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Chokkakula S, Oh S, Choi WS, Kim CI, Jeong JH, Kim BK, Park JH, Min SC, Kim EG, Baek YH, Choi YK, Song MS. Mammalian adaptation risk in HPAI H5N8: a comprehensive model bridging experimental data with mathematical insights. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2339949. [PMID: 38572657 PMCID: PMC11022924 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2339949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the mammalian pathogenesis and interspecies transmission of HPAI H5N8 virus hinges on mapping its adaptive markers. We used deep sequencing to track these markers over five passages in murine lung tissue. Subsequently, we evaluated the growth, selection, and RNA load of eight recombinant viruses with mammalian adaptive markers. By leveraging an integrated non-linear regression model, we quantitatively determined the influence of these markers on growth, adaptation, and RNA expression in mammalian hosts. Furthermore, our findings revealed that the interplay of these markers can lead to synergistic, additive, or antagonistic effects when combined. The elucidation distance method then transformed these results into distinct values, facilitating the derivation of a risk score for each marker. In vivo tests affirmed the accuracy of scores. As more mutations were incorporated, the overall risk score of virus heightened, and the optimal interplay between markers became essential for risk augmentation. Our study provides a robust model to assess risk from adaptive markers of HPAI H5N8, guiding strategies against future influenza threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Chokkakula
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sol Oh
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Suk Choi
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Il Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hwan Jeong
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Kyu Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Park
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Cheol Min
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eung-Gook Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Hee Baek
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ki Choi
- Center for Study of Emerging and Re-emerging Viruses, Korea Virus Research Institute, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Suk Song
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
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Yang B, Lee H, Ryu J, Park DW, Park TS, Chung JE, Kim TH, Sohn JW, Kim EG, Choe KH, Yoon HJ, Moon JY. Impacts of regular physical activity on hospitalisation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a nationwide population-based study. BMJ Open Respir Res 2024; 11:e001789. [PMID: 38346848 PMCID: PMC10862297 DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2023-001789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Studies that comprehensively evaluate the association between physical activity (PA) levels, particularly by quantifying PA intensity, and healthcare use requiring emergency department (ED) visit or hospitalisation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are limited in Korea. METHODS The risk of all-cause and respiratory ED visit or hospitalisation according to the presence or absence of COPD and the level of PA was evaluated in a retrospective nationwide cohort comprising 3308 subjects with COPD (COPD cohort) and 293 358 subjects without COPD (non-COPD cohort) from 2009 to 2017. RESULTS The COPD group exhibited a higher relative risk of all-cause and respiratory ED visit or hospitalisation across all levels of PA compared with the highly active control group (≥1500 metabolic equivalents (METs)-min/week). Specifically, the highest risk was observed in the sedentary group (adjusted HR (aHR) (95% CI) = 1.70 (1.59 to 1.81) for all-cause ED visit or hospitalisation, 5.45 (4.86 to 6.12) for respiratory ED visit or hospitalisation). A 500 MET-min/week increase in PA was associated with reductions in all-cause and respiratory ED visit or hospitalisation in the COPD cohort (aHR (95% CI) = 0.92 (0.88 to 0.96) for all-cause, 0.87 (0.82 to 0.93) for respiratory cause). CONCLUSIONS Compared with the presumed healthiest cohort, the control group with PA>1500 METs-min/week, the COPD group with reduced PA has a higher risk of ED visit or hospitalisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bumhee Yang
- 1Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Hyun Lee
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Jiin Ryu
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Dong Won Park
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Tai Sun Park
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Jee-Eun Chung
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Tae-Hyung Kim
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Jang Won Sohn
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Eung-Gook Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Kang Hyeon Choe
- 1Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Ho Joo Yoon
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Ji-Yong Moon
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
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Kim SH, Cho JY, Kim M, Chung JM, Yang J, Seong C, Kim EG, Seok JW, Shin YM, Lee KM, Choe KH, Han JH, Yang B. Safety and efficacy of remimazolam compared with midazolam during bronchoscopy: a single-center, randomized controlled study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20498. [PMID: 37993525 PMCID: PMC10665376 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47271-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Although remimazolam is an ultra-short-acting benzodiazepine with a shorter elimination half-life and faster recovery time than midazolam, studies evaluating its safety and efficacy during bronchoscopy are limited. This study aimed to compare the safety and efficacy of remimazolam with those of midazolam for bronchoscopy. This prospective randomized parallel-group study was conducted at a single institution. The primary outcome was the time from the end of the procedure to full alertness. Other procedural time parameters, satisfaction profiles, and adverse effects were thoroughly evaluated. The time taken to reach peak sedation and the time from the end of the procedure to full alertness was significantly shorter in the remimazolam group than in the midazolam group (median [interquartile range], 2 min [1-4] vs. 3 min [2-5], P = 0.006; and median, 2 min [1-5] vs. 5 min [1-12], P = 0.035, respectively). In patients with non-biopsy procedures (n = 79), participant satisfaction was significantly higher in the remimazolam group than in the midazolam group (median rated scale, 10 vs. 7, P = 0.042). Physician satisfaction and willingness to repeat the procedure were similar between groups. Although the incidence of adverse effects was similar between the groups and there was no significant difference, the midazolam group had a higher antidote administration rate than the remimazolam group (15.7% vs. 4.1%, P = 0.092). Remimazolam is effective and safe for achieving adequate sedation, with a shorter onset time and faster neuropsychiatric recovery than midazolam. It may be a new option for sedation during bronchoscopy.Trial registration: The trial registration number is NCT05994547, and the date of first registration is 16/08/2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Hyung Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jun Yeun Cho
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Miyeon Kim
- Academic Cooperation Foundation, Chungbuk National University Industry, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Ji Min Chung
- Red Cross College of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jiyoul Yang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Changhwan Seong
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Eung-Gook Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jeong Won Seok
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Yoon Mi Shin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Ki Man Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Kang Hyeon Choe
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Joung-Ho Han
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea.
| | - Bumhee Yang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea.
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Kim MK, Han SH, Park TG, Song SH, Lee JY, Lee YS, Yoo SY, Chi XZ, Kim EG, Jang JW, Lim DS, van Wijnen AJ, Lee JW, Bae SC. The TGFβ→TAK1→LATS→YAP1 Pathway Regulates the Spatiotemporal Dynamics of YAP1. Mol Cells 2023; 46:592-610. [PMID: 37706312 PMCID: PMC10590711 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2023.0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hippo kinase cascade functions as a central hub that relays input from the "outside world" of the cell and translates it into specific cellular responses by regulating the activity of Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1). How Hippo translates input from the extracellular signals into specific intracellular responses remains unclear. Here, we show that transforming growth factor β (TGFβ)-activated TAK1 activates LATS1/2, which then phosphorylates YAP1. Phosphorylated YAP1 (p-YAP1) associates with RUNX3, but not with TEAD4, to form a TGFβ-stimulated restriction (R)-point-associated complex which activates target chromatin loci in the nucleus. Soon after, p-YAP1 is exported to the cytoplasm. Attenuation of TGFβ signaling results in re-localization of unphosphorylated YAP1 to the nucleus, where it forms a YAP1/TEAD4/SMAD3/AP1/p300 complex. The TGFβ-stimulated spatiotemporal dynamics of YAP1 are abrogated in many cancer cells. These results identify a new pathway that integrates TGFβ signals and the Hippo pathway (TGFβ→TAK1→LATS1/2→YAP1 cascade) with a novel dynamic nuclear role for p-YAP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Kyu Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Institute for Tumour Research, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Han
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Institute for Tumour Research, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Tae-Geun Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Institute for Tumour Research, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Soo-Hyun Song
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Institute for Tumour Research, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Ja-Youl Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Institute for Tumour Research, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - You-Soub Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Institute for Tumour Research, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Seo-Yeong Yoo
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Institute for Tumour Research, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Xin-Zi Chi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Institute for Tumour Research, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Eung-Gook Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Ju-Won Jang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Cheongju University, Cheongju 28503, Korea
| | - Dae Sik Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Andre J. van Wijnen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Jung-Won Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Institute for Tumour Research, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Suk-Chul Bae
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Institute for Tumour Research, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
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Yang B, Kim BG, Han K, Jung JH, Kim JH, Park DW, Kim SH, Kim EG, Sohn JW, Yoon HJ, Choi H, Lee H. Systemic sclerosis and risk of bronchiectasis: a nationwide longitudinal cohort study. Arthritis Res Ther 2023; 25:209. [PMID: 37872606 PMCID: PMC10591419 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-023-03189-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between systemic sclerosis and the development of bronchiectasis is unclear. This study aimed to compare the risk of bronchiectasis between individuals with systemic sclerosis and those without using a nationwide longitudinal dataset. METHODS Using the Korean National Health Insurance Service dataset between 2010 and 2017, we identified 4845 individuals aged ≥ 20 years with systemic sclerosis and 24,225 without systemic sclerosis who were matched 1:5 by age and sex. They were followed up until the date of a bronchiectasis diagnosis, death, or December 31, 2019, whichever came first. RESULTS During a median follow-up period of 6.0 (interquartile range, 3.2-8.7) years, 5.3% of the systemic sclerosis cohort and 1.9% of the matched cohort developed bronchiectasis, with incidence rates of 9.99 and 3.23 per 1000 person-years, respectively. Even after adjusting for potential confounders, the risk of incident bronchiectasis was significantly higher in the systemic sclerosis cohort than in the matched cohort (adjusted hazard ratio 2.63, 95% confidence interval 2.22-3.12). A subgroup analysis of individuals with systemic sclerosis revealed that the risk of incident bronchiectasis was notably higher in younger individuals aged 20-39 years (P for interaction = 0.048) and in those without other coexisting connective tissue diseases (P for interaction = 0.006) than in their counterparts. CONCLUSIONS The risk of incident bronchiectasis is higher in individuals with systemic sclerosis than those without. Bronchiectasis should be considered one of the pulmonary manifestations related to systemic sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bumhee Yang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Guen Kim
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, 222-1, Wangsimni-ro, Seoul, Seongdong-gu, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hyung Jung
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyoun Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Won Park
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, 222-1, Wangsimni-ro, Seoul, Seongdong-gu, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Heon Kim
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, 222-1, Wangsimni-ro, Seoul, Seongdong-gu, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Eung-Gook Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang Won Sohn
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, 222-1, Wangsimni-ro, Seoul, Seongdong-gu, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Joo Yoon
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, 222-1, Wangsimni-ro, Seoul, Seongdong-gu, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hayoung Choi
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, 1 Singil-ro, Seoul, Yeongdeungpo-gu, 07441, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun Lee
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, 222-1, Wangsimni-ro, Seoul, Seongdong-gu, 04763, Republic of Korea.
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Lee JY, Lee JW, Park TG, Han SH, Yoo SY, Jung KM, Kim DM, Lee OJ, Kim D, Chi XZ, Kim EG, Lee YS, Bae SC. Runx3 Restoration Regresses K-Ras-Activated Mouse Lung Cancers and Inhibits Recurrence. Cells 2023; 12:2438. [PMID: 37887282 PMCID: PMC10605764 DOI: 10.3390/cells12202438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic K-RAS mutations occur in approximately 25% of human lung cancers and are most frequently found in codon 12 (G12C, G12V, and G12D). Mutated K-RAS inhibitors have shown beneficial results in many patients; however, the inhibitors specifically target K-RASG12C and acquired resistance is a common occurrence. Therefore, new treatments targeting all kinds of oncogenic K-RAS mutations with a durable response are needed. RUNX3 acts as a pioneer factor of the restriction (R)-point, which is critical for the life and death of cells. RUNX3 is inactivated in most K-RAS-activated mouse and human lung cancers. Deletion of mouse lung Runx3 induces adenomas (ADs) and facilitates the development of K-Ras-activated adenocarcinomas (ADCs). In this study, conditional restoration of Runx3 in an established K-Ras-activated mouse lung cancer model regressed both ADs and ADCs and suppressed cancer recurrence, markedly increasing mouse survival. Runx3 restoration suppressed K-Ras-activated lung cancer mainly through Arf-p53 pathway-mediated apoptosis and partly through p53-independent inhibition of proliferation. This study provides in vivo evidence supporting RUNX3 as a therapeutic tool for the treatment of K-RAS-activated lung cancers with a durable response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ja-Yeol Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Institute for Tumor Research, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea; (J.-Y.L.); (J.-W.L.); (T.-G.P.); (S.-H.H.); (S.-Y.Y.); (K.-M.J.); (D.-M.K.); (X.-Z.C.); (E.-G.K.)
