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Khoury P, Wechsler JB. Role of Mast Cells in Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Diseases. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2024; 44:311-327. [PMID: 38575226 PMCID: PMC11220468 DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Mast cells play a central role in the pathogenesis of eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders (EGIDs), including eosinophilic esophagitis. Their interactions with immune and structural cells, involvement in tissue remodeling, and contribution to symptoms make them attractive targets for therapeutic intervention. More is being discovered regarding the intricate interplay of mast cells and eosinophils. Recent studies demonstrating that depletion of eosinophils is insufficient to improve symptoms of EGIDs have raised the question of whether other cells may play a role in symptomatology and pathogenesis of EGIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paneez Khoury
- Human Eosinophil Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, Room 12C103, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Joshua B Wechsler
- Simpson-Querrey 10-518, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, 225 E. Chicago Avenue, Box 65, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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2
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Gwon MG, Leem J, An HJ, Gu H, Bae S, Kim JH, Park KK. The decoy oligodeoxynucleotide against HIF-1α and STAT5 ameliorates atopic dermatitis-like mouse model. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 34:102036. [PMID: 37799329 PMCID: PMC10550406 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.102036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disease caused by an immune disorder. Mast cells are known to be activated and granulated to maintain an allergic reaction, including rhinitis, asthma, and AD. Although hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) play crucial roles in mast cell survival and granulation, their effects need to be clarified in allergic disorders. Thus, we designed decoy oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) synthetic DNA, without open ends, containing complementary sequences for HIF-1α and STAT5 to suppress the transcriptional activities of HIF-1α and STAT5. In this study, we demonstrated the effects of HIF-1α/STAT5 ODN using AD-like in vivo and in vitro models. The HIF-1α/STAT5 decoy ODN significantly alleviated cutaneous symptoms similar to AD, including morphology changes, immune cell infiltration, skin barrier dysfunction, and inflammatory response. In the AD model, it also inhibited mast cell infiltration and degranulation in skin tissue. These results suggest that the HIF-1α/STAT5 decoy ODN ameliorates the AD-like disorder and immunoglobulin E (IgE)-induced mast cell activation by disrupting HIF-1α/STAT5 signaling pathways. Taken together, these findings suggest the possibility of HIF-1α/STAT5 as therapeutic targets and their decoy ODN as a potential therapeutic tool for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Gyeong Gwon
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaechan Leem
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin An
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyemin Gu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjae Bae
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hyun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan-Kyu Park
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
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3
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Wu T, Yan S, Yeh YW, Fang Y, Xiang Z. FcγR-dependent apoptosis regulates tissue persistence of mucosal and connective tissue mast cells. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250221. [PMID: 37137469 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Rodent mast cells can be divided into two major subtypes: the mucosal mast cell (MMC) and the connective tissue mast cell (CTMC). A decade-old observation revealed a longer lifespan for CTMC compared with MMC. The precise mechanisms underlying such differential tissue persistence of mast cell subsets have not been described. In this study, we have discovered that mast cells expressing only one receptor, either FcγRIIB or FcγRIIIA, underwent caspase-independent apoptosis in response to IgG immune complex treatment. Lower frequencies of CTMC in mice that lacked either FcγRIIB or FcγRIIIA compared with WT mice were recorded, especially in aged mice. We proposed that this paradigm of FcγR-mediated mast cell apoptosis could account for the more robust persistence of CTMC, which express both FcγRIIB and FcγRIIIA, than MMC, which express only FcγRIIB. Importantly, we reproduced these results using a mast cell engraftment model, which ruled out possible confounding effects of mast cell recruitment or FcγR expression by other cells on mast cell number regulation. In conclusion, our work has uncovered an FcγR-dependent mast cell number regulation paradigm that might provide a mechanistic explanation for the long-observed differential mast cell subset persistence in tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongqian Wu
- Center for Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, P. R. China
- School for Clinical Laboratory, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, P. R. China
| | - Shirong Yan
- Center for Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, P. R. China
- School for Clinical Laboratory, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Wen Yeh
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Yu Fang
- Center for Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, P. R. China
- School for Clinical Laboratory, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, P. R. China
| | - Zou Xiang
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccine Research Center, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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4
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Liu X, Li X, Wei H, Liu Y, Li N. Mast cells in colorectal cancer tumour progression, angiogenesis, and lymphangiogenesis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1209056. [PMID: 37497234 PMCID: PMC10366593 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1209056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The characteristics of the tumour cells, as well as how tumour cells interact with their surroundings, affect the prognosis of cancer patients. The resident cells in the tumour microenvironment are mast cells (MCs), which are known for their functions in allergic responses, but their functions in the cancer milieu have been hotly contested. Several studies have revealed a link between MCs and the development of tumours. Mast cell proliferation in colorectal cancer (CRC) is correlated with angiogenesis, the number of lymph nodes to which the malignancy has spread, and patient prognosis. By releasing angiogenic factors (VEGF-A, CXCL 8, MMP-9, etc.) and lymphangiogenic factors (VEGF-C, VEGF-D, etc.) stored in granules, mast cells play a significant role in the development of CRC. On the other hand, MCs can actively encourage tumour development via pathways including the c-kit/SCF-dependent signaling cascade and histamine production. The impact of MC-derived mediators on tumour growth, the prognostic importance of MCs in patients with various stages of colorectal cancer, and crosstalk between MCs and CRC cells in the tumour microenvironment are discussed in this article. We acknowledge the need for a deeper comprehension of the function of MCs in CRC and the possibility that targeting MCs might be a useful therapeutic approach in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxin Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Haotian Wei
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ningxu Li
- Department of Nephrology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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5
