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Siminzar P, Tohidkia MR, Eppard E, Vahidfar N, Tarighatnia A, Aghanejad A. Recent Trends in Diagnostic Biomarkers of Tumor Microenvironment. Mol Imaging Biol 2022; 25:464-482. [PMID: 36517729 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-022-01795-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) play critical roles in tumor survival, progression, and metastasis and can be considered potential targets for molecular imaging of cancer. The targeting agents for imaging of TME components (e.g., fibroblasts, mesenchymal stromal cells, immune cells, extracellular matrix, blood vessels) provide a promising strategy to target these biomarkers for the early diagnosis of cancers. Moreover, various cancer types have similar tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) features that targeting those biomarkers and offer clinically translatable molecular imaging of cancers. In this review, we categorize and summarize the components in TME which have been targeted for molecular imaging. Moreover, this review updated the recent progress in targeted imaging of TIME biological molecules by various modalities for the early detection of cancer.
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Saha SK, Islam SMR, Kwak KS, Rahman MS, Cho SG. PROM1 and PROM2 expression differentially modulates clinical prognosis of cancer: a multiomics analysis. Cancer Gene Ther 2020; 27:147-167. [PMID: 31164716 PMCID: PMC7170805 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-019-0109-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Prominin 1 (PROM1) is considered a biomarker for cancer stem cells, although its biological role is unclear. Prominin 2 (PROM2) has also been associated with certain cancers. However, the prognostic value of PROM1 and PROM2 in cancer is controversial. Here, we performed a systematic data analysis to examine whether prominins can function as prognostic markers in human cancers. The expression of prominins was assessed and their prognostic value in human cancers was determined using univariate and multivariate survival analyses, via various online platforms. We selected a group of prominent functional protein partners of prominins by protein-protein interaction analysis. Subsequently, we investigated the relationship between mutations and copy number alterations in prominin genes and various types of cancers. Furthermore, we identified genes that correlated with PROM1 and PROM2 in certain cancers, based on their levels of expression. Gene ontology and pathway analyses were performed to assess the effect of these correlated genes on various cancers. We observed that PROM1 was frequently overexpressed in esophageal, liver, and ovarian cancers and its expression was negatively associated with prognosis, whereas PROM2 overexpression was associated with poor overall survival in lung and ovarian cancers. Based on the varying characteristics of prominins, we conclude that PROM1 and PROM2 expression differentially modulates the clinical outcomes of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subbroto Kumar Saha
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
| | - S M Riazul Islam
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sejong University, 209, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Sup Kwak
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, Inha University, 100, Inha-ro, Nam-gu, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Shahedur Rahman
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Ssang-Goo Cho
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
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Liu R, Mignardi M, Jones R, Enge M, Kim SK, Quake SR, Zou J. Modeling Spatial Correlation of Transcripts with Application to Developing Pancreas. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5592. [PMID: 30944357 PMCID: PMC6447534 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41951-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently high-throughput image-based transcriptomic methods were developed and enabled researchers to spatially resolve gene expression variation at the molecular level for the first time. In this work, we develop a general analysis tool to quantitatively study the spatial correlations of gene expression in fixed tissue sections. As an illustration, we analyze the spatial distribution of single mRNA molecules measured by in situ sequencing on human fetal pancreas at three developmental time points–80, 87 and 117 days post-fertilization. We develop a density profile-based method to capture the spatial relationship between gene expression and other morphological features of the tissue sample such as position of nuclei and endocrine cells of the pancreas. In addition, we build a statistical model to characterize correlations in the spatial distribution of the expression level among different genes. This model enables us to infer the inhibitory and clustering effects throughout different time points. Our analysis framework is applicable to a wide variety of spatially-resolved transcriptomic data to derive biological insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruishan Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Marco Mignardi
- Department of Bioengineering and Applied Physics, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA. .,Department of Information Technology, Uppsala University, Lgerhyddsvgen 2, Uppsala, SE-751 05, Sweden. .,Chan-Zuckerberg Biohub, 499 Illinois St., San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
| | - Robert Jones
- Department of Bioengineering and Applied Physics, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Martin Enge
- Department of Bioengineering and Applied Physics, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Seung K Kim
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Stephen R Quake