| | - Jung-Won Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Institute for Tumor Research, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea; (J.-Y.L.); (J.-W.L.); (T.-G.P.); (S.-H.H.); (S.-Y.Y.); (K.-M.J.); (D.-M.K.); (X.-Z.C.); (E.-G.K.)
| | - Tae-Geun Park
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Institute for Tumor Research, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea; (J.-Y.L.); (J.-W.L.); (T.-G.P.); (S.-H.H.); (S.-Y.Y.); (K.-M.J.); (D.-M.K.); (X.-Z.C.); (E.-G.K.)
| | - Sang-Hyun Han
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Institute for Tumor Research, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea; (J.-Y.L.); (J.-W.L.); (T.-G.P.); (S.-H.H.); (S.-Y.Y.); (K.-M.J.); (D.-M.K.); (X.-Z.C.); (E.-G.K.)
| | - Seo-Yeong Yoo
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Institute for Tumor Research, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea; (J.-Y.L.); (J.-W.L.); (T.-G.P.); (S.-H.H.); (S.-Y.Y.); (K.-M.J.); (D.-M.K.); (X.-Z.C.); (E.-G.K.)
| | - Kyoung-Mi Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Institute for Tumor Research, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea; (J.-Y.L.); (J.-W.L.); (T.-G.P.); (S.-H.H.); (S.-Y.Y.); (K.-M.J.); (D.-M.K.); (X.-Z.C.); (E.-G.K.)
| | - Da-Mi Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Institute for Tumor Research, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea; (J.-Y.L.); (J.-W.L.); (T.-G.P.); (S.-H.H.); (S.-Y.Y.); (K.-M.J.); (D.-M.K.); (X.-Z.C.); (E.-G.K.)
| | - Ok-Jun Lee
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Chungbuk National University and Hospital, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea;
| | - Dohun Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Chungbuk National University and Hospital, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea;
| | - Xin-Zi Chi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Institute for Tumor Research, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea; (J.-Y.L.); (J.-W.L.); (T.-G.P.); (S.-H.H.); (S.-Y.Y.); (K.-M.J.); (D.-M.K.); (X.-Z.C.); (E.-G.K.)
| | - Eung-Gook Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Institute for Tumor Research, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea; (J.-Y.L.); (J.-W.L.); (T.-G.P.); (S.-H.H.); (S.-Y.Y.); (K.-M.J.); (D.-M.K.); (X.-Z.C.); (E.-G.K.)
| | - You-Soub Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Institute for Tumor Research, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea; (J.-Y.L.); (J.-W.L.); (T.-G.P.); (S.-H.H.); (S.-Y.Y.); (K.-M.J.); (D.-M.K.); (X.-Z.C.); (E.-G.K.)
| | - Suk-Chul Bae
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Institute for Tumor Research, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea; (J.-Y.L.); (J.-W.L.); (T.-G.P.); (S.-H.H.); (S.-Y.Y.); (K.-M.J.); (D.-M.K.); (X.-Z.C.); (E.-G.K.)
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Woo CG, Son SM, Kim EG, Lee OJ. pSlug S158 Immunohistochemistry is Useful in Grading Meningioma. Int J Surg Pathol 2023; 31:1021-1026. [PMID: 36172742 DOI: 10.1177/10668969221126121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Snail family transcriptional repressor 2 (SNAI2, Slug) is a transcription factor that belong to the Slug/Snail superfamily. Site specific phosphorylation of slug (pSlugS158) is detected during the M phase, and thus, this phosphorylated protein is considered a novel marker for detecting mitotic figures. Herein, we investigated whether the detection of mitosis using pSlugS158 expression can be used in the histological grading of meningioma. We performed immunohistochemistry for pSlugS158 and PHH3 in tissue samples of 61 patients with meningioma and examined the association between mitotic counts using pSlugS158 and recurrence-free survival (RFS). The nuclear expression of pSlugS158 was observed in the cell with mitotic figures. Tumor grading based on pSlugS158 was significantly associated with the RFS (p < .001). It can be concluded that pSlugS158 is a useful and practical marker to detect mitosis and seems to be reliable for the counting of mitoses in histological grading of meningioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Gok Woo
- Department of Pathology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
- Department of Pathology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Seung-Myoung Son
- Department of Pathology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
- Department of Pathology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Eung-Gook Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Ok-Jun Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
- Department of Pathology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
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Kim SH, Gu S, Kim JA, Im Y, Cho JY, Kim Y, Shin YM, Kim EG, Lee KM, Choe KH, Lee H, Yang B. Association Between Oral Health and Airflow Limitation: Analysis Using a Nationwide Survey in Korea. J Korean Med Sci 2023; 38:e241. [PMID: 37550809 PMCID: PMC10412030 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2023.38.e241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although poor oral health is a common comorbidity in individuals with airflow limitation (AFL), few studies have comprehensively evaluated this association. Furthermore, the association between oral health and the severity of AFL has not been well elucidated. METHODS Using a population-based nationwide survey, we classified individuals according to the presence or absence of AFL defined as pre-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity < 0.7. Using multivariable logistic regression analyses, we evaluated the association between AFL severity and the number of remaining teeth; the presence of periodontitis; the Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index; and denture wearing. RESULTS Among the 31,839 participants, 14% had AFL. Compared with the control group, the AFL group had a higher proportion of periodontitis (88.8% vs. 79.4%), complete denture (6.2% vs. 1.6%), and high DMFT index (37.3% vs. 27.8%) (P < 0.001 for all). In multivariable analyses, denture status: removable partial denture (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.12; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.04-1.20) and complete denture (aOR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.01-2.05), high DMFT index (aOR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.02-1.24), and fewer permanent teeth (0-19; aOR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.12-1.52) were significantly associated with AFL. Furthermore, those with severe to very severe AFL had a significantly higher proportion of complete denture (aOR, 2.41; 95% CI, 1.11-3.71) and fewer remaining teeth (0-19; aOR, 2.29; 95% CI, 1.57-3.01). CONCLUSION Denture wearing, high DMFT index, and fewer permanent teeth are significantly associated with AFL. Furthermore, a reduced number of permanent teeth (0-19) was significantly related to the severity of AFL. Therefore, physicians should pay attention to oral health in managing patients with AFL, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Hyung Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Seonhye Gu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Informatics, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Ae Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
| | - YoHan Im
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jun Yeun Cho
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Youlim Kim
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon Mi Shin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Eung-Gook Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Ki Man Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Kang Hyeon Choe
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Hyun Lee
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Bumhee Yang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea.
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9
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Oh K, Lee GW, Kim HB, Park JH, Shin EY, Kim EG. Regorafenib prevents the development of emphysema in a murine elastase model. BMB Rep 2023; 56:439-444. [PMID: 37357536 PMCID: PMC10471461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Emphysema is a chronic obstructive lung disease characterized by inflammation and enlargement of the air spaces. Regorafenib, a potential senomorphic drug, exhibited a therapeutic effect in porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE)-induced emphysema in mice. In the current study we examined the preventive role of regorafenib in development of emphysema. Lung function tests and morphometry showed that oral administration of regorafenib (5 mg/kg/day) for seven days after instillation of PPE resulted in attenuation of emphysema. Mechanistically, regorafenib reduced the recruitment of inflammatory cells, particularly macrophages and neutrophils, in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. In agreement with these findings, measurements using a cytokine array and ELISA showed that expression of inflammatory mediators including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and CXCL1/KC, and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloprotease-1 (TIMP-1), was downregulated. The results of immunohistochemical analysis confirmed that expression of IL-6, CXCL1/KC, and TIMP-1 was reduced in the lung parenchyma. Collectively, the results support the preventive role of regorafenib in development of emphysema in mice and provide mechanistic insights into prevention strategies. [BMB Reports 2023; 56(8): 439-444].
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwangseok Oh
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Gun-Wu Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Han-Byeol Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Jin-Hee Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Eun-Young Shin
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Eung-Gook Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
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10
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Jeong JH, Choi JH, Kim BK, Min SC, Chokkakula S, Oh S, Park JH, Shim SM, Kim EG, Choi YK, Lee JY, Baek YH, Song MS. Evaluating Z-FA-FMK, a host cathepsin L protease inhibitor, as a potent and broad-spectrum antiviral therapy against SARS-CoV-2 and related coronaviruses. Antiviral Res 2023; 216:105669. [PMID: 37437781 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Even though the World Health Organization announced the end of the COVID-19 pandemic as a global public health emergency on May 5, 2023, SARS-CoV-2 continues to pose a significant health threat worldwide, resulting in substantial numbers of infections and fatalities. This study investigated the antiviral potential of Z-FA-FMK (FMK), a novel host cathepsin L protease inhibitor, against SARS-CoV-2 infection using both in vitro and in vivo models. In vitro assessments of FMK against a diverse set of SARS-CoV-2 strains, including the Wuhan-like strain and nine variants, demonstrated potent inhibition with EC50 values ranging from 0.55 to 2.41 μM, showcasing similar or superior efficacy compared to FDA-approved antivirals nirmatrelvir (NTV) and molnupiravir (MPV). In vivo experiments using orally administered FMK (25 mg/kg) in SARS-CoV-2-infected K18 hACE2 transgenic mice revealed improved survival rates of 60% and accelerated recovery compared to NTV and MPV treatments. Additionally, FMK displayed a longer half-life (17.26 ± 8.89 h) than NTV and MPV in the mouse model. Due to its host-targeting mechanism, FMK offers potential advantages such as reduced drug resistance and broad-spectrum antiviral activity against multiple coronaviruses. These findings indicate that FMK may serve as a promising candidate for further clinical evaluation in the fight against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hwan Jeong
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Hoon Choi
- Division of Acute Viral Disease, Center for Emerging Virus Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Kyu Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Cheol Min
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Santosh Chokkakula
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Sol Oh
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Park
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Mu Shim
- Division of Acute Viral Disease, Center for Emerging Virus Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Eung-Gook Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ki Choi
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea; Center for Study of Emerging and Re-emerging Viruses, Korea Virus Research Institute, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Yeon Lee
- Center for Emerging Virus Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yun Hee Baek
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min-Suk Song
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Jeong JH, Lee WH, Min SC, Kim BK, Park OB, Chokkakula S, Ahn SJ, Oh S, Park JH, Jung JW, Jung JM, Kim EG, Song MS. Evaluation of the Antiviral Efficacy of Subcutaneous Nafamostat Formulated with Glycyrrhizic Acid against SARS-CoV-2 in a Murine Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119579. [PMID: 37298530 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic highlights the urgent need for effective antiviral agents and vaccines. Drug repositioning, which involves modifying existing drugs, offers a promising approach for expediting the development of novel therapeutics. In this study, we developed a new drug, MDB-MDB-601a-NM, by modifying the existing drug nafamostat (NM) with the incorporation of glycyrrhizic acid (GA). We assessed the pharmacokinetic profiles of MDB-601a-NM and nafamostat in Sprague-Dawley rats, revealing rapid clearance of nafamostat and sustained drug concentration of MDB-601a-NM after subcutaneous administration. Single-dose toxicity studies showed potential toxicity and persistent swelling at the injection site with high-dose administration of MDB-601a-NM. Furthermore, we evaluated the efficacy of MDB-601a-NM in protecting against SARS-CoV-2 infection using the K18 hACE-2 transgenic mouse model. Mice treated with 60 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg of MDB-601a-NM exhibited improved protectivity in terms of weight loss and survival rates compared to the nafamostat-treated group. Histopathological analysis revealed dose-dependent improvements in histopathological changes and enhanced inhibitory efficacy in MDB-601a-NM-treated groups. Notably, no viral replication was detected in the brain tissue when mice were treated with 60 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg of MDB-601a-NM. Our developed MDB-601a-NM, a modified Nafamostat with glycyrrhizic acid, shows improved protectivity against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Its sustained drug concentration after subcutaneous administration and dose-dependent improvements makes it a promising therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hwan Jeong
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju-si 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Hee Lee
- MODNBIO Inc., Seoul 08378, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Cheol Min
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju-si 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Kyu Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju-si 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - On Bi Park
- Biomedical Engineering from the Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Advanced Fusion Technology, Cheongju University, Cheongju-si 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Santosh Chokkakula
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju-si 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Ju Ahn
- Biomedical Engineering from the Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Advanced Fusion Technology, Cheongju University, Cheongju-si 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Sol Oh
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju-si 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Park
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju-si 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Jung
- Department of Medical Engineering, Catholic University of Daegu (DCU), Gyeongsan-si 38430, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Min Jung
- Department of Medical IT, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si 25601, Republic of Korea
| | - Eung-Gook Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Suk Song
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju-si 28644, Republic of Korea
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12
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Cho JY, Kim MY, Kim JH, Kim EG, Kim SH, Yang B, Kang H, Lee KM, Choe KH, Shin YM. Characteristics and intrasubject variation in the respiratory microbiome in interstitial lung disease. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33402. [PMID: 37026952 PMCID: PMC10082288 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have reported that the lower airway microbiome may play an essential role in the development and progression of interstitial lung disease (ILD). The aim of the current study was to evaluate the characteristics of the respiratory microbiome and intrasubject variation in patients with ILD. Patients with ILD were recruited prospectively for 12 months. The sample size was small (n = 11) owing to delayed recruitment during the COVID-19 pandemic. All subjects were hospitalized and were evaluated by a questionnaire survey, blood sampling, pulmonary function test, and bronchoscopy. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was obtained at 2 sites, the most and least disease-affected lesions. Sputum collection was also performed. Furthermore, 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing was performed using the Illumina platform and indexes of α- and β-diversity were evaluated. Species diversity and richness tended to be lower in the most-affected lesion than in the least-affected lesion. However, taxonomic abundance patterns were similar in these 2 groups. The phylum Fusobacteria was more prevalent in fibrotic ILD than in nonfibrotic ILD. Inter-sample differences in relative abundances were more prominent in BALF versus sputum specimens. Rothia and Veillonella were more prevalent in the sputum than in BALF. We did not detect site-specific dysbiosis in the ILD lung. BALF was an effective respiratory specimen type for evaluating the lung microbiome in patients with ILD. Further studies are needed to evaluate the causal links between the lung microbiome and the pathogenesis of ILD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yeun Cho