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Falduto GH, Pfeiffer A, Zhang Q, Yin Y, Metcalfe DD, Olivera A. A Critical Function for the Transcription Factors GLI1 and GLI2 in the Proliferation and Survival of Human Mast Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:841045. [PMID: 35251038 PMCID: PMC8888842 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.841045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cell hyperactivity and accumulation in tissues are associated with allergy and other mast cell-related disorders. However, the molecular pathways regulating mast cell survival in homeostasis and disease are not completely understood. As glioma-associated oncogene (GLI) proteins are involved in both tissue homeostasis and in the hematopoietic system by regulating cell fate decisions, we sought to investigate the role for GLI proteins in the control of proliferation and survival of human mast cells. GLI1 transcripts were present in primary human mast cells and mast cell lines harboring or not activating mutations in the tyrosine kinase receptor KIT (HMC-1.1 and HMC-1.2, and LAD2 cells, respectively), while GLI2 transcripts were only present in HMC-1.1 and HMC-1.2 cells, suggesting a role for oncogenic KIT signaling in the regulation of GLI2. Reduction in GLI activity by small molecule inhibitors, or by shRNA-mediated knockdown of GLI1 or GLI2, led to increases in apoptotic cell death in both cultured human and murine mast cells, and reduced the number of peritoneal mast cells in mice. Although GLI proteins are typically activated via the hedgehog pathway, steady-state activation of GLI in mast cells occurred primarily via non-canonical pathways. Apoptosis induced by GLI silencing was associated with a downregulation in the expression of KIT and of genes that influence p53 stability and function including USP48, which promotes p53 degradation; and iASPP, which inhibits p53-induced transcription, thus leading to the induction of p53-regulated apoptotic genes. Furthermore, we found that GLI silencing inhibited the proliferation of neoplastic mast cell lines, an effect that was more pronounced in rapidly growing cells. Our findings support the conclusion that GLI1/2 transcription factors are critical regulators of mast cell survival and that their inhibition leads to a significant reduction in the number of mast cells in vitro and in vivo, even in cells with constitutively active KIT variants. This knowledge can potentially be applicable to reducing mast cell burden in mast cell-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Hernan Falduto
- Mast Cell Biology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Annika Pfeiffer
- Mast Cell Biology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Qunshu Zhang
- Mast Cell Biology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Yuzhi Yin
- Mast Cell Biology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Dean Darrel Metcalfe
- Mast Cell Biology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ana Olivera
- Mast Cell Biology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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6
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Paivandy A, Pejler G. Novel Strategies to Target Mast Cells in Disease. J Innate Immun 2021; 13:131-147. [PMID: 33582673 DOI: 10.1159/000513582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are versatile effector cells of the immune system, characterized by a large content of secretory granules containing a variety of inflammatory mediators. They are implicated in the host protection toward various external insults, but are mostly well known for their detrimental impact on a variety of pathological conditions, including allergic disorders such as asthma and a range of additional disease settings. Based on this, there is currently a large demand for therapeutic regimens that can dampen the detrimental impact of MCs in these respective pathological conditions. This can be accomplished by several strategies, including targeting of individual mediators released by MCs, blockade of receptors for MC-released compounds, inhibition of MC activation, limiting mast cell growth or by inducing mast cell apoptosis. Here, we review the currently available and emerging regimens to interfere with harmful mast cell activities in asthma and other pathological settings and discuss the advantages and limitations of such strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Paivandy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden,
| | - Gunnar Pejler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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Teófilo CR, Ferreira Junior AEC, Batista AC, Fechini Jamacaru FV, Sousa FB, Lima Mota MR, Silva MFE, Barros Silva PGD, Alves APNN. Mast Cells and Blood Vessels Profile in Oral Carcinogenesis: An Immunohistochemistry Study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:1097-1102. [PMID: 32334476 PMCID: PMC7445991 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.4.1097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The objectives of the present study were to evaluate angiogenesis and mast cell density in oral epithelial dysplasia and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Materials and Methods: This was an observational, retrospective and quantitative study. The samples consisted of 60 tissue specimens from patients with squamous cell carcinoma, epithelial dysplasia and controls (n=20/group). Immunohistochemistry was performed using an anti-tryptase antibody to mast cells and anti-CD31 and anti-CD34 for blood vessels and we count the number of mast cells and determine the percentage of CD31 and CD34 antibody staining (vascular density). Results: The mast cells had lower density in OSCC compared to control and dysplasia (p = 0.009). In angiogenesis, the expression of CD31 showed a higher percentage of blood vessels in OSCC (p < 0.001), however, CD34 showed no difference between groups (p=0.092). The CD31 antibody presented as a high immunostaining in oral mucosa than CD34. Conclusions: The increased vascularity in squamous cell carcinoma suggests that angiogenesis begins when malignant transformation starts that seems to be inversely associated with the number of mast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Rodrigues Teófilo
- Department of Dental Clinic, Division of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | - Aline Carvalho Batista
- Oral Rehabilitation and Preventive Department, Dental School, Federal University of Goias, Goiana, Brazil
| | | | - Fabricio Bitu Sousa
- Department of Dental Clinic, Division of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Mário Rogério Lima Mota
- Department of Dental Clinic, Division of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Malena Freitas E Silva
- Department of Dental Clinic, Division of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Paulo Goberlânio De Barros Silva
- Department of Dental Clinic, Division of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Negreiros Nunes Alves
- Department of Dental Clinic, Division of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
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Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin Interferes with the Apoptosis of Human Skin Mast Cells by a Dual Strategy Involving STAT5/Mcl-1 and JNK/Bcl-x L. Cells 2019; 8:cells8080829. [PMID: 31387206 PMCID: PMC6721763 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) play critical roles in allergic and inflammatory reactions and contribute to multiple pathologies in the skin, in which they show increased numbers, which frequently correlates with severity. It remains ill-defined how MC accumulation is established by the cutaneous microenvironment, in part because research on human MCs rarely employs MCs matured in the tissue, and extrapolations from other MC subsets have limitations, considering the high level of MC heterogeneity. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP)—released by epithelial cells, like keratinocytes, following disturbed homeostasis and inflammation—has attracted much attention, but its impact on skin MCs remains undefined, despite the vast expression of the TSLP receptor by these cells. Using several methods, each detecting a distinct component of the apoptotic process (membrane alterations, DNA degradation, and caspase-3 activity), our study pinpoints TSLP as a novel survival factor of dermal MCs. TSLP confers apoptosis resistance via concomitant activation of the TSLP/ signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-5 / myeloid cell leukemia (Mcl)-1 route and a newly uncovered TSLP/ c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK)/ B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-xL axis, as evidenced by RNA interference and pharmacological inhibition. Our findings highlight the potential contribution of TSLP to the MC supportive niche of the skin and, vice versa, highlight MCs as crucial responders to TSLP in the context of TSLP-driven disorders.