- Department of Information Technology, Uppsala University, Lgerhyddsvgen 2, Uppsala, SE-751 05, Sweden.,Chan-Zuckerberg Biohub, 499 Illinois St., San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - James Zou
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA. .,Chan-Zuckerberg Biohub, 499 Illinois St., San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
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Li X, Wan Q, Min J, Duan L, Liu J. Premobilization of CD133+ cells by granulocyte colony- stimulating factor attenuates ischemic acute kidney injury induced by cardiopulmonary bypass. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2470. [PMID: 30792422 PMCID: PMC6385363 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38953-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic acute kidney injury (IAKI) is a common but severe complication after a cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Multiple studies have demonstrated that peripheral CD133+ or differentiated cells are able to home and repair the damaged tissues, but the number of available CD133+ cells is limited, and no efficient method published previously to mobilize them immediately. We analyzed the relationship between CD133+ cells and renal function in CPB patients, in addition, the efficacy of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) pre-mobilized CD133+ cells in treating of mouse IAKI model have been investigated. In the clinical study, the prospective cohort study analyzed the correlation between BUN/Crea level and the peripheral CD133+ cell numbers. CPB was associated with postoperative renal dysfunction. The significant negative correlation was observed between patients' Crea and CD133+ cells (P < 0.05). The proposed mechanism studies were performed on the mouse IAKI model. The experimental mice were treated by G-CSF to mobilize CD133+ cells before implementing CPB. Data on cell count, inflammatory index, renal function/injury, and CD133+ cell mobilization were analyzed. The result demonstrated that pretreatment by G-CSF resulted in tremendous increase in the number of mouse peripheral blood and renal CD133+ cells, significantly reduces renal tissue inflammation and dramatically improves the renal function after CPB. In summary, we concluded that premobilization of CD133+ cells abated CPB induced IAKI, by promoting both repairing damaged epithelium and by its anti-inflammatory activity. Our findings stress the remarkable applications of CD133+ or differentiated cells-based therapies for potential preventing ischemic acute kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Wan
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Min
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Linjia Duan
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
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5
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Romero-Calvo I, Weber CR, Ray M, Brown M, Kirby K, Nandi RK, Long TM, Sparrow SM, Ugolkov A, Qiang W, Zhang Y, Brunetti T, Kindler H, Segal JP, Rzhetsky A, Mazar AP, Buschmann MM, Weichselbaum R, Roggin K, White KP. Human Organoids Share Structural and Genetic Features with Primary Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Tumors. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:70-83. [PMID: 30171177 PMCID: PMC6647028 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-0531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Patient-derived pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) organoid systems show great promise for understanding the biological underpinnings of disease and advancing therapeutic precision medicine. Despite the increased use of organoids, the fidelity of molecular features, genetic heterogeneity, and drug response to the tumor of origin remain important unanswered questions limiting their utility. To address this gap in knowledge, primary tumor- and patient-derived xenograft (PDX)-derived organoids, and 2D cultures for in-depth genomic and histopathologic comparisons with the primary tumor were created. Histopathologic features and PDAC representative protein markers (e.g., claudin 4 and CA19-9) showed strong concordance. DNA- and RNA-sequencing (RNAseq) of single organoids revealed patient-specific genomic and transcriptomic consistency. Single-cell RNAseq demonstrated that organoids are primarily a clonal population. In drug response assays, organoids displayed patient-specific sensitivities. In addition, the in vivo PDX response to FOLFIRINOX and gemcitabine/abraxane treatments were examined, which was recapitulated in vitro with organoids. This study has demonstrated that organoids are potentially invaluable for precision medicine as well as preclinical drug treatment studies because they maintain distinct patient phenotypes and respond differently to drug combinations and dosage. IMPLICATIONS: The patient-specific molecular and histopathologic fidelity of organoids indicate that they can be used to understand the etiology of the patient's tumor and the differential response to therapies and suggests utility for predicting drug responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Romero-Calvo
- Institute for Genomic & Systems Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Christopher R Weber
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Mohana Ray
- Institute for Genomic & Systems Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Miguel Brown
- Institute for Genomic & Systems Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kori Kirby
- Institute for Genomic & Systems Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Rajib K Nandi
- The Computer Science Department, Division of the Physical Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Tiha M Long
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Samantha M Sparrow
- Institute for Genomic & Systems Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Andrey Ugolkov
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
- Center for Development Therapeutics, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
