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Arif S, Richer M, Larochelle S, Moulin VJ. Microvesicles derived from dermal myofibroblasts modify the integrity of the blood and lymphatic barriers using distinct endocytosis pathways. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 3:e151. [PMID: 38939570 PMCID: PMC11080715 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Microvesicles (MVs) are a subtype of extracellular vesicles that can transfer biological information from their producer cells to target cells. This communication can in turn affect both normal and pathological processes. Mounting evidence has revealed that dermal wound myofibroblasts (Wmyo) produce MVs, which can transfer biomolecules impacting receptor cells such as human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMECs). While the effects of MVs on HDMECs are generally well described in the literature, little is known about the transport of MVs across the HDMEC barrier, and their potential effect on the barrier integrity remains unknown. Here, we investigated these roles of Wmyo-derived MVs on two sub-populations of HDMECs, blood endothelial cells (BECs) and lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs). Using an in vitro model to mimic the endothelial barrier, we showed that MVs crossed the LEC barrier but not the BEC barrier. In addition, we demonstrated that MVs were able to influence the cell-cell junctions of HDMECs. Specifically, we observed that after internalization via the predominantly caveolin-dependent pathway, MVs induced the opening of junctions in BECs. Conversely, in LECs, MVs mainly use the macropinocytosis pathway and induce closure of these junctions. Moreover, proteins in the MV membrane were responsible for this effect, but not specifically those belonging to the VEGF family. Finally, we found that once the LEC barrier permeability was reduced by MV stimuli, MVs ceased to cross the barrier. Conversely, when the BEC barrier was rendered permeable following stimulation with MVs, they were subsequently able to cross the barrier via the paracellular pathway. Taken together, these results suggest that the study of Wmyo-derived MVs offers valuable insights into their interaction with the HDMEC barrier in the context of wound healing. They highlight the potential significance of these MVs in the overall process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syrine Arif
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEXCentre de recherche du CHU de Québec‐Université LavalQuebecCanada
| | - Megan Richer
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEXCentre de recherche du CHU de Québec‐Université LavalQuebecCanada
| | - Sébastien Larochelle
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEXCentre de recherche du CHU de Québec‐Université LavalQuebecCanada
| | - Véronique J. Moulin
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEXCentre de recherche du CHU de Québec‐Université LavalQuebecCanada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of MedicineUniversité LavalQuebecCanada
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Peng Y, Yang Z, Sun H, Li J, Lan X, Liu S. Nanomaterials in Medicine: Understanding Cellular Uptake, Localization, and Retention for Enhanced Disease Diagnosis and Therapy. Aging Dis 2024:AD.2024.0206-1. [PMID: 38421835 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2024.0206-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanomaterials (NMs) have emerged as promising tools for disease diagnosis and therapy due to their unique physicochemical properties. To maximize the effectiveness and design of NMs-based medical applications, it is essential to comprehend the complex mechanisms of cellular uptake, subcellular localization, and cellular retention. This review illuminates the various pathways that NMs take to get from the extracellular environment to certain intracellular compartments by investigating the various mechanisms that underlie their interaction with cells. The cellular uptake of NMs involves complex interactions with cell membranes, encompassing endocytosis, phagocytosis, and other active transport mechanisms. Unique uptake patterns across cell types highlight the necessity for customized NMs designs. After internalization, NMs move through a variety of intracellular routes that affect where they are located subcellularly. Understanding these pathways is pivotal for enhancing the targeted delivery of therapeutic agents and imaging probes. Furthermore, the cellular retention of NMs plays a critical role in sustained therapeutic efficacy and long-term imaging capabilities. Factors influencing cellular retention include nanoparticle size, surface chemistry, and the cellular microenvironment. Strategies for prolonging cellular retention are discussed, including surface modifications and encapsulation techniques. In conclusion, a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms governing cellular uptake, subcellular localization, and cellular retention of NMs is essential for advancing their application in disease diagnosis and therapy. This review provides insights into the intricate interplay between NMs and biological systems, offering a foundation for the rational design of next-generation nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Peng
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine & Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Biological Molecular Medicine Research & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhengshuang Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine & Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Biological Molecular Medicine Research & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Hui Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine & Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Biological Molecular Medicine Research & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jinling Li
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine & Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Biological Molecular Medicine Research & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiuwan Lan
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Biological Molecular Medicine Research & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Sijia Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine & Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Biological Molecular Medicine Research & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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Tessier E, Cheutin L, Garnier A, Vigne C, Tournier JN, Rougeaux C. Early Circulating Edema Factor in Inhalational Anthrax Infection: Does It Matter? Microorganisms 2024; 12:308. [PMID: 38399712 PMCID: PMC10891819 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12020308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Anthrax toxins are critical virulence factors of Bacillus anthracis and Bacillus cereus strains that cause anthrax-like disease, composed of a common binding factor, the protective antigen (PA), and two enzymatic proteins, lethal factor (LF) and edema factor (EF). While PA is required for endocytosis and activity of EF and LF, several studies showed that these enzymatic factors disseminate within the body in the absence of PA after intranasal infection. In an effort to understand the impact of EF in the absence of PA, we used a fluorescent EF chimera to facilitate the study of endocytosis in different cell lines. Unexpectedly, EF was found inside cells in the absence of PA and showed a pole-dependent endocytosis. However, looking at enzymatic activity, PA was still required for EF to induce an increase in intracellular cAMP levels. Interestingly, the sequential delivery of EF and then PA rescued the rise in cAMP levels, indicating that PA and EF may functionally associate during intracellular trafficking, as well as it did at the cell surface. Our data shed new light on EF trafficking and the potential location of PA and EF association for optimal cytosolic delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Tessier
- Département des Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 91220 Brétigny-sur-Orge, France (C.R.)
| | - Laurence Cheutin
- Département des Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 91220 Brétigny-sur-Orge, France (C.R.)
| | - Annabelle Garnier
- Département des Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 91220 Brétigny-sur-Orge, France (C.R.)
| | - Clarisse Vigne
- Département des Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 91220 Brétigny-sur-Orge, France (C.R.)
| | - Jean-Nicolas Tournier
- Département des Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 91220 Brétigny-sur-Orge, France (C.R.)
- Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Clémence Rougeaux
- Département des Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 91220 Brétigny-sur-Orge, France (C.R.)
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Shin HJ, Lee BK, Kang HA. Transdermal Properties of Cell-Penetrating Peptides: Applications and Skin Penetration Mechanisms. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:1-16. [PMID: 38079575 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) consist of 5-30 amino acids with intracellular transduction abilities and diverse physicochemical properties, origins, and sequences. Although recent developments in bioinformatics have facilitated the prediction of CPP candidates with the potential for transduction into cells, the mechanisms by which CPPs penetrate cells and various tissues have not yet been elucidated at the molecular interaction level. Recently, the skin-penetrating ability of CPPs has gained wide attention and emerged as a simple and effective strategy for the delivery of macromolecules into the skin. Studies on the skin structure have suggested that the penetration potential of CPPs is based on the molecular interactions and characteristics of the lipid lamellar structure between corneocytes in the stratum corneum. This review provides a brief overview of the general properties, transduction mechanisms, applications, and safety issues of CPPs, focusing on CPPs with transdermal properties, that are currently being used to develop therapeutics and cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Je Shin
- ProCell R&D Center, ProCell Therapeutics, Inc., #1009 Ace-Twin Tower II, 273, Digital-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 08381, Republic of Korea
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Science, Chung-Ang University, 84, Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Kyu Lee
- ProCell R&D Center, ProCell Therapeutics, Inc., #1009 Ace-Twin Tower II, 273, Digital-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 08381, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ah Kang
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Science, Chung-Ang University, 84, Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
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Ravi S, Martin LC, Krishnan M, Kumaresan M, Manikandan B, Ramar M. Interactions between macrophage membrane and lipid mediators during cardiovascular diseases with the implications of scavenger receptors. Chem Phys Lipids 2024; 258:105362. [PMID: 38006924 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2023.105362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
The onset and progression of cardiovascular diseases with the major underlying cause being atherosclerosis, occur during chronic inflammatory persistence in the vascular system, especially within the arterial wall. Such prolonged maladaptive inflammation is driven by macrophages and their key mediators are generally attributed to a disparity in lipid metabolism. Macrophages are the primary cells of innate immunity, endowed with expansive membrane domains involved in immune responses with their signalling systems. During atherosclerosis, the membrane domains and receptors control various active organisations of macrophages. Their scavenger/endocytic receptors regulate the trafficking of intracellular and extracellular cargo. Corresponding influence on lipid metabolism is mediated by their dynamic interaction with scavenger membrane receptors and their integrated mechanisms such as pinocytosis, phagocytosis, cholesterol export/import, etc. This interaction not only results in the functional differentiation of macrophages but also modifies their structural configurations. Here, we reviewed the association of macrophage membrane biomechanics and their scavenger receptor families with lipid metabolites during the event of atherogenesis. In addition, the membrane structure of macrophages and the signalling pathways involved in endocytosis integrated with lipid metabolism are detailed. This article establishes future insights into the scavenger receptors as potential targets for cardiovascular disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeetha Ravi
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
| | | | - Mahalakshmi Krishnan
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - Manikandan Kumaresan
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - Beulaja Manikandan
- Department of Biochemistry, Annai Veilankanni's College for Women, Chennai 600 015, India
| | - Manikandan Ramar
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India.