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Wilcock A, Bahri R, Bulfone‐Paus S, Arkwright PD. Mast cell disorders: From infancy to maturity. Allergy 2019; 74:53-63. [PMID: 30390314 DOI: 10.1111/all.13657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells are typically linked to immediate hypersensitivity and anaphylaxis. This review looks beyond this narrow role, focusing on how these cells have evolved and diversified via natural selection promoting serine protease gene duplication, augmenting their innate host defense function against helminths and snake envenomation. Plasticity of mast cell genes has come at a price. Somatic activating mutations in the mast cell growth factor KIT gene cause cutaneous mastocytosis in young children and systemic mastocytosis with a more guarded prognosis in adults who may also harbor other gene mutations with oncogenic potential as they age. Allelic TPSAB1 gene duplication associated with higher basal mast cell tryptase is possibly one of the commonest autosomal dominantly inherited multi-system diseases affecting the skin, gastrointestinal tract, circulation and musculoskeletal system. Mast cells are also establishing a new-found importance in severe asthma, and in remodeling of blood vessels in cancer and atherosclerotic vascular disease. Furthermore, recent evidence suggests that mast cells sense changes in oxygen tension, particularly in neonates, and that subsequent degranulation may contribute to common lung, eye, and brain diseases of prematurity classically associated with hypoxic insults. One hundred and forty years since Paul Ehrlich's initial description of "mastzellen," this review collates and highlights the complex and diverse roles that mast cells play in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Wilcock
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Rajia Bahri
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Silvia Bulfone‐Paus
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Peter D. Arkwright
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation University of Manchester Manchester UK
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Reinhart R, Rohner L, Wicki S, Fux M, Kaufmann T. BH3 mimetics efficiently induce apoptosis in mouse basophils and mast cells. Cell Death Differ 2017; 25:204-216. [PMID: 28960207 PMCID: PMC5729523 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2017.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Basophil granulocytes and mast cells are recognized for their roles in immunity and are central effectors of diverse immunological disorders. Despite their similarities, there is emerging evidence for non-redundant roles of the circulating yet scarce basophils and tissue-resident mast cells, respectively. Because of their importance in allergic pathogenesis, specific induction of apoptosis in basophils and mast cells may represent an interesting novel treatment strategy. The pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-3 serves as a key factor for basophil and mouse mast cell survival. Interleukin-3 increases the expression of anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family members, such as BCL-2, BCL-XL or MCL-1; however, little is known how strongly these individual proteins contribute to basophil survival. Here, we were applying small molecule inhibitors called BH3 mimetics, some of which show remarkable success in cancer treatments, to neutralize the function of anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family members. We observed that expression levels of anti-apoptotic BCL-2 proteins do not necessarily correlate with their respective importance for basophil survival. Whereas naive in vitro-differentiated mouse basophils efficiently died upon BCL-2 or BCL-XL inhibition, interleukin-3 priming rendered the cells highly resistant toward apoptosis, and this could only be overcome upon combined targeting of BCL-2 and BCL-XL. Of note, human basophils differed from mouse basophils as they depended on BCL-2 and MCL-1, but not on BCL-XL, for their survival at steady state. On the other hand, and in contrast to mouse basophils, MCL-1 proved critical in mediating survival of interleukin-3 stimulated mouse mast cells, whereas BCL-XL seemed dispensable. Taken together, our results indicate that by choosing the right combination of BH3 mimetic compounds, basophils and mast cells can be efficiently killed, even after stimulation with potent pro-survival cytokines such as interleukin-3. Because of the tolerable side effects of BH3 mimetics, targeting basophils or mast cells for apoptosis opens interesting possibilities for novel treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Reinhart
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lionel Rohner
- University Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Simone Wicki
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michaela Fux
- University Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Kaufmann
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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PTD4-apoptin induces Bcl-2-insensitive apoptosis in human cervical carcinoma in vitro and in vivo. Anticancer Drugs 2017; 27:979-87. [PMID: 27548349 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, cervix carcinoma is among the most dangerous cancer types, and novel therapies are under development. Cancer treatments are often hampered because of lack of specificity. The chicken anemia virus-derived apoptin induces apoptosis selectively in tumor cells and leaves normal cells unharmed. Here, we have carried out in-vitro and in-vivo studies on the cytotoxic effect of apoptin in a cervix carcinoma model. Apoptin was fused to the protein transduction domain 4 (PTD4), enabling delivery of the fusion protein across cellular membranes. PTD4-apoptin protein is located in the nuclei of human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells and in the cytoplasm of normal cells L02. By MTT and flow cytometry analysis, we have proven that PTD4-apoptin protein induced apoptosis in the cervical carcinoma cells. PTD4-apoptin enhanced the level of active executioner caspase-3. Neither caspase-3 activation nor apoptin-induced accumulation of the mitochondrial outer-membrane protein Mfn-2 was affected by ectopic Bcl-2 expression. In contrast, apoptin-mediated AKT activation was inhibited by Bcl-2. In vivo, cervix carcinoma xenografts were treated for 7 days with PTD4-apoptin protein. The PTD4-apoptin treatment induced a decrease in the cervix carcinoma, whereas the PTD4-GFP protein-treated controls expanded significantly. TUNEL analysis showed that PTD4-apoptin protein induced apoptosis in cervix carcinoma cells, in contrast to the control PTD-GFP-treated ones. Our results indicate that apoptin is a potential anticancer agent for treating cervix carcinoma.