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Yeon Kim
- Academic Cooperation Foundation, Chungbuk National University Industry, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyoun Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eung-Gook Kim
- Department of Biochemical and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Hyung Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumhee Yang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeran Kang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Man Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Hyeon Choe
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Mi Shin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
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13
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Park JJ, Oh K, Lee GW, Bang G, Park JH, Kim HB, Kim JY, Shin EY, Kim EG. Defining regorafenib as a senomorphic drug: therapeutic potential in the age-related lung disease emphysema. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:794-805. [PMID: 37009796 PMCID: PMC10167251 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-00966-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Senescence, a hallmark of aging, is a factor in age-related diseases (ARDs). Therefore, targeting senescence is widely regarded as a practicable method for modulating the effects of aging and ARDs. Here, we report the identification of regorafenib, an inhibitor of multiple receptor tyrosine kinases, as a senescence-attenuating drug. We identified regorafenib by screening an FDA-approved drug library. Treatment with regorafenib at a sublethal dose resulted in effective attenuation of the phenotypes of βPIX knockdown- and doxorubicin-induced senescence and replicative senescence in IMR-90 cells; cell cycle arrest, and increased SA-β-Gal staining and senescence-associated secretory phenotypes, particularly increasing the secretion of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and IL-8. Consistent with this result, slower progression of βPIX depletion-induced senescence was observed in the lungs of mice after treatment with regorafenib. Mechanistically, the results of proteomics analysis in diverse types of senescence indicated that growth differentiation factor 15 and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 are shared targets of regorafenib. Analysis of arrays for phospho-receptors and kinases identified several receptor tyrosine kinases, including platelet-derived growth factor receptor α and discoidin domain receptor 2, as additional targets of regorafenib and revealed AKT/mTOR, ERK/RSK, and JAK/STAT3 signaling as the major effector pathways. Finally, treatment with regorafenib resulted in attenuation of senescence and amelioration of porcine pancreatic elastase-induced emphysema in mice. Based on these results, regorafenib can be defined as a novel senomorphic drug, suggesting its therapeutic potential in pulmonary emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Jin Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, 28644, Korea
| | - Kwangseok Oh
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, 28644, Korea
| | - Gun-Wu Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, 28644, Korea
| | - Geul Bang
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, 28119, Korea
| | - Jin-Hee Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, 28644, Korea
| | - Han-Byeol Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, 28644, Korea
| | - Jin Young Kim
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, 28119, Korea
| | - Eun-Young Shin
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, 28644, Korea.
| | - Eung-Gook Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, 28644, Korea.
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Kim BK, Choi WS, Jeong JH, Oh S, Park JH, Yun YS, Min SC, Kang DH, Kim EG, Ryu H, Kim HK, Baek YH, Choi YK, Song MS. A Rapid Method for Generating Infectious SARS-CoV-2 and Variants Using Mutagenesis and Circular Polymerase Extension Cloning. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0338522. [PMID: 36877070 PMCID: PMC10100849 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03385-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The appearance of SARS-CoV-2 variants in late 2020 raised alarming global public health concerns. Despite continued scientific progress, the genetic profiles of these variants bring changes in viral properties that threaten vaccine efficacy. Thus, it is critically important to investigate the biologic profiles and significance of these evolving variants. In this study, we demonstrate the application of circular polymerase extension cloning (CPEC) to the generation of full-length clones of SARS-CoV-2. We report that, combined with a specific primer design scheme, this yields a simpler, uncomplicated, and versatile approach for engineering SARS-CoV-2 variants with high viral recovery efficiency. This new strategy for genomic engineering of SARS-CoV-2 variants was implemented and evaluated for its efficiency in generating point mutations (K417N, L452R, E484K, N501Y, D614G, P681H, P681R, Δ69-70, Δ157-158, E484K+N501Y, and Ins-38F) and multiple mutations (N501Y/D614G and E484K/N501Y/D614G), as well as a large truncation (ΔORF7A) and insertion (GFP). The application of CPEC to mutagenesis also allows the inclusion of a confirmatory step prior to assembly and transfection. This method could be of value in the molecular characterization of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants as well as the development and testing of vaccines, therapeutic antibodies, and antivirals. IMPORTANCE Since the first emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 variant in late 2020, novel variants have been continuously introduced to the human population, causing severe public health threats. In general, because these variants acquire new genetic mutation/s, it is critical to analyze the biological function of viruses that such mutations can confer. Therefore, we devised a method that can construct SARS-CoV-2 infectious clones and their variants rapidly and efficiently. The method was developed based on a PCR-based circular polymerase extension cloning (CPEC) combined with a specific primer design scheme. The efficiency of the newly designed method was evaluated by generating SARS-CoV-2 variants with single point mutations, multiple point mutations, and a large truncation and insertion. This method could be of value for the molecular characterization of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants and the development and testing of vaccines and antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beom Kyu Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University, College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Suk Choi
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University, College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hwan Jeong
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University, College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Sol Oh
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University, College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Park
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University, College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Soo Yun
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University, College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Cheol Min
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University, College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Hyeon Kang
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University, College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Eung-Gook Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungbuk National University, College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojin Ryu
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Kwon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Hee Baek
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University, College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ki Choi
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University, College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
- Center for Study of Emerging and Re-emerging Viruses, Korea Virus Research Institute, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Suk Song
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University, College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
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15
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Choi WS, Oh S, Antigua KJC, Jeong JH, Kim BK, Yun YS, Kang DH, Min SC, Lim BK, Kim WS, Lee JH, Kim EG, Choi YK, Baek YH, Song MS. Development of a Universal Cloning System for Reverse Genetics of Human Enteroviruses. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0316722. [PMID: 36651758 PMCID: PMC9927166 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03167-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Enteroviruses (EVs) have been associated with several human diseases. Due to their continuous emergence and divergence, EV species have generated more than 100 types and recombinant strains, increasing the public health threat caused by them. Hence, an efficient and universal cloning system for reverse genetics (RG) of highly divergent viruses is needed to understand the molecular mechanisms of viral pathology and evolution. In this study, we generated a versatile human EV whole-genome cDNA template by enhancing the template-switching method and designing universal primers capable of simultaneous cloning and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE)-PCR of EVs. Moreover, by devising strategies to overcome limitations of previous cloning methods, we simplified significant cloning steps to be completed within a day. Of note, we successfully verified our efficient universal cloning system enabling RG of a broad range of human EVs, including EV-A (EV-A71), EV-B (CV-B5, ECHO6, and ECHO30), EV-C (CV-A24), and EV-D (EV-D68), with viral titers and phenotypes comparable to those of their wild types. This rapid and straightforward universal EV cloning strategy will help us elucidate molecular characteristics, pathogenesis, and applications of a broad range of EV serotypes for further development of genetic vaccines and delivery tools using various replication systems. IMPORTANCE Due to the broad spread, incidence, and genetic divergence of enteroviruses (EVs), it has been challenging to deal with this virus that causes severe human diseases, including aseptic meningitis, myocarditis, encephalitis, and poliomyelitis. Therefore, an efficient and universal cloning system for the reverse genetics of highly divergent EVs contributes to an understanding of the viral pathology and molecular mechanisms of evolution. We have simplified the important cloning steps, hereby enhancing the template-switching method and designing universal primers, which enable the important cloning steps to be completed in a day. We have also successfully demonstrated recovery of a broad range of human EVs, including EV-A to -D types, using this advanced universal cloning system. This rapid and robust universal EV cloning strategy will aid in elucidating the molecular characteristics, pathogenesis, and applications of a wide range of EVs for further development of genetic vaccines and antiviral screening using various replication systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Suk Choi
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
- Microuni Co., Ltd., Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Sol Oh
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Khristine Joy C. Antigua
- Animal Health and Welfare Division, Bureau of Animal Industry (BAI), Department of Agriculture (DA), Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Ju Hwan Jeong
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Kyu Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Soo Yun
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Hyeon Kang
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Cheol Min
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Kwan Lim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Jungwon University, Goesan-gun, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Seop Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyuk Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Eung-Gook Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ki Choi
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
- Center for Study of Emerging and Re-emerging Viruses, Korea Virus Research Institute, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Hee Baek
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Suk Song
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
- Microuni Co., Ltd., Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
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Lee DH, Yang B, Gu S, Kim EG, Kim Y, Kang HK, Choe YH, Jeon HJ, Park S, Lee H. Influenza vaccination trend and related factors among patients with diabetes in Korea: Analysis using a nationwide database. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1077846. [PMID: 36817596 PMCID: PMC9935563 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1077846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subjects with diabetes are at higher risk of serious influenza-related complications. We aimed to investigate the yearly trend of influenza vaccination and factors associated with being unvaccinated for influenza in subjects with diabetes using a nationwide observational study performed within the recent decade. METHODS Among 105,732 subjects from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2007 and 2019, 8,632 with diabetes were included. We investigated the yearly trend of influenza vaccination and factors associated with being unvaccinated for influenza. RESULTS During the study period, the prevalence of influenza vaccination in subjects with diabetes showed a tendency to increase every year, reaching almost 60% in 2019, which was higher than the rate in subjects without diabetes. Younger age (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) [95% CI] 11.29 [8.63-14.75] for < 50 years; 6.16 [5.21-7.29] for 50-65 years), male (aHR 1.67 [1.52-1.87]), current smoker (aHR 1.31 [1.00-1.72], lower-income status (aHR 1.46 [1.17, 1.84]), and high education level (aHR 1.30 [1.01-1.67]) were associated with being unvaccinated. Also, a poorer glycemic control with HbA1c ≥ 9% was found to be correlated with unvaccinated status (aHR 1.48 [1.15-1.90]). CONCLUSION The influenza vaccination rate is still unsatisfactory in subjects with diabetes. Young age, males, low-income level, high education level, and poor glycemic control were associated with unvaccinated status. Considering the risk-benefits of influenza vaccination in patients with diabetes, physicians should make an effort to increase vaccination rates, especially in low vaccination rate groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hwa Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumhee Yang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonhye Gu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Informatics, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eung-Gook Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Youlim Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Koo Kang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Hun Choe
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Hospital-Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jeong Jeon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungyong Park
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Hospital-Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Lee
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Antigua KJC, Baek YH, Choi WS, Jeong JH, Kim EH, Oh S, Yoon SW, Kim C, Kim EG, Choi SY, Hong SK, Choi YK, Song MS. Multiple HA substitutions in highly pathogenic avian influenza H5Nx viruses contributed to the change in the NA subtype preference. Virulence 2022; 13:990-1004. [PMID: 36560870 PMCID: PMC9176248 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2022.2082672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5Nx viruses are predominantly circulating worldwide, with an increasing potential threat of an outbreak in humans. It remains largely unknown how the stably maintained HPAI H5N1 suddenly altered its neuraminidase (NA) to other NA subtypes, which resulted in the emergence and evolution of H5Nx viruses. Here, we found that a combination of four specific amino acid (AA) substitutions (S123P-T156A-D183N- S223 R) in the hemagglutinin (HA) protein consistently observed in the H5Nx markedly altered the NA preference of H5N1 viruses. These molecular changes in H5N1 impaired its fitness, particularly viral growth and the functional activities of the HA and NA proteins. Among the AA substitutions identified, the T156A substitution, which contributed to the NA shift, also dramatically altered the antigenicity of H5N1 viruses, suggesting an occurrence of antigenic drift triggered by selective pressure. Our study shows the importance of how HA and NA complement each other and that antigenic drift in HA can potentially cause a shift in the NA protein in influenza A virus evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khristine Joy C. Antigua