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Williams TM, Schneeweiss A, Jackisch C, Shen C, Weber KE, Fasching PA, Denkert C, Furlanetto J, Heinmöller E, Schmatloch S, Karn T, Szeto CW, van Mackelenbergh MT, Nekljudova V, Stickeler E, Soon-Shiong P, Schem C, Mairinger T, Müller V, Marmé F, Untch M, Loibl S. Caveolin Gene Expression Predicts Clinical Outcomes for Early-Stage HER2-Negative Breast Cancer Treated with Paclitaxel-Based Chemotherapy in the GeparSepto Trial. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:3384-3394. [PMID: 37432976 PMCID: PMC10530448 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-0362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Caveolin-1 and -2 (CAV1/2) dysregulation are implicated in driving cancer progression and may predict response to nab-paclitaxel. We explored the prognostic and predictive potential of CAV1/2 expression for patients with early-stage HER2-negative breast cancer receiving neoadjuvant paclitaxel-based chemotherapy regimens, followed by epirubicin and cyclophosphamide. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We correlated tumor CAV1/2 RNA expression with pathologic complete response (pCR), disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) in the GeparSepto trial, which randomized patients to neoadjuvant paclitaxel- versus nab-paclitaxel-based chemotherapy. RESULTS RNA sequencing data were available for 279 patients, of which 74 (26.5%) were hormone receptor (HR)-negative, thus triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Patients treated with nab-paclitaxel with high CAV1/2 had higher probability of obtaining a pCR [CAV1 OR, 4.92; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.70-14.22; P = 0.003; CAV2 OR, 5.39; 95% CI, 1.76-16.47; P = 0.003] as compared with patients with high CAV1/2 treated with solvent-based paclitaxel (CAV1 OR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.11-0.95; P = 0.040; CAV2 OR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.12-1.13; P = 0.082). High CAV1 expression was significantly associated with worse DFS and OS in paclitaxel-treated patients (DFS HR, 2.29; 95% CI, 1.08-4.87; P = 0.030; OS HR, 4.97; 95% CI, 1.73-14.31; P = 0.003). High CAV2 was associated with worse DFS and OS in all patients (DFS HR, 2.12; 95% CI, 1.23-3.63; P = 0.006; OS HR, 2.51; 95% CI, 1.22-5.17; P = 0.013), in paclitaxel-treated patients (DFS HR, 2.47; 95% CI, 1.12-5.43; P = 0.025; OS HR, 4.24; 95% CI, 1.48-12.09; P = 0.007) and in patients with TNBC (DFS HR, 4.68; 95% CI, 1.48-14.85; P = 0.009; OS HR, 10.43; 95% CI, 1.22-89.28; P = 0.032). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate high CAV1/2 expression is associated with worse DFS and OS in paclitaxel-treated patients. Conversely, in nab-paclitaxel-treated patients, high CAV1/2 expression is associated with increased pCR and no significant detriment to DFS or OS compared with low CAV1/2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terence M. Williams
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | | | | | - Changxian Shen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | | | - Peter A. Fasching
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carsten Denkert
- Institut für Pathologie Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Thomas Karn
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Volkmar Müller
- Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Sibylle Loibl
- German Breast Group, Neu-Isenburg, Germany
- Centre for Haematology and Oncology, Bethanien Frankfurt/M, Germany
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Zhao Y, Yu J, Huang A, Yang Q, Li G, Yang Y, Chen Y. ROS impairs tumor vasculature normalization through an endocytosis effect of caveolae on extracellular SPARC. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:152. [PMID: 37528424 PMCID: PMC10394868 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03003-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in tumor microenvironment (TME) is an important player for tumorigenesis and progression. We aimed to explore the outcomes of ROS on tumor vessels and the potential regulated mechanisms. METHODS Exogenous H2O2 was adopted to simulate the ROS setting. Immunofluorescence staining and ultrasonography were used to assess the vascular endothelial coverage and perfusions in the tumors inoculated with Lewis lung cancer (LLC) and melanoma (B16F10) cells of C57BL/6 mice, respectively. ELISA and western-blot were used to detect the expression of secreted acidic and cysteine-rich protein (SPARC) and Caveale-1 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) extra- and intracellularly. Intracellular translocation of SPARC was observed using electron microscopy and immunofluorescence approaches. RESULT Under the context of oxidative stress, the pericyte recruitment of neovascularization in mouse lung cancer and melanoma tissues would be aberrated, which subsequently led to the disruption of the tumor vascular architecture and perfusion dysfunction. In vitro, HUVEC extracellularly SPARC was down-regulated, whereas intracellularly it was up-regulated. By electron microscopy and immunofluorescence staining, we observed that SPARC might undergo transmembrane transport via caveale-1-mediated endocytosis. Finally, the binding of SPARC to phosphorylated-caveale-1 was also detected in B16F10 tissues. CONCLUSION In the oxidative stress environment, neovascularization within the tumor occurs structural deterioration and decreased perfusion capacity. One of the main regulatory mechanisms is the migration of extracellular SPARC from the endothelium to intracellular compartments via Caveolin-1 carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhao
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
- Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ai Huang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
- Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
- Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Guiling Li
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
- Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
| | - Yeshan Chen
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China.
- Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Sastri KT, Gupta NV, M S, Chakraborty S, Kumar H, Chand P, Balamuralidhara V, Gowda D. Nanocarrier facilitated drug delivery to the brain through intranasal route: A promising approach to transcend bio-obstacles and alleviate neurodegenerative conditions. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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9
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Truskewycz A, Yin H, Halberg N, Lai DTH, Ball AS, Truong VK, Rybicka AM, Cole I. Carbon Dot Therapeutic Platforms: Administration, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, Toxicity, and Therapeutic Potential. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2106342. [PMID: 35088534 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202106342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasmall nanoparticles are often grouped under the broad umbrella term of "nanoparticles" when reported in the literature. However, for biomedical applications, their small sizes give them intimate interactions with biological species and endow them with unique functional physiochemical properties. Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are an emerging class of ultrasmall nanoparticles which have demonstrated considerable biocompatibility and have been employed as potent theragnostic platforms. These particles find application for increasing drug solubility and targeting, along with facilitating the passage of drugs across impermeable membranes (i.e., blood brain barrier). Further functionality can be triggered by various environmental conditions or external stimuli (i.e., pH, temperature, near Infrared (NIR) light, ultrasound), and their intrinsic fluorescence is valuable for diagnostic applications. The focus of this review is to shed light on the therapeutic potential of CQDs and identify how they travel through the body, reach their site of action, administer therapeutic effect, and are excreted. Investigation into their toxicity and compatibility with larger nanoparticle carriers is also examined. The future of CQDs for theragnostic applications is promising due to their multifunctional attributes and documented biocompatibility. As nanomaterial platforms become more commonplace in clinical treatments, the commercialization of CQD therapeutics is anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Truskewycz
- School of Engineering, Advanced Manufacturing and Fabrication, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5020, Norway
| | - Hong Yin
- School of Engineering, Advanced Manufacturing and Fabrication, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Nils Halberg
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5020, Norway
| | - Daniel T H Lai
- Institute of Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3011, Australia
| | - Andrew S Ball
- ARC Training Centre for the Transformation of Australia Biosolids Resource, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Vi Khanh Truong
- School of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Agata Marta Rybicka
- Oncovet Clinical Research, Parc Eurasante, 80 Rue du Dr Alexandre Yersin, Loos, F-59120, France
| | - Ivan Cole
- School of Engineering, Advanced Manufacturing and Fabrication, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
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10
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Wang CK, Nelepcu I, Hui D, Oo HZ, Truong S, Zhao S, Tahiry Z, Esfandnia S, Ghaidi F, Adomat H, Dagil R, Gustavsson T, Choudhary S, Salanti A, Sorensen PH, Al Nakouzi N, Daugaard M. Internalization and trafficking of CSPG-bound recombinant VAR2CSA lectins in cancer cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3075. [PMID: 35197518 PMCID: PMC8866492 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07025-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteoglycans are proteins that are modified with glycosaminoglycan chains. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are currently being exploited as targets for drug-delivery in various cancer indications, however basic knowledge on how CSPGs are internalized in tumor cells is lacking. In this study we took advantage of a recombinant CSPG-binding lectin VAR2CSA (rVAR2) to track internalization and cell fate of CSPGs in tumor cells. We found that rVAR2 is internalized into cancer cells via multiple internalization mechanisms after initial docking on cell surface CSPGs. Regardless of the internalization pathway used, CSPG-bound rVAR2 was trafficked to the early endosomes in an energy-dependent manner but not further transported to the lysosomal compartment. Instead, internalized CSPG-bound rVAR2 proteins were secreted with exosomes to the extracellular environment in a strictly chondroitin sulfate-dependent manner. In summary, our work describes the cell fate of rVAR2 proteins in tumor cells after initial binding to CSPGs, which can be further used to inform development of rVAR2-drug conjugates and other therapeutics targeting CSPGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Kedong Wang
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Irina Nelepcu