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12
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Apoptotic resistance of human skin mast cells is mediated by Mcl-1. Cell Death Discov 2017; 3:17048. [PMID: 28845295 PMCID: PMC5563844 DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2017.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are major effector cells of allergic reactions and contribute to multiple other pathophysiological processes. MCs are long-lived in the tissue microenvironment, in which they matured, but it remains ill-defined how longevity is established by the natural habitat, as research on human MCs chiefly employs cells generated and expanded in culture. In this study, we report that naturally differentiated skin MCs exhibit substantial resilience to cell death with considerable portions surviving up to 3 days in the complete absence of growth factors (GF). This was evidenced by kinetic resolution of membrane alterations (Annexin-V, YoPro), DNA degradation (propidium iodide), mitochondrial membrane disruption (Depsipher), and Caspase-3 activity. Because of the high basal survival, further protection by SCF was modest. Conversely, survival was severely compromised by staurosporine, implying functional caspase machinery. Contrary to the resistance of freshly purified MCs, their culture-expanded counterpart readily underwent cell death upon GF deprivation. Searching for the molecular underpinnings explaining the difference, we identified Mcl-1 as a critical protector. In fact, silencing Mcl-1 by RNAi led to impaired survival in skin MCs ex vivo, but not their cultured equivalent. Therefore, MCs matured in the skin have not only higher expression of Mcl-1 than proliferating MCs, but also greater reliance on Mcl-1 for their survival. Collectively, we report that human skin MCs display low susceptibility to cell death through vast expression of Mcl-1, which protects from mortality and may contribute to MC longevity in the tissue.
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13
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Gao H, Deng H, Xu H, Yang Q, Zhou Y, Zhang J, Zhao D, Liu F. MicroRNA-223 promotes mast cell apoptosis by targeting the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor. Exp Ther Med 2016; 11:2171-2176. [PMID: 27284298 PMCID: PMC4887759 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to examine the functional role of miR-223 in the regulation of mast cell apoptosis. Overexpressed miR-223 in mast cells transfected by Lipofectamine 2000 was used as a model, and miR-223 was found to promote mast cell apoptosis. To investigate the underlying mechanisms involved, the potential and putative target molecules of miR-223 were detected by bioinformatical analysis using predictive software, and western blotting. Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) was found to be the functional target of miR-223 in the promotion of cell apoptosis. The downstream PI3K/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway was also inhibited, and signaling was mediated by IGF-1R. Furthermore, the relative luciferase activity of the reporter containing the 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR) of IGF-1R was significantly suppressed, while suppression of miR-223-inhibited IGF-1R protein expression was also observed. In conclusion, the results suggest that IGF-1R is the functional target for miR-223 promotion of cell apoptosis, and its downstream PI3K/Akt signaling pathway was suppressed by miR-223 through targeting of IGF-1R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Gao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China; Department of Pediatrics, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
| | - Huan Deng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Qianyuan Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yao Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Jiamin Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Deyu Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
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14
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Wang LD, Rao TN, Rowe RG, Nguyen PT, Sullivan JL, Pearson DS, Doulatov S, Wu L, Lindsley RC, Zhu H, DeAngelo DJ, Daley GQ, Wagers AJ. The role of Lin28b in myeloid and mast cell differentiation and mast cell malignancy. Leukemia 2015; 29:1320-30. [PMID: 25655194 PMCID: PMC4456252 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2015.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are critical components of the innate immune system and important for host defense, allergy, autoimmunity, tissue regeneration and tumor progression. Dysregulated MC development leads to systemic mastocytosis (SM), a clinically variable but often devastating family of hematologic disorders. Here we report that induced expression of Lin28, a heterochronic gene and pluripotency factor implicated in driving a fetal hematopoietic program, caused MC accumulation in adult mice in target organs such as the skin and peritoneal cavity. In vitro assays revealed a skewing of myeloid commitment in LIN28B-expressing hematopoietic progenitors, with increased levels of LIN28B in common myeloid and basophil-MC progenitors altering gene expression patterns to favor cell fate choices that enhanced MC specification. In addition, LIN28B-induced MCs appeared phenotypically and functionally immature, and in vitro assays suggested a slowing of MC terminal differentiation in the context of LIN28B upregulation. Finally, interrogation of human MC leukemia samples revealed upregulation of LIN28B in abnormal MCs from patients with SM. This work identifies Lin28 as a novel regulator of innate immune function and a new protein of interest in MC disease.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Animals
- Blotting, Western
- Bone Marrow Transplantation
- Cell Differentiation
- Cells, Cultured
- DNA-Binding Proteins/physiology
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Hematopoiesis/physiology
- Humans
- Leukemia, Mast-Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia, Mast-Cell/pathology
- Leukemia, Mast-Cell/therapy
- Male
- Mast Cells/cytology
- Mast Cells/metabolism
- Mastocytosis, Systemic/metabolism
- Mastocytosis, Systemic/pathology
- Mastocytosis, Systemic/therapy
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Middle Aged
- Myeloid Cells/cytology
- Myeloid Cells/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo D. Wang
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tata Nageswara Rao
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - R. Grant Rowe
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Phi T. Nguyen
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jessica L. Sullivan
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Daniel S. Pearson
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sergei Doulatov
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Linwei Wu
- Children’s Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Organ Transplant Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - R. Coleman Lindsley
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hao Zhu
- Children’s Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Daniel J. DeAngelo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - George Q. Daley
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amy J. Wagers
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA
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15
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16
