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Mitroi AF, Aschie M, Apostol A, Brinzan C, Cozaru G, Mitroi AN. A boy with 13.34-Mb interstitial deletion of chromosome 4p15: A new case report and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e9301. [PMID: 29390495 PMCID: PMC5758197 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000009301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE To date, >40 cases have been described with interstitial deletions involving the 4p15 region. PATIENT CONCERNS AND DIAGNOSIS We report a case of a 3-year-old boy with an interstitial de novo deletion of approximately 13.34 Mb in 4p15.1-15.31 having mild developmental delay and multiple minor congenital abnormalities. LESSONS This case presents a clinical manifestation that is similar but not identical to other reported cases. In this report, we have provided a detailed description of a 3-year-old patient with an interstitial 4p deletion and mildly affected phenotype. We discuss the possible involvement of SLIT2, KCNIP4, and LGI2 in cortical development and RBPJ in skeletal abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Florentina Mitroi
- Department of Pathology, Emergency Clinical County Hospital of Constanta, Romania
- CEDMOG Center, “Ovidius” University of Constanta, Romania
| | - Mariana Aschie
- Department of Pathology, Emergency Clinical County Hospital of Constanta, Romania
- CEDMOG Center, “Ovidius” University of Constanta, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine, “Ovidius” University of Constanta, Romania
| | - Adriana Apostol
- Department of Pediatrics, Emergency Clinical County Hospital of Constanta, Romania
| | - Costel Brinzan
- Department of Pathology, Emergency Clinical County Hospital of Constanta, Romania
| | - Georgeta Cozaru
- Department of Pathology, Emergency Clinical County Hospital of Constanta, Romania
- CEDMOG Center, “Ovidius” University of Constanta, Romania
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Notch transactivates Rheb to maintain the multipotency of TSC-null cells. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1848. [PMID: 29184052 PMCID: PMC5705704 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01845-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Differentiation abnormalities are a hallmark of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) manifestations; however, the genesis of these abnormalities remains unclear. Here we report on mechanisms controlling the multi-lineage, early neuronal progenitor and neural stem-like cell characteristics of lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) and angiomyolipoma cells. These mechanisms include the activation of a previously unreported Rheb-Notch-Rheb regulatory loop, in which the cyclic binding of Notch1 to the Notch-responsive elements (NREs) on the Rheb promoter is a key event. This binding induces the transactivation of Rheb. The identified NRE2 and NRE3 on the Rheb promoter are important to Notch-dependent promoter activity. Notch cooperates with Rheb to block cell differentiation via similar mechanisms in mouse models of TSC. Cell-specific loss of Tsc1 within nestin-expressing cells in adult mice leads to the formation of kidney cysts, renal intraepithelial neoplasia, and invasive papillary renal carcinoma. Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a rare genetic condition causing tumours with differentiation abnormalities; however the molecular mechanisms causing these defects are unclear. Here the authors show that Notch cooperates with Rheb to block cell differentiation forming a regulatory loop that could underlie TSC tumorigenesis.