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Desmond Hui
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Htoo Zarni Oo
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sarah Truong
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sarah Zhao
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Zakir Tahiry
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | | | - Hans Adomat
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Robert Dagil
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,VAR2 Pharmaceuticals, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tobias Gustavsson
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,VAR2 Pharmaceuticals, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Swati Choudhary
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,VAR2 Pharmaceuticals, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ali Salanti
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,VAR2 Pharmaceuticals, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Poul H Sorensen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Nader Al Nakouzi
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. .,Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada. .,VAR2 Pharmaceuticals, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Mads Daugaard
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. .,Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada. .,VAR2 Pharmaceuticals, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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11
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Li G, Wang Y, Cao G, Ma Y, Li YX, Zhao Y, Shao X, Wang YL. Hypoxic stress disrupts HGF/Met signaling in human trophoblasts: implications for the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:8. [PMID: 35114998 PMCID: PMC8815204 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00791-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Preeclampsia (PE), a placenta-associated pregnancy complication, is the leading cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Met/Erk signaling is inhibited in the placentas of patients with early-onset preeclampsia (E-PE), but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, the expression modes of Met and endocytic vesicles in normal and preeclamptic placentas were compared. Biotinylation internalization/recycling assays were used to measure the endocytosis of Met under hypoxia and normoxia in HTR8/SVneo cells. In addition, the expression level of Cbl, a specific E3 ligase of Met, was measured under hypoxia and normoxia, and the endocytosis of Met was studied by using confocal microscopy. Results We found considerable intracellular accumulation of Met, which was colocalized with caveolin-1 (CAV-1), in trophoblasts from E-PE placentas. Prolonged hypoxic stimulation led to the remarkable augmentation of CAV-1-mediated Met endocytosis in HTR8/SVneo cells. In addition, the expression of Cbl was substantially repressed by sustained hypoxia, disrupting ubiquitin degradation and the subsequent intracellular accumulation of Met in HTR8/SVneo cells. The abnormal degradation of Met hampered the ability of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) to promote trophoblast cell invasion. In E-PE placentas, aberrant upregulation of CAV-1 and downregulation of Cbl were observed in parallel to the intracellular accumulation of Met. Conclusions These findings reveal that prolonged hypoxic stress induces the augmentation of endocytosis and repression of ubiquitin-mediated Met degradation, which leads to the impaired regulation of trophoblast invasion by HGF/Met signaling. These data provide novel evidence for elucidating the pathogenesis of preeclampsia, especially of the early-onset subtype. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12929-022-00791-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanlin Li
- Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yongqing Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guangming Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yeling Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Xia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yangyu Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Xuan Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China. .,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Yan-Ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China. .,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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12
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Kos J, Mitrović A, Perišić Nanut M, Pišlar A. Lysosomal peptidases – Intriguing roles in cancer progression and neurodegeneration. FEBS Open Bio 2022; 12:708-738. [PMID: 35067006 PMCID: PMC8972049 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal peptidases are hydrolytic enzymes capable of digesting waste proteins that are targeted to lysosomes via endocytosis and autophagy. Besides intracellular protein catabolism, they play more specific roles in several other cellular processes and pathologies, either within lysosomes, upon secretion into the cell cytoplasm or extracellular space, or bound to the plasma membrane. In cancer, lysosomal peptidases are generally associated with disease progression, as they participate in crucial processes leading to changes in cell morphology, signaling, migration, and invasion, and finally metastasis. However, they can also enhance the mechanisms resulting in cancer regression, such as apoptosis of tumor cells or antitumor immune responses. Lysosomal peptidases have also been identified as hallmarks of aging and neurodegeneration, playing roles in oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, abnormal intercellular communication, dysregulated trafficking, and the deposition of protein aggregates in neuronal cells. Furthermore, deficiencies in lysosomal peptidases may result in other pathological states, such as lysosomal storage disease. The aim of this review was to highlight the role of lysosomal peptidases in particular pathological processes of cancer and neurodegeneration and to address the potential of lysosomal peptidases in diagnosing and treating patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janko Kos
- University of Ljubljana Faculty of Pharmacy Aškerčeva 7 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan Institute Department of Biotechnology Jamova 39 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Ana Mitrović
- Jožef Stefan Institute Department of Biotechnology Jamova 39 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Milica Perišić Nanut
- Jožef Stefan Institute Department of Biotechnology Jamova 39 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Anja Pišlar
- University of Ljubljana Faculty of Pharmacy Aškerčeva 7 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
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13
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Azzaz F, Yahi N, Di Scala C, Chahinian H, Fantini J. Ganglioside binding domains in proteins: Physiological and pathological mechanisms. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2022; 128:289-324. [PMID: 35034721 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Gangliosides are anionic lipids that form condensed membrane clusters (lipid rafts) and exert major regulatory functions on a wide range of proteins. In this review, we propose a new view of the structural features of gangliosides with special emphasis on emerging properties associated with protein binding modes. We analyze the different possibilities of molecular associations of gangliosides in lipid rafts and the role of cholesterol in this organization. We are particularly interested in amide groups of N-acetylated sugars which make it possible to neutralize the negative charge of the carboxylate group of sialic acids. We refer to this effect as "NH trick" and we demonstrate that it is operative in GM1, GD1a, GD1b and GT1b gangliosides. The NH trick is key to understand the different topologies adopted by gangliosides (chalice-like at the edge of lipid rafts, condensed clusters in central areas) and their impact on protein binding. We define three major types of ganglioside-binding domains (GBDs): α-helical, loop shaped, and large flat surface. We describe the mode of interaction of each GBD with typical reference proteins: synaptotagmin, 5HT1A receptor, cholera and botulinum toxins, HIV-1 surface envelope glycoprotein gp120, SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, cellular prion protein, Alzheimer's β-amyloid peptide and Parkinson's disease associated α-synuclein. We discuss the common mechanisms and peculiarities of protein binding to gangliosides in the light of physiological and pathological conditions. We anticipate that innovative ganglioside-based therapies will soon show an exponential growth for the treatment of cancer, microbial infections, and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fodil Azzaz
- INSERM UMR_S 1072, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Nouara Yahi
- INSERM UMR_S 1072, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Coralie Di Scala
- Neuroscience Center-HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henri Chahinian
- INSERM UMR_S 1072, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Jacques Fantini
- INSERM UMR_S 1072, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.
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14
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OUP accepted manuscript. J Pharm Pharmacol 2022; 74:1282-1295. [DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgac017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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15
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Shin EY, Soung NK, Schwartz MA, Kim EG. Altered endocytosis in cellular senescence. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 68:101332. [PMID: 33753287 PMCID: PMC8131247 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence occurs in response to diverse stresses (e.g., telomere shortening, DNA damage, oxidative stress, oncogene activation). A growing body of evidence indicates that alterations in multiple components of endocytic pathways contribute to cellular senescence. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) and caveolae-mediated endocytosis (CavME) represent major types of endocytosis that are implicated in senescence. More recent research has also identified a chromatin modifier and tumor suppressor that contributes to the induction of senescence via altered endocytosis. Here, molecular regulators of aberrant endocytosis-induced senescence are reviewed and discussed in the context of their capacity to serve as senescence-inducing stressors or modifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Young Shin
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, 28644, South Korea
| | - Nak-Kyun Soung
- World Class Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang-eup, Cheongju, 28116, South Korea
| | - Martin Alexander Schwartz
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, And Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA; Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Eung-Gook Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, 28644, South Korea.
