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Kan LK, Drill M, Jayakrishnan PC, Sequeira RP, Galea E, Todaro M, Sanfilippo PG, Hunn M, Williams DA, O'Brien TJ, Drummond KJ, Monif M. P2X7 receptor antagonism by AZ10606120 significantly reduced in vitro tumour growth in human glioblastoma. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8435. [PMID: 37225786 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35712-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas are highly aggressive and deadly brain tumours, with a median survival time of 14-18 months post-diagnosis. Current treatment modalities are limited and only modestly increase survival time. Effective therapeutic alternatives are urgently needed. The purinergic P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is activated within the glioblastoma microenvironment and evidence suggests it contributes to tumour growth. Studies have implicated P2X7R involvement in a range of neoplasms, including glioblastomas, although the roles of P2X7R in the tumour milieu remain unclear. Here, we report a trophic, tumour-promoting role of P2X7R activation in both patient-derived primary glioblastoma cultures and the U251 human glioblastoma cell line, and demonstrate its inhibition reduces tumour growth in vitro. Primary glioblastoma and U251 cell cultures were treated with the specific P2X7R antagonist, AZ10606120 (AZ), for 72 h. The effects of AZ treatment were also compared to cells treated with the current first-line chemotherapeutic drug, temozolomide (TMZ), and a combination of both AZ and TMZ. P2X7R antagonism by AZ significantly depleted glioblastoma cell numbers compared to untreated cells, in both primary glioblastoma and U251 cultures. Notably, AZ treatment was more effective at tumour cell killing than TMZ. No synergistic effect between AZ and TMZ was observed. AZ treatment also significantly increased lactate dehydrogenase release in primary glioblastoma cultures, suggesting AZ-induced cellular cytotoxicity. Our results reveal a trophic role of P2X7R in glioblastoma. Importantly, these data highlight the potential for P2X7R inhibition as a novel and effective alternative therapeutic approach for patients with lethal glioblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyen K Kan
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew Drill
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Richard P Sequeira
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Emily Galea
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Alfred, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Marian Todaro
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Neurology, The Alfred, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul G Sanfilippo
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Martin Hunn
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Alfred, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David A Williams
- Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Terence J O'Brien
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Neurology, The Alfred, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Katharine J Drummond
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mastura Monif
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Neurology, The Alfred, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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2
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de Godoy LL, Mohan S, Wang S, Nasrallah MP, Sakai Y, O'Rourke DM, Bagley S, Desai A, Loevner LA, Poptani H, Chawla S. Validation of multiparametric MRI based prediction model in identification of pseudoprogression in glioblastomas. J Transl Med 2023; 21:287. [PMID: 37118754 PMCID: PMC10142504 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-03941-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate differentiation of pseudoprogression (PsP) from tumor progression (TP) in glioblastomas (GBMs) is essential for appropriate clinical management and prognostication of these patients. In the present study, we sought to validate the findings of our previously developed multiparametric MRI model in a new cohort of GBM patients treated with standard therapy in identifying PsP cases. METHODS Fifty-six GBM patients demonstrating enhancing lesions within 6 months after completion of concurrent chemo-radiotherapy (CCRT) underwent anatomical imaging, diffusion and perfusion MRI on a 3 T magnet. Subsequently, patients were classified as TP + mixed tumor (n = 37) and PsP (n = 19). When tumor specimens were available from repeat surgery, histopathologic findings were used to identify TP + mixed tumor (> 25% malignant features; n = 34) or PsP (< 25% malignant features; n = 16). In case of non-availability of tumor specimens, ≥ 2 consecutive conventional MRIs using mRANO criteria were used to determine TP + mixed tumor (n = 3) or PsP (n = 3). The multiparametric MRI-based prediction model consisted of predictive probabilities (PP) of tumor progression computed from diffusion and perfusion MRI derived parameters from contrast enhancing regions. In the next step, PP values were used to characterize each lesion as PsP or TP+ mixed tumor. The lesions were considered as PsP if the PP value was < 50% and TP+ mixed tumor if the PP value was ≥ 50%. Pearson test was used to determine the concordance correlation coefficient between PP values and histopathology/mRANO criteria. The area under ROC curve (AUC) was used as a quantitative measure for assessing the discriminatory accuracy of the prediction model in identifying PsP and TP+ mixed tumor. RESULTS Multiparametric MRI model correctly predicted PsP in 95% (18/19) and TP+ mixed tumor in 57% of cases (21/37) with an overall concordance rate of 70% (39/56) with final diagnosis as determined by histopathology/mRANO criteria. There was a significant concordant correlation coefficient between PP values and histopathology/mRANO criteria (r = 0.56; p < 0.001). The ROC analyses revealed an accuracy of 75.7% in distinguishing PsP from TP+ mixed tumor. Leave-one-out cross-validation test revealed that 73.2% of cases were correctly classified as PsP and TP + mixed tumor. CONCLUSIONS Our multiparametric MRI based prediction model may be helpful in identifying PsP in GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laiz Laura de Godoy
- Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Suyash Mohan
- Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sumei Wang
- Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - MacLean P Nasrallah
- Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yu Sakai
- Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Donald M O'Rourke
- Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stephen Bagley
- Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Arati Desai
- Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Laurie A Loevner
- Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Harish Poptani
- Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Sanjeev Chawla
- Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Kumar M, Nanga RPR, Verma G, Wilson N, Brisset JC, Nath K, Chawla S. Emerging MR Imaging and Spectroscopic Methods to Study Brain Tumor Metabolism. Front Neurol 2022; 13:789355. [PMID: 35370872 PMCID: PMC8967433 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.789355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) provides a non-invasive biochemical profile of brain tumors. The conventional 1H-MRS methods present a few challenges mainly related to limited spatial coverage and low spatial and spectral resolutions. In the recent past, the advent and development of more sophisticated metabolic imaging and spectroscopic sequences have revolutionized the field of neuro-oncologic metabolomics. In this review article, we will briefly describe the scientific premises of three-dimensional echoplanar spectroscopic imaging (3D-EPSI), two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COSY), and chemical exchange saturation technique (CEST) MRI techniques. Several published studies have shown how these emerging techniques can significantly impact the management of patients with glioma by determining histologic grades, molecular profiles, planning treatment strategies, and assessing the therapeutic responses. The purpose of this review article is to summarize the potential clinical applications of these techniques in studying brain tumor metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Ravi Prakash Reddy Nanga
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Gaurav Verma
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Neil Wilson
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | | | - Kavindra Nath
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sanjeev Chawla
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Sanjeev Chawla
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Luker GD, Yang J, Richmond A, Scala S, Festuccia C, Schottelius M, Wester HJ, Zimmermann J. At the Bench: Pre-clinical evidence for multiple functions of CXCR4 in cancer. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 109:969-989. [PMID: 33104270 PMCID: PMC8254203 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.2bt1018-715rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling through chemokine receptor, C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) regulates essential processes in normal physiology, including embryogenesis, tissue repair, angiogenesis, and trafficking of immune cells. Tumors co-opt many of these fundamental processes to directly stimulate proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of cancer cells. CXCR4 signaling contributes to critical functions of stromal cells in cancer, including angiogenesis and multiple cell types in the tumor immune environment. Studies in animal models of several different types of cancers consistently demonstrate essential functions of CXCR4 in tumor initiation, local invasion, and metastasis to lymph nodes and distant organs. Data from animal models support clinical observations showing that integrated effects of CXCR4 on cancer and stromal cells correlate with metastasis and overall poor prognosis in >20 different human malignancies. Small molecules, Abs, and peptidic agents have shown anticancer efficacy in animal models, sparking ongoing efforts at clinical translation for cancer therapy. Investigators also are developing companion CXCR4-targeted imaging agents with potential to stratify patients for CXCR4-targeted therapy and monitor treatment efficacy. Here, pre-clinical studies demonstrating functions of CXCR4 in cancer are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary D Luker
- Departments of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jinming Yang
- School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ann Richmond
- School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Stefania Scala
- Research Department, Microenvironment Molecular Targets, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS "Fondazione G. Pascale", Napoli, Italy
| | - Claudio Festuccia
- Department of Applied Clinical Science and Biotechnologies, Laboratory of Radiobiology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Margret Schottelius
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, and Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Jürgen Wester
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
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Silva VR, Neves SP, Santos LDS, Dias RB, Bezerra DP. Challenges and Therapeutic Opportunities of Autophagy in Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113461. [PMID: 33233671 PMCID: PMC7699739 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Autophagy is a physiological process characterized by the degradation of the cell components through lysosomes due to stimuli/stress. In this study, we review the challenges and therapeutic opportunities that autophagy presents in the treatment of cancer. We discussed the results of several studies that evaluated autophagy as a therapeutic strategy in cancer, both through the modulation of therapeutic resistance and the death of cancer cells. Moreover, we discussed the role of autophagy in the biology of cancer stem cells and the inhibition of this process as a strategy to overcome resistance and progression of cancer stem cells. Abstract Autophagy is a physiological cellular process that is crucial for development and can occurs in response to nutrient deprivation or metabolic disorders. Interestingly, autophagy plays a dual role in cancer cells—while in some situations, it has a cytoprotective effect that causes chemotherapy resistance, in others, it has a cytotoxic effect in which some compounds induce autophagy-mediated cell death. In this review, we summarize strategies aimed at autophagy for the treatment of cancer, including studies of drugs that can modulate autophagy-mediated resistance, and/or drugs that cause autophagy-mediated cancer cell death. In addition, the role of autophagy in the biology of cancer stem cells has also been discussed.
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6
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Reduced EGFR and increased miR-221 is associated with increased resistance to temozolomide and radiotherapy in glioblastoma. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17768. [PMID: 33082482 PMCID: PMC7576591 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74746-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite aggressive treatment with temozolomide and radiotherapy and extensive research into alternative therapies there has been little improvement in Glioblastoma patient survival. Median survival time remains between 12 and 15 months mainly due to treatment resistance and tumor recurrence. In this study, we aimed to explore the underlying mechanisms behind treatment resistance and the lack of success with anti-EGFR therapy in the clinic. After generating a number of treatment resistant Glioblastoma cell lines we observed that resistant cell lines lacked EGFR activation and expression. Furthermore, cell viability assays showed resistant cells were significantly less sensitive to the anti-EGFR agents when compared to parental cell lines. To further characterise the resistance mechanism in our cells microRNA prediction software identified miR-221 as a negative regulator of EGFR expression. miR-221 was up-regulated in our resistant cell lines, and this up-regulation led to a significant reduction in EGFR expression in both our cultured cell lines and a large cohort of glioblastoma patient tumor tissue.