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Ottina E, Lyberg K, Sochalska M, Villunger A, Nilsson GP. Knockdown of the antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family member A1/Bfl-1 protects mice from anaphylaxis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 194:1316-22. [PMID: 25548219 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Many forms of hypersensitivity reactions and allergic responses depend on deregulated mast cell activity. Several reports suggested that the antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family protein Bcl2a1/Bfl-1/A1 plays a critical role in mast cell survival upon activation. However, its in vivo relevance is poorly understood because of quadruplication of the Bcl2a1 gene locus in mice, hindering conventional knockout studies. In this study, we used a mouse model allowing traceable constitutive knockdown of all A1 isoforms expressed in the hematopoietic system by RNA interference. Knockdown of A1 reduced mast cell numbers in the skin and impaired connective tissue-like mast cell survival upon FcεRI-mediated activation in vitro. In contrast, A1 was dispensable for mucosa-like mast cell differentiation and survival. Moreover, knockdown of A1 prevented IgE-mediated passive systemic and cutaneous anaphylaxis in vivo. Our findings demonstrate that A1 is essential for the homeostasis of connective tissue mast cells, identifying A1 as a possible therapeutic target for therapy of certain types of mast cell-driven allergy symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Ottina
- Division of Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; and
| | - Katarina Lyberg
- Clinical Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, S-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maja Sochalska
- Division of Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; and
| | - Andreas Villunger
- Division of Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; and
| | - Gunnar P Nilsson
- Clinical Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, S-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
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17
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Molecular targets on mast cells and basophils for novel therapies. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 134:530-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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18
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Kovarova M, Koller BH. PGE₂ promotes apoptosis induced by cytokine deprivation through EP3 receptor and induces Bim in mouse mast cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102948. [PMID: 25054560 PMCID: PMC4108439 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased mast cell numbers are observed at sites of allergic inflammation and restoration of normal mast cell numbers is critical to the resolution of these responses. Early studies showed that cytokines protect mast cells from apoptosis, suggesting a simple model in which diminished cytokine levels during resolution leads to cell death. The report that prostaglandins can contribute both to recruitment and to the resolution of inflammation together with the demonstration that mast cells express all four PGE2 receptors raises the question of whether a single PGE2 receptor mediates the ability of PGE2 to regulate mast cell survival and apoptosis. We report here that PGE2 through the EP3 receptor promotes cell death of mast cells initiated by cytokine withdrawal. Furthermore, the ability of PGE2 to limit reconstitution of tissues with cultured mast cells is lost in cell lacking the EP3 receptor. Apoptosis is accompanied by higher dissipation of mitochondrial potential (ΔΨm), increased caspase-3 activation, chromatin condensation, and low molecular weight DNA cleavage. PGE2 augmented cell death is dependent on an increase in intracellular calcium release, calmodulin dependent kinase II and MAPK activation. Synergy between the EP3 pathway and the intrinsic mitochondrial apoptotic pathway results in increased Bim expression and higher sensitivity of mast cells to cytokine deprivation. This supports a model in which PGE2 can contribute to the resolution of inflammation in part by augmenting the removal of inflammatory cells in this case, mast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Kovarova
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Beverly H. Koller
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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19
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Abstract
Mast cells (MC) are potent innate immune cells that accumulate in chronically inflamed tissues. MC express the IL-33 receptor IL-1 receptor-related protein ST2 at high level, and this IL-1 family cytokine both activates MC directly and primes them to respond to other proinflammatory signals. Whether IL-33 and ST2 play a role in MC survival remains to be defined. In skin-derived human MC, we found that IL-33 attenuated MC apoptosis without altering proliferation, an effect mediated principally through the antiapoptotic molecule B-cell lymphoma-X large (BCLXL). Murine MC demonstrated a similar mechanism, dependent entirely on ST2. In line with these observations, St2(-/-) mice exhibited reduced numbers of tissue MC in inflamed arthritic joints, in helminth-infected intestine, and in normal peritoneum. To confirm an MC-intrinsic role for ST2 in vivo, we performed peritoneal transfer of WT and St2(-/-) MC. In St2(-/-) hosts treated with IL-33 and in WT hosts subjected to thioglycollate peritonitis, WT MC displayed a clear survival advantage over coengrafted St2(-/-) MC. IL-33 blockade specifically attenuated this survival advantage, confirming IL-33 as the relevant ST2 ligand mediating MC survival in vivo. Together, these data reveal a cell-intrinsic role for the IL-33/ST2 axis in the regulation of apoptosis in MC, identifying thereby a previously unappreciated pathway supporting expansion of the MC population with inflammation.
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20
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Wechsler JB, Hsu CL, Bryce PJ. IgE-mediated mast cell responses are inhibited by thymol-mediated, activation-induced cell death in skin inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 133:1735-43. [PMID: 24486068 PMCID: PMC4040322 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mast cells play a critical role in inflammatory skin diseases through releasing proinflammatory mediators; however, few therapies directly target these cells. In 1878, the use of topical thymol, a now recognized potent agonist for transient receptor potential channels, was first described to treat eczema and psoriasis. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the mechanisms through which thymol can alter skin inflammation. METHODS We examined the effect of topical thymol on IgE-dependent responses using a mast cell-dependent passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) model, as well as in vitro-cultured mast cells. RESULTS Thymol dose-dependently inhibited PCA when administered topically 24 hours before antigen challenge but provoked an ear-swelling response directly on application. This direct effect was associated with local mast cell degranulation and was absent in histamine-deficient mice. However, unlike with PCA responses, there was no late-phase swelling. In vitro thymol directly triggered calcium flux in mast cells through transient receptor potential channel activation, along with degranulation and cytokine transcription. However, no cytokine protein was produced. Instead, thymol induced a significant increase in apoptotic cell death that was seen both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS We propose that the efficacy of thymol in reducing IgE-dependent responses is through promotion of activation-induced apoptotic cell death of mast cells and that this likely explains the clinical benefits observed in early clinical reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua B Wechsler
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Chia-Lin Hsu
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Paul J Bryce
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill.