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16
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Torres-Vanegas JD, Cruz JC, Reyes LH. Delivery Systems for Nucleic Acids and Proteins: Barriers, Cell Capture Pathways and Nanocarriers. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:428. [PMID: 33809969 PMCID: PMC8004853 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy has been used as a potential approach to address the diagnosis and treatment of genetic diseases and inherited disorders. In this line, non-viral systems have been exploited as promising alternatives for delivering therapeutic transgenes and proteins. In this review, we explored how biological barriers are effectively overcome by non-viral systems, usually nanoparticles, to reach an efficient delivery of cargoes. Furthermore, this review contributes to the understanding of several mechanisms of cellular internalization taken by nanoparticles. Because a critical factor for nanoparticles to do this relies on the ability to escape endosomes, researchers have dedicated much effort to address this issue using different nanocarriers. Here, we present an overview of the diversity of nanovehicles explored to reach an efficient and effective delivery of both nucleic acids and proteins. Finally, we introduced recent advances in the development of successful strategies to deliver cargoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian D. Torres-Vanegas
- Grupo de Diseño de Productos y Procesos (GDPP), Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | - Juan C. Cruz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | - Luis H. Reyes
- Grupo de Diseño de Productos y Procesos (GDPP), Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
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17
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Zong H, Hazelbaker M, Moe C, Ems-McClung SC, Hu K, Walczak CE. Spatial regulation of MCAK promotes cell polarization and focal adhesion turnover to drive robust cell migration. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 32:590-604. [PMID: 33566676 PMCID: PMC8101467 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-05-0301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The asymmetric distribution of microtubule (MT) dynamics in migrating cells is important for cell polarization, yet the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain underexplored. Here, we addressed this question by studying the role of the MT depolymerase, MCAK (mitotic centromere-associated kinesin), in the highly persistent migration of RPE-1 cells. MCAK knockdown leads to slowed migration and poor directional movement. Fixed and live cell imaging revealed that MCAK knockdown results in excessive membrane ruffling as well as defects in cell polarization and the maintenance of a major protrusive front. Additionally, loss of MCAK increases the lifetime of focal adhesions by decreasing their disassembly rate. These functions correlate with a spatial distribution of MCAK activity, wherein activity is higher in the trailing edge of cells compared with the leading edge. Overexpression of Rac1 has a dominant effect over MCAK activity, placing it downstream of or in a parallel pathway to MCAK function in migration. Together, our data support a model in which the polarized distribution of MCAK activity and subsequent differential regulation of MT dynamics contribute to cell polarity, centrosome positioning, and focal adhesion dynamics, which all help facilitate robust directional migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailing Zong
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405
| | - Mark Hazelbaker
- Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine-Bloomington, Bloomington, IN 47405
| | - Christina Moe
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405
| | | | - Ke Hu
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405
| | - Claire E Walczak
- Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine-Bloomington, Bloomington, IN 47405
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18
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Khan I, Steeg PS. Endocytosis: a pivotal pathway for regulating metastasis. Br J Cancer 2021; 124:66-75. [PMID: 33262521 PMCID: PMC7782782 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-01179-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A potentially important aspect in the regulation of tumour metastasis is endocytosis. This process consists of internalisation of cell-surface receptors via pinocytosis, phagocytosis or receptor-mediated endocytosis, the latter of which includes clathrin-, caveolae- and non-clathrin or caveolae-mediated mechanisms. Endocytosis then progresses through several intracellular compartments for sorting and routing of cargo, ending in lysosomal degradation, recycling back to the cell surface or secretion. Multiple endocytic proteins are dysregulated in cancer and regulate tumour metastasis, particularly migration and invasion. Importantly, four metastasis suppressor genes function in part by regulating endocytosis, namely, the NME, KAI, MTSS1 and KISS1 pathways. Data on metastasis suppressors identify a new point of dysregulation operative in tumour metastasis, alterations in signalling through endocytosis. This review will focus on the multicomponent process of endocytosis affecting different steps of metastasis and how metastatic-suppressor genes use endocytosis to suppress metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Khan
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Patricia S Steeg
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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19
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Rueda-Gensini L, Cifuentes J, Castellanos MC, Puentes PR, Serna JA, Muñoz-Camargo C, Cruz JC. Tailoring Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Efficient Cellular Internalization and Endosomal Escape. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1816. [PMID: 32932957 PMCID: PMC7559083 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) have been widely explored for biomedical applications due to their high biocompatibility, surface-coating versatility, and superparamagnetic properties. Upon exposure to an external magnetic field, IONs can be precisely directed to a region of interest and serve as exceptional delivery vehicles and cellular markers. However, the design of nanocarriers that achieve an efficient endocytic uptake, escape lysosomal degradation, and perform precise intracellular functions is still a challenge for their application in translational medicine. This review highlights several aspects that mediate the activation of the endosomal pathways, as well as the different properties that govern endosomal escape and nuclear transfection of magnetic IONs. In particular, we review a variety of ION surface modification alternatives that have emerged for facilitating their endocytic uptake and their timely escape from endosomes, with special emphasis on how these can be manipulated for the rational design of cell-penetrating vehicles. Moreover, additional modifications for enhancing nuclear transfection are also included in the design of therapeutic vehicles that must overcome this barrier. Understanding these mechanisms opens new perspectives in the strategic development of vehicles for cell tracking, cell imaging and the targeted intracellular delivery of drugs and gene therapy sequences and vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Rueda-Gensini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-12, 111711 Bogotá, Colombia; (L.R.-G.); (J.C.); (M.C.C.); (P.R.P.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Javier Cifuentes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-12, 111711 Bogotá, Colombia; (L.R.-G.); (J.C.); (M.C.C.); (P.R.P.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Maria Claudia Castellanos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-12, 111711 Bogotá, Colombia; (L.R.-G.); (J.C.); (M.C.C.); (P.R.P.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Paola Ruiz Puentes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-12, 111711 Bogotá, Colombia; (L.R.-G.); (J.C.); (M.C.C.); (P.R.P.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Julian A. Serna
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-12, 111711 Bogotá, Colombia; (L.R.-G.); (J.C.); (M.C.C.); (P.R.P.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Carolina Muñoz-Camargo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-12, 111711 Bogotá, Colombia; (L.R.-G.); (J.C.); (M.C.C.); (P.R.P.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Juan C. Cruz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-12, 111711 Bogotá, Colombia; (L.R.-G.); (J.C.); (M.C.C.); (P.R.P.); (J.A.S.)
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
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20
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Nighot P, Ma T. Endocytosis of Intestinal Tight Junction Proteins: In Time and Space. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2020; 27:283-290. [PMID: 32497180 PMCID: PMC7813749 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izaa141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells take up macromolecules and particles from the surrounding milieu and also internalize membrane proteins via a precise process of endocytosis. The role of endocytosis in diverse physiological processes such as cell adhesion, cell signaling, tissue remodeling, and healing is well recognized. The epithelial tight junctions (TJs), present at the apical lateral membrane, play a key role in cell adhesion and regulation of paracellular pathway. These vital functions of the TJ are achieved through the dynamic regulation of the presence of pore and barrier-forming proteins within the TJ complex on the plasma membrane. In response to various intracellular and extracellular clues, the TJ complexes are actively regulated by intracellular trafficking. The intracellular trafficking consists of endocytosis and recycling cargos to the plasma membrane or targeting them to the lysosomes for degradation. Increased intestinal TJ permeability is a pathological factor in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and the TJ permeability could be increased due to the altered endocytosis or recycling of TJ proteins. This review discusses the current information on endocytosis of intestinal epithelial TJ proteins. The knowledge of the endocytic regulation of the epithelial TJ barrier will provide further understanding of pathogenesis and potential targets for IBD and a wide variety of human disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Nighot
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Penn State University, Hershey, PA, USA,Address correspondence to: Prashant Nighot, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, 500 University Drive, Room C5814B, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA. E-mail:
| | - Thomas Ma
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Penn State University, Hershey, PA, USA
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21
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Caveolin-1 Expression in Benign and Malignant Breast Lesions and Its Correlation with Expression of Estrogen Receptor (ER), Progesterone Receptor (PR), and Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2), Lymph Node Metastasis, Tumor Grade, and Survival of the Patients. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER MANAGEMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.5812/ijcm.97468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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22
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Tyrpak DR, Wang Y, Avila H, Guo H, Fu R, Truong AT, Park M, Okamoto CT, Hamm-Alvarez SF, MacKay JA. Caveolin elastin-like polypeptide fusions mediate temperature-dependent assembly of caveolar microdomains. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:198-204. [PMID: 32542186 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Caveolae are membrane organelles formed by submicron invaginations in the plasma membrane, and are involved in mechanosensing, cell signaling, and endocytosis. Although implicated broadly in physiology and pathophysiology, better tools are required to elucidate the precise role of caveolar processes through selective activation and inactivation of their trafficking. Our group recently reported that thermally-responsive elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs) can trigger formation of 'genetically engineered protein microdomains (GEPMs)' functionalized with either Clathrin-light chain or the epidermal growth factor receptor. This manuscript is the first report of this strategy to modulate caveolin-1 (CAV1). By attaching different ELP sequences to CAV1, mild heating can be used to self-assemble CAV1-ELP microdomains inside of cells. The temperature of self-assembly can be controlled by tuning the ELP sequence. The formation of CAV1-ELP microdomains internalizes Cholera Toxin Subunit B, a commonly used marker of caveolae mediated endocytosis. CAV1-ELPs also colocalize with Cavin 1, an essential component of functional caveolae biogenesis. With the emerging significance of caveolae in health and disease and the lack of specific probes to rapidly and reversibly affect caveolar function, CAV1-ELP microdomains are a new tool to rapidly probe caveolae associated processes in endocytosis, cell signaling, and mechanosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Tyrpak