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Notch inhibitors and their role in the treatment of triple negative breast cancer: promises and failures. Curr Opin Oncol 2017; 29:411-427. [DOI: 10.1097/cco.0000000000000406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Schwartz AG, Galatz LM, Thomopoulos S. Enthesis regeneration: a role for Gli1+ progenitor cells. Development 2017; 144:1159-1164. [PMID: 28219952 DOI: 10.1242/dev.139303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The tendon enthesis originates from a specific pool of hedgehog-active Gli1+ progenitor cells that differentiate and produce mineralized fibrocartilage. The current study investigated the regenerative capacity of this cell population by comparing the responses of early postnatal and mature entheses to injury. Lineage tracing studies demonstrated that the original Gli1+ cell population had the capacity to heal immature entheses after injury, but this capacity was lost after the cells differentiated into mature fibrochondrocytes. To further examine the involvement of Gli1+ cells and hedgehog signaling in enthesis healing, Gli1 expression was examined via lineage tracing approaches and the effect of Smo deletion was examined in the injured entheses. Immature injured entheses retained high levels of Gli1 expression, a marker of hedgehog activation, consistent with non-injured controls. In contrast, injured mature entheses had few Gli1+ cells early in the healing process, with limited recovery of the cell population later in the healing process. These results suggest that the presence of activated hedgehog signaling in enthesis cells early in the healing process may enhance healing of enthesis injuries by mimicking developmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea G Schwartz
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Leesa M Galatz
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, Mount Sinai Health System, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Stavros Thomopoulos
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Ahi EP. Signalling pathways in trophic skeletal development and morphogenesis: Insights from studies on teleost fish. Dev Biol 2016; 420:11-31. [PMID: 27713057 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
During the development of the vertebrate feeding apparatus, a variety of complicated cellular and molecular processes participate in the formation and integration of individual skeletal elements. The molecular mechanisms regulating the formation of skeletal primordia and their development into specific morphological structures are tightly controlled by a set of interconnected signalling pathways. Some of these pathways, such as Bmp, Hedgehog, Notch and Wnt, are long known for their pivotal roles in craniofacial skeletogenesis. Studies addressing the functional details of their components and downstream targets, the mechanisms of their interactions with other signals as well as their potential roles in adaptive morphological divergence, are currently attracting considerable attention. An increasing number of signalling pathways that had previously been described in different biological contexts have been shown to be important in the regulation of jaw skeletal development and morphogenesis. In this review, I provide an overview of signalling pathways involved in trophic skeletogenesis emphasizing studies of the most species-rich group of vertebrates, the teleost fish, which through their evolutionary history have undergone repeated episodes of spectacular trophic diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Pashay Ahi
- Institute of Zoology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, A-8010 Graz, Austria; Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, Sturlugata 7, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.
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Lin NY, Distler A, Beyer C, Philipi-Schöbinger A, Breda S, Dees C, Stock M, Tomcik M, Niemeier A, Dell'Accio F, Gelse K, Mattson MP, Schett G, Distler JH. Inhibition of Notch1 promotes hedgehog signalling in a HES1-dependent manner in chondrocytes and exacerbates experimental osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2016; 75:2037-2044. [PMID: 26851274 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-208420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Notch ligands and receptors have recently been shown to be differentially expressed in osteoarthritis (OA). We aim to further elucidate the functional role of Notch signalling in OA using Notch1 antisense transgenic (Notch1 AS) mice. METHODS Notch and hedgehog signalling were analysed by real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. Notch-1 AS mice were employed as a model of impaired Notch signalling in vivo. Experimental OA was induced by destabilisation of the medial meniscus (DMM). The extent of cartilage destruction and osteophyte formation was analysed by safranin-O staining with subsequent assessment of the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) and Mankin scores and µCT scanning. Collagen X staining was used as a marker of chondrocyte hypertrophy. The role of hairy/enhancer of split 1 (Hes-1) was investigated with knockdown and overexpression experiments. RESULTS Notch signalling was activated in human and murine OA with increased expression of Jagged1, Notch-1, accumulation of the Notch intracellular domain 1 and increased transcription of Hes-1. Notch1 AS mice showed exacerbated OA with increases in OARSI scores, osteophyte formation, increased subchondral bone plate density, collagen X and osteocalcin expression and elevated levels of Epas1 and ADAM-TS5 mRNA. Inhibition of the Notch pathway induced activation of hedgehog signalling with induction of Gli-1 and Gli-2 and increased transcription of hedgehog target genes. The regulatory effects of Notch signalling on Gli-expression were mimicked by Hes-1. CONCLUSIONS Inhibition of Notch signalling activates hedgehog signalling, enhances chondrocyte hypertrophy and exacerbates experimental OA including osteophyte formation. These data suggest that the activation of the Notch pathway may limit aberrant hedgehog signalling in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neng-Yu Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine III and Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alfiya Distler
