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Manda VK, Avula B, Dale OR, Chittiboyina AG, Khan IA, Walker LA, Khan SI. Studies on Pharmacokinetic Drug Interaction Potential of Vinpocetine. MEDICINES 2015; 2:93-105. [PMID: 28930203 PMCID: PMC5533163 DOI: 10.3390/medicines2020093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Vinpocetine, a semi-synthetic derivative of vincamine, is a popular dietary supplement used for the treatment of several central nervous system related disorders. Despite its wide use, no pharmacokinetic drug interaction studies are reported in the literature. Due to increasing use of dietary supplements in combination with conventional drugs, the risk of adverse effects is on the rise. As a preliminary step to predict a possibility of drug interaction during concomitant use of vinpocetine and conventional drugs, this study was carried out to evaluate the effects of vinpocetine on three main regulators of pharmacokinetic drug interactions namely, cytochromes P450 (CYPs), P-glycoprotein (P-gp), and Pregnane X receptor (PXR). Methods Inhibition of CYPs was evaluated by employing recombinant enzymes. The inhibition of P-gp was determined by calcein-AM uptake method in transfected and wild type MDCKII cells. Modulation of PXR activity was monitored through a reporter gene assay in HepG2 cells. Results Vinpocetine showed a strong inhibition of P-gp (EC50 8 μM) and a moderate inhibition of recombinant CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 (IC50 2.8 and 6.5 μM) with no activity towards CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and CYP1A2 enzymes. In HLM, competitive inhibition of CYP3A4 (IC50 54 and Ki 19 μM) and non-competitive inhibition of CYP2D6 (IC50 19 and Ki 26 μM) was observed. Activation of PXR was observed only at the highest tested concentration of vinpocetine (30 μM) while lower doses were ineffective. Conclusion Strong inhibition of P-gp by vinpocetine is indicative of a possibility of drug interactions by altering the pharmacokinetics of drugs, which are the substrates of P-gp. However, the effects on CYPs and PXR indicate that vinpocetine may not affect CYP-mediated metabolism of drugs, as the inhibitory concentrations are much greater than the expected plasma concentrations in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vamshi K Manda
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
| | - Bharathi Avula
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
| | - Olivia R Dale
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
| | - Amar G Chittiboyina
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
| | - Ikhlas A Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Larry A Walker
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
| | - Shabana I Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia.
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Gulyás B, Vas Á, Tóth M, Takano A, Varrone A, Cselényi Z, Schain M, Mattsson P, Halldin C. Age and disease related changes in the translocator protein (TSPO) system in the human brain: Positron emission tomography measurements with [11C]vinpocetine. Neuroimage 2011; 56:1111-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Revised: 02/02/2011] [Accepted: 02/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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O’Flaherty J, Mei Y, Freer M, Weyman CM. Signaling through the TRAIL receptor DR5/FADD pathway plays a role in the apoptosis associated with skeletal myoblast differentiation. Apoptosis 2007; 11:2103-13. [PMID: 17041756 PMCID: PMC2782111 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-006-0196-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis rather than differentiation is a physiological process during myogenesis and muscle regeneration. When cultured myoblasts were induced to differentiate, we detected an increase in caspase 8 activity. Pharmacological inhibition of caspase 8 activity decreased apoptosis. Expression of a dominant-negative mutant of the adapter protein FADD also abrogated apoptosis, implicating a death ligand pathway. Treatment with TRAIL, but not Fas, induced apoptosis in these myoblasts. Accordingly, treatment with a soluble TRAIL decoy receptor or expression of a dominant-negative mutant of the TRAIL receptor DR5 abrogated apoptosis. While TRAIL expression levels remained unaltered in apoptotic myoblasts, DR5 expression levels increased. Finally, we also detected a reduction in FLIP, a death-receptor effector protein and caspase 8 competitive inhibitor, to undetectable levels in apoptotic myoblasts. Thus, our data demonstrate an important role for the TRAIL/DR5/FADD/caspase 8 pathway in the apoptosis associated with skeletal myoblast differentiation. Identifying the functional apoptotic pathways in skeletal myoblasts may prove useful in minimizing the myoblast apoptosis that contributes pathologically to a variety of diseases and in minimizing the apoptosis of transplanted myoblasts to treat these and other disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. O’Flaherty
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115
| | - Y. Mei
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115
| | - M. Freer
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115
| | - C. M. Weyman
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115
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Su LT, Agapito MA, Li M, Simonson WTN, Huttenlocher A, Habas R, Yue L, Runnels LW. TRPM7 regulates cell adhesion by controlling the calcium-dependent protease calpain. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:11260-70. [PMID: 16436382 PMCID: PMC3225339 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m512885200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
m-Calpain is a protease implicated in the control of cell adhesion through focal adhesion disassembly. The mechanism by which the enzyme is spatially and temporally controlled is not well understood, particularly because the dependence of calpain on calcium exceeds the submicromolar concentrations normally observed in cells. Here we show that the channel kinase TRPM7 localizes to peripheral adhesion complexes with m-calpain, where it regulates cell adhesion by controlling the activity of the protease. Our research revealed that overexpression of TRPM7 in cells caused cell rounding with a concomitant loss of cell adhesion that is dependent upon the channel of the protein but not its kinase activities. Knockdown of m-calpain blocked TRPM7-induced cell rounding and cell detachment. Silencing of TRPM7 by RNA interference, however, strengthened cell adhesion and increased the number of peripheral adhesion complexes in the cells. Together, our results suggest that the ion channel TRPM7 regulates cell adhesion through m-calpain by mediating the local influx of calcium into peripheral adhesion complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ting Su
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
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