- University of Southern California Viterbi School of Engineering, Biomedical Engineering. 1042 Downey Way, Los Angeles, CA, USA 90089
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy of the University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Ave, Los Angeles, CA, USA 90089
| | - Hugo Avila
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy of the University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Ave, Los Angeles, CA, USA 90089
| | - Hao Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy of the University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Ave, Los Angeles, CA, USA 90089
| | - Runzhong Fu
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy of the University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Ave, Los Angeles, CA, USA 90089
| | - Anh T Truong
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy of the University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Ave, Los Angeles, CA, USA 90089
| | - Mincheol Park
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy of the University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Ave, Los Angeles, CA, USA 90089
| | - Curtis T Okamoto
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy of the University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Ave, Los Angeles, CA, USA 90089
| | - Sarah F Hamm-Alvarez
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy of the University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Ave, Los Angeles, CA, USA 90089.,Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Department of Ophthalmology, Roski Eye Institute. 1450 San Pablo St, Los Angeles, CA, USA 90033
| | - John Andrew MacKay
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy of the University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Ave, Los Angeles, CA, USA 90089.,Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Department of Ophthalmology, Roski Eye Institute. 1450 San Pablo St, Los Angeles, CA, USA 90033.,University of Southern California Viterbi School of Engineering, Biomedical Engineering. 1042 Downey Way, Los Angeles, CA, USA 90089
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23
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Bódi I, Felföldi B, Minkó K, Benyeda Z, Nagy N, Kiss AL, Palya V, Oláh I. Effect of IBDV infection on the interfollicular epithelium of chicken bursa of Fabricius. Poult Sci 2019; 98:3464-3470. [PMID: 30481345 PMCID: PMC7107266 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In the chicken bursa of Fabricius (BF), the interfollicular epithelium (IFE) consists of cylindrical- and cuboidal-shaped cells. Among the cylindrical-shaped epithelial cells, mucus-producing and caveolin-1 (Cav-1)-expressing cells can be distinguished. Occasionally, the cuboidal-shaped cells also express Cav-1, which suggests that they are precursors of both mucus-producing and Cav-1-expressing cells. Very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) impedes the differentiation of Cav-1-expressing cells and shifts the differentiation of cuboidal cells towards mucus-producing cells. In control birds exclusively, the IFE surface shows a mucous membrane, but after IBDV infection, the surfaces of both IFE and FAE are also covered by a mucous membrane. After IBDV infection, the cells of FAE also produce mucus, providing evidence for cell transformation. In late postinfection (pi; 28 d pi), the Cav-1 expression returned in the IFE cells, whereas the follicle (the primary lymphoid organ) underwent atrophy. The appearance of the renewed Cav-1-positive cells is similar to that of the normal basal cell, but they randomly locate in different levels of IFE, suggesting the loss of epithelial polarity. Between days 2 and 7 pi, the Cav-1 expression in the endothelial cells of the cortico-medullary capillary web is variable, which may explain the hemorrhage in several infected birds. The IBDV infection stops the Cav-1 expression and subsequently the cholesterol efflux into the bursal lumen. In the infected birds, the high cholesterol level may further worsen the clinical syndrome of IBDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildikó Bódi
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1094, Hungary
| | | | - Krisztina Minkó
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1094, Hungary
| | | | - Nándor Nagy
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1094, Hungary
| | - Anna L Kiss
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1094, Hungary
| | | | - Imre Oláh
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1094, Hungary
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Degreif D, Cucu B, Budin I, Thiel G, Bertl A. Lipid determinants of endocytosis and exocytosis in budding yeast. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1864:1005-1016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Plant-derived virus-like particle vaccines drive cross-presentation of influenza A hemagglutinin peptides by human monocyte-derived macrophages. NPJ Vaccines 2019; 4:17. [PMID: 31123605 PMCID: PMC6520342 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-019-0111-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence supports the importance of T cell responses to protect against severe influenza, promote viral clearance, and ensure long-term immunity. Plant-derived virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines bearing influenza hemagglutinin (HA) have been shown to elicit strong humoral and CD4+ T cell responses in both pre-clinical and clinical studies. To better understand the immunogenicity of these vaccines, we tracked the intracellular fate of a model HA (A/California/07/2009 H1N1) in human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) following delivery either as VLPs (H1-VLP) or in soluble form. Compared to exposure to soluble HA, pulsing with VLPs resulted in ~3-fold greater intracellular accumulation of HA at 15 min that was driven by clathrin-mediated and clathrin-independent endocytosis as well as macropinocytosis/phagocytosis. At 45 min, soluble HA had largely disappeared suggesting its handling primarily by high-degradative endosomal pathways. Although the overall fluorescence intensity/cell had declined 25% at 45 min after H1-VLP exposure, the endosomal distribution pattern and degree of aggregation suggested that HA delivered by VLP had entered both high-degradative late and low-degradative static early and/or recycling endosomal pathways. At 45 min in the cells pulsed with VLPs, HA was strongly co-localized with Rab5, Rab7, Rab11, MHC II, and MHC I. High-resolution tandem mass spectrometry identified 115 HA-derived peptides associated with MHC I in the H1-VLP-treated MDMs. These data suggest that HA delivery to antigen-presenting cells on plant-derived VLPs facilitates antigen uptake, endosomal processing, and cross-presentation. These observations may help to explain the broad and cross-reactive immune responses generated by these vaccines. Producing vaccines in plants can have several important advantages, including scalability and relatively low cost. Brian J. Ward and colleagues at McGill University examine the intracellular processing of a plant-derived virus-like particle (VLP) expressing influenza hemagglutinin H1 (H1-VLP) and compare this systematically with soluble monomeric H1. Human monocyte-derived macrophages rapidly take up soluble H1 via degradative pathways resulting in its poor presentation by MHC class I. In contrast, multiple endocytic and pinocytic mechanisms are used to internalize H1-VLP, including handling by non-degradative pathways which favors efficient cross-presentation by MHC class I. This specialized intracellular handling of plant-derived VLPs might underlie their ability to stimulate robust CD8+ T cell responses.
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Preparation and anticancer effect of pegylated-chlorambucil prodrug nanoparticle for enhanced therapeutic efficiency. J IND ENG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2018.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Bódi I, Minkó K, Fölker O, Benyeda Z, Felföldi B, Magyar A, Kiss A, Palya V, Oláh I. Expression of caveolin-1 in the interfollicular but not the follicle-associated epithelial cells in the bursa of fabricius of chickens. J Morphol 2017; 279:17-26. [PMID: 28914464 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The surface epithelium of the bursa of Fabricius consists of interfollicular (IFE) and follicle-associated epithelium (FAE). The IFE comprises (i) cylindrical-shaped secretory cells (SC) and (ii) cuboidal basal cells (BCs). The FAE provides histological and two-way functional connections between the bursal lumen and medulla of the follicle. We used a carbon solution and anti-caveolin-1 (Cav-1) to study the endocytic activity of FAE. Carbon particles entered the intercellular space of FAE, but the carbon particles were not internalized by the FAE cells. Cav-1 was not detectable in the FAE cells or the medulla of the bursal follicle. The absence of Cav-1 indicates that no caveolin-mediated endocytosis occurs in the FAE cells, B cells, bursal secretory dendritic cells (BSDC), or reticular epithelial cells. Surprisingly, a significant number of Cav-1 positive cells can be found among the SC, which are designated SC II. Cav-1 negative cell are called SC I, and they produce mucin for lubricating the bursal lumen and duct. Occasionally, BCs also express Cav-1, which suggests that BC is a precursor of a SC. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the existence of type I and II SC. The SC II are highly polarized and have an extensive trans-Golgi network that is rich in different granules and vesicles. Western blot analysis of bursa lysates revealed a 21-23 kDa compound (caveolin) and Filipin fluorescence histochemistry provided evidence for intracellular cholesterol. High amount of cholesterol in the feces shows the cholesterol efflux from SC II. The presence of Cav-1 and cholesterol in SC II indicates, that the bursa is a complex organ in addition to possessing immunological function contributes to the cholesterol homeostasis in the chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildikó Bódi
- Department of Anatomy Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Minkó
- Department of Anatomy Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Fölker
- Department of Anatomy Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | | | - Balázs Felföldi
- A Ceva Animal Health (Ceva-Phylaxia), Szállás utca 5, 1107 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Magyar
- Department of Anatomy Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | - Anna Kiss
- Department of Anatomy Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | - Vilmos Palya
- A Ceva Animal Health (Ceva-Phylaxia), Szállás utca 5, 1107 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Imre Oláh
- Department of Anatomy Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
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Luo Y, Akama T, Okayama A, Yoshihara A, Sue M, Oda K, Hayashi M, Ishido Y, Hirano H, Hiroi N, Katoh R, Suzuki K. A Novel Role for Flotillin-Containing Lipid Rafts in Negative-Feedback Regulation of Thyroid-Specific Gene Expression by Thyroglobulin. Thyroid 2016; 26:1630-1639. [PMID: 27676653 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2016.0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroglobulin (Tg) stored in thyroid follicles regulates follicular function in thyroid hormone (TH) synthesis by suppressing thyroid-specific gene expression in a concentration-dependent manner. Thus, Tg is an intrinsic negative-feedback regulator that can restrain the effect of thyrotropin (TSH) in the follicle. However, the underlying mechanisms by which Tg exerts its prominent autoregulatory effect following recognition by thyrocytes remains unclear. METHODS In order to identify potential proteins that recognize and interact with Tg, mass spectrometry was used to analyze immunoprecipitated Tg-bound proteins derived from Tg-treated rat thyroid FRTL-5 cells. RESULTS Flotillin 1 and flotillin 2, two homologs that are integral membrane proteins in lipid rafts, were identified as novel Tg-binding proteins with high confidence. Further studies revealed that flotillins physically interact with endocytosed Tg, and together these proteins redistribute from the cell membrane to cytoplasmic vesicles. Treatment with the lipid raft disrupter methyl-β-cyclodextrin abolished both the endocytosis and the negative-feedback effect of Tg on thyroid-specific gene expression. Meanwhile, siRNA-mediated knockdown of flotillin 1 or flotillin 2 also significantly inhibited Tg effects on gene expression. CONCLUSION Together these results indicate that flotillin-containing lipid rafts are essential for follicular Tg to be recognized by thyrocytes and exert its negative-feedback effects in the thyroid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqian Luo