- Tempus Labs, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Wenan Qiang
- Center for Development Therapeutics, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | | | - Tonya Brunetti
- Institute for Genomic & Systems Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Hedy Kindler
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jeremy P Segal
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Andrey Rzhetsky
- Institute for Genomic & Systems Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Andrew P Mazar
- Center for Development Therapeutics, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Mary M Buschmann
- Institute for Genomic & Systems Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ralph Weichselbaum
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and the Ludwig Center for Metastasis, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kevin Roggin
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
| | - Kevin P White
- Institute for Genomic & Systems Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
- Tempus Labs, Chicago, Illinois
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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Zeinali M, Murlidhar V, Fouladdel S, Shao S, Zhao L, Cameron H, Bankhead A, Shi J, Cuneo KC, Sahai V, Azizi E, Wicha MS, Hafner M, Simeone DM, Nagrath S. Profiling Heterogeneous Circulating Tumor Cells (CTC) Populations in Pancreatic Cancer Using a Serial Microfluidic CTC Carpet Chip. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201800228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mina Zeinali
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biointerfaces Institute University of Michigan 2800 Plymouth Road, NCRC B10‐A184 Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
- Biointerfaces Institute University of Michigan 2800 Plymouth Road, NCRC Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
- Institute for Medical Technology of Heidelberg University & University of Applied Sciences Mannheim Mannheim 68163 Germany
| | - Vasudha Murlidhar
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biointerfaces Institute University of Michigan 2800 Plymouth Road, NCRC B10‐A184 Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
- Biointerfaces Institute University of Michigan 2800 Plymouth Road, NCRC Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Shamileh Fouladdel
- Biointerfaces Institute University of Michigan 2800 Plymouth Road, NCRC Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
- Department of Internal Medicine University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Shimeng Shao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biointerfaces Institute University of Michigan 2800 Plymouth Road, NCRC B10‐A184 Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
- Biointerfaces Institute University of Michigan 2800 Plymouth Road, NCRC Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Lili Zhao
- Biostatistics Department University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Heather Cameron
- Department of Surgery and Molecular and Integrative Physiology University of Michigan 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, 2210B Taubman Center Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Armand Bankhead
- Biostatistics Department University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Jiaqi Shi
- Department of Pathology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Kyle C. Cuneo
- Department of Radiation Oncology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Vaibhav Sahai
- Department of Internal Medicine University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Ebrahim Azizi
- Biointerfaces Institute University of Michigan 2800 Plymouth Road, NCRC Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
- Department of Internal Medicine University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Max S. Wicha
- Biointerfaces Institute University of Michigan 2800 Plymouth Road, NCRC Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
- Department of Internal Medicine University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Mathias Hafner
- Institute for Medical Technology of Heidelberg University & University of Applied Sciences Mannheim Mannheim 68163 Germany
| | - Diane M. Simeone
- Department of Surgery and Molecular and Integrative Physiology University of Michigan 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, 2210B Taubman Center Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Sunitha Nagrath
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biointerfaces Institute University of Michigan 2800 Plymouth Road, NCRC B10‐A184 Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
- Biointerfaces Institute University of Michigan 2800 Plymouth Road, NCRC Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
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The Recent Advances on Liver Cancer Stem Cells: Biomarkers, Separation, and Therapy. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2017; 2017:5108653. [PMID: 28819584 PMCID: PMC5551471 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5108653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
As the third major reason of mortality related to cancer in the world, liver cancer is also the fifth most frequent cancer. Unluckily, a majority of patients succumb and relapse though many progresses have been made in detection and therapy of liver cancer. It has been put forward that in liver cancer, cancer stem cells (CSCs) hold main responsibility for the formation, invasion, metastasis, and recurrence of tumor. Strategies that are intended to target liver CSCs are playing a more and more significant role in supervising the development of liver cancer treatment and assessing new therapeutic methods. Herein, a brief review about molecule markers, signal pathways, separation, and treatment on liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs) is provided in this paper.