- Department of Internal Medicine III and Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Beyer
- Department of Internal Medicine III and Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ariella Philipi-Schöbinger
- Department of Internal Medicine III and Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Silvia Breda
- Department of Internal Medicine III and Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany Division of Rheumatology, University of Pavia, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Clara Dees
- Department of Internal Medicine III and Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Stock
- Department of Internal Medicine III and Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michal Tomcik
- Institute of Rheumatology and Department of Rheumatology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andreas Niemeier
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Francesco Dell'Accio
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
| | - Kolja Gelse
- Division of Trauma Surgery and Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Mark P Mattson
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine III and Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jörg Hw Distler
- Department of Internal Medicine III and Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Jing D, Hao J, Shen Y, Tang G, Li ML, Huang SH, Zhao ZH. The role of microRNAs in bone remodeling. Int J Oral Sci 2015. [PMID: 26208037 PMCID: PMC4582559 DOI: 10.1038/ijos.2015.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone remodeling is balanced by bone formation and bone resorption as well as by alterations in the quantities and functions of seed cells, leading to either the maintenance or deterioration of bone status. The existing evidence indicates that microRNAs (miRNAs), known as a family of short non-coding RNAs, are the key post-transcriptional repressors of gene expression, and growing numbers of novel miRNAs have been verified to play vital roles in the regulation of osteogenesis, osteoclastogenesis, and adipogenesis, revealing how they interact with signaling molecules to control these processes. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the roles of miRNAs in regulating bone remodeling as well as novel applications for miRNAs in biomaterials for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ge Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mei-Le Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shi-Hu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhi-He Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Marongiu M, Marcia L, Pelosi E, Lovicu M, Deiana M, Zhang Y, Puddu A, Loi A, Uda M, Forabosco A, Schlessinger D, Crisponi L. FOXL2 modulates cartilage, skeletal development and IGF1-dependent growth in mice. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2015; 15:27. [PMID: 26134413 PMCID: PMC4489133 DOI: 10.1186/s12861-015-0072-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Haploinsufficiency of the FOXL2 transcription factor in humans causes Blepharophimosis/Ptosis/Epicanthus Inversus syndrome (BPES), characterized by eyelid anomalies and premature ovarian failure. Mice lacking Foxl2 recapitulate human eyelid/forehead defects and undergo female gonadal dysgenesis. We report here that mice lacking Foxl2 also show defects in postnatal growth and embryonic bone and cartilage formation. METHODS Foxl2 (-/-) male mice at different stages of development have been characterized and compared to wild type. Body length and weight were measured and growth curves were created. Skeletons were stained with alcian blue and/or alizarin red. Bone and cartilage formation was analyzed by Von Kossa staining and immunofluorescence using anti-FOXL2 and anti-SOX9 antibodies followed by confocal microscopy. Genes differentially expressed in skull vaults were evaluated by microarray analysis. Analysis of the GH/IGF1 pathway was done evaluating the expression of several hypothalamic-pituitary-bone axis markers by RT-qPCR. RESULTS Compared to wild-type, Foxl2 null mice are smaller and show skeletal abnormalities and defects in cartilage and bone mineralization, with down-regulation of the GH/IGF1 axis. Consistent with these effects, we find FOXL2 expressed in embryos at 9.5 dpc in neural tube epithelium, in head mesenchyme near the neural tube, and within the first branchial arch; then, starting at 12.5 dpc, expressed in cartilaginous tissue; and at PO and P7, in hypothalamus. CONCLUSIONS Our results support FOXL2 as a master transcription factor in a spectrum of developmental processes, including growth, cartilage and bone formation. Its action overlaps that of SOX9, though they are antagonistic in female vs male gonadal sex determination but conjoint in cartilage and skeletal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Marongiu
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, SS 554 km 4500, Monserrato, 09042, Italy.
