzhou Enterprise Key Laboratory of Gene Medicine, Guangzhou Doublle Bioproducts Co. Ltd., Guangzhou, China
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Sane S, Abdullah A, Nelson ME, Wang H, Chauhan SC, Newton SS, Rezvani K. Structural studies of UBXN2A and mortalin interaction and the putative role of silenced UBXN2A in preventing response to chemotherapy. Cell Stress Chaperones 2016; 21:313-26. [PMID: 26634371 PMCID: PMC4786526 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-015-0661-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of the oncoprotein mortalin in cancer cells and its protein partners enables mortalin to promote multiple oncogenic signaling pathways and effectively antagonize chemotherapy-induced cell death. A UBX-domain-containing protein, UBXN2A, acts as a potential mortalin inhibitor. This current study determines whether UBXN2A effectively binds to and occupies mortalin's binding pocket, resulting in a direct improvement in the tumor's sensitivity to chemotherapy. Molecular modeling of human mortalin's binding pocket and its binding to the SEP domain of UBXN2A followed by yeast two-hybrid and His-tag pull-down assays revealed that three amino acids (PRO442, ILE558, and LYS555) within the substrate-binding domain of mortalin are crucial for UBXN2A binding to mortalin. As revealed by chase experiments in the presence of cycloheximide, overexpression of UBXN2A seems to interfere with the mortalin-CHIP E3 ubiquitin ligase and consequently suppresses the C-terminus of the HSC70-interacting protein (CHIP)-mediated destabilization of p53, resulting in its stabilization in the cytoplasm and upregulation in the nucleus. Overexpression of UBXN2A causes a significant inhibition of cell proliferation and the migration of colon cancer cells. We silenced UBXN2A in the human osteosarcoma U2OS cell line, an enriched mortalin cancer cell, followed by a clinical dosage of the chemotherapeutic agent 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). The UBXN2A knockout U2OS cells revealed that UBXNA is essential for the cytotoxic effect achieved by 5-FU. UBXN2A overexpression markedly increased the apoptotic response of U2OS cells to the 5-FU. In addition, silencing of UBXN2A protein suppresses apoptosis enhanced by UBXN2A overexpression in U2OS. The knowledge gained from this study provides insights into the mechanistic role of UBXN2A as a potent mortalin inhibitor and as a potential chemotherapy sensitizer for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanam Sane
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, The University of South Dakota, 414 E. Clark Street, Lee Medical Building, Vermillion, SD, 57069, USA
| | - Ammara Abdullah
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, The University of South Dakota, 414 E. Clark Street, Lee Medical Building, Vermillion, SD, 57069, USA
| | - Morgan E Nelson
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, The University of South Dakota, 414 E. Clark Street, Lee Medical Building, Vermillion, SD, 57069, USA
| | - Hongmin Wang
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, The University of South Dakota, 414 E. Clark Street, Lee Medical Building, Vermillion, SD, 57069, USA
| | - Subhash C Chauhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Samuel S Newton
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, The University of South Dakota, 414 E. Clark Street, Lee Medical Building, Vermillion, SD, 57069, USA
| | - Khosrow Rezvani
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, The University of South Dakota, 414 E. Clark Street, Lee Medical Building, Vermillion, SD, 57069, USA.