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Culturing and transcriptome profiling of progenitor-like colonies derived from adult mouse pancreas. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:172. [PMID: 28747214 PMCID: PMC5530554 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0626-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transplantation of insulin-producing cells is considered an important diabetes therapy. Many research studies have shown that insulin-producing cells can be derived from the in-vitro cultured pancreatic colonies with self-renewal ability and multilineage potential. Even though these progenitor-like colonies have been prepared from adult pancreas cells, the efficient culture method is hardly established and regulation of the colonies is rarely known. We confirmed previously that single cells acquired from adult mouse pancreas could form cyst-like colonies in a 3D semi-solid system containing Matrigel and methylcellulose. These colonies could be passaged continuously without losing progenitor-like capacity. In the previous culturing system, however, conditioned medium from murine embryonic-stem-cell-derived pancreatic-like cells was used. This unregulated ingredient may reduce repeatability and affect following study. Thus, a new culturing system with certain components needs to be developed. Methods Single cell suspension was acquired from adult mouse pancreas and cultured in a Matrigel-based 3D system with epidermal growth factor, Nicotinamide, B27, and Noggin to form ring colonies. Serial-passage assay was performed to evaluate self-renewal ability. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunostaining were used to detect the expression of progenitor-related genes. A 2D differentiation method was used to testify the multilineage potency of the colonies. High-throughput sequencing (HTS) of the colonies was performed to profile the differentially expressed genes. Results We developed a 3D culturing system deprived of conditioned medium to propagate those colonies with high proliferative efficiency. HTS of the transcriptome of mRNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) showed differentially expressed genes compared to the whole pancreas (as control). In mRNAs, several surface marker genes were identified in the colonies. Moreover in noncoding RNAs, miR-21a, miR-31 and miR-155 were upregulated and miR-217, miR-802 and miR-375 were downregulated in colonies along with a number of other miRNAs and lncRNAs. Conclusions Our results offer an efficient culture system for pancreatic progenitor-like colonies and HTS of the colonies serves as a target resource for following study of in-vitro cultured pancreatic progenitors. These findings should also contribute to our understanding of the transcriptional regulation of these progenitor-like colonies and the mechanisms behind their functions. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-017-0626-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Heiler S, Wang Z, Zöller M. Pancreatic cancer stem cell markers and exosomes - the incentive push. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:5971-6007. [PMID: 27468191 PMCID: PMC4948278 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i26.5971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PaCa) has the highest death rate and incidence is increasing. Poor prognosis is due to late diagnosis and early metastatic spread, which is ascribed to a minor population of so called cancer stem cells (CSC) within the mass of the primary tumor. CSC are defined by biological features, which they share with adult stem cells like longevity, rare cell division, the capacity for self renewal, differentiation, drug resistance and the requirement for a niche. CSC can also be identified by sets of markers, which for pancreatic CSC (Pa-CSC) include CD44v6, c-Met, Tspan8, alpha6beta4, CXCR4, CD133, EpCAM and claudin7. The functional relevance of CSC markers is still disputed. We hypothesize that Pa-CSC markers play a decisive role in tumor progression. This is fostered by the location in glycolipid-enriched membrane domains, which function as signaling platform and support connectivity of the individual Pa-CSC markers. Outside-in signaling supports apoptosis resistance, stem cell gene expression and tumor suppressor gene repression as well as miRNA transcription and silencing. Pa-CSC markers also contribute to motility and invasiveness. By ligand binding host cells are triggered towards creating a milieu supporting Pa-CSC maintenance. Furthermore, CSC markers contribute to the generation, loading and delivery of exosomes, whereby CSC gain the capacity for a cell-cell contact independent crosstalk with the host and neighboring non-CSC. This allows Pa-CSC exosomes (TEX) to reprogram neighboring non-CSC towards epithelial mesenchymal transition and to stimulate host cells towards preparing a niche for metastasizing tumor cells. Finally, TEX communicate with the matrix to support tumor cell motility, invasion and homing. We will discuss the possibility that CSC markers are the initial trigger for these processes and what is the special contribution of CSC-TEX.
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Canonical Wnt signaling pathway contributes to the proliferation and survival in porcine pancreatic stem cells (PSCs). Cell Tissue Res 2015; 362:379-88. [PMID: 26085341 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-015-2220-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic stem cells (PSCs) transplantation is a potential therapeutic approach to type 1 diabetes mellitus (D1M). However, before clinical use, there are some major hurdles to be faced that need to be comprehensively considered and given some potential solutions in vitro. Human PSCs are difficult to obtain and have a short replicative senescence. As an alternative, we instead established porcine PSCs; as insulin is highly conserved and physiological glucose levels are similar between human and porcine. In order to solve the problems during transplantation therapy, such as the need for an enormous amount of PSCs and good cell survival in overactive autoimmunity induced by reactive oxygen cpecies (ROS) in D1M patients, we utilized Wnt3a overexpression to activate the canonical Wnt signaling pathway in PSCs. We found that the expression of proliferation genes, such as c-Myc, was up-regulated as the downstream of β-catenin, which promoted the PSCs proliferation and made cell numbers to meet the transplantation needs. We also showed that activation of the Wnt pathway made cells more readily tolerate ROS-caused mitochondria injury and cell apoptosis, thus making cells survive in autoimmune patients. The present study provides a theoretical basis for cell transplantation therapy of diabetes.