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Hee Baek
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Suk Choi
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hwan Jeong
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ha Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sol Oh
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Woo Yoon
- Viral Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Changil Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eung-Gook Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Choi
- New Drug Development Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Kon Hong
- New Drug Development Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ki Choi
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju, Republic of Korea,Viruses, Korea Virus Research Institute, Institute for Basic Science (IBS)Center for Study of Emerging and Re-Emerging, Daejeon, Republic of Korea,Young Ki Choi
| | - Min Suk Song
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju, Republic of Korea,CONTACT Min Suk Song
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Jeong JH, Chokkakula S, Min SC, Kim BK, Choi WS, Oh S, Yun YS, Kang DH, Lee OJ, Kim EG, Choi JH, Lee JY, Choi YK, Baek YH, Song MS. Combination therapy with nirmatrelvir and molnupiravir improves the survival of SARS-CoV-2 infected mice. Antiviral Res 2022; 208:105430. [PMID: 36209984 PMCID: PMC9535923 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
As the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic remains uncontrolled owing to the continuous emergence of variants of concern, there is an immediate need to implement the most effective antiviral treatment strategies, especially for risk groups. Here, we evaluated the therapeutic potency of nirmatrelvir, remdesivir and molnupiravir, and their combinations in SARS-CoV-2 infected K18-hACE2 transgenic mice. Systemic treatment of mice with each drug (20 mg/kg) resulted in slightly enhanced antiviral efficacy and yielded an increased life expectancy of only about 20-40% survival. However, combination therapy with nirmatrelvir (20 mg/kg) and molnupiravir (20 mg/kg) in lethally infected mice showed profound inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 replication in both the lung and brain and synergistically improved survival rates up to 80% compared to those with nirmatrelvir (36%, P < 0.001) and molnupiravir (43%, P < 0.001) administered alone. This combination therapy effectively reduced clinical severity score, virus-induced tissue damage, and viral distribution compared to those in animals treated with these monotherapies. Furthermore, all these assessments associated with this combination were also significantly higher than that of mice receiving remdesivir monotherapy (P < 0.001) and the nirmatrelvir (20 mg/kg) and remdesivir (20 mg/kg) combination (P < 0.001), underscored the clinical significance of this combination. By contrast, the nirmatrelvir and remdesivir combination showed less antiviral efficacy, with lower survival compared to nirmatrelvir monotherapy due to the insufficient plasma exposure of the remdesivir, demonstrating the inefficient therapeutic effect of this combination in the mouse model. The combination therapy with nirmatrelvir and molnupiravir contributes to alleviated morbidity and mortality, which can serve as a basis for the design of clinical studies of this combination in the treatment of COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hwan Jeong
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, South Korea
| | - Santosh Chokkakula
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, South Korea
| | - Seong Cheol Min
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, South Korea
| | - Beom Kyu Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, South Korea
| | - Won-Suk Choi
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, South Korea
| | - Sol Oh
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, South Korea
| | - Yu Soo Yun
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, South Korea
| | - Da Hyeon Kang
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, South Korea
| | - Ok-Jun Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Eung-Gook Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, South Korea
| | - Jang-Hoon Choi
- Division of Acute Viral Disease, Center for Emerging Virus Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju, 28159, South Korea
| | - Joo-Yeon Lee
- Center for Emerging Virus Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju-si, South Korea
| | - Young Ki Choi
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, South Korea; Center for Study of Emerging and Re-emerging Viruses, Korea Virus Research Institute, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34126, South Korea
| | - Yun Hee Baek
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, South Korea
| | - Min-Suk Song
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, South Korea.
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Kim M, Yang B, Gu S, Kim EG, Kim SR, Oh KS, Yoon WS, Bae DH, Lee JH, Kim SM, Choi WG, Bae JW, Hwang KK, Kim DW, Cho MC, Lee H, Lee DI. Secular trends and determinants of influenza vaccination uptake among patients with cardiovascular disease in Korea: Analysis using a nationwide database. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:961688. [PMID: 36267638 PMCID: PMC9576870 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.961688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Influenza vaccination reduces cardiovascular events in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Identifying the factors that affect influenza vaccination uptake can help improve the prognosis in patients with CVD. This study aimed to evaluate the secular trends of influenza vaccination uptake and factors associated with lack of vaccination in individuals with CVD. Materials and methods We analyzed the annual trends and factors associated with influenza vaccination among 3,264 patients with CVD, included from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey which reflect the health and nutritional status of the nationwide population of Korea conducted between 2007/2008 and 2018/2019. We used a stratified, multistage sampling method. Results The influenza vaccination rate was greater in patients with CVD (53–74%) than in those without CVD (28–40%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that age <50 years [odds ratio (OR), 16.22; 95% confidence interval (CI), 7.72–34.07], 50–64 years (OR, 6.71; 95% CI, 4.37–10.28), male sex (OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.14–1.65), and asthma (OR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.22–0.92) were independently associated with a lack of influenza vaccination. Among patients aged <65 years, smoking (OR, 2.30; 95% CI, 1.31–4.04), college graduation status (OR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.16–2.82), and hypertension (OR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.51–0.95) were independently associated with influenza vaccination. For individuals aged 65years, there was no significant determinant of lack of vaccination. Conclusion In patients with CVD, a continuous increase in the secular trend of influenza vaccination was demonstrated in Korea. Young age, male sex, and non-asthma status were independently associated with lack of influenza vaccination uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Bumhee Yang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Seonhye Gu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Informatics, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eung-Gook Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - So Rae Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Kyeong Seok Oh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Woong-Su Yoon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Dae-Hwan Bae
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Ju Hee Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Sang Min Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Woong Gil Choi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Jang-Whan Bae
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Kuk Hwang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Dong-Woon Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Myeong-Chan Cho
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Hyun Lee
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea,*Correspondence: Hyun Lee,
| | - Dae-In Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea,Dae-In Lee,
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Kim SH, Yang B, Yoo JY, Cho JY, Kang H, Shin YM, Kim EG, Lee KM, Choe KH. Clinical characteristics, radiological features, and disease severity of bronchiectasis according to the spirometric pattern. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13167. [PMID: 35915114 PMCID: PMC9343368 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17085-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchiectasis show various ventilatory disorders in pulmonary function. The characteristics and severity of patients with bronchiectasis according to these pulmonary dysfunctions are still very limited. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical, radiologic feature and the disease severity of patients with bronchiectasis according to spirometric patterns. We retrospectively evaluated 506 patients with bronchiectasis who underwent pulmonary lung function test (PFT) at a referral hospital between 2014 to 2021. The results showed that cylindrical type was the most common (70.8%) type of bronchiectasis on chest Computed tomography (CT), and 70% of patients had bilateral lung involvement. On the other hand, obstructive ventilatory disorder was the most common (51.6%), followed by normal ventilation (30%) and restrictive ventilatory disorder (18.4%). The modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) was highest in patients with obstructive ventilatory disorders, Modified Reiff score [median (interquartile range)] [6 (3–10), P < 0.001], FACED (FEV1, Age, Chronic colonization, Extension, and Dyspnea) score [3 (1–4), P < 0.001], and Bronchiectasis Severity (BSI) score [8 (5–11), P < 0.001] showed significantly highest values of obstructive ventilatory disorder rather than restrictive ventilatory disorder and normal ventilation. More than half of patients with bronchiectasis had obstructive ventilatory disorder. Bronchiectasis with obstructive ventilatory disorders has more dyspnea symptom, more disease severity and more radiologic severity. There was no significant association between spirometric pattern and radiologic type, but the more severe the radiologic severity, the more severe the lung function impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Hyung Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Bumhee Yang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jin Young Yoo
- Department of Radiology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jun Yeun Cho
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Hyeran Kang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Yoon Mi Shin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Eung-Gook Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Ki Man Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Kang Hyeon Choe
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea.
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Won SY, Park JJ, You ST, Hyeun JA, Kim HK, Jin BK, McLean C, Shin EY, Kim EG. p21-activated kinase 4 controls the aggregation of α-synuclein by reducing the monomeric and aggregated forms of α-synuclein: involvement of the E3 ubiquitin ligase NEDD4-1. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:575. [PMID: 35773260 PMCID: PMC9247077 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05030-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Aggregation of misfolded alpha-synuclein (α-synuclein) is a central player in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, the regulatory mechanism underlying α-synuclein aggregation has been intensively studied in Parkinson's disease (PD) but remains poorly understood. Here, we report p21-activated kinase 4 (PAK4) as a key regulator of α-synuclein aggregation. Immunohistochemical analysis of human PD brain tissues revealed an inverse correlation between PAK4 activity and α-synuclein aggregation. To investigate their causal relationship, we performed loss-of-function and gain-of-function studies using conditional PAK4 depletion in nigral dopaminergic neurons and the introduction of lentivirus expressing a constitutively active form of PAK4 (caPAK4; PAK4S445N/S474E), respectively. For therapeutic relevance in the latter setup, we injected lentivirus into the striatum following the development of motor impairment and analyzed the effects 6 weeks later. In the loss-of-function study, Cre-driven PAK4 depletion in dopaminergic neurons enhanced α-synuclein aggregation, intracytoplasmic Lewy body-like inclusions and Lewy-like neurites, and reduced dopamine levels in PAK4DAT-CreER mice compared to controls. Conversely, caPAK4 reduced α-synuclein aggregation, as assessed by a marked decrease in both proteinase K-resistant and Triton X100-insoluble forms of α-synuclein in the AAV-α-synuclein-induced PD model. Mechanistically, PAK4 specifically interacted with the NEDD4-1 E3 ligase, whose pharmacological inhibition and knockdown suppressed the PAK4-mediated downregulation of α-synuclein. Collectively, these results provide new insights into the pathogenesis of PD and suggest PAK4-based gene therapy as a potential disease-modifying therapy in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Yoon Won
- grid.289247.20000 0001 2171 7818Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Department of Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration Control Research Center, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447 South Korea
| | - Jung-Jin Park
- grid.254229.a0000 0000 9611 0917Department of Biochemistry and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, 28644 South Korea
| | - Soon-Tae You
- grid.416965.90000 0004 0647 774XDepartment of Neurosurgery, the Catholic University of Korea, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16247 South Korea
| | - Jong-A Hyeun
- grid.254229.a0000 0000 9611 0917Department of Biochemistry and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, 28644 South Korea
| | - Hyong-Kyu Kim
- grid.254229.a0000 0000 9611 0917Department of Medicine and Microbiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, 28644 South Korea
| | - Byung Kwan Jin
- grid.289247.20000 0001 2171 7818Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Department of Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration Control Research Center, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447 South Korea
| | - Catriona McLean
- grid.1623.60000 0004 0432 511XDepartment of Pathology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3004 Australia
| | - Eun-Young Shin
- grid.254229.a0000 0000 9611 0917Department of Biochemistry and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, 28644 South Korea
| | - Eung-Gook Kim
- grid.254229.a0000 0000 9611 0917Department of Biochemistry and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, 28644 South Korea
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22
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Kim YI, Yu KM, Koh JY, Kim EH, Kim SM, Kim EJ, Casel MAB, Rollon R, Jang SG, Song MS, Park SJ, Jeong HW, Kim EG, Lee OJ, Kim YD, Choi Y, Lee SA, Choi YJ, Park SH, Jung JU, Choi YK. Age-dependent pathogenic characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infection in ferrets. Nat Commun 2022; 13:21. [PMID: 35013229 PMCID: PMC8748994 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27717-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
While the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in healthy people does not differ significantly among age groups, those aged 65 years or older exhibit strikingly higher COVID-19 mortality compared to younger individuals. To further understand differing COVID-19 manifestations in patients of different ages, three age groups of ferrets are infected with SARS-CoV-2. Although SARS-CoV-2 is isolated from all ferrets regardless of age, aged ferrets (≥3 years old) show higher viral loads, longer nasal virus shedding, and more severe lung inflammatory cell infiltration, and clinical symptoms compared to juvenile (≤6 months) and young adult (1–2 years) groups. Furthermore, direct contact ferrets co-housed with the virus-infected aged group shed more virus than direct-contact ferrets co-housed with virus-infected juvenile or young adult ferrets. Transcriptome analysis of aged ferret lungs reveals strong enrichment of gene sets related to type I interferon, activated T cells, and M1 macrophage responses, mimicking the gene expression profile of severe COVID-19 patients. Thus, SARS-CoV-2-infected aged ferrets highly recapitulate COVID-19 patients with severe symptoms and are useful for understanding age-associated infection, transmission, and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2. Here, Kim et al. characterize SARS-CoV-2 infection in juvenile, young, and old aged ferrets to provide a further understanding of differences in COVID-19 severity in humans at different ages. Aged ferrets have higher viral loads, shed virus longer, and mimic the transcriptomic profile of severely infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Il Kim
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.,Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea.,Center for Study of Emerging and Re-emerging Viruses, Korea Virus Research Institute, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Min Yu
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.,Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - June-Young Koh