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Ye S, Zhang J, Shen J, Gao Y, Li Y, Choy E, Cote G, Harmon D, Mankin H, Gray NS, Hornicek FJ, Duan Z. NVP-TAE684 reverses multidrug resistance (MDR) in human osteosarcoma by inhibiting P-glycoprotein (PGP1) function. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:613-26. [PMID: 26603906 PMCID: PMC4728419 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Increased expression of P-glycoprotein (PGP1) is one of the major causes of multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer, including in osteosarcoma, which eventually leads to the failure of cancer chemotherapy. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop effective therapeutic strategies to override the expression and function of PGP1 to counter MDR in cancer patients. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH In an effort to search for new chemical entities targeting PGP1-associated MDR in osteosarcoma, we screened a 500+ compound library of known kinase inhibitors with established kinase selectivity profiles. We aimed to discover potential drug synergistic effects among kinase inhibitors and general chemotherapeutics by combining inhibitors with chemotherapy drugs such as doxorubicin and paclitaxel. The human osteosarcoma MDR cell lines U2OSR2 and KHOSR2 were used for the initial screen and secondary mechanistic studies. KEY RESULTS After screening 500+ kinase inhibitors, we identified NVP-TAE684 as the most effective MDR reversing agent. NVP-TAE684 significantly reversed chemoresistance when used in combination with doxorubicin, paclitaxel, docetaxel, vincristine, ET-743 or mitoxantrone. NVP-TAE684 itself is not a PGP1 substrate competitive inhibitor, but it can increase the intracellular accumulation of PGP1 substrates in PGP1-overexpressing cell lines. NVP-TAE684 was found to inhibit the function of PGP1 by stimulating PGP1 ATPase activity, a phenomenon reported for other PGP1 inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The application of NVP-TAE684 to restore sensitivity of osteosarcoma MDR cells to the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapeutics will be useful for further study of PGP1-mediated MDR in human cancer and may ultimately benefit cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunan Ye
- Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Jianming Zhang
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Jacson Shen
- Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Yan Gao
- Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Ying Li
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Edwin Choy
- Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Gregory Cote
- Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - David Harmon
- Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Henry Mankin
- Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | | | - Francis J Hornicek
- Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Zhenfeng Duan
- Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
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12
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Rivera-Valentin RK, Zhu L, Hughes DPM. Bone Sarcomas in Pediatrics: Progress in Our Understanding of Tumor Biology and Implications for Therapy. Paediatr Drugs 2015; 17:257-71. [PMID: 26002157 PMCID: PMC4516866 DOI: 10.1007/s40272-015-0134-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The pediatric bone sarcomas osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma represent a tremendous challenge for the clinician. Though less common than acute lymphoblastic leukemia or brain tumors, these aggressive cancers account for a disproportionate amount of the cancer morbidity and mortality in children, and have seen few advances in survival in the past decade, despite many large, complicated, and expensive trials of various chemotherapy combinations. To improve the outcomes of children with bone sarcomas, a better understanding of the biology of these cancers is needed, together with informed use of targeted therapies that exploit the unique biology of each disease. Here we summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the contribution of receptor tyrosine kinases, intracellular signaling pathways, bone biology and physiology, the immune system, and the tumor microenvironment in promoting and maintaining the malignant phenotype. These observations are coupled with a review of the therapies that target each of these mechanisms, focusing on recent or ongoing clinical trials if such information is available. It is our hope that, by better understanding the biology of osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma, rational combination therapies can be designed and systematically tested, leading to improved outcomes for a group of children who desperately need them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio K. Rivera-Valentin
- Department of Pediatrics-Research, The Children’s Cancer Hospital at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 853, MOD 1.021d, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Limin Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics-Research, The Children’s Cancer Hospital at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 853, MOD 1.021d, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Dennis P. M. Hughes
- Department of Pediatrics-Research, The Children’s Cancer Hospital at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 853, MOD 1.021d, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030 USA
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13
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Shang J, Fan X, Liu H. The role of mechano-growth factor E peptide in the regulation of osteosarcoma. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:697-704. [PMID: 26622556 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is one of the most common bone tumors, and exhibits a high degree of malignancy. Gene therapy is a novel approach to its treatment, however, specific target genes are required to enable effective use of this therapy. In order to investigate the effects of the mechano-growth factor E (MGF-E) peptide, which is derived from the IGF-I alternative splicing isoform, on the regulation of the development of osteosarcoma, the expression of MGF was detected in osteosarcoma cell lines with different degrees of malignancy. Concomitantly, exogenous MGF-E peptide was used to stimulate these osteosarcoma cell lines. The results demonstrated that MGF was overexpressed in malignant osteosarcoma cells, while it was not expressed in the least malignant osteosarcoma cells. Furthermore, MGF-E treatment altered the cell cycle distribution, and promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells. The possible mechanisms underlying these effects were detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Based on these results, it was hypothesized that MGF may be a suitable biomarker for malignant osteosarcoma phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Shang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Xin Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
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14
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mTORC1 maintains the tumorigenicity of SSEA-4(+) high-grade osteosarcoma. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9604. [PMID: 25853231 PMCID: PMC4389812 DOI: 10.1038/srep09604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inactivation of p53 and/or Rb pathways restrains osteoblasts from cell-cycle exit and terminal differentiation, which underpins osteosarcoma formation coupled with dedifferentiation. Recently, the level of p-S6K was shown to independently predict the prognosis for osteosarcomas, while the reason behind this is not understood. Here we show that in certain high-grade osteosarcomas, immature SSEA-4+ tumor cells represent a subset of tumor-initiating cells (TICs) whose pool size is maintained by mTORC1 activity. mTORC1 supports not only SSEA-4+ cell self-renewal through S6K but also the regeneration of SSEA-4+ TICs by SSEA-4− osteosarcoma cell dedifferentiation. Mechanistically, active mTORC1 is required to prevent a likely upregulation of the cell-cycle inhibitor p27 independently of p53 or Rb activation, which otherwise effectively drives the terminal differentiation of SSEA-4− osteosarcoma cells at the expense of dedifferentiation. Thus, mTORC1 is shown to critically regulate the retention of tumorigenicity versus differentiation in discrete differentiation phases in SSEA-4+ TICs and their progeny.