- 1 Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Medical Technology, Teikyo University , Tokyo, Japan
- 2 Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases , Tokyo, Japan
- 3 Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi , Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Takeshi Akama
- 2 Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Okayama
- 4 Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University , Yokohama, Japan
| | - Aya Yoshihara
- 1 Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Medical Technology, Teikyo University , Tokyo, Japan
- 2 Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases , Tokyo, Japan
- 5 Department of Education Planning and Development, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Sue
- 2 Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases , Tokyo, Japan
- 6 Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenzaburo Oda
- 1 Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Medical Technology, Teikyo University , Tokyo, Japan
- 2 Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases , Tokyo, Japan
- 6 Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Moyuru Hayashi
- 1 Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Medical Technology, Teikyo University , Tokyo, Japan
- 2 Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Ishido
- 1 Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Medical Technology, Teikyo University , Tokyo, Japan
- 2 Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisashi Hirano
- 3 Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi , Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Naoki Hiroi
- 5 Department of Education Planning and Development, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryohei Katoh
- 3 Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi , Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Koichi Suzuki
- 1 Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Medical Technology, Teikyo University , Tokyo, Japan
- 2 Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases , Tokyo, Japan
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Zhu Y, Zhu R, Wang M, Wu B, He X, Qian Y, Wang S. Anti-Metastatic and Anti-Angiogenic Activities of Core-Shell SiO 2@LDH Loaded with Etoposide in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2016; 3:1600229. [PMID: 27980999 PMCID: PMC5102674 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201600229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Currently, nanoparticles have gained a great attention in the anti-tumor research area. However, to date, studies on the anti-metastasis action of core-shell SiO2@LDH (LDH: layered double hydroxide) nanoparticles remain untouched. Two emerging aspects considered are establishing research on the controlling delivery effect of SiO2@LDH combined with anti-cancer medicine from a new perspective. The fine properties synthetic SiO2@LDH-VP16 (VP16: etoposide) are practiced to exhibit the nanoparticle's suppression on migration and invasion of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Both in vitro and in vivo inspection shows that SiO2@LDH can help VP16 better function as an anti-metastasis agent. On the other hand, anti-angiogenic efficiency, co-localization, as well as western blot are investigated to explain the possible mechanism. A clear mergence of SiO2@LDH-VP16 and cytomembrane/microtubule may be observed from co-location images. Results offer evidence that SiO2@LDH-VP16 plays positions on cytomembrane and microtubules. It efficiently inhibits metastasis on NSCLC by reducing vascularization, and eliciting depression of the PI3K-AKT and FAK-Paxillin signaling pathways. SiO2@LDH-VP16, the overall particle morphology, and function on anti-metastasis and anti-angiogenic may be tuned to give new opportunities for novel strategies for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjing Zhu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East HospitalSchool of Life Science and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghai200092China
| | - Rongrong Zhu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East HospitalSchool of Life Science and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghai200092China
| | - Mei Wang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East HospitalSchool of Life Science and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghai200092China
| | - Bin Wu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East HospitalSchool of Life Science and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghai200092China
| | - Xiaolie He
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East HospitalSchool of Life Science and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghai200092China
| | - Yechang Qian
- Department of Respiratory DiseaseBaoshan District Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineShanghai201900China
| | - Shilong Wang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East HospitalSchool of Life Science and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghai200092China
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Blomme A, Costanza B, de Tullio P, Thiry M, Van Simaeys G, Boutry S, Doumont G, Di Valentin E, Hirano T, Yokobori T, Gofflot S, Peulen O, Bellahcène A, Sherer F, Le Goff C, Cavalier E, Mouithys-Mickalad A, Jouret F, Cusumano PG, Lifrange E, Muller RN, Goldman S, Delvenne P, De Pauw E, Nishiyama M, Castronovo V, Turtoi A. Myoferlin regulates cellular lipid metabolism and promotes metastases in triple-negative breast cancer. Oncogene 2016; 36:2116-2130. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Anwar SL, Wahyono A, Aryandono T, Haryono SJ. Caveolin-1 in Breast Cancer: Single Molecule Regulation of Multiple Key Signaling Pathways. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:6803-12. [PMID: 26514450 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.16.6803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Caveolin-1 is a 22-kD trans-membrane protein enriched in particular plasma membrane invaginations known as caveolae. Cav-1 expression is often dysregulated in human breast cancers, being commonly upregulated in cancer cells and downregulated in stromal cells. As an intracellular scaffolding protein, Cav-1, is involved in several vital biological regulations including endocytosis, transcytosis, vesicular transport, and signaling pathways. Several pathways are modulated by Cav-1 including estrogen receptor, EGFR, Her2/neu, TGFβ, and mTOR and represent as major drivers in mammary carcinogenesis. Expression and role of Cav-1 in breast carcinogenesis is highly variable depending on the stage of tumor development as well as context of the cell. However, recent data have shown that downregulation of Cav-1 expression in stromal breast tumors is associated with frequent relapse, resistance to therapy, and poor outcome. Modification of Cav-1 expression for translational cancer therapy is particularly challenging since numerous signaling pathways might be affected. This review focuses on present understanding of Cav-1 in breast carcinogenesis and its potential role as a new biomarker for predicting therapeutic response and prognosis as well as new target for therapeutic manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumadi Lukman Anwar
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia E-mail :
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Blaas D. Viral entry pathways: the example of common cold viruses. Wien Med Wochenschr 2016; 166:211-26. [PMID: 27174165 PMCID: PMC4871925 DOI: 10.1007/s10354-016-0461-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
For infection, viruses deliver their genomes into the host cell. These nucleic acids are usually tightly packed within the viral capsid, which, in turn, is often further enveloped within a lipid membrane. Both protect them against the hostile environment. Proteins and/or lipids on the viral particle promote attachment to the cell surface and internalization. They are likewise often involved in release of the genome inside the cell for its use as a blueprint for production of new viruses. In the following, I shall cursorily discuss the early more general steps of viral infection that include receptor recognition, uptake into the cell, and uncoating of the viral genome. The later sections will concentrate on human rhinoviruses, the main cause of the common cold, with respect to the above processes. Much of what is known on the underlying mechanisms has been worked out by Renate Fuchs at the Medical University of Vienna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Blaas
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter, Dr. Bohr Gasse 9/3, 1030, Vienna, Austria.
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Hegan PS, Lanahan AA, Simons M, Mooseker MS. Myosin VI and cardiomyopathy: Left ventricular hypertrophy, fibrosis, and both cardiac and pulmonary vascular endothelial cell defects in the Snell's waltzer mouse. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2016; 72:373-87. [PMID: 26265212 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In mice and humans, loss of myosin VI (Myo6) function results in deafness, and certain Myo6 mutations also result in cardiomyopathies in humans. The current studies have utilized the Snell's waltzer (sv) mouse (a functional null mutation for Myo6) to determine if this mouse also exhibits cardiac defects and thus used to determine the cellular and molecular basis for Myo6-associated heart disease. Myo6 is expressed in mouse heart where it is predominantly expressed in vascular endothelial cells (VECs) based on co-localization with the VEC cell marker CD31. Sv/sv heart mass is significantly greater than that of sv/+ littermates, a result of left ventricle hypertrophy. The left ventricle of the sv/sv exhibits extensive fibrosis, both interstitial and perivascular, based on histologic staining, and immunolocalization of several markers for fibrosis including fibronectin, collagen IV, and the fibroblast marker vimentin. Myo6 is also expressed in lung VECs but not in VECs of intestine, kidney, or liver. Sv/sv lungs exhibit increased periaveolar fibrosis and enlarged air sacs. Electron microscopy of sv/sv cardiac and lung VECs revealed abnormal ultrastructure, including luminal protrusions and increased numbers of cytoplasmic vesicles. Previous studies have shown that loss of function of either Myo6 or its adaptor binding partner synectin/GIPC results in impaired arterial development due to defects in VEGF signaling. However, examination of synectin/GIPC-/- heart revealed no fibrosis or significantly altered VEC ultrastructure, suggesting that the cardiac and lung defects observed in the sv/sv mouse are not due to Myo6 function in arterial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S Hegan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Anthony A Lanahan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Michael Simons
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Mark S Mooseker
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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Endocytic pathways and endosomal trafficking: a primer. Wien Med Wochenschr 2016; 166:196-204. [PMID: 26861668 DOI: 10.1007/s10354-016-0432-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This brief overview of endocytic trafficking is written in honor of Renate Fuchs, who retires this year. In the mid-1980s, Renate pioneered studies on the ion-conducting properties of the recently discovered early and late endosomes and the mechanisms governing endosomal acidification. As described in this review, after uptake through one of many mechanistically distinct endocytic pathways, internalized proteins merge into a common early/sorting endosome. From there they again diverge along distinct sorting pathways, back to the cell surface, on to the trans-Golgi network or across polarized cells. Other transmembrane receptors are packaged into intraluminal vesicles of late endosomes/multivesicular bodies that eventually fuse with and deliver their content to lysosomes for degradation. Endosomal acidification, in part, determines sorting along this pathway. We describe other sorting machinery and mechanisms, as well as the rab proteins and phosphatidylinositol lipids that serve to dynamically define membrane compartments along the endocytic pathway.