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7
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Verma G, Chawla S, Mohan S, Wang S, Nasrallah M, Sheriff S, Desai A, Brem S, O'Rourke DM, Wolf RL, Maudsley AA, Poptani H. Three-dimensional echo planar spectroscopic imaging for differentiation of true progression from pseudoprogression in patients with glioblastoma. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2019; 32:e4042. [PMID: 30556932 PMCID: PMC6519064 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Accurate differentiation of true progression (TP) from pseudoprogression (PsP) in patients with glioblastomas (GBMs) is essential for planning adequate treatment and for estimating clinical outcome measures and future prognosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the utility of three-dimensional echo planar spectroscopic imaging (3D-EPSI) in distinguishing TP from PsP in GBM patients. For this institutional review board approved and HIPAA compliant retrospective study, 27 patients with GBM demonstrating enhancing lesions within six months of completion of concurrent chemo-radiation therapy were included. Of these, 18 were subsequently classified as TP and 9 as PsP based on histological features or follow-up MRI studies. Parametric maps of choline/creatine (Cho/Cr) and choline/N-acetylaspartate (Cho/NAA) were computed and co-registered with post-contrast T1 -weighted and FLAIR images. All lesions were segmented into contrast enhancing (CER), immediate peritumoral (IPR), and distal peritumoral (DPR) regions. For each region, Cho/Cr and Cho/NAA ratios were normalized to corresponding metabolite ratios from contralateral normal parenchyma and compared between TP and PsP groups. Logistic regression analyses were performed to obtain the best model to distinguish TP from PsP. Significantly higher Cho/NAA was observed from CER (2.69 ± 1.00 versus 1.56 ± 0.51, p = 0.003), IPR (2.31 ± 0.92 versus 1.53 ± 0.56, p = 0.030), and DPR (1.80 ± 0.68 versus 1.19 ± 0.28, p = 0.035) regions in TP patients compared with those with PsP. Additionally, significantly elevated Cho/Cr (1.74 ± 0.44 versus 1.34 ± 0.26, p = 0.023) from CER was observed in TP compared with PsP. When these parameters were incorporated in multivariate regression analyses, a discriminatory model with a sensitivity of 94% and a specificity of 87% was observed in distinguishing TP from PsP. These results indicate the utility of 3D-EPSI in differentiating TP from PsP with high sensitivity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Verma
- Department of RadiologyPerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Sanjeev Chawla
- Department of RadiologyPerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Suyash Mohan
- Department of RadiologyPerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Sumei Wang
- Department of RadiologyPerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - MacLean Nasrallah
- Department of Pathology and Lab MedicinePerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | | | - Arati Desai
- Department of Hematology‐OncologyPerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Steven Brem
- Department of NeurosurgeryPerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Donald M. O'Rourke
- Department of NeurosurgeryPerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Ronald L. Wolf
- Department of RadiologyPerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | | | - Harish Poptani
- Department of RadiologyPerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular PhysiologyUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
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Hypoxia-derived exosomes induce putative altered pathways in biosynthesis and ion regulatory channels in glioblastoma cells. Biochem Biophys Rep 2018; 14:104-113. [PMID: 29872742 PMCID: PMC5986551 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia, a hallmark characteristic of glioblastoma (GBM) induces changes in the transcriptome and the proteome of tumor cells. We discovered that hypoxic stress produces significant qualitative and quantitative changes in the protein content of secreted exosomes from GBM cells. Among the proteins found to be selectively elevated in hypoxic exosomes were protein-lysine 6-oxidase (LOX), thrombospondin-1 (TSP1), vascular derived endothelial factor (VEGF) and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 1 (ADAMTS1), well studied contributors to tumor progression, metastasis and angiogenesis. Our findings demonstrate that hypoxic exosomes induce differential gene expression in recipient glioma cells. Glioma cells stimulated with hypoxic exosomes showed a marked upregulation of small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 116–21 (SNORD116-21) transcript among others while significantly downregulated the potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily J member 3 (KCNJ3) message. This differential expression of certain genes is governed by the protein cargo being transferred via exosomes. Additionally, compared to normoxic exosomes, hypoxic exosomes increased various angiogenic related parameters vis-à-vis, overall tube length, branching intervals and length of isolated branches studied in tube formation assay with endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). Thus, the intercellular communication facilitated via exosomes secreted from hypoxic GBM cells induce marked changes in the expression of genes in neighboring normoxic tumor cells and possibly in surrounding stromal cells, many of which are involved in cancer progression and treatment resistance mechanisms. In GBM, hypoxic stress induces profound changes in the protein content of secreted exosomes. Hypoxic exosomal contents induce angiogenesis and significant changes in recipient GBM cell transcriptome. Hypoxic exosomes play a major role leading to tumor proliferation, tumor growth and cell survival.