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15
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Duan Z, Zhang J, Ye S, Shen J, Choy E, Cote G, Harmon D, Mankin H, Hua Y, Zhang Y, Gray NS, Hornicek FJ. A-770041 reverses paclitaxel and doxorubicin resistance in osteosarcoma cells. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:681. [PMID: 25236161 PMCID: PMC4177239 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Reversing multidrug resistance (MDR) has been an important goal for clinical and investigational oncologists. In the last few decades, significant effort has been made to search for inhibitors to reverse MDR by targeting ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters (Pgp, MRP) directly, but these efforts have achieved little clinical success. Protein kinases play important roles in many aspects of tumor cell growth and survival. Combinations of kinase inhibitors and chemotherapeutics have been observed to overcome cancer drug resistance in certain circumstances. Methods We screened a kinase specific inhibitor compound library in human osteosarcoma MDR cell lines to identify inhibitors that were capable of reversing chemoresistance to doxorubicin and paclitaxel. Results We identified 18 small molecules that significantly increase chemotherapy drug-induced cell death in human osteosarcoma MDR cell lines U-2OSMR and KHOSR2. We identified A-770041 as one of the most effective MDR reversing agents when combined with doxorubicin or paclitaxel. A-770041 is a potent Src family kinase (Lck and Src) inhibitor. Western blot analysis revealed A-770041 inhibits both Src and Lck activation and expression. Inhibition of Src expression in U-2OSMR and KHOSR2 cell lines using lentiviral shRNA also resulted in increased doxorubicin and paclitaxel drug sensitivity. A-770041 increases the intracellular drug accumulation as demonstrated by calcein AM assay. Conclusions These results indicate that small molecule inhibitor A-770041 may function to reverse ABCB1/Pgp-mediated chemotherapy drug resistance. Combination of Src family kinase inhibitor with regular chemotherapy drug could be clinically effective in MDR osteosarcoma. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2407-14-681) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfeng Duan
- Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 100 Blossom St,, Jackson 1115, Boston 02114, MA, USA.
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16
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Liang W, Li X, Li Y, Li C, Gao B, Gan H, Li S, Shen J, Kang J, Ding S, Lin X, Liao L. Gallic acid induces apoptosis and inhibits cell migration by upregulating miR-518b in SW1353 human chondrosarcoma cells. Int J Oncol 2013; 44:91-8. [PMID: 24173143 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.2155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Gallic acid (GA), a natural agent, is widely distri-buted in plants with a range of biological effects and has been of potential interest as anticancer agent. However, its effects on chondrosarcoma cell apoptosis are still undefined. In the present study, the possible mechanisms of GA-induced apoptosis were explored in SW1353 cells, a human chondrosarcoma cell line. Our results showed that GA inhibited cell viability dose- and time-dependently. Morphological examination of GA-treated cells exhibited the typical features of cell death, such as rounding up of the cells and cell shrinkage. Wound-healing assay indicated that GA inhibited the migratory abilities of SW1353 cells. Hoechst 33258 staining assay and Annexin V/PI staining assay exhibited apoptosis induction by GA. To determine the molecular mechanism of GA-induced apoptosis, the expression levels Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3 and caspase-9 were determined in SW1353 cells treated with GA. We found that GA downregulated the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, and upregulated the expression of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax, and the activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9. To identify the possible mechanisms, the changes of microRNA expression were tested using the miRCURY™ LNA expression array. It was observed that the miR-518b gene was upregulated in treated cells. Taken together, these data show that GA induces apoptosis and inhibits cell migration by upregulating miR-518b in SW1353 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenna Liang
- Research Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, P.R. China
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17
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Naviglio S. The possible use of inorganic phosphate in osteosarcoma therapy. Future Oncol 2013; 9:1249-51. [PMID: 23654203 DOI: 10.2217/fon.13.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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18