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21
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Heger K, Fierens K, Vahl JC, Aszodi A, Peschke K, Schenten D, Hammad H, Beyaert R, Saur D, van Loo G, Roers A, Lambrecht BN, Kool M, Schmidt-Supprian M. A20-deficient mast cells exacerbate inflammatory responses in vivo. PLoS Biol 2014; 12:e1001762. [PMID: 24453940 PMCID: PMC3891641 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells, best known as effector cells in pathogenic immunoglobulin-mediated responses, can sense a variety of “danger” signals; if manipulated to enhance their resulting inflammatory responses, they also exacerbate inflammatory diseases such as arthritis and lung inflammation. Mast cells are implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. However, this notion based on studies in mast cell-deficient mice is controversial. We therefore established an in vivo model for hyperactive mast cells by specifically ablating the NF-κB negative feedback regulator A20. While A20 deficiency did not affect mast cell degranulation, it resulted in amplified pro-inflammatory responses downstream of IgE/FcεRI, TLRs, IL-1R, and IL-33R. As a consequence house dust mite- and IL-33-driven lung inflammation, late phase cutaneous anaphylaxis, and collagen-induced arthritis were aggravated, in contrast to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and immediate anaphylaxis. Our results provide in vivo evidence that hyperactive mast cells can exacerbate inflammatory disorders and define diseases that might benefit from therapeutic intervention with mast cell function. Mast cells mediate allergic and anaphylactic immune reactions. They are also equipped with innate pattern recognition, cytokine, and alarmin receptors, which induce inflammatory responses. Correlative studies in human patients hinted at roles for mast cells in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. However, studies using mast cell-deficient mice have yielded contradictory results in this context. In this study we determined that A20, the negative feedback regulator, restricts inflammation downstream of the mast cell antigen (allergen) receptor module, innate pattern recognition receptors, and the alarmin receptor IL-33R. By mast cell–specific ablation of A20 we established a mouse model for exaggerated inflammatory but normal anaphylactic mast cell signaling. With these mice we evaluated the impact of increased mast cell-mediated inflammation under experimental conditions aimed at mimicking several inflammatory human diseases. Our results demonstrated that the lack of A20 from mast cells exacerbated disease in mouse models for rheumatoid arthritis and innate forms of asthma, but did not impact disease progression in a mouse model for multiple sclerosis. Our data provide direct evidence that enhanced inflammatory mast cell responses can contribute to disease pathology and do so via sensing and amplifying local inflammatory reactions driven by “danger” stimuli and/or tissue damage that leads to the release of alarmins.
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MESH Headings
- Anaphylaxis/chemically induced
- Anaphylaxis/immunology
- Anaphylaxis/metabolism
- Anaphylaxis/pathology
- Animals
- Arthritis, Experimental/chemically induced
- Arthritis, Experimental/immunology
- Arthritis, Experimental/metabolism
- Arthritis, Experimental/pathology
- Collagen Type II/administration & dosage
- Cysteine Endopeptidases
- DNA-Binding Proteins/deficiency
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/immunology
- Dinitrophenols/administration & dosage
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/chemically induced
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/metabolism
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Gene Expression
- Immunoglobulin E/genetics
- Immunoglobulin E/immunology
- Interleukin-1 Receptor-Like 1 Protein
- Interleukin-33
- Interleukins/genetics
- Interleukins/immunology
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/deficiency
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/immunology
- Lung/immunology
- Lung/metabolism
- Lung/pathology
- Male
- Mast Cells/immunology
- Mast Cells/metabolism
- Mast Cells/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein/administration & dosage
- NF-kappa B/genetics
- NF-kappa B/immunology
- Peptide Fragments/administration & dosage
- Pneumonia/chemically induced
- Pneumonia/immunology
- Pneumonia/metabolism
- Pneumonia/pathology
- Pyroglyphidae/immunology
- Receptors, IgE/genetics
- Receptors, IgE/immunology
- Receptors, Interleukin/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin/immunology
- Receptors, Interleukin-1/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin-1/immunology
- Serum Albumin, Bovine/administration & dosage
- Toll-Like Receptors/genetics
- Toll-Like Receptors/immunology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha-Induced Protein 3
- Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/deficiency
- Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/genetics
- Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Heger
- Molecular Immunology and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Kaat Fierens
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
- Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Ghent, Belgium
| | - J. Christoph Vahl
- Molecular Immunology and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Attila Aszodi
- Department of Surgery, Ludwig Maximilians Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Katrin Peschke
- Institute for Immunology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Dominik Schenten
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Hamida Hammad
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
- Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rudi Beyaert
- Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dieter Saur
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Geert van Loo
- Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Axel Roers
- Institute for Immunology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Bart N. Lambrecht
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
- Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam Kool
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
- Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Schmidt-Supprian
- Molecular Immunology and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
- * E-mail:
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22