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Lysosomal cysteine peptidases – Molecules signaling tumor cell death and survival. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 35:168-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Mruk DD, Cheng CY. The Mammalian Blood-Testis Barrier: Its Biology and Regulation. Endocr Rev 2015; 36:564-91. [PMID: 26357922 PMCID: PMC4591527 DOI: 10.1210/er.2014-1101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 386] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is the cellular process by which spermatogonia develop into mature spermatids within seminiferous tubules, the functional unit of the mammalian testis, under the structural and nutritional support of Sertoli cells and the precise regulation of endocrine factors. As germ cells develop, they traverse the seminiferous epithelium, a process that involves restructuring of Sertoli-germ cell junctions, as well as Sertoli-Sertoli cell junctions at the blood-testis barrier. The blood-testis barrier, one of the tightest tissue barriers in the mammalian body, divides the seminiferous epithelium into 2 compartments, basal and adluminal. The blood-testis barrier is different from most other tissue barriers in that it is not only comprised of tight junctions. Instead, tight junctions coexist and cofunction with ectoplasmic specializations, desmosomes, and gap junctions to create a unique microenvironment for the completion of meiosis and the subsequent development of spermatids into spermatozoa via spermiogenesis. Studies from the past decade or so have identified the key structural, scaffolding, and signaling proteins of the blood-testis barrier. More recent studies have defined the regulatory mechanisms that underlie blood-testis barrier function. We review here the biology and regulation of the mammalian blood-testis barrier and highlight research areas that should be expanded in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores D Mruk
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York 10065
| | - C Yan Cheng
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York 10065
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Wu Y, Zhong A, Zheng H, Jiang M, Xia Z, Yu J, Chen L, Huang X. Expression of Flotilin-2 and Acrosome Biogenesis Are Regulated by MiR-124 during Spermatogenesis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136671. [PMID: 26313572 PMCID: PMC4551675 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short non-coding RNA molecules, which diversely regulate gene expression in organisms. Although the regulatory role of these small RNA molecules has been recently explored in animal spermatogenesis, the role of miR-124 in male germ cells is poorly defined. In our previous study, flotillin-2 was investigated as a novel Golgi-related protein involved in sperm acrosome biogenesis. The current study was designed to analyze the contribution of miR-124 in the regulation of flotillin-2 expression during mouse acrosome biogenesis. Luciferase assays revealed the target effects of miR-124 on flotillin-2 expression. Following intratesticular injection of miR-124 in 3-week-old male mice, quantitative real-time RT-PCR and western blot analysis were employed to confirm the function of miR-124 in regulating flotillin-2 after 48 hours. Sperm abnormalities were assessed 3 weeks later by ordinary optical microscopy, the acrosome abnormalities were also assessed by PNA staining and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed the proportion of sperm acrosome abnormalities was significantly higher than that of the control group. The expression of flotillin-2 and caveolin-1 was significantly downregulated during acrosome biogenesis. These results indicated that miR-124 could potentially play a role in caveolin-independent vesicle trafficking and modulation of flotillin-2 expression in mouse acrosome biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Wu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ahong Zhong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haoyu Zheng
- State Key laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Min Jiang
- State Key laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhengrong Xia
- State Key laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jinjin Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
- * E-mail: (XH); (LC)
| | - Xiaoyan Huang
- State Key laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- * E-mail: (XH); (LC)
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Root KT, Plucinsky SM, Glover KJ. Recent progress in the topology, structure, and oligomerization of caveolin: a building block of caveolae. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2015; 75:305-36. [PMID: 26015287 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Caveolae are cholesterol-rich plasma membrane invaginations that are found in a plethora of cell types. They play many roles including signal transduction, endocytosis, and mechanoprotection. The most critical protein in caveolae is the integral membrane protein, caveolin, which has been shown to be necessary for caveolae formation, and governs the major functions attributed to caveolae. Caveolin is postulated to act as a scaffold in the high molecular weight striated coat that surrounds the caveolar bulb, stabilizing it. Caveolin interacts, both directly and indirectly, with a large number of signaling molecules, and presides over the endocytosis of molecular cargo by caveolae. However, many of the key biophysical aspects of the caveolin protein, its structure, topology, and oligomeric behavior, are just beginning to come to light. Herein is an up-to-date summary and critique of the progress that has been made in understanding caveolin on a molecular and atomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle T Root
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA
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Gahan PB. The Biology of CNAPS. ADVANCES IN PREDICTIVE, PREVENTIVE AND PERSONALISED MEDICINE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-9168-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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40
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Li Z, Jiang H, Xu C, Gu L. A review: Using nanoparticles to enhance absorption and bioavailability of phenolic phytochemicals. Food Hydrocoll 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2014.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Identification of phosphatidylcholine transfer protein-like in the parasite Entamoeba histolytica. Biochimie 2014; 107 Pt B:223-34. [PMID: 25223890 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2014.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Caveolin is the protein marker of caveola-mediated endocytosis. Previously, we demonstrated by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence that an anti-chick embryo caveolin-1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) recognizes a protein in amoeba extracts. Nevertheless, the caveolin-1 gene is absent in the Entamoeba histolytica genome database. In this work, the goal was to isolate, identify and characterize the protein that cross-reacts with chick embryo caveolin-1. We identified the protein using a proteomic approach, and the complete gene was cloned and sequenced. The identified protein, E. histolytica phosphatidylcholine transfer protein-like (EhPCTP-L), is a member of the StAR-related lipid transfer (START) protein superfamily. The human homolog binds and transfers phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) between model membranes in vitro; however, the physiological role of PCTP-L remains elusive. Studies in silico showed that EhPCTP-L has a central START domain and also contains a C-terminal intrinsically disordered region. The anti-rEhPCTP-L antibody demonstrated that EhPCTP-L is found in the plasma membrane and cytosol, which is in agreement with previous reports on the human counterpart. This result points to the plasma membrane as one possible target membrane for EhPCTP-L. Furthermore, assays using filipin and nystatin showed down regulation of EhPCTP-L, in an apparently cholesterol-independent way. Interestingly, EhPCTP-L binds primarily to anionic phospholipids phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidic acid (PA), while its mammalian counterpart HsPCTP-L binds neutral phospholipids PC and PE. The present study provides information that helps reveal the possible function and regulation of PCTP-L expression in the primitive eukaryotic parasite E. histolytica.