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ha Kim
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.,Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Se-Mi Kim
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.,Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea.,Center for Study of Emerging and Re-emerging Viruses, Korea Virus Research Institute, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ji Kim
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.,Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Mark Anthony B Casel
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.,Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Rare Rollon
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Gyu Jang
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Suk Song
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.,Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Su-Jin Park
- Division of Life Science, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Korea
| | - Hye Won Jeong
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eung-Gook Kim
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Jun Lee
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Dae Kim
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Younho Choi
- Cancer Biology Department and Global Center for Pathogens Research and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Shin-Ae Lee
- Cancer Biology Department and Global Center for Pathogens Research and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Youn Jung Choi
- Cancer Biology Department and Global Center for Pathogens Research and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Su-Hyung Park
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae U Jung
- Cancer Biology Department and Global Center for Pathogens Research and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Young Ki Choi
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea. .,Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea. .,Center for Study of Emerging and Re-emerging Viruses, Korea Virus Research Institute, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34126, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Kim YI, Kim SM, Park SJ, Kim EH, Yu KM, Chang JH, Kim EJ, Casel MAB, Rollon R, Jang SG, Um J, Song MS, Jeong HW, Kim EG, Kim Y, Kim SY, Park JS, Park MS, Kwon GY, Yeo SG, Lee SA, Choi YJ, Jung JU, Choi YK. Critical role of neutralizing antibody for SARS-CoV-2 reinfection and transmission. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 10:152-160. [PMID: 33407005 PMCID: PMC7832474 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.1872352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cases of laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 reinfection have been reported in a number of countries. Further, the level of natural immunity induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection is not fully clear, nor is it clear if a primary infection is protective against reinfection. To investigate the potential association between serum antibody titres and reinfection of SARS-CoV-2, ferrets with different levels of NAb titres after primary SARS-CoV-2 infection were subjected to reinfection with a heterologous SARS-CoV-2 strain. All heterologous SARS-CoV-2 reinfected ferrets showed active virus replication in the upper respiratory and gastro-intestinal tracts. However, the high NAb titre group showed attenuated viral replication and rapid viral clearance. In addition, direct-contact transmission was observed only from reinfected ferrets with low NAb titres (<20), and not from other groups. Further, lung histopathology demonstrated the presence of limited inflammatory regions in the high NAb titre groups compared with control and low NAb groups. This study demonstrates a close correlation between a low NAb titre and SARS-CoV-2 reinfection in a recovered ferret reinfection model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Il Kim
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Se-Mi Kim
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Su-Jin Park
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
- Division of Life Science and Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Eun-Ha Kim
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Kwang-Min Yu
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jae-Hyung Chang
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ji Kim
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Mark Anthony B. Casel
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Rare Rollon
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Gyu Jang
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Um
- Research institute of Public Health, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Suk Song
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Hye Won Jeong
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eung-Gook Kim
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonjae Kim
- Research institute of Public Health, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeon Kim
- Research institute of Public Health, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Sun Park
- Research institute of Public Health, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Sun Park
- Div. of Public Health Research, Sejong Institute of Health & Environment, Sejong City, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun-Yong Kwon
- Sejong Public Health Center, Sejong City, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Gu Yeo
- Div. of Public Health Research, Sejong Institute of Health & Environment, Sejong City, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Ae Lee
- Department of Cancer Biology and Center for Global and Emerging Pathogen Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Youn Jung Choi
- Department of Cancer Biology and Center for Global and Emerging Pathogen Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jae U. Jung
- Department of Cancer Biology and Center for Global and Emerging Pathogen Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Young Ki Choi
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
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24
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Woo CG, Son SM, Lee HC, Han HS, Lee KH, Kim D, Kim EG, Lee OJ. Histologic Changes in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Under Various Treatments: A Comparison of Histology and Mutation Status in Serial Samples. Cancer Res Treat 2021; 54:737-743. [PMID: 34583457 PMCID: PMC9296944 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2021.773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Histologic change is a resistant mechanism in lung cancer. The most common histological change is the switch from adenocarcinoma (AdenoCa) to small cell carcinoma (SCC) against to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). However, it is not clear whether other treatment modalities are involved in the histologic changes. Materials and Methods We investigated histological changes in eight cases after various treatments, and compared the molecular profiles between primary tumors and changed tumors using exome sequencing where tissue was available. Results Three cases of AdenoCa that were changed into SCC retained the initial mutations after TKI and/or surgical treatment. After treatment with TKI and immunotherapy, an EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor)-mutant AdenoCa changed to squamous cell carcinoma (SqCa). SqCa in a patient treated with surgery was changed into combined AdenoCa and SqCa. These two cases showed the same genetic variations between the two distinct non–small cell carcinomas (NSCC). Three patients experienced two histologic changes, which the changed tumors returned to its original subtype or changed to a combined tumor after treatments. Four cases showed combined histology in the first or second change. Conclusion The histology of NSCC can be changed to a single pattern or combined subtypes after various treatment modalities, and the phenotypic changes seem not fixed. Therefore, additional morphologic changes may occur regardless of their genetic status and types of treatments. To refine the new treatment strategy, consecutive repeated biopsies in progressive disease or recurrent tumor are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Gok Woo
- Departments of Pathology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea.,Departments of Pathology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Seung-Myoung Son
- Departments of Pathology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea.,Departments of Pathology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Ho-Chang Lee
- Departments of Pathology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea.,Departments of Pathology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Hye Sook Han
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Departments of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea.,Departments of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Ki Hyeong Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Departments of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea.,Departments of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Dohun Kim
- Departments of Thoracic and Cardiovascular surgery, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea.,Departments of Thoracic and Cardiovascular surgery, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Eung-Gook Kim
- Departments of Biochemistry, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Ok-Jun Lee
- Departments of Pathology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea.,Departments of Pathology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
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25
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Woo CG, Son SM, Lim YH, Lee D, Park JJ, Kim EG, Shin EY, Lee OJ. pSlug S158 immunohistochemistry is a novel promising mitotic marker for FFPE samples: a pilot study. Virchows Arch 2021; 480:449-457. [PMID: 34510267 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-021-03201-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Slug is a transcription factor belonging to the slug/snail superfamily. The protein is involved in embryonic development and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of tumors. Slug is also under temporal regulation during cell cycle. Here, we examined relationship between pSlugS158 (site-specific phosphorylation) and the cell cycle, and checked whether its phosphorylation level reflects mitotic activity in tissue specimens. Cell cycle analysis was performed after cell synchronization. To evaluate pSlugS158 identifying mitotic figures, we performed immunohistochemistry (IHC) for pSlugS158 in various formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues; in addition, mitotic counts were compared with those in sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and IHC for PHH3, a mitotic marker. We found that the level of pSlugS158 protein increased specifically at M phase and decreased at the G1/S phases in vitro. In almost all tested tissues, nuclear stain of pSlugS158 was identified in the cell with mitotic figures. There was no significant difference in mitotic counts between HE- and pSlugS158-stained sections. In conclusion, pSlugS158 may be a novel and practical immunohistochemical marker for detecting mitotic figures in human tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Gok Woo
- Department of Pathology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea.,Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-ro 1, Seowon-gu, Cheongju, 28644, Korea
| | - Seung-Myoung Son
- Department of Pathology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea.,Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-ro 1, Seowon-gu, Cheongju, 28644, Korea
| | - Young Hyun Lim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-ro 1, Seowon-gu, Cheongju, 28644, Korea
| | - Dakeun Lee
- Department of Pathology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jung-Jin Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-ro 1, Seowon-gu, Cheongju, 28644, Korea
| | - Eung-Gook Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-ro 1, Seowon-gu, Cheongju, 28644, Korea
| | - Eun-Young Shin
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-ro 1, Seowon-gu, Cheongju, 28644, Korea.
| | - Ok-Jun Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea. .,Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-ro 1, Seowon-gu, Cheongju, 28644, Korea.
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26
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Shin EY, Lee CS, Kim HB, Park JH, Oh K, Lee GW, Cho EY, Kim HK, Kim EG. Kinesin-1-dependent transport of the βPIX/GIT complex in neuronal cells. BMB Rep 2021. [PMID: 34154701 PMCID: PMC8328822 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2021.54.7.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Young Shin
- Department of Biochemistry and 3Microbiology, College of Medicine, and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Chan-Soo Lee
- Department of Food Standard Division Scientific Office, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (KFDA), Cheongju 28159, Korea
| | - Han-Byeol Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and 3Microbiology, College of Medicine, and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Jin-Hee Park
- Department of Biochemistry and 3Microbiology, College of Medicine, and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Kwangseok Oh
- Department of Biochemistry and 3Microbiology, College of Medicine, and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Gun-Wu Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and 3Microbiology, College of Medicine, and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Eun-Yul Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and 3Microbiology, College of Medicine, and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | | | - Eung-Gook Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and 3Microbiology, College of Medicine, and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
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27
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Won SY, You ST, Choi SW, McLean C, Shin EY, Kim EG. cAMP Response Element Binding-Protein- and Phosphorylation-Dependent Regulation of Tyrosine Hydroxylase by PAK4: Implications for Dopamine Replacement Therapy. Mol Cells 2021; 44:493-499. [PMID: 34238765 PMCID: PMC8334344 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2021.2250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by a progressive loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the midbrain, which results in decreased dopamine levels accompanied by movement symptoms. Oral administration of l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-dopa), the precursor of dopamine, provides initial symptomatic relief, but abnormal involuntary movements develop later. A deeper understanding of the regulatory mechanisms underlying dopamine homeostasis is thus critically needed for the development of a successful treatment. Here, we show that p21-activated kinase 4 (PAK4) controls dopamine levels. Constitutively active PAK4 (caPAK4) stimulated transcription of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) via the cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) transcription factor. Moreover, caPAK4 increased the catalytic activity of TH through its phosphorylation of S40, which is essential for TH activation. Consistent with this result, in human midbrain tissues, we observed a strong correlation between phosphorylated PAK4S474, which represents PAK4 activity, and phosphorylated THS40, which reflects their enzymatic activity. Our findings suggest that targeting the PAK4 signaling pathways to restore dopamine levels may provide a new therapeutic approach in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Yoon Won
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Soon-Tae You
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Catholic University of Korea, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Suwon 16247, Korea
| | - Seung-Won Choi
- Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology, Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Catriona McLean
- Department of Pathology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne 3004, Australia
| | - Eun-Young Shin
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Eung-Gook Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju 28644, Korea
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28
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Abstract
Cellular senescence occurs in response to diverse stresses (e.g., telomere shortening, DNA damage, oxidative stress, oncogene activation). A growing body of evidence indicates that alterations in multiple components of endocytic pathways contribute to cellular senescence. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) and caveolae-mediated endocytosis (CavME) represent major types of endocytosis that are implicated in senescence. More recent research has also identified a chromatin modifier and tumor suppressor that contributes to the induction of senescence via altered endocytosis. Here, molecular regulators of aberrant endocytosis-induced senescence are reviewed and discussed in the context of their capacity to serve as senescence-inducing stressors or modifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Young Shin
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, 28644, South Korea
| | - Nak-Kyun Soung
- World Class Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang-eup, Cheongju, 28116, South Korea
| | - Martin Alexander Schwartz
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, And Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA; Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Eung-Gook Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, 28644, South Korea.