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Kim DK, Kim HS, Kim AR, Kim JH, Kim B, Noh G, Kim HS, Beaven MA, Kim YM, Choi WS. DJ-1 regulates mast cell activation and IgE-mediated allergic responses. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 131:1653-62. [PMID: 23182168 PMCID: PMC3594621 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Revised: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND DJ-1 is an antioxidant protein known to reduce levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), but its presence or function in mast cells and allergic diseases is unknown. OBJECTIVES We sought to determine the role and mechanism of DJ-1 in allergic responses in vitro and in vivo. METHODS ROS and DJ-1 levels in serum or culture medium were measured with ELISA kits. The role of DJ-1 was evaluated in mast cell cultures and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in normal or DJ-1 knockout (KO) mice. The mechanism of DJ-1 action was examined by using immunoblotting, immunoprecipitation, RT-PCR, and other molecular biological approaches. RESULTS Patients with atopic dermatitis had increased levels of ROS and diminished levels of DJ-1. DJ-1 KO mice exhibited enhanced passive cutaneous anaphylaxis and augmented ROS levels in sera and bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs). Furthermore, antigen-induced degranulation and production of TNF-α and IL-4 were significantly amplified in DJ-1 KO and anti-DJ-1 small interfering RNA-transfected BMMCs compared with that seen in wild-type (WT) BMMCs. Studies with these cells and BMMCs transfected with small interfering RNAs against the phosphatases Src homology domain 2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase (SHP) 1 and SHP-2 revealed that the DJ-1 KO phenotype could be attributed to suppression of SHP-1 activity and enhancement of SHP-2 activity, leading to strengthened signaling through linker for activation of T cells, phospholipase Cγ, and mitogen-activated protein kinases. CONCLUSIONS A deficiency or constitutive activation of DJ-1 can have implications in mast cell-driven allergic diseases, such as asthma and anaphylaxis.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Animals
- Antigens/immunology
- Bone Marrow Cells/immunology
- Bone Marrow Cells/metabolism
- Cell Degranulation/immunology
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Cytokines/biosynthesis
- Dermatitis, Atopic/immunology
- Dermatitis, Atopic/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Humans
- Hypersensitivity, Immediate/genetics
- Hypersensitivity, Immediate/immunology
- Hypersensitivity, Immediate/metabolism
- Interleukin-4/metabolism
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/blood
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
- Male
- Mast Cells/immunology
- Mast Cells/metabolism
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Middle Aged
- Oncogene Proteins/blood
- Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis
- Phosphoproteins/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- Protein Deglycase DJ-1
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11/metabolism
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6/metabolism
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fyn/metabolism
- RNA Interference
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Receptors, IgE/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Syk Kinase
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Kyun Kim
- Department of Immunology and physiology, Functional Genomics Institute, College of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju
| | - Hyuk Soon Kim
- Department of Immunology and physiology, Functional Genomics Institute, College of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju
| | - A-Ram Kim
- Department of Immunology and physiology, Functional Genomics Institute, College of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju
| | - Ji Hyung Kim
- Department of Immunology and physiology, Functional Genomics Institute, College of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju
| | - Bokyung Kim
- Department of Immunology and physiology, Functional Genomics Institute, College of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju
| | - Geunwoong Noh
- Subdivision of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon
| | - Hyung Sik Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan
| | - Michael A. Beaven
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Young Mi Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women’s University, Seoul
| | - Wahn Soo Choi
- Department of Immunology and physiology, Functional Genomics Institute, College of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju
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23
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Pothen JJ, Poynter ME, Bates JHT. The inflammatory twitch as a general strategy for controlling the host response. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:3510-6. [PMID: 23427255 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1202595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Allergic inflammation is a general host-defense mechanism for dealing with perceived foreign invaders. Although most effort has been directed toward understanding how this response gets turned on, how it gets turned off again when no longer needed is just as important to an organism's survival. We postulate that the control of the allergic inflammatory response is achieved via frequency modulation whereby a sequence of self-resolving events is repetitively invoked only so long as Ag is present. This leads to the notion of a unitary inflammatory event that we argue has formal similarity to the skeletal muscle twitch, albeit manifest over a much longer time scale. To test the plausibility of this hypothesis, we created an agent-based computational model of the allergic inflammatory response in the lungs. Continual stimulation of the model results in cycles of tissue damage and repair interspersed with periods of nonresponsiveness indicative of a refractory period. These findings are consistent with the inflammatory twitch hypothesis and the notion that the allergic inflammatory response is controlled via frequency modulation. We speculate that chronic inflammatory diseases may represent a failure of the inflammatory twitch to resolve toward baseline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Pothen
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The immunosuppressive drug cyclosporine (CsA) is a potent agent widely used after organ transplantations and to treat various autoimmune disorders. After using CsA, some patients suffer severe complications including renal and vascular toxicity, which are influenced by the degree of the endothelial damage. Several studies have demonstrated CsA treatment to directly induce apoptosis in several cell types. Thus, CsA may induce endothelial damage via activation of proapoptotic proteins. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of CsA on apoptosis of endothelial cells using human umbilical vein endothelial cells. METHODS Proliferation was measured by using the Cell Counting Assay Kit after cells were exposed to CsA (0 L, 10 L, 30 L, 50 L or 100 μg/mL). Apoptotic cells were identified by fluorescence microscopy of 4', 6-diamidino-2-phenylidole-stained nuclei. Western blot analysis was done for poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), p27, p53 and caspase. RESULTS Cell viability decreased dependent on the CsA concentration. CsA treatment group showed chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation. CsA produced a dose-dependent induction of p27 and reduction of procasapase-3. CsA treatment induced the degradation of 116-kDa PARP into an 89-kDa fragment. CONCLUSIONS CsA induced apoptosis of endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Hwang
- Institute for Medical Science, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea