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Hothersall JD, Moffat C, Connolly CN. Prolonged inhibition of 5-HT₃ receptors by palonosetron results from surface receptor inhibition rather than inducing receptor internalization. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 169:1252-62. [PMID: 23581504 PMCID: PMC3831706 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Revised: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The 5-HT₃ receptor antagonist palonosetron is an important treatment for emesis and nausea during cancer therapy. Its clinical efficacy may result from its unique binding and clearance characteristics and receptor down-regulation mechanisms. We investigated the mechanisms by which palonosetron exerts its long-term inhibition of 5-HT₃ receptors for a better understanding of its clinical efficacy. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Cell surface receptors (recombinantly expressed 5HT₃A or 5HT₃AB in COS-7 cells) were monitored using [³H]granisetron binding and ELISA after exposure to palonosetron. Receptor endocytosis was investigated using immunofluorescence microscopy. KEY RESULTS Chronic exposure to palonosetron reduced the number of available cell surface [³H]granisetron binding sites. This down-regulation was not sensitive to either low temperature or pharmacological inhibitors of endocytosis (dynasore or nystatin) suggesting that internalization did not play a role. This was corroborated by our observation that there was no change in cell surface 5-HT₃ receptor levels or increase in endocytic rate. Palonosetron exhibited slow dissociation from the receptor over many hours, with a significant proportion of binding sites being occupied for at least 4 days. Furthermore, our observations suggest that chronic receptor down-regulation involved interactions with an allosteric binding site. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Palonosetron acts as a pseudo-irreversible antagonist causing prolonged inhibition of 5-HT₃ receptors due to its very slow dissociation. In addition, an irreversible binding mode persists for at least 4 days. Allosteric receptor interactions appear to play a role in this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Daniel Hothersall
- Division of Neuroscience, Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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Effects and Mechanism Analysis of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Salvianolic Acid B on 125I-Low Density Lipoprotein Permeability of the Rabbit Aortary Endothelial Cells. Cell Biochem Biophys 2014; 70:1533-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s12013-014-0089-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Involvement of microtubular network and its motors in productive endocytic trafficking of mouse polyomavirus. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96922. [PMID: 24810588 PMCID: PMC4014599 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection of non-enveloped polyomaviruses depends on an intact microtubular network. Here we focus on mouse polyomavirus (MPyV). We show that the dynamics of MPyV cytoplasmic transport reflects the characteristics of microtubular motor-driven transport with bi-directional saltatory movements. In cells treated with microtubule-disrupting agents, localization of MPyV was significantly perturbed, the virus was retained at the cell periphery, mostly within membrane structures resembling multicaveolar complexes, and at later times post-infection, only a fraction of the virus was found in Rab7-positive endosomes and multivesicular bodies. Inhibition of cytoplasmic dynein-based motility by overexpression of dynamitin affected perinuclear translocation of the virus, delivery of virions to the ER and substantially reduced the numbers of infected cells, while overexpression of dominant-negative form of kinesin-1 or kinesin-2 had no significant impact on virus localization and infectivity. We also found that transport along microtubules was important for MPyV-containing endosome sequential acquisition of Rab5, Rab7 and Rab11 GTPases. However, in contrast to dominant-negative mutant of Rab7 (T22N), overexpression of dominant-negative mutant Rab11 (S25N) did not affect the virus infectivity. Altogether, our study revealed that MPyV cytoplasmic trafficking leading to productive infection bypasses recycling endosomes, does not require the function of kinesin-1 and kinesin-2, but depends on functional dynein-mediated transport along microtubules for translocation of the virions from peripheral, often caveolin-positive compartments to late endosomes and ER – a prerequisite for efficient delivery of the viral genome to the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Gahan
- Anatomy & Human Sciences; King's College London; London Bridge London SE1 1UL UK
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Hernandez VJ, Weng J, Ly P, Pompey S, Dong H, Mishra L, Schwarz M, Anderson RGW, Michaely P. Cavin-3 dictates the balance between ERK and Akt signaling. eLife 2013; 2:e00905. [PMID: 24069528 PMCID: PMC3780650 DOI: 10.7554/elife.00905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cavin-3 is a tumor suppressor protein of unknown function. Using both in vivo and in vitro approaches, we show that cavin-3 dictates the balance between ERK and Akt signaling. Loss of cavin-3 increases Akt signaling at the expense of ERK, while gain of cavin-3 increases ERK signaling at the expense Akt. Cavin-3 facilitates signal transduction to ERK by anchoring caveolae to the membrane skeleton of the plasma membrane via myosin-1c. Caveolae are lipid raft specializations that contain an ERK activation module and loss of the cavin-3 linkage reduces the abundance of caveolae, thereby separating this ERK activation module from signaling receptors. Loss of cavin-3 promotes Akt signaling through suppression of EGR1 and PTEN. The in vitro consequences of the loss of cavin-3 include induction of Warburg metabolism (aerobic glycolysis), accelerated cell proliferation, and resistance to apoptosis. The in vivo consequences of cavin-3 knockout are increased lactate production and cachexia. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.00905.001.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor J Hernandez
- Department of Cell Biology , University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas , United States
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Receptor-mediated endocytosis and brain delivery of therapeutic biologics. Int J Cell Biol 2013; 2013:703545. [PMID: 23840214 PMCID: PMC3693099 DOI: 10.1155/2013/703545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Transport of macromolecules across the blood-brain-barrier (BBB) requires both specific and nonspecific interactions between macromolecules and proteins/receptors expressed on the luminal and/or the abluminal surfaces of the brain capillary endothelial cells. Endocytosis and transcytosis play important roles in the distribution of macromolecules. Due to the tight junction of BBB, brain delivery of traditional therapeutic proteins with large molecular weight is generally not possible. There are multiple pathways through which macromolecules can be taken up into cells through both specific and nonspecific interactions with proteins/receptors on the cell surface. This review is focused on the current knowledge of receptor-mediated endocytosis/transcytosis and brain delivery using the Angiopep-2-conjugated system and the molecular Trojan horses. In addition, the role of neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) in regulating the efflux of Immunoglobulin G (IgG) from brain to blood, and approaches to improve the pharmacokinetics of therapeutic biologics by generating Fc fusion proteins, and increasing the pH dependent binding affinity between Fc and FcRn, are discussed.
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Lipid raft- and SRC family kinase-dependent entry of coxsackievirus B into human placental trophoblasts. J Virol 2013; 87:8569-81. [PMID: 23720726 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00708-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal-fetal transmission of group B coxsackieviruses (CVB) during pregnancy has been associated with a number of diverse pathological outcomes, including hydrops fetalis, fetal myocarditis, meningoencephalitis, neurodevelopmental delays, congenital skin lesions, miscarriage, and/or stillbirth. Throughout pregnancy, the placenta forms a critical antimicrobial protective barrier at the maternal-fetal interface. Despite the severity of diseases accompanying fetal CVB infections, little is known regarding the strategies used by CVB to gain entry into placental trophoblasts. Here we used both a trophoblast cell line and primary human trophoblasts to demonstrate the mechanism by which CVB gains entry into polarized placental trophoblasts. Our studies revealed that the kinetics of CVB entry into placental trophoblasts are similar to those previously described for polarized intestinal epithelial cells. Likewise, CVB entry into placental trophoblasts requires decay-accelerating factor (DAF) binding and involves relocalization of the virus from the apical surface to intercellular tight junctions. In contrast, we have identified a divergent mechanism for CVB entry into polarized trophoblasts that is clathrin, caveolin-1, and dynamin II independent but requires intact lipid rafts. In addition, we found that members of the Src family of tyrosine kinases were required for CVB entry. Our studies highlight the complexity of viral entry into human placental trophoblasts and may serve as a model for mechanisms used by diverse pathogens to penetrate the placental barrier.
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Lige B, Romano JD, Sampels V, Sonda S, Joiner KA, Coppens I. Introduction of caveolae structural proteins into the protozoan Toxoplasma results in the formation of heterologous caveolae but not caveolar endocytosis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51773. [PMID: 23272165 PMCID: PMC3522706 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Present on the plasma membrane of most metazoans, caveolae are specialized microdomains implicated in several endocytic and trafficking mechanisms. Caveolins and the more recently discovered cavins are the major protein components of caveolae. Previous studies reported that caveolar invaginations can be induced de novo on the surface of caveolae-negative mammalian cells upon heterologous expression of caveolin-1. However, it remains undocumented whether other components in the transfected cells participate in caveolae formation. To address this issue, we have exploited the protozoan Toxoplasma as a heterologous expression system to provide insights into the minimal requirements for caveogenesis and caveolar endocytosis. Upon expression of caveolin-1, Toxoplasma accumulates prototypical exocytic caveolae 'precursors' in the cytoplasm. Toxoplasma expressing caveolin-1 alone, or in conjunction with cavin-1, neither develops surface-located caveolae nor internalizes caveolar ligands. These data suggest that the formation of functional caveolae at the plasma membrane in Toxoplasma and, by inference in all non-mammalian cells, requires effectors other than caveolin-1 and cavin-1. Interestingly, Toxoplasma co-expressing caveolin-1 and cavin-1 displays an impressive spiraled network of membranes containing the two proteins, in the cytoplasm. This suggests a synergistic activity of caveolin-1 and cavin-1 in the morphogenesis and remodeling of membranes, as illustrated for Toxoplasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Lige
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Julia D. Romano
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Vera Sampels
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sabrina Sonda
- Institute of Parasitology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Keith A. Joiner
- Arizona Health Science Center, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Isabelle Coppens
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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Stehbens S, Wittmann T. Targeting and transport: how microtubules control focal adhesion dynamics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 198:481-9. [PMID: 22908306 PMCID: PMC3514042 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201206050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Directional cell migration requires force generation that relies on the
coordinated remodeling of interactions with the extracellular matrix (ECM),
which is mediated by integrin-based focal adhesions (FAs). Normal FA turnover
requires dynamic microtubules, and three members of the diverse group of
microtubule plus-end-tracking proteins are principally involved in mediating
microtubule interactions with FAs. Microtubules also alter the assembly state of
FAs by modulating Rho GTPase signaling, and recent evidence suggests that
microtubule-mediated clathrin-dependent and -independent endocytosis regulates
FA dynamics. In addition, FA-associated microtubules may provide a polarized
microtubule track for localized secretion of matrix metalloproteases (MMPs).
Thus, different aspects of the molecular mechanisms by which microtubules
control FA turnover in migrating cells are beginning to emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Stehbens
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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