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29
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Park JH, Kim B, Antigua KJC, Jeong JH, Kim CI, Choi WS, Oh S, Kim CH, Kim EG, Choi YK, Baek YH, Song MS. Baloxavir-oseltamivir combination therapy inhibits the emergence of resistant substitutions in influenza A virus PA gene in a mouse model. Antiviral Res 2021; 193:105126. [PMID: 34217753 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2021.105126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Baloxavir marboxil (BXM) treatment-emergent polymerase acid (PA) I38X amino acid substitution (AAS) in the resistant variants of influenza viruses raise concerns regarding their emergence and spread. This study investigated the impact of 1 or 5 mg/kg BXM and 25 mg/kg oseltamivir phosphate (OS) (single or combination therapy) on the occurrence of resistance-related substitutions during the sequential lung-to-lung passages of AH1N1)pdm09 virus in mice. Deep sequencing analysis revealed that 67% (n = 4/6) of the population treated with BXM single therapy (1 or 5 mg/kg) possessed the treatment-emergent PA-I38X AAS variants (I38T, I38S, and I38V). Notably, BXM-OS combination therapy impeded PA-I38X AAS emergence. Although the doses utilized in the mouse model may not be directly translated into the clinically equivalent doses of each drugs, these findings offer insights toward alternative therapies to mitigate the emergence of influenza antiviral resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hyun Park
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Beomkyu Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Khristine Joy C Antigua
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hwan Jeong
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Il Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Suk Choi
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sol Oh
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Hyung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eung-Gook Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ki Choi
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Hee Baek
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min-Suk Song
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.
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30
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Jeong HW, Chang HH, Kim EJ, Kim YK, Kim SM, Kim EH, Kim YI, Casel MAB, Kim SG, Rollon R, Jang SG, Yu KM, Kim HS, Park HS, Park SJ, Kim YD, Kim EG, Choi YK. Differences in seroprevalence between epicenter and non-epicenter areas of the COVID-19 outbreak in South Korea. J Microbiol 2021; 59:530-533. [PMID: 33907974 PMCID: PMC8079228 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-021-1095-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
To compare the standardized severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) seroprevalence of high epicenter region with non-epicenter region, serological studies were performed with a total of 3,268 sera from Daegu City and 3,981 sera from Chungbuk Province. Indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) for SARS-CoV-2 IgG results showed a high seroprevalence rate in the Daegu City (epicenter) compared with a non-epicenter area (Chungbuk Province) (1.27% vs. 0.91%, P = 0.0358). It is noteworthy that the highest seroprevalence in Daegu City was found in elderly patients (70's) whereas young adult patients (20's) in Chungbuk Province showed the highest seroprevalence. Neutralizing antibody (NAb) titers were found in three samples from Daegu City (3/3, 268, 0.09%) while none of the samples from Chungbuk Province were NAb positive. These results demonstrated that even following the large outbreak, the seropositive rate of SARS-CoV-2 in the general population remained low in South Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Won Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ha Chang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ji Kim
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Kyung Kim
- Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Mi Kim
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ha Kim
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Il Kim
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Mark Anthony B Casel
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Gyu Kim
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Rare Rollon
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Gyu Jang
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Min Yu
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Sung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Sue Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Park
- Division of Life Science and Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Dae Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
- Chungbuk Regional Cancer Center, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Eung-Gook Kim
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ki Choi
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea.
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Kim YI, Yu KM, Koh JY, Kim EH, Kim SM, Kim EJ, Casel MA, Rollon R, Jang SG, Song MS, Park SJ, Jeong HW, Kim EG, Lee OJ, Choi Y, Lee SA, Park SH, Jung JU, Choi YK. Age-dependent pathogenic characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infection in ferrets. Res Sq 2021:rs.3.rs-131380. [PMID: 33821260 PMCID: PMC8020987 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-131380/v2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
While the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in healthy people does not differ significantly among age groups, those aged 65 years or older exhibit strikingly higher COVID-19 mortality compared to younger individuals. To further understand differing COVID-19 manifestations in patients of different ages, three age groups of ferrets were infected with SARS-CoV-2. Although SARS-CoV-2 was isolated from all ferrets regardless of age, aged ferrets (≥ 3 years old) showed higher viral loads, longer nasal virus shedding, and more severe lung inflammatory cell infiltration and clinical symptoms compared to juvenile (≤ 6 months) and young adult (1-2 years) groups. Transcriptome analysis of aged ferret lungs revealed strong enrichment of gene sets related to type I interferon, activated T cells, and M1 macrophage responses, mimicking the gene expression profile of severe COVID-19 patients. Thus, SARS-CoV-2-infected aged ferrets highly recapitulate COVID-19 patients with severe symptoms and are useful for understanding age-associated infection, transmission, and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Il Kim
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University
| | | | - June-Young Koh
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
| | | | | | - Eun Ji Kim
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University
| | - Mark Anthony Casel
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University
| | - Rare Rollon
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University
| | - Seung-Gyu Jang
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University
| | | | - Su-Jin Park
- Division of Applied Life Science and Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University
| | - Hye Won Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jae U Jung
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic
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Park S, Lee HY, Kim J, Park H, Ju YS, Kim EG, Kim J. Cerebral Cavernous Malformation 1 Determines YAP/TAZ Signaling-Dependent Metastatic Hallmarks of Prostate Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13051125. [PMID: 33807895 PMCID: PMC7961486 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhanced Yes-associated protein (YAP)/transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) signaling is correlated with the extraprostatic extension of prostate cancer. However, the mechanism by which YAP/TAZ signaling becomes hyperactive and drives prostate cancer progression is currently unclear. In this study, we revealed that higher expression of CCM1, which is uniquely found in advanced prostate cancer, is inversely correlated with metastasis-free and overall survival in patients with prostate cancer. We also demonstrated that CCM1 induces the metastasis of multiple types of prostate cancer cells by regulating YAP/TAZ signaling. Mechanistically, CCM1, a gene mutated in cerebral cavernous malformation, suppresses DDX5, which regulates the suppression of YAP/TAZ signaling, indicating that CCM1 and DDX5 are novel upstream regulators of YAP/TAZ signaling. Our findings highlight the importance of CCM1-DDX5-YAP/TAZ signaling in the metastasis of prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangryong Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (S.P.); (H.-Y.L.)
| | - Ho-Young Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (S.P.); (H.-Y.L.)
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
| | - Jayoung Kim
- Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Departments of Surgery & Biomedical Sciences, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA;
| | - Hansol Park
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.P.); (Y.S.J.)
| | - Young Seok Ju
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.P.); (Y.S.J.)
| | - Eung-Gook Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju 28644, Korea;
| | - Jaehong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (S.P.); (H.-Y.L.)
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-32-899-6441
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Shin EY, Park JH, You ST, Lee CS, Won SY, Park JJ, Kim HB, Shim J, Soung NK, Lee OJ, Schwartz MA, Kim EG. Integrin-mediated adhesions in regulation of cellular senescence. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eaay3909. [PMID: 32494696 PMCID: PMC7202880 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay3909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Bioinformatic and functional data link integrin-mediated cell adhesion to cellular senescence; however, the significance of and molecular mechanisms behind these connections are unknown. We now report that the focal adhesion-localized βPAK-interacting exchange factor (βPIX)-G protein-coupled receptor kinase interacting protein (GIT) complex controls cellular senescence in vitro and in vivo. βPIX and GIT levels decline with age. βPIX knockdown induces cellular senescence, which was prevented by reexpression. Loss of βPIX induced calpain cleavage of the endocytic adapter amphiphysin 1 to suppress clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME); direct competition of GIT1/2 for the calpain-binding site on paxillin mediates this effect. Decreased CME and thus integrin endocytosis induced abnormal integrin signaling, with elevated reactive oxygen species production. Blocking integrin signaling inhibited senescence in human fibroblasts and mouse lungs in vivo. These results reveal a central role for integrin signaling in cellular senescence, potentially identifying a new therapeutic direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Young Shin
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Jin-Hee Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Soon-Tae You
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Chan-Soo Lee
- Food Standard Division Scientific Office, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (KFDA), Osong-eup, Cheongju 28159, Korea
| | - So-Yoon Won
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Jung-Jin Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Han-Byeol Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Jaegal Shim
- Comparative Biomedicine Research Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea
| | - Nak-Kyun Soung
- World Class Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang-eup, Cheongju 28116, Korea
| | - Ok-Jun Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Martin Alexander Schwartz
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Corresponding author. (E.-G.K.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Eung-Gook Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju 28644, Korea
- Corresponding author. (E.-G.K.); (M.A.S.)
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Oh JY, Lim CS, Yoo KS, Park H, Park YS, Kim EG, Lee YS, Kaang BK, Kim HK. Adenomatous polyposis coli-stimulated GEF 1 (Asef1) is a negative regulator of excitatory synaptic function. J Neurochem 2018; 147:595-608. [PMID: 30125942 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) play important roles in many cellular processes, including regulation of the structural plasticity of dendritic spines. A GEF protein, adenomatous polyposis coli-stimulated GEF 1 (Asef1, ARHGEF4) is highly expressed in the nervous system. However, the function of Asef1 has not been investigated in neurons. Here, we present evidence showing that Asef1 negatively regulates the synaptic localization of postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95) in the excitatory synapse by inhibiting Staufen-mediated synaptic localization of PSD-95. Accordingly, Asef1 expression impairs synaptic transmission in hippocampal cultured neurons. In addition, neuronal activity facilitates the dissociation of Asef1 from Staufen in a phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K)-dependent manner. Taken together, our data reveal Asef1 functions as a negative regulator of synaptic localization of PSD-95 and synaptic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Young Oh
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Department of Medicine and Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea.,Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Korea
| | - Chae-Seok Lim
- Department of Pharmacology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Korea
| | - Ki-Seo Yoo
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Department of Medicine and Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | | | - Young Seok Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Eung-Gook Kim
- Department of Medicine and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Yong-Seok Lee
- Department of Physiology, Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bong-Kiun Kaang
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyong Kyu Kim
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Department of Medicine and Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
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Lee YY, Lee SY, Park SY, Choi HJ, Kim EG, Han JS. Therapeutic potential of a phospholipase D1 inhibitory peptide fused with a cell-penetrating peptide as a novel anti-asthmatic drug in a Der f 2-induced airway inflammation model. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:1-11. [PMID: 29717122 PMCID: PMC5938051 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-018-0083-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic lung disease that causes airflow obstruction due to airway inflammation. However, its therapeutics remain inadequate. We previously reported that phospholipase D1 (PLD1) is a key enzyme involved in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in airway inflammation induced by the house dust mite allergen Dermatophagoides farinae 2 (Der f 2). We also revealed that PLD1 is specifically inactivated by AP180 (assembly protein, 180 kDa) and identified the PLD1-specific binding motif (TVTSP) of AP180. Therefore, the aims of this study were to develop a novel anti-asthmatic agent that could suppress airway inflammation by inhibiting PLD1 and examine its acute and chronic toxicity. We designed TAT-TVTSP, a PLD1-inhibitory peptide fused with a cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) delivery system. TAT-TVTSP was efficiently delivered to bronchial epithelial cells and significantly reduced Der f 2-induced PLD activation and Interleukin 13 (IL-13) production. Intranasally administered TAT-TVTSP was also efficiently transferred to airway tissues and ameliorated airway inflammation in a Der f 2-induced allergic asthma mouse model. Moreover, we investigated the safety of TAT-TVTSP as a therapeutic agent through single- and repeated-dose toxicity studies in a mouse model. Taken together, these results indicated that a PLD1-inhibitory peptide fused with a cell-penetrating peptide may be useful for treating allergic inflammatory asthma induced by house dust mites (HDMs). A drug that targets a key enzyme involved in airway tissue inflammation shows promise in the treatment of allergic asthma. The enzyme phospholipase D1 (PLD1) triggers airway inflammation in allergic asthma brought on by house dust mites. Joong-Soo Han at Hanyang University in Seoul, Eung-Gook Kim at Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea, and co-workers have developed a treatment aimed at suppressing PLD1 and trialed the drug on mouse models of dust-mite allergy. The team designed a carrier system capable of accurately delivering a PLD1-inhibitory peptide to airway tissues and cells. They found that airway inflammation was significantly reduced in the treated mice. The drug appeared to be relatively safe when used in repeated doses, although further investigations are needed to verify this. The team hope their treatment will improve therapies for allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Young Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Young Park
- Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Choi
- Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Eung-Gook Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Signaling Disorder Research Center, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea.