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Hombach-Klonisch S, Mehrpour M, Shojaei S, Harlos C, Pitz M, Hamai A, Siemianowicz K, Likus W, Wiechec E, Toyota BD, Hoshyar R, Seyfoori A, Sepehri Z, Ande SR, Khadem F, Akbari M, Gorman AM, Samali A, Klonisch T, Ghavami S. Glioblastoma and chemoresistance to alkylating agents: Involvement of apoptosis, autophagy, and unfolded protein response. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 184:13-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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10
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Areeb Z, Stylli SS, Ware TMB, Harris NC, Shukla L, Shayan R, Paradiso L, Li B, Morokoff AP, Kaye AH, Luwor RB. Inhibition of glioblastoma cell proliferation, migration and invasion by the proteasome antagonist carfilzomib. Med Oncol 2016; 33:53. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-016-0767-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Mammaglobin-A immunohistochemistry in primary central nervous system neoplasms and intracranial metastatic breast carcinoma. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2015; 22:442-8. [PMID: 23958549 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0b013e318294ca46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Metastases represent the most common type of intracranial neoplasm. In women, 30% of such tumors derive from breast carcinoma. In neurosurgical cases with ambiguous cellular morphology and/or limited biopsy material, immunohistochemistry (IHC) is often performed to distinguish metastases from primary central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms. IHC for mammaglobin-A (MGA), a protein expressed in a majority of breast carcinomas, is commonly applied in this setting, but its utility for distinguishing primary CNS neoplasms from metastatic breast carcinoma is unknown; the reactivity of MGA in primary and metastatic CNS neoplasms has never been described. Here, we describe the frequency and patterns of IHC reactivity for MGA in metastatic and primary CNS neoplasms from patients with well-documented histories of breast carcinoma. Following a published protocol previously applied to non-CNS neoplasms, MGA staining of moderate to strong intensity within 5% or more of a neoplasm was considered positive. On the basis of these criteria, 3 of 12 (25.0%) glioblastomas, 1 of 10 (10.0%) meningiomas, and 47 of 95 (49.5%) metastases were positive. Importantly, the cytoarchitectural staining characteristics among all 4 MGA-positive primary CNS neoplasms (cytoplasmic and nuclear) differed from those of the metastases (cytoplasmic and membranous). These findings suggest that MGA IHC staining intensity and distribution can distinguish metastases from primary CNS neoplasms (P=0.0086) in women with a history of breast carcinoma but also indicate that cytologic staining patterns must be interpreted for more accurate tumor classification.
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LRIG1 Improves Chemosensitivity Through Inhibition of BCL-2 and MnSOD in Glioblastoma. Cell Biochem Biophys 2014; 71:27-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s12013-014-0139-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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13
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Duebgen M, Martinez-Quintanilla J, Tamura K, Hingtgen S, Redjal N, Wakimoto H, Shah K. Stem cells loaded with multimechanistic oncolytic herpes simplex virus variants for brain tumor therapy. J Natl Cancer Inst 2014; 106:dju090. [PMID: 24838834 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/dju090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current treatment regimen for malignant glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is tumor resection followed by chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Despite the proven safety of oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV) in clinical trials for GBMs, its efficacy is suboptimal mainly because of insufficient viral spread after tumor resection. METHODS Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) were loaded with oHSV (MSC-oHSV), and their fate was explored by real-time imaging in vitro and in vivo. Using novel diagnostic and armed oHSV mutants and real-time multimodality imaging, the efficacy of MSC-oHSV and its proapoptotic variant, oHSV-TRAIL encapsulated in biocompatible synthetic extracellular matrix (sECM), was tested in different mouse GBM models, which more accurately reflect the current clinical settings of malignant, resistant, and resected tumors. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS MSC-oHSVs effectively produce oHSV progeny, which results in killing of GBMs in vitro and in vivo mediated by a dynamic process of oHSV infection and tumor destruction. sECM-encapsulated MSC-oHSVs result in statistically significant increased anti-GBM efficacy compared with direct injection of purified oHSV in a preclinical model of GBM resection, resulting in prolonged median survival in mice (P < .001 with Gehan-Breslow-Wilcoxin test). To supersede resistant tumors, MSC loaded with oHSV-TRAIL effectively induce apoptosis-mediated killing and prolonged median survival in mice bearing oHSV- and TRAIL-resistant GBM in vitro (P < .001 with χ(2) contingency test). CONCLUSIONS Human MSC loaded with different oHSV variants provide a platform to translate oncolytic virus therapies to clinics in a broad spectrum of GBMs after resection and could also have direct implications in different cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Duebgen