| | - Loredana Marcia
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, SS 554 km 4500, Monserrato, 09042, Italy. .,Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
| | | | - Mario Lovicu
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, SS 554 km 4500, Monserrato, 09042, Italy.
| | - Manila Deiana
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, SS 554 km 4500, Monserrato, 09042, Italy.
| | - Yonqing Zhang
- Laboratory of Genetics, NIA-IRP, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Alessandro Puddu
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, SS 554 km 4500, Monserrato, 09042, Italy. .,Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Angela Loi
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, SS 554 km 4500, Monserrato, 09042, Italy.
| | - Manuela Uda
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, SS 554 km 4500, Monserrato, 09042, Italy.
| | - Antonino Forabosco
- Cante di Montevecchio Association, Genomic Research Center, Fano, Italy.
| | | | - Laura Crisponi
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, SS 554 km 4500, Monserrato, 09042, Italy.
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Mecham RP, Gibson MA. The microfibril-associated glycoproteins (MAGPs) and the microfibrillar niche. Matrix Biol 2015; 47:13-33. [PMID: 25963142 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The microfibril-associated glycoproteins MAGP-1 and MAGP-2 are extracellular matrix proteins that interact with fibrillin to influence microfibril function. The two proteins are related through a 60 amino acid matrix-binding domain but their sequences differ outside of this region. A distinguishing feature of both proteins is their ability to interact with TGFβ family growth factors, Notch and Notch ligands, and multiple elastic fiber proteins. MAGP-2 can also interact with αvβ3 integrins via a RGD sequence that is not found in MAGP-1. Morpholino knockdown of MAGP-1 expression in zebrafish resulted in abnormal vessel wall architecture and altered vascular network formation. In the mouse, MAGP-1 deficiency had little effect on elastic fibers in blood vessels and lung but resulted in numerous unexpected phenotypes including bone abnormalities, hematopoietic changes, increased fat deposition, diabetes, impaired wound repair, and a bleeding diathesis. Inactivation of the gene for MAGP-2 in mice produced a neutropenia yet had minimal effects on bone or adipose homeostasis. Double knockouts had phenotypes characteristic of each individual knockout as well as several additional traits only seen when both genes are inactivated. A common mechanism underlying all of the traits associated with the knockout phenotypes is altered TGFβ signaling. This review summarizes our current understanding of the function of the MAGPs and discusses ideas related to their role in growth factor regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Mecham
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Mark A Gibson
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
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Briot A, Jaroszewicz A, Warren CM, Lu J, Touma M, Rudat C, Hofmann JJ, Airik R, Weinmaster G, Lyons K, Wang Y, Kispert A, Pellegrini M, Iruela-Arispe ML. Repression of Sox9 by Jag1 is continuously required to suppress the default chondrogenic fate of vascular smooth muscle cells. Dev Cell 2015; 31:707-21. [PMID: 25535917 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2014.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Acquisition and maintenance of vascular smooth muscle fate are essential for the morphogenesis and function of the circulatory system. Loss of contractile properties or changes in the identity of vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) can result in structural alterations associated with aneurysms and vascular wall calcification. Here we report that maturation of sclerotome-derived vSMCs depends on a transcriptional switch between mouse embryonic days 13 and 14.5. At this time, Notch/Jag1-mediated repression of sclerotome transcription factors Pax1, Scx, and Sox9 is necessary to fully enable vSMC maturation. Specifically, Notch signaling in vSMCs antagonizes sclerotome and cartilage transcription factors and promotes upregulation of contractile genes. In the absence of the Notch ligand Jag1, vSMCs acquire a chondrocytic transcriptional repertoire that can lead to ossification. Importantly, our findings suggest that sustained Notch signaling is essential throughout vSMC life to maintain contractile function, prevent vSMC reprogramming, and promote vascular wall integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Briot
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Artur Jaroszewicz
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Carmen M Warren
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Marlin Touma
- Division of Anesthesiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Carsten Rudat
- Institut fur Molekularbiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jennifer J Hofmann
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Rannar Airik
- Institut fur Molekularbiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Gerry Weinmaster
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Karen Lyons
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yibin Wang
- Division of Anesthesiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Andreas Kispert
- Institut fur Molekularbiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - M Luisa Iruela-Arispe
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Abstract
The Notch signalling pathway is evolutionarily conserved and is crucial for the development and homeostasis of most tissues. Deregulated Notch signalling leads to various diseases, such as T cell leukaemia, Alagille syndrome and a stroke and dementia syndrome known as CADASIL, and so strategies to therapeutically modulate Notch signalling are of interest. Clinical trials of Notch pathway inhibitors in patients with solid tumours have been reported, and several approaches are under preclinical evaluation. In this Review, we focus on aspects of the pathway that are amenable to therapeutic intervention, diseases that could be targeted and the various Notch pathway modulation strategies that are currently being explored.