| | - Joong-Soo Han
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea. .,Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
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Won SY, Park MH, You ST, Choi SW, Kim HK, McLean C, Bae SC, Kim SR, Jin BK, Lee KH, Shin EY, Kim EG. Nigral dopaminergic PAK4 prevents neurodegeneration in rat models of Parkinson's disease. Sci Transl Med 2017; 8:367ra170. [PMID: 27903866 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf1629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by progressive loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra. No neuroprotective treatments have successfully prevented the progression of this disease. We report that p21-activated kinase 4 (PAK4) is a key survival factor for DA neurons. We observed PAK4 immunoreactivity in rat and human DA neurons in brain tissue, but not in microglia or astrocytes. PAK4 activity was markedly decreased in postmortem brain tissue from PD patients and in rodent models of PD. Expression of constitutively active PAK4S445N/S474E (caPAK4) protected DA neurons in both the 6-hydroxydopamine and α-synuclein rat models of PD and preserved motor function. This neuroprotective effect of caPAK4 was mediated by phosphorylation of CRTC1 [CREB (adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate response element-binding protein)-regulated transcription coactivator] at S215. The nonphosphorylated form of CRTC1S215A compromised the ability of caPAK4 to induce the expression of the CREB target proteins Bcl-2, BDNF, and PGC-1α. Our results support a neuroprotective role for the PAK4-CRTC1S215-CREB signaling pathway and suggest that this pathway may be a useful therapeutic target in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Yoon Won
- Department of Biochemistry and Signaling Disorder Research Center, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, South Korea
| | - Mee-Hee Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Signaling Disorder Research Center, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, South Korea
| | - Soon-Tae You
- Department of Biochemistry and Signaling Disorder Research Center, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, South Korea
| | - Seung-Won Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Signaling Disorder Research Center, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, South Korea
| | - Hyong-Kyu Kim
- Department of Medicine and Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, South Korea
| | - Catriona McLean
- Department of Pathology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Suk-Chul Bae
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Institute for Tumor Research, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, South Korea
| | - Sang Ryong Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, South Korea.,Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, South Korea
| | - Byung Kwan Jin
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Department of Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration Control Research Center, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, South Korea
| | - Kun Ho Lee
- National Research Center for Dementia, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, South Korea
| | - Eun-Young Shin
- Department of Biochemistry and Signaling Disorder Research Center, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, South Korea
| | - Eung-Gook Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Signaling Disorder Research Center, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, South Korea.
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Kim SJ, Jung JW, Ha HY, Koo SK, Kim EG, Kim JH. Generation of hematopoietic stem cells from human embryonic stem cells using a defined, stepwise, serum-free, and serum replacement-free monolayer culture method. Blood Res 2017; 52:37-43. [PMID: 28401100 PMCID: PMC5383586 DOI: 10.5045/br.2017.52.1.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can be expanded infinitely in vitro and have the potential to differentiate into hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs); thus, they are considered a useful source of cells for HSC production. Although several technical in vitro methods for engineering HSCs from pluripotent stem cells have been developed, clinical application of HSCs engineered from pluripotent stem cells is restricted because of the possibility of xenogeneic contamination resulting from the use of murine materials. Methods Human ESCs (CHA-hES15) were cultured on growth factor-reduced Matrigel-coated dishes in the mTeSR1 serum-free medium. When the cells were 70% confluent, we initiated HSC differentiation by three methods involving (1) knockout serum replacement (KSR), cytokines, TGFb1, EPO, and FLT3L; (2) KSR, cytokines, and bFGF; or (3) cytokines and bFGF. Results Among the three differentiation methods, the minimal number of cytokines without KSR resulted in the greatest production of HSCs. The optimized method resulted in a higher proportion of CD34+CD43+ hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) and CD34+CD45+ HPCs compared to the other methods. In addition, the HSCs showed the potential to differentiate into multiple lineages of hematopoietic cells in vitro. Conclusion In this study, we optimized a two-step, serum-free, animal protein-free, KSR-free, feeder-free, chemically defined monolayer culture method for generation of HSCs and hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) from human ESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Jung Kim
- Division of Intractable Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, National Institute of Health and Korea Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea.; Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Ji-Won Jung
- Division of Intractable Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, National Institute of Health and Korea Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Hye-Yeong Ha
- Division of Intractable Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, National Institute of Health and Korea Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Soo Kyung Koo
- Division of Intractable Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, National Institute of Health and Korea Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Eung-Gook Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Kim
- Division of Intractable Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, National Institute of Health and Korea Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
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38
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Kim DJ, Choi CK, Lee CS, Park MH, Tian X, Kim ND, Lee KI, Choi JK, Ahn JH, Shin EY, Shin I, Kim EG. Small molecules that allosterically inhibit p21-activated kinase activity by binding to the regulatory p21-binding domain. Exp Mol Med 2016; 48:e229. [PMID: 27126178 PMCID: PMC4855275 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2016.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
p21-activated kinases (PAKs) are key regulators of actin dynamics, cell proliferation and cell survival. Deregulation of PAK activity contributes to the pathogenesis of various human diseases, including cancer and neurological disorders. Using an ELISA-based screening protocol, we identified naphtho(hydro)quinone-based small molecules that allosterically inhibit PAK activity. These molecules interfere with the interactions between the p21-binding domain (PBD) of PAK1 and Rho GTPases by binding to the PBD. Importantly, they inhibit the activity of full-length PAKs and are selective for PAK1 and PAK3 in vitro and in living cells. These compounds may potentially be useful for determining the details of the PAK signaling pathway and may also be used as lead molecules in the development of more selective and potent PAK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duk-Joong Kim
- Research Institute and Quality Management Team, NanoPharm Corp., Jincheon-gun, Korea
| | - Chang-Ki Choi
- Division of Planning and Research, Korea National Institute of Health, KCDC, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Chan-Soo Lee
- Livestock Products Standard Division, Food Standard Planning Office, Food Safety Policy Bureau, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Mee-Hee Park
- Division of Medical Science Knowledge Management, Center of Biomedical Sciences, Korea National Institutes of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Xizhe Tian
- Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Nam Doo Kim
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, Korea
| | - Kee-In Lee
- Green Chemistry Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Joong-Kwon Choi
- Green Chemistry Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jin Hee Ahn
- Green Chemistry Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Eun-Young Shin
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Injae Shin
- Center for Biofunctional Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eung-Gook Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
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Kim H, Oh JY, Choi SL, Nam YJ, Jo A, Kwon A, Shin EY, Kim EG, Kim HK. Down-regulation of p21-activated serine/threonine kinase 1 is involved in loss of mesencephalic dopamine neurons. Mol Brain 2016; 9:45. [PMID: 27121078 PMCID: PMC4848805 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-016-0230-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the roles of p21-activated serine/threonine kinase 1 (PAK1) have been reported in some neurodegenerative diseases, details regarding neurodegeneration are still limited. Hence, we tried to determine the role of PAK1 and molecular mechanisms of neuronal death involved in neurodegeneration. RESULTS Expression of a dominant-negative form of PAK1 (PAK1(H83,86L, K229R), PAK1-DN) decreased the cell viability and increased cell death induced by oxidative stress. Indeed, oxidative stress decreased the phosphorylation of PAK1 in neuroblastoma cells, cultured dopamine (DA) neurons, or rat midbrains. PAK1-DN reduced the level of Bcl-2 protein, through an ubiquitin/proteasome-dependent mechanism. The level of Bcl-2 may be regulated by PAK1-ERK signaling and/or PAK1, directly. Conversely, expression of an active form of PAK1 (PAK1(T423E), PAK1-CA) could recover both loss of DA neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) and behavioral defects in a 6-OHDA-induced hemiparkinsonian rat model. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the oxidative stress-induced down-regulation of PAK1 activity could be involved in the loss of mesencephalic DA neurons through modulation of neuronal death, suggesting a novel role of PAK1 as a molecular determinant and mechanisms in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwanhee Kim
- Department of Medicine and Microbiology, College of Medicine, Signaling Disorder Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, The Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Young Oh
- Department of Medicine and Microbiology, College of Medicine, Signaling Disorder Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, The Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Lim Choi
- Department of Medicine and Microbiology, College of Medicine, Signaling Disorder Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, The Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Ju Nam
- Department of Medicine and Microbiology, College of Medicine, Signaling Disorder Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, The Republic of Korea
| | - Anna Jo
- Department of Medicine and Microbiology, College of Medicine, Signaling Disorder Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, The Republic of Korea
| | - Ara Kwon
- Department of Medicine and Microbiology, College of Medicine, Signaling Disorder Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, The Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Young Shin
- Department of Medicine and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Signaling Disorder Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, The Republic of Korea
| | - Eung-Gook Kim
- Department of Medicine and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Signaling Disorder Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, The Republic of Korea
| | - Hyong Kyu Kim
- Department of Medicine and Microbiology, College of Medicine, Signaling Disorder Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, The Republic of Korea. .,Department of Medicine and Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-ro 1, Seowon-gu, Cheongju, 28644, The Republic of Korea.
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Nam JH, Park ES, Won SY, Lee YA, Kim KI, Jeong JY, Baek JY, Cho EJ, Jin M, Chung YC, Lee BD, Kim SH, Kim EG, Byun K, Lee B, Woo DH, Lee CJ, Kim SR, Bok E, Kim YS, Ahn TB, Ko HW, Brahmachari S, Pletinkova O, Troconso JC, Dawson VL, Dawson TM, Jin BK. TRPV1 on astrocytes rescues nigral dopamine neurons in Parkinson's disease via CNTF. Brain 2015; 138:3610-22. [PMID: 26490328 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awv297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently there is no neuroprotective or neurorestorative therapy for Parkinson's disease. Here we report that transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) on astrocytes mediates endogenous production of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), which prevents the active degeneration of dopamine neurons and leads to behavioural recovery through CNTF receptor alpha (CNTFRα) on nigral dopamine neurons in both the MPP(+)-lesioned or adeno-associated virus α-synuclein rat models of Parkinson's disease. Western blot and immunohistochemical analysis of human post-mortem substantia nigra from Parkinson's disease suggests that this endogenous neuroprotective system (TRPV1 and CNTF on astrocytes, and CNTFRα on dopamine neurons) might have relevance to human Parkinson's disease. Our results suggest that activation of astrocytic TRPV1 activates endogenous neuroprotective machinery in vivo and that it is a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin H Nam
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration Control Research Centre, School of Medicine Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Eun S Park
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration Control Research Centre, School of Medicine Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - So-Yoon Won
- 2 Department of Biochemistry and Signaling Disorder Research Centre, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Korea
| | - Yu A Lee
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration Control Research Centre, School of Medicine Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Kyoung I Kim
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration Control Research Centre, School of Medicine Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Jae Y Jeong
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration Control Research Centre, School of Medicine Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Jeong Y Baek
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration Control Research Centre, School of Medicine Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Eun J Cho
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration Control Research Centre, School of Medicine Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Minyoung Jin
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration Control Research Centre, School of Medicine Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Young C Chung
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration Control Research Centre, School of Medicine Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Byoung D Lee
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration Control Research Centre, School of Medicine Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Sung Hyun Kim
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration Control Research Centre, School of Medicine Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Eung-Gook Kim
- 2 Department of Biochemistry and Signaling Disorder Research Centre, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Korea
| | - Kyunghee Byun
- 3 Center for Genomics and Proteomics, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon 406-840, Korea
| | - Bonghee Lee
- 3 Center for Genomics and Proteomics, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon 406-840, Korea
| | - Dong Ho Woo
- 4 Center for Neuroscience and Functional Connectomics, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - C Justin Lee
- 4 Center for Neuroscience and Functional Connectomics, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Sang R Kim
- 5 School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative Bio Research Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea
| | - Eugene Bok
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration Control Research Centre, School of Medicine Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea 6 Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine University of Central Florida, FL 32827, USA
| | - Yoon-Seong Kim
- 6 Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine University of Central Florida, FL 32827, USA
| | - Tae-Beom Ahn
- 7 Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Hyuk Wan Ko
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration Control Research Centre, School of Medicine Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Saurav Brahmachari
- 8 Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA 9 Departments of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA 10 Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Olga Pletinkova
- 11 Departments of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Juan C Troconso
- 9 Departments of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA 11 Departments of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Valina L Dawson
- 8 Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA 9 Departments of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA 12 Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA 13 Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA 14 Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70130-2685, USA
| | - Ted M Dawson
- 8 Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA 9 Departments of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA 10 Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA 12 Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA 14 Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70130-2685, USA 15 Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70130-2685, USA
| | - Byung K Jin
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration Control Research Centre, School of Medicine Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
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Yun CY, You ST, Kim JH, Chung JH, Han SB, Shin EY, Kim EG. p21-activated kinase 4 critically regulates melanogenesis via activation of the CREB/MITF and β-catenin/MITF pathways. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 135:1385-1394. [PMID: 25560280 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2014.548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
p21-activated kinase 4 (PAK4) regulates a wide range of cellular events, including cytoskeletal remodeling, cell growth, and survival. Our previous study identified PAK4 as a key regulator of cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB) that acts upstream of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), a master transcription factor in melanogenesis. We therefore investigated the role of PAK4 in melanogenesis. Melanocytes express both PAK2 and PAK4 isoforms, but only RNA interference knockdown of PAK4 significantly influenced α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-induced melanogenesis in B16 melanoma cells. Consistent with this result, PAK4 inhibition by PF3758309, a potent ATP-competitive inhibitor of PAKs, suppressed not only α-MSH-induced melanogenesis in B16 melanoma and human epithelial melanocyte cells but also UVB-induced melanogenesis in the skin of melanin-possessing hairless mice (HRM-2) in a dose-dependent manner. Inhibition of PAK4 over several days markedly decreased the levels of CREB, MITF, and tyrosinase in both HRM-2 mice and B16 melanoma cells. Moreover, PAK4 knockdown and inhibition suppressed α-MSH-stimulated β-catenin phosphorylation at serine 675 (S675) but enhanced phosphorylation at S33/37, an indicator for ubiquitination-dependent proteolysis. Together, our results provide evidence that PAK4 promotes α-MSH/UVB-induced melanogenesis via the CREB and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways and suggest that PAK4 may be a potential therapeutic target in pigmentation disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheong-Yong Yun
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Soon-Tae You
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jin-Hwa Kim
- R&D Center, Hanbul Cosmetics Co. Ltd, Chungbuk, Korea.