- Affiliations of authors: Molecular Neurotherapy and Imaging Laboratory (MD, JM-Q, SH, NR, HW, KS), Department of Radiology (MD, JM-Q, KT, SH, NR, HW, KS), Department of Neurosurgery (NR, HW), and Department of Neurology (KS), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (KS)
| | - Jordi Martinez-Quintanilla
- Affiliations of authors: Molecular Neurotherapy and Imaging Laboratory (MD, JM-Q, SH, NR, HW, KS), Department of Radiology (MD, JM-Q, KT, SH, NR, HW, KS), Department of Neurosurgery (NR, HW), and Department of Neurology (KS), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (KS)
| | - Kaoru Tamura
- Affiliations of authors: Molecular Neurotherapy and Imaging Laboratory (MD, JM-Q, SH, NR, HW, KS), Department of Radiology (MD, JM-Q, KT, SH, NR, HW, KS), Department of Neurosurgery (NR, HW), and Department of Neurology (KS), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (KS)
| | - Shawn Hingtgen
- Affiliations of authors: Molecular Neurotherapy and Imaging Laboratory (MD, JM-Q, SH, NR, HW, KS), Department of Radiology (MD, JM-Q, KT, SH, NR, HW, KS), Department of Neurosurgery (NR, HW), and Department of Neurology (KS), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (KS)
| | - Navid Redjal
- Affiliations of authors: Molecular Neurotherapy and Imaging Laboratory (MD, JM-Q, SH, NR, HW, KS), Department of Radiology (MD, JM-Q, KT, SH, NR, HW, KS), Department of Neurosurgery (NR, HW), and Department of Neurology (KS), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (KS)
| | - Hiroaki Wakimoto
- Affiliations of authors: Molecular Neurotherapy and Imaging Laboratory (MD, JM-Q, SH, NR, HW, KS), Department of Radiology (MD, JM-Q, KT, SH, NR, HW, KS), Department of Neurosurgery (NR, HW), and Department of Neurology (KS), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (KS)
| | - Khalid Shah
- Affiliations of authors: Molecular Neurotherapy and Imaging Laboratory (MD, JM-Q, SH, NR, HW, KS), Department of Radiology (MD, JM-Q, KT, SH, NR, HW, KS), Department of Neurosurgery (NR, HW), and Department of Neurology (KS), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (KS).
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14
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Abstract
Astrocyte-elevated gene-1 (AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC) is a potent oncogene that regulates key cellular processes underlying disease of the central nervous system (CNS). From its involvement in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection to its role in neurodegenerative disease and malignant brain tumors, AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC facilitates cellular survival and proliferation through the control of a multitude of molecular signaling cascades. AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC induction by HIV-1 and TNF highlights its importance in viral infection, and its incorporation into viral vesicles supports its potential role in active viral replication. Overexpression of AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC in the brains of Huntington's disease patients suggests its function in neurodegenerative disease, and its association with genetic polymorphisms in large genome-wide association studies of migraine patients suggests a possible role in the pathogenesis of migraine headaches. In the field of cancer, AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC promotes angiogenesis, migration, invasion, and enhanced tumor metabolism through key oncogenic signaling cascades. In response to external stress cues and cellular mechanisms to inhibit further growth, AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC activates pathways that bypass cell checkpoints and potentiates signals to enhance survival and tumorigenesis. As an oncogene that promotes aberrant cellular processes within the CNS, AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC represents an important therapeutic target for the treatment of neurological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan K Noch
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill-Cornell Medical Center-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA.