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Fang Y, Larsson L, Bruhns P, Xiang Z. Apoptosis of mouse mast cells is reciprocally regulated by the IgG receptors FcγRIIB and FcγRIIIA. Allergy 2012; 67:1233-40. [PMID: 22845035 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2012.02878.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mast cells are important effector cells in allergy. They usually have a long life span and resist cell death induction. Fcγ receptor- and IgG immune complex-mediated apoptosis has been demonstrated in B-lineage cells, but not in mast cells. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether mast cells could respond to apoptosis induction by IgG immune complex aggregation of Fcγ receptors. It is known that mouse mast cells express the low-affinity Fcγ receptors FcγRIIB and FcγRIIIA, which bind IgG especially in the form of antigen-IgG immune complexes. METHODS Mouse bone marrow-derived cultured mast cells were examined for surface expression of FcγRIIB and FcγRIIIA. Apoptosis of such cells from wild-type, FcγRIIB(-/-) or FcγRIIIA(-/-) mice was measured following receptor aggregation by IgG immune complexes. RESULTS Our data demonstrate that aggregation of either FcγRIIB or FcγRIIIA by IgG immune complexes induced apoptosis of mouse bone marrow-derived cultured mast cells. However, mast cells expressing both FcγRIIB and FcγRIIIA were able to resist cell death induction by IgG immune complexes. CONCLUSION Our findings reveal a fine-tuning system for regulating mast cell apoptosis through aggregating Fcγ receptors by IgG immune complexes. Such apoptosis regulation may have a substantial impact on mast cell homeostasis during allergic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Fang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang, China
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Fang Y, Larsson L, Bruhns P, Xiang Z. Apoptosis of mouse mast cells is reciprocally regulated by the IgG receptors FcγRIIB and FcγRIIIA. Allergy 2012. [PMID: 22845035 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2012.02878.x.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mast cells are important effector cells in allergy. They usually have a long life span and resist cell death induction. Fcγ receptor- and IgG immune complex-mediated apoptosis has been demonstrated in B-lineage cells, but not in mast cells. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether mast cells could respond to apoptosis induction by IgG immune complex aggregation of Fcγ receptors. It is known that mouse mast cells express the low-affinity Fcγ receptors FcγRIIB and FcγRIIIA, which bind IgG especially in the form of antigen-IgG immune complexes. METHODS Mouse bone marrow-derived cultured mast cells were examined for surface expression of FcγRIIB and FcγRIIIA. Apoptosis of such cells from wild-type, FcγRIIB(-/-) or FcγRIIIA(-/-) mice was measured following receptor aggregation by IgG immune complexes. RESULTS Our data demonstrate that aggregation of either FcγRIIB or FcγRIIIA by IgG immune complexes induced apoptosis of mouse bone marrow-derived cultured mast cells. However, mast cells expressing both FcγRIIB and FcγRIIIA were able to resist cell death induction by IgG immune complexes. CONCLUSION Our findings reveal a fine-tuning system for regulating mast cell apoptosis through aggregating Fcγ receptors by IgG immune complexes. Such apoptosis regulation may have a substantial impact on mast cell homeostasis during allergic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Fang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang, China
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Sugawara K, Bíró T, Tsuruta D, Tóth BI, Kromminga A, Zákány N, Zimmer A, Funk W, Gibbs BF, Zimmer A, Paus R. Endocannabinoids limit excessive mast cell maturation and activation in human skin. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 129:726-738.e8. [PMID: 22226549 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Revised: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mast cells (MCs) crucially contribute to many inflammatory diseases. However, the physiological controls preventing excessive activities of MCs in human skin are incompletely understood. OBJECTIVE Since endocannabinoids are important neuroendocrine MC modifiers, we investigated how stimulation/inhibition of cannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptors affect the biology of human skin MCs in situ. METHODS This was investigated in the MC-rich connective tissue sheath of organ-cultured human scalp hair follicles by quantitative (immuno)histomorphometry, ultrastructural, and quantitative PCR techniques with the use of CB1 agonists or antagonists, CB1 knockdown, or CB1 knockout mice. RESULTS Kit+ MCs within the connective tissue sheath of human hair follicles express functional CB1 receptors, whose pharmacological blockade or gene silencing significantly stimulated both the degranulation and the maturation of MCs from resident progenitor cells in situ (ie, enhanced the number of tryptase+, FcεRIα, or chymase+ connective tissue sheath-MCs). This was, at least in part, stem cell factor-dependent. CB1 agonists counteracted the MC-activating effects of classical MC secretagogues. Similar phenomena were observed in CB1 knockout mice, attesting to the in vivo relevance of this novel MC-inhibitory mechanism. CONCLUSION By using human hair follicle organ culture as an unconventional, but clinically relevant model system for studying the biology of MCs in situ, we show that normal skin MCs are tightly controlled by the endocannabinoid system. This limits excessive activation and maturation of MCs from resident progenitors via "tonic" CB1 stimulation by locally synthesized endocannabinoids. The excessive numbers and activation of MCs in allergic and other chronic inflammatory skin diseases may partially arise from resident intracutaneous MC progenitors, for example, because of insufficient CB1 stimulation. Therefore, CB1 stimulation is a promising strategy for the future management of allergy and MC-dependent skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Sugawara
- Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Department of Dermatology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Mast cell biology: introduction and overview. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2011; 716:2-12. [PMID: 21713648 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-9533-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the field of mast cell biology has expanded well beyond the boundaries of atopic disorders and anaphy laxis, on which it has been historically focused. The biochemical and signaling events responsible for the development and regulation of mast cells has been increasingly studied, aided in large part by novel breakthroughs in laboratory techniques used to study these cells. The result of these studies has been a more comprehensive definition of mast cells that includes added insights to their overall biology as well as the various disease states that can now be traced to defects in mast cells. This introductory chapter outlines and highlights the various topics of mast cell biology that will be discussed in further detail in subsequent chapters.
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