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Chauhan A, Joshi GR, Chopra BK, Ganguly M, Reddy GR. Limb salvage surgery in bone tumors: a retrospective study of 50 cases in a single center. Indian J Surg Oncol 2013; 4:248-54. [PMID: 24426731 DOI: 10.1007/s13193-013-0229-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Modular segmental replacement system (MSRS) is one of the options for Limb conservation surgery in bone tumors. The study analyses a single center experience of use of MSRS for limb conservation in cases of primary bone tumors. Retrospective analysis was done for a series of cases of limb salvage procedures done over a five year period. All Patients with bone tumors who underwent limb salvage procedures utilising MSRS prosthesis were included in the study. The patients' record were perused for pre operative staging; neoadjuvant therapy used, if any; surgical procedure done; follow-up for prosthesis related complications and overall survival achieved. Total of 50 cases studied,included 28 males and 22 females . Median age at diagnosis of 28 (10-73) years. Tumor localized in lower limb in 38 patients, and upper limb in 12 patients. Tumors were malignant in 28 patients (56 %) and benign in 22 (44 %). The most common diagnosis was osteosarcoma (21 patients (42 %)) . The median resection length was 15 cm (range 6-25). High grade tumors (grade 2a and 2b) was found in 27 of 29 cases(93.1 %) . 14 patients had prosthesis related complications. The mean follow-up was 5 years (range: 3-7). 42 patients of 50 were alive with the endoprosthesis at the last follow-up. Survival rate of prosthesis is 84 %. The modular segmental-replacement system prosthesis favoured by us in limb sparing surgery for bone tumors results in satisfactory results in terms of tumor control and limb function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Chauhan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Command Hospital(CC), Lucknow, India
| | - G R Joshi
- Department of Orthopaedic, Command Hospital(SC), Pune, India
| | - B K Chopra
- Joint replacement Center, AHRR, Delhi, India
| | - Manomoy Ganguly
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Command Hospital(CC), Lucknow, India
| | - G R Reddy
- Joint replacement Center, AHRR, Delhi, India
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19
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Spina A, Sorvillo L, Chiosi E, Esposito A, Di Maiolo F, Sapio L, Caraglia M, Naviglio S. Synergistic cytotoxic effects of inorganic phosphate and chemotherapeutic drugs on human osteosarcoma cells. Oncol Rep 2013; 29:1689-96. [PMID: 23446517 PMCID: PMC3658848 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel therapeutic approaches are required for the treatment of osteosarcoma. Combination chemotherapy is receiving increased attention in order to identify compounds that may increase the therapeutic index of clinical anticancer drugs. In this regard, naturally occurring molecules with antitumor activity and with limited toxicity to normal tissues have been suggested as possible candidates for investigation of their synergistic efficacy in combination with antineoplastic drugs. Inorganic phosphate (Pi) is an essential nutrient for living organisms. Relevantly, Pi has emerged as an important signaling molecule capable of modulating multiple cellular functions by altering signal transduction pathways, gene expression and protein abundance in many cell types. Previously, we showed that Pi inhibits proliferation and aggressiveness of U2OS human osteosarcoma cells and that Pi is capable of inducing sensitization of osteosarcoma cells to doxorubicin in a p53-dependent manner. In this study, we extended the role of Pi in the chemosensitivity of osteosarcoma cells to other anticancer drugs. Specifically, we report and compare the antiproliferative effects of a combination between Pi and doxorubicin, Taxol® and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treatments. We found that Pi increases the antiproliferative response to both Taxol and doxorubicin to a similar extent. On the other hand, Pi did not potentiate the anticancer effects induced by 5-FU. These effects were paralleled by apoptosis induction and were cell cycle-dependent. The clinical significance of our data and their potential therapeutic applications for improving osteosarcoma treatment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Spina
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Medical School, I‑80138 Naples, Italy
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20
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Spina A, Sorvillo L, Di Maiolo F, Esposito A, D'Auria R, Di Gesto D, Chiosi E, Naviglio S. Inorganic phosphate enhances sensitivity of human osteosarcoma U2OS cells to doxorubicin via a p53-dependent pathway. J Cell Physiol 2012; 228:198-206. [PMID: 22674530 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant primary bone tumor in children and adolescents. The clinical outcome for osteosarcoma remains discouraging despite aggressive surgery and intensive radiotherapy and chemotherapy regimens. Thus, novel therapeutic approaches are needed. Previously, we have shown that inorganic phosphate (Pi) inhibits proliferation and aggressiveness of human osteosarcoma U2OS cells identifying adenylate cyclase, beta3 integrin, Rap1, ERK1/2 as proteins whose expression and function are relevantly affected in response to Pi. In this study, we investigated whether Pi could affect chemosensitivity of osteosarcoma cells and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Here, we report