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An understanding of intervertebral disc development, maturation and cell phenotype provides clues to direct cell-based tissue regeneration therapies for disc degeneration. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2014; 23:1803-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s00586-014-3305-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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13
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Combs MD, Knutsen RH, Broekelmann TJ, Toennies HM, Brett TJ, Miller CA, Kober DL, Craft CS, Atkinson JJ, Shipley JM, Trask BC, Mecham RP. Microfibril-associated glycoprotein 2 (MAGP2) loss of function has pleiotropic effects in vivo. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:28869-80. [PMID: 23963447 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.497727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Microfibril-associated glycoprotein (MAGP) 1 and 2 are evolutionarily related but structurally divergent proteins that are components of microfibrils of the extracellular matrix. Using mice with a targeted inactivation of Mfap5, the gene for MAGP2 protein, we demonstrate that MAGPs have shared as well as unique functions in vivo. Mfap5(-/-) mice appear grossly normal, are fertile, and have no reduction in life span. Cardiopulmonary development is typical. The animals are normotensive and have vascular compliance comparable with age-matched wild-type mice, which is indicative of normal, functional elastic fibers. Loss of MAGP2 alone does not significantly alter bone mass or architecture, and loss of MAGP2 in tandem with loss of MAGP1 does not exacerbate MAGP1-dependent osteopenia. MAGP2-deficient mice are neutropenic, which contrasts with monocytopenia described in MAGP1-deficient animals. This suggests that MAGP1 and MAGP2 have discrete functions in hematopoiesis. In the cardiovascular system, MAGP1;MAGP2 double knockout mice (Mfap2(-/-);Mfap5(-/-)) show age-dependent aortic dilation. These findings indicate that MAGPs have shared primary functions in maintaining large vessel integrity. In solid phase binding assays, MAGP2 binds active TGFβ1, TGFβ2, and BMP2. Together, these data demonstrate that loss of MAGP2 expression in vivo has pleiotropic effects potentially related to the ability of MAGP2 to regulate growth factors or participate in cell signaling.
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14
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Hassed SJ, Wiley GB, Wang S, Lee JY, Li S, Xu W, Zhao ZJ, Mulvihill JJ, Robertson J, Warner J, Gaffney PM. RBPJ mutations identified in two families affected by Adams-Oliver syndrome. Am J Hum Genet 2012; 91:391-5. [PMID: 22883147 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Through exome resequencing, we identified two unique mutations in recombination signal binding protein for immunoglobulin kappa J (RBPJ) in two independent families affected by Adams-Oliver syndrome (AOS), a rare multiple-malformation disorder consisting primarily of aplasia cutis congenita of the vertex scalp and transverse terminal limb defects. These identified mutations link RBPJ, the primary transcriptional regulator for the Notch pathway, with AOS, a human genetic disorder. Functional assays confirmed impaired DNA binding of mutated RBPJ, placing it among other notch-pathway proteins altered in human genetic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan J Hassed
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, University of Oklahoma Children's Physicians Building, 1200 Children's Avenue, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
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