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Raval A, Tanner SM, Byrd JC, Angerman EB, Perko JD, Chen SS, Hackanson B, Grever MR, Lucas DM, Matkovic JJ, Lin TS, Kipps TJ, Murray F, Weisenburger D, Sanger W, Lynch J, Watson P, Jansen M, Yoshinaga Y, Rosenquist R, de Jong PJ, Coggill P, Beck S, Lynch H, de la Chapelle A, Plass C. Downregulation of death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1) in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Cell 2007; 129:879-90. [PMID: 17540169 PMCID: PMC4647864 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2007.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2006] [Revised: 01/15/2007] [Accepted: 03/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The heritability of B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is relatively high; however, no predisposing mutation has been convincingly identified. We show that loss or reduced expression of death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1) underlies cases of heritable predisposition to CLL and the majority of sporadic CLL. Epigenetic silencing of DAPK1 by promoter methylation occurs in almost all sporadic CLL cases. Furthermore, we defined a disease haplotype, which segregates with the CLL phenotype in a large family. DAPK1 expression of the CLL allele is downregulated by 75% in germline cells due to increased HOXB7 binding. In the blood cells from affected family members, promoter methylation results in additional loss of DAPK1 expression. Thus, reduced expression of DAPK1 can result from germline predisposition, as well as epigenetic or somatic events causing or contributing to the CLL phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Raval
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, Human Cancer Genetics Program, The Comprehensive Cancer Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43214, USA
| | - Stephan M. Tanner
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, Human Cancer Genetics Program, The Comprehensive Cancer Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43214, USA
| | - John C. Byrd
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43214, USA
| | - Elizabeth B. Angerman
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, Human Cancer Genetics Program, The Comprehensive Cancer Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43214, USA
| | - James D. Perko
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, Human Cancer Genetics Program, The Comprehensive Cancer Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43214, USA
| | - Shih-Shih Chen
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, Human Cancer Genetics Program, The Comprehensive Cancer Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43214, USA
| | - Björn Hackanson
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, Human Cancer Genetics Program, The Comprehensive Cancer Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43214, USA
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael R. Grever
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43214, USA
| | - David M. Lucas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43214, USA
| | - Jennifer J. Matkovic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43214, USA
| | - Thomas S. Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43214, USA
| | - Thomas J. Kipps
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Fiona Murray
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dennis Weisenburger
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Creighton University, Omaha, NB 68178, USA
| | - Warren Sanger
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Creighton University, Omaha, NB 68178, USA
| | - Jane Lynch
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Creighton University, Omaha, NB 68178, USA
| | - Patrice Watson
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Creighton University, Omaha, NB 68178, USA
| | - Mary Jansen
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Creighton University, Omaha, NB 68178, USA
| | - Yuko Yoshinaga
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA 94609, USA
| | - Richard Rosenquist
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Pieter J. de Jong
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA 94609, USA
| | - Penny Coggill
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephan Beck
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Henry Lynch
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Creighton University, Omaha, NB 68178, USA
| | - Albert de la Chapelle
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, Human Cancer Genetics Program, The Comprehensive Cancer Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43214, USA
- Corresponding author
| | - Christoph Plass
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, Human Cancer Genetics Program, The Comprehensive Cancer Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43214, USA
- Corresponding author
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Greene WK, Ford J, Dixon D, Tilbrook PA, Watt PM, Klinken SP, Kees UR. Enforced expression of HOX11 is associated with an immature phenotype in J2E erythroid cells. Br J Haematol 2002; 118:909-17. [PMID: 12181065 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2002.03704.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The HOX11 gene encodes a homeodomain transcription factor that is essential for spleen development during embryogenesis. HOX11 is also leukaemogenic, both through its clinical association with childhood T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, and its ability to immortalize other haematopoietic cell lineages experimentally. To examine the pathological role of HOX11 in tumorigenesis, we constitutively expressed HOX11 cDNA in J2E murine erythroleukaemic cells, which are capable of terminal differentiation. Enforced HOX11 expression was found to induce a profound alteration in J2E cellular morphology and differentiation status. Our analyses revealed that HOX11 produced clones with a preponderance of less differentiated cells that were highly adherent to plastic. Morphologically, the cells overexpressing HOX11 were larger and had decreased globin levels, as well as a reduction in haemoglobin synthesis in response to erythropoietin (EPO). Immunocytochemical analysis confirmed the immature erythroid phenotype imposed by HOX11, with clones transfected with HOX11 demonstrating expression of the c-Kit stem cell marker, while retaining EPO receptor expression. Taken together, these results show that HOX11 alters erythroid differentiation, favouring a less mature progenitor-like stage. This supports the notion that disrupted haematopoietic cell differentiation is responsible for pre-leukaemic immortalization by the HOX11 oncoprotein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne K Greene
- Division of Children's Leukaemia and Cancer Research, TVW Telethon Institute for Child Health Research and Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, West Perth, Australia.