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15
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Yang Y, Yan Z, Wei D, Zhong J, Liu L, Zhang L, Wang F, Wei X, Xie C, Lu W, He D. Tumor-penetrating peptide functionalization enhances the anti-glioblastoma effect of doxorubicin liposomes. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 24:405101. [PMID: 24029287 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/24/40/405101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The targeted therapeutic effect of nano drug delivery system for glioblastoma has been hampered by the weak enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect of glioblastoma and the low delivering efficiency of NDDS in glioblastoma tissue. In this study, a tumor-penetrating peptide (RGERPPR), the specific ligand of neuropilin-1 overexpressed on glioblastoma and endothelial cells, was used as a targeting moiety to enhance the anti-glioblastoma effect of doxorubicin liposomes. Firstly, RGERPPR-PEG-DSPE was synthesized and used to prepare the RGERPPR peptide-functionalized liposomes (RGE-LS), which showed vesicle sizes of around 90 nm and narrow size distributions. The cellular uptake and in vivo near-infrared fluorescence imaging test displayed that RGE-LS exhibited increased uptake by glioblastoma cells and intracranial glioblastoma tissues. The cytotoxicity assay and anti-glioblastoma study proved that RGERPPR functionalization significantly enhanced the in vitro inhibitory effect of doxorubicin liposomes on glioblastoma cells and prolonged the median survival time of nude mice bearing intracranial glioblastoma. Finally, the immunofluorescence analysis evidenced that RGE-LS were able to penetrate through tumor vessels and stroma and deep into the whole tumor tissue. The results indicated that tumor-penetrating peptide functionalization is an effective strategy for enhancing the anti-glioblastoma effect of doxorubicin liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China. National Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
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16
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Merz F, Gaunitz F, Dehghani F, Renner C, Meixensberger J, Gutenberg A, Giese A, Schopow K, Hellwig C, Schäfer M, Bauer M, Stöcker H, Taucher-Scholz G, Durante M, Bechmann I. Organotypic slice cultures of human glioblastoma reveal different susceptibilities to treatments. Neuro Oncol 2013; 15:670-81. [PMID: 23576601 PMCID: PMC3661091 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/not003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma multiforme is the most common lethal brain tumor in human adults, with no major therapeutic breakthroughs in recent decades. Research is based mostly on human tumor cell lines deprived of their organotypic environment or inserted into immune-deficient animals required for graft survival. Here, we describe how glioblastoma specimens obtained from surgical biopsy material can be sectioned and transferred into cultures within minutes. METHODS Slices were kept in 6-well plates, allowing direct observation, application of temozolomide, and irradiation. At the end of experiments, slice cultures were processed for histological analysis including hematoxylin-eosin staining, detection of proliferation (Ki67), apoptosis/cell death (cleaved caspase 3, propidium iodide), DNA double-strand breaks (γH2AX), and neural subpopulations. First clinical trials employed irradiation with the heavy ion carbon for the treatment of glioblastoma patients, but the biological effects and most effective dose regimens remain to be established. Therefore, we developed an approach to expose glioblastoma slice cultures to (12)C and X-rays. RESULTS We found preservation of the individual histopathology over at least 16 days. Treatments resulted in activation of caspase 3, inhibition of proliferation, and cell loss. Irradiation induced γH2AX. In line with clinical observations, individual tumors differed significantly in their susceptibility to temozolomide (0.4%-2.5% apoptosis and 1%-15% cell loss). CONCLUSION Glioblastoma multiforme slice cultures provide a unique tool to explore susceptibility of individual tumors for specific therapies including heavy ions, thus potentially allowing more personalized treatments plus exploration of mechanisms of (and strategies to overcome) tumor resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicitas Merz
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 13, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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