| | - Jin H Chung
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Bae Han
- College of Pharmacy and CBITRC, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Young Shin
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea.
| | - Eung-Gook Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
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42
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Kim EG, Shin EY. Nuclear Rac1 regulates the bFGF-induced neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells. BMB Rep 2014; 46:617-22. [PMID: 24195795 PMCID: PMC4133861 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2013.46.12.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rac1 plays a key role in neurite outgrowth via reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. The molecular mechanisms underlying Rac1-mediated actin dynamics in the cytosol and plasma membrane have been intensively studied, but the nuclear function of Rac1 in neurite outgrowth has not yet been addressed. Using subcellular fractionation and immunocytochemistry, we sought to explore the role of nuclear Rac1 in neurite outgrowth. bFGF, a strong agonist for neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells, stimulated the nuclear accumulation of an active form of Rac1. Rac1-PBR (Q) mutant, in which six basic residues in the polybasic region at the C-terminus were replaced by glutamine, didn’t accumulate in the nucleus. In comparison with control cells, cells expressing this mutant form of Rac1 displayed a marked defect in extending neurites that was concomitant with reduced expression of MAP2 and MEK-1. These results suggest that Rac1 translocation to the nucleus functionally correlates with bFGF-induced neurite outgrowth. [BMB Reports 2013; 46(12): 617-622]
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eun-Young Shin
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Korea
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43
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Lee YS, Lee JW, Jang JW, Chi XZ, Kim JH, Li YH, Kim MK, Kim DM, Choi BS, Kim EG, Chung JH, Lee OJ, Lee YM, Suh JW, Chuang LSH, Ito Y, Bae SC. Runx3 inactivation is a crucial early event in the development of lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer Cell 2013; 24:603-16. [PMID: 24229708 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2012] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Targeted inactivation of Runx3 in mouse lung induced mucinous and nonmucinous adenomas and markedly shortened latency of adenocarcinoma formation induced by oncogenic K-Ras. RUNX3 was frequently inactivated in K-RAS mutated human lung adenocarcinomas. A functional genetic screen of a fly mutant library and molecular analysis in cultured cell lines revealed that Runx3 forms a complex with BRD2 in a K-Ras-dependent manner in the early phase of the cell cycle; this complex induces expression of p14(ARF)/p19(Arf) and p21(WAF/CIP). When K-Ras was constitutively activated, the Runx3-BRD2 complex was stably maintained and expression of both p14(ARF) and p21(WAF/CIP) was prolonged. These results provide a missing link between oncogenic K-Ras and the p14(ARF)-p53 pathway, and may explain how cells defend against oncogenic K-Ras.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Soub Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, South Korea
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44
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Kim EG, Shin EY. Activation of small Rho GTPases by blebbistatin in PC12 cells. J Biomed Res 2013. [DOI: 10.12729/jbr.2013.14.2.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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45
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Lee JE, Jeon IS, Han NE, Song HJ, Kim EG, Choi JW, Song KD, Lee HK, Choi JK. Ubiquilin 1 interacts with Orai1 to regulate calcium mobilization. Mol Cells 2013; 35:41-6. [PMID: 23307288 PMCID: PMC3887852 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-013-2268-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) channels composed of Stim and Orai proteins play a critical role in diverse biological processes. Upon endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mediated calcium (Ca(2+)) depletion, Stim proteins oligomerize with Orai to initiate Ca(2+) influx across the plasma membrane. The ubiquitin-like (UBL) and ubiquitin-associated (UBA) domains of ubiquilin 1 are involved in the degradation of presenilin and polyglutamine proteins. Through screening of Orai1 interaction partner(s) that might have an effect on SOCE, ubiquilin 1 was identified as a target of Orai1. However, the UBL and UBA domains of ubiquilin 1 were dispensable for this interaction. Additionally, ubiquilin 1 and Orai1 colocalized in the cytosolic compartment. Ubiquilin 1 increased the ubiquitination of Orai1, resulting in the formation of a high-molecular-weight form. MG132, a proteasome inhibitor, failed to block the degradation of Orai1, whereas bafilomycin A, a lysosome inhibitor, prevented Orai1 degradation. Confocal microscopy studies demonstrated that a fraction of Orai1 colocalized with ubiquilin 1 and the autophagosomal marker LC3. Because Orai1 is a constituent of SOCE, we determined the effect of ubiquilin 1 on Orai1-mediated Ca(2+) influx. As we expected, intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization, a process normally potentiated by Orai1, was downregulated by ubiquilin 1. Taken together, these findings suggest that ubiquilin 1 downregulates intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization and its downstream signaling by promoting the ubiquitination and lysosomal degradation of Orai1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jae-Woon Choi
- Division of Biochemistry, Division of Surgery, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763,
Korea
| | - Ki-Duk Song
- Genomic Informatics Center, Hankyong National University, Ansung 456-749,
Korea
| | - Hak-Kyo Lee
- Genomic Informatics Center, Hankyong National University, Ansung 456-749,
Korea
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46
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Kim HR, Heo YM, Jeong KI, Kim YM, Jang HL, Lee KY, Yeo CY, Kim SH, Lee HK, Kim SR, Kim EG, Choi JK. FGF-2 inhibits TNF-α mediated apoptosis through upregulation of Bcl2-A1 and Bcl-xL in ATDC5 cells. BMB Rep 2012; 45:287-92. [PMID: 22617452 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2012.45.5.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
FGF-2 is involved in cell survival, proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis in a wide variety of cells. FRGRs, PI3K and MAP kinases are well known mediators of FGF signaling. Despite its known roles during many developmental processes, including osteogenesis, there are few known targets of FGF-2. In the present study, we identified Bcl2-A1 and Bcl-xL as two prominent targets involved in promoting cell survival. Pretreatment of ATDC5 cells with FGF-2 increased cell survival, while siRNAs specific for Bcl2-A1 and Bcl-xL compromised the anti- apoptotic effect of FGF-2, sensitized the cells to apoptosis triggered by TNF-α. Chemical inhibition of FGFR, NFkB, and PI3K activity by PD173074, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, and LY294002 respectively abrogated the FGF-2-mediated induction of Bcl2-A1 and Bcl-xL expression. Taken together, our data demonstrate that a subset of Bcl2 family proteins are the targets of FGF-2 signaling that promotes the survival of ATDC5 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hey-Ryun Kim
- Division of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Korea
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Tavacoli JW, Katgert G, Kim EG, Cates ME, Clegg PS. Size limit for particle-stabilized emulsion droplets under gravity. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:268306. [PMID: 23005023 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.268306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that emulsion droplets stabilized by interfacial particles become unstable beyond a size threshold set by gravity. This holds not only for colloids but also for supracolloidal glass beads, using which we directly observe the ejection of particles near the droplet base. The number of particles acting together in these ejection events decreases with time until a stable acornlike configuration is reached. Stability occurs when the weight of all remaining particles is less than the interfacial binding force of one particle. We also show the importance of the curvature of the droplet surface in promoting particle ejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Tavacoli
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom
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48
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Zhang XQ, Kim JH, Lee GS, Pyo HB, Shin EY, Kim EG, Zhang YH. In Vitro Antioxidant and In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Ophioglossum thermale. Am J Chin Med 2012; 40:279-93. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x1250022x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Antioxidant fractions from Ophioglossum thermale were extracted with five different polar solvents using a Soxhlet type extractor. The total phenolic content of the extracts was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The ethyl acetate fraction of O. thermale was found to contain maximum phenolics. The dried fractions were screened for their antioxidant activity potential using in vitro model systems such as 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) and lipid-peroxidation reduction at different concentrations. Results revealed that the EtOAc fraction exhibited the best performance in the DPPH assay, NBT assay and lipid peroxidation. All fractions showed more potent antioxidant capacity than green tea extract, a well-known antioxidant. Furthermore, the EtOAc fraction has the highest total phenolic content (475.65 mg of EGCG/g). In addition, the EtOAc fraction at 0.005% and 0.01% (g/100 ml) also significantly inhibited UVB irradiation-induced ROS generation in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). In a carrageenan-induced edema model, the EtOAc fraction showed an inhibitory effect (21.5%, p < 0.05) at 200 mg/kg (p.o.) after 300 min administration. Consequently, 3-O-methylquercetin (3MQ) was also isolated from the antioxidative EtOAc fraction. The data obtained using the above in vitro and in vivo tests suggest that the antioxidant activity of O. thermale and its anti-inflammatory effect on carrageenan-induced acute inflammation can be attributed to its ameliorating effect on oxidative damage, and thus it has great potential as a source for natural health products. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the antioxidant activity of different polar extracts from O. thermale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Qiong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Peking University, School of Basic Medical Science, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jin-Hwa Kim
- R&D Center, Hanbul Cosmetics Co. Ltd., Chungbuk, 369-830, Korea
| | - Geun-Soo Lee
- R&D Center, Hanbul Cosmetics Co. Ltd., Chungbuk, 369-830, Korea
| | - Hyeong-Bae Pyo
- R&D Center, Hanbul Cosmetics Co. Ltd., Chungbuk, 369-830, Korea
| | - Eun-Young Shin
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Korea
| | - Eung-Gook Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Korea
| | - Yong-He Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Peking University, School of Basic Medical Science, Beijing 100191, China
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49
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Park MH, Kim DJ, You ST, Lee CS, Kim HK, Park SM, Shin EY, Kim EG. Phosphorylation of β-catenin at serine 663 regulates its transcriptional activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 419:543-9. [PMID: 22369945 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
β-Catenin, a component of Wnt signaling, plays a key role in colorectal carcinogenesis. The phosphorylation status of β-catenin determines its fate and affects its cellular function, and serine 675 (S675) was previously identified as a common target of p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) and protein kinase A. In the present study, we explored the PAK1-specific phosphorylation site(s) in β-catenin. Active PAK1 T423E but not inactive PAK1 K299R interacted with and phosphorylated β-catenin. Mutagenesis followed by a kinase assay revealed that PAK1 phosphorylated S663 in addition to S675, and an anti-phospho-β-catenin(S663) antibody detected the phosphorylation of S663 downstream of PAK1 in various human colon cancer cells. Furthermore, the Wnt3a-stimulated S663 phosphorylation was inhibited by the PAK1-specific inhibitor, IPA-3, but not by H-89 or LY294002. The non-phosphorylatable mutant forms of β-catenin, S663A, S675A and S663/675A, showed similar defects in their PAK1-induced TCF/LEF transactivation, whereas the phosphomimetic form of β-catenin, S663D, demonstrated a transcriptional activity that was comparable to that of β-catenin S675D and β-catenin S663D/S675D. Taken together, these results provide evidence that PAK1 specifically phosphorylates β-catenin at S663 and that this phosphorylation is essential for the PAK1-mediated transcriptional activation of β-catenin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mee-Hee Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
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Pascua PNQ, Lee JH, Song MS, Park SJ, Baek YH, Ann BH, Shin EY, Kim EG, Choi YK. Role of the p21-activated kinases (PAKs) in influenza A virus replication. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 414:569-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.09.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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