that Pi inhibits proliferation of p53-wild type U2OS cells (and not of p53-null Saos and p53-mutant MG63 cells) by slowing-down cell cycle progression, without apoptosis occurrence. Interestingly, we found that Pi strongly enhances doxorubicin-induced cytotoxicity in U2OS, and not in Saos and MG63 cells, by apoptosis induction, as revealed by a marked increase of sub-G1 population, Bcl-2 downregulation, caspase-3 activation, and PARP cleavage. Remarkably, Pi/doxorubicin combination-induced cytotoxicity was accompanied by an increase of p53 protein levels and of p53 target genes mdm2, p21 and Bax, and was significantly reduced by the p53 inhibitor pifithrine-alpha. Moreover, the doxorubicin-induced cytotoxicity was associated with ERK1/2 pathway inhibition in response to Pi. Altogether, our data enforce the evidence of Pi as a novel signaling molecule capable of inhibiting ERK pathway and inducing sensitization to doxorubicin of osteosarcoma cells by p53-dependent apoptosis, implying that targeting Pi levels might represent a rational strategy for improving osteosarcoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Spina
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Medical School, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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21
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Yin JQ, Wen L, Wu LC, Gao ZH, Huang G, Wang J, Zou CY, Tan PX, Yong BC, Jia Q, Shen JN. The glycogen synthase kinase-3β/nuclear factor-kappa B pathway is involved in cinobufagin-induced apoptosis in cultured osteosarcoma cells. Toxicol Lett 2012; 218:129-36. [PMID: 23164673 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cinobufagin, a major component of cinobufacini (huachansu), is an important cardenolidal steroid. Several studies have suggested that cinobufagin has potent anti-cancer effects. The present study examines the apoptosis-inducing activity and the underlying mechanism of action of cinobufagin in osteosarcoma (OS) cells. Our results showed that cinobufagin potently inhibited the proliferation of U2OS, MG63 and SaOS-2 cells. Significant increases in G2/M cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in OS cells were also observed. The expression levels of several apoptotic proteins were assessed after cinobufagin treatment in U2OS cells. Among them, xIAP, cIAP-1, survivin and Bcl-2 levels decreased remarkably, while the levels of Bax and cleaved-PARP increased. Furthermore, we validated the inhibition of GSK-3β/NF-κB signaling following cinobufagin treatment. Western blots showed a decrease in nuclear p65 protein expression after exposure to different concentrations of cinobufagin, while the phosphorylation of GSK-3β was simultaneously increased. Transduction with constitutively active forms of GSK-3β could protect against the downregulation of p65 and upregulation of cleaved-PARP that are induced by cinobufagin treatment. However, combined treatment with cinobufagin and SB216367 resulted in a significant reduction in p65 and an increase in cleaved-PARP in U2OS cells. Altogether, these results show that cinobufagin is a promising agent for the treatment of OS. These studies are the first to reveal the involvement of the GSK-3β/NF-κB pathway in cinobufagin-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Qiang Yin
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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Abstract
Accurate diagnosis of bone-forming tumors, including correct subclassification of osteogenic sarcoma is critical for determination of appropriate clinical management and prediction of patient outcome. The morphologic spectrum of osteogenic sarcoma is extensive, however, and its histologic mimics are numerous. This review focuses on the major differential diagnoses of the specific subtypes of osteosarcoma, presents summaries of various diagnoses, and provides tips to overcoming pitfalls in diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana L Gonzalez
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 3rd Floor, Medical Center North, C-3321, Nashville, TN 37232-2561, USA
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23
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Abstract
The MICA (MHC class I chain-related molecule A) is a ligand for the activating immunoreceptor NKG2D (natural killer group 2, member D). NKG2D recognizes MICA expressing at the cell surface for cell elimination. Although MICA is overexpressed in many kinds of tumours, tumour cells can cleverly escape immunosurveillance. One underlying mechanism for immunoescape is tumour-derived MICA shedding. In this study, we report that osteosarcoma-derived MICA results from proteolytic cleavage of MICA α3 ectodomain. sMICA (soluble MICA) might be released in the early stage of disease. A MMP9 (matrix metalloproteinase 9, gelatinase B)-specific inhibitor suppressed sMICA release, indicating that MMP9 is critically involved in the osteosarcoma-associated proteolytic release of sMICA, which facilitates tumour immune escape. Using a specific MMP inhibitor might represent a double-edged sword, where it can inhibit tumour invasion and restore antitumour immune response.
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