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Mammalian Homeobox B6 Expression Can Be Correlated With Erythropoietin Production Sites and Erythropoiesis During Development, But Not With Hematopoietic or Nonhematopoietic Stem Cell Populations. Blood 1997. [DOI: 10.1182/blood.v89.8.2723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
There has been increasing interest in the involvement of mammalian homeobox (HOX) genes in hematopoietic regulation. The HOX genes are clustered in 4 chromosomes in mice and humans. In general, 5′ end HOX gene expression is predominant in hematopoietic stem cell populations, whereas 3′ end HOX gene expression are primarily found in committed progenitor cells. Furthermore, HOX genes of the A cluster are generally found in myelomonocytic cells, B cluster genes in erythropoietic cells, and C cluster genes in lymphoid cells. The results presented here concentrate on a single gene, namely HOX B6. Preliminary observations using whole mount in situ hybridization showed that both HOX B6 and erythropoietin (EPO) gene expression occurred in exactly the same areas of the 8.5-day mouse embryo. As a consequence, we studied the expression of HOX B6 and EPO gene expression from 6.5 to 19.5 days of gestation, in the neonate, and in the adult. It was found that the sequential transfer of erythropoiesis in different organs during development was followed by a similar transfer of HOX B6 and EPO gene expression. Between days 16.5 and 17.5, both HOX B6 and EPO gene expression decrease in the fetal liver, even though hepatic erythropoiesis continues to decline and is transferred to the fetal spleen. Precisely at this time point, HOX B6 and EPO gene expression are transferred to both the fetal spleen and fetal kidney. However, surprisingly, expression of both genes increases again in the fetal liver just before birth. HOX B6 is expressed in cells from in vitro erythropoietic colonies (colony-forming unit-erythroid and burst-forming unit-erythroid) and TER-119+ erythroid cells but not in hematopoietic or nonhematopoietic stem cell populations. When the latter two populations are allowed to differentiate into erythropoietic cells, HOX B6 and erythroid-relevant markers are expressed. The results indicate that HOX B6 is intimately involved in the regulation of the erythropoietic system and could be a marker for this lineage.
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Lawrence HJ, Sauvageau G, Humphries RK, Largman C. The role of HOX homeobox genes in normal and leukemic hematopoiesis. Stem Cells 1996; 14:281-91. [PMID: 8724694 DOI: 10.1002/stem.140281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A sizable amount of new data points to a role for the HOX family of homeobox genes in hematopoiesis. Recent studies have demonstrated that HOXA and HOXB genes are expressed in human CD34+ cells, and are downregulated as cells leave the CD34+ compartment. In addition, expression of certain genes, including HOXB3 and HOXB4, is largely restricted to the long-term culture-initiating cell enriched pool, containing the putative stem cell population. Studies have also shown that HOX genes appear to be important for normal T lymphocyte and activated natural killer cell function. Overexpression of Hox-b4 in transplanted murine marrow cell results in a dramatic expansion of stem cells, while maintaining normal peripheral blood counts. In contrast, overexpression of Hox-a10 resulted in expansion of progenitor pools, accompanied by unique changes in the differentiation patterns of committed progenitors. Overexpression of Hox-a10 or Hox-b8 led to the development of myeloid leukemias, while animals transfected with marrow cells overexpressing Hox-b4 do not appear to develop malignancies. Blockade of HOX gene function using antisense oligonucleotides has revealed that several HOX genes appear to influence either myeloid or erythroid colony formation. Mice homozygous for a targeted disruption of the HOX-a9 gene show reduced numbers of granulocytes and lymphocytes, smaller spleens and thymuses, and reduced numbers of committed progenitors. These studies demonstrate that HOX homeobox genes play a role in both the early stem cell function as well as in later stages of hematopoietic differentiation, and that perturbations of HOX gene expression can be leukemogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Lawrence
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
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Mathews CH, Detmer K, Lawrence HJ, Largman C. Expression of the Hox 2.2 homeobox gene in murine embryonic epidermis. Differentiation 1993; 52:177-84. [PMID: 8097172 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-0436.1993.tb00628.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The expression of the Hox 2.2 gene was studied in mouse fetal skin by in situ hybridization with an antisense RNA probe derived from the homeobox region of this gene. In contrast to the expression of Hox 2.2 in spinal cord, which is strongest in 11-day embryos, and is greatly diminished by day 14 and day 17, the signal for Hox 2.2 in skin could be not be detected in 11-day epidermis, was barely detectable on day 14, became strong on day 17, and decreased in new-born animals (day 19). RNase protection assays using Hox 2.2 homeobox-containing and 3' flanking region probes confirmed that the signals detected in 17-day fetal skin by in situ hybridization represent Hox 2.2 transcripts, and that the message is expressed throughout the day 15 to day 18 period during which the epidermis is undergoing terminal differentiation. RNase protection analysis also revealed two alternatively spliced forms of the Hox 2.2 mRNA are present throughout fetal skin development. Northern gel analysis of 17-day fetal skin using a Hox 2.2 homeobox-containing probe at high stringency showed two bands of 1.6 and 1.9 kb, respectively. The 1.9 kb band was greatly enhanced by hybridization at reduced stringency, suggesting the expression of additional homeobox genes with homology to Hox 2.2. These results suggest that the Hox 2.2 homeobox gene plays a role in epidermal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Mathews
- Department of Internal Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, CA
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