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11
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Zheng NG, Mo SJ, Li JP, Wu JL. Anti-CSC Effects in Human Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinomas and Eca109/9706 Cells Induced by Nanoliposomal Quercetin Alone or Combined with CD 133 Antiserum. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:8679-84. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.20.8679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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12
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Fujiwara K, Ohuchida K, Sada M, Horioka K, Ulrich CD, Shindo K, Ohtsuka T, Takahata S, Mizumoto K, Oda Y, Tanaka M. CD166/ALCAM expression is characteristic of tumorigenicity and invasive and migratory activities of pancreatic cancer cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107247. [PMID: 25221999 PMCID: PMC4164537 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD166, also known as activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM), is expressed by various cells in several tissues including cancer. However, the role of CD166 in malignant tumors is controversial, especially in pancreatic cancer. This study aimed to clarify the role and significance of CD166 expression in pancreatic cancer. METHODS We performed immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry to analyze the expression of CD166 in surgical pancreatic tissues and pancreatic cancer cell lines. The differences between isolated CD166+ and CD166- pancreatic cancer cells were analyzed by invasion and migration assays, and in mouse xenograft models. We also performed quantitative RT-PCR and microarray analyses to evaluate the expression levels of CD166 and related genes in cultured cells. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry revealed high expression of CD166 in pancreatic cancer tissues (12.2%; 12/98) compared with that in normal pancreas controls (0%; 0/17) (p = 0.0435). Flow cytometry indicated that CD166 was expressed in 33.8-70.2% of cells in surgical pancreatic tissues and 0-99.5% of pancreatic cancer cell lines. Invasion and migration assays demonstrated that CD166- pancreatic cancer cells showed stronger invasive and migratory activities than those of CD166+ cancer cells (p<0.05). On the other hand, CD166+ Panc-1 cells showed a significantly stronger colony formation activity than that of CD166- Panc-1 cells (p<0.05). In vivo analysis revealed that CD166+ cells elicited significantly greater tumor growth than that of CD166- cells (p<0.05) in both subcutaneous and orthotopic mouse tumor models. mRNA expression of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition activator Zeb1 was over-expressed in CD166- cells (p<0.001). Microarray analysis showed that TSPAN8 and BST2 were over-expressed in CD166+ cells, while BMP7 and Col6A1 were over-expressed in CD166- cells. CONCLUSIONS CD166+ pancreatic cancer cells are strongly tumorigenic, while CD166- pancreatic cancer cells exhibit comparatively stronger invasive and migratory activities. These findings suggest that CD166 expression is related to different functions in pancreatic cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Fujiwara
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenoki Ohuchida
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masafumi Sada
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kohei Horioka
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Charles D. Ulrich
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koji Shindo
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takao Ohtsuka
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shunichi Takahata
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Mizumoto
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Kyushu University Hospital Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masao Tanaka
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Li J, Feng ZC, Yeung FSH, Wong MRM, Oakie A, Fellows GF, Goodyer CG, Hess DA, Wang R. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 activity in the developing human pancreas modulates retinoic acid signalling in mediating islet differentiation and survival. Diabetologia 2014; 57:754-64. [PMID: 24374552 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-013-3147-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1), a human stem-cell marker, is an enzyme responsible for converting retinaldehydes to retinoic acids (RAs) to modulate cell differentiation. However, data on expression levels and functional roles of ALDH1 during human fetal pancreatic development are limited. The focus of this study was to characterise ALDH1 expression patterns and to determine its functional role in islet cell differentiation. METHODS The presence of ALDH1 in the human fetal pancreas (8-22 weeks) was characterised by microarray, quantitative RT-PCR, western blotting and immunohistological approaches. Isolated human fetal islet-epithelial cell clusters were treated with ALDH1 inhibitors, retinoic acid receptor (RAR) agonists and ALDH1A1 small interfering (si)RNA. RESULTS In the developing human pancreatic cells, high ALDH1 activity frequently co-localised with key stem-cell markers as well as endocrine transcription factors. A high level of ALDH1 was expressed in newly differentiated insulin(+) cells and this decreased as development progressed. Pharmacological inhibition of ALDH1 activity in human fetal islet-epithelial cell clusters resulted in reduced endocrine cell differentiation and increased cell apoptosis, and was reversed with co-treatment of RAR/RXR agonists. Furthermore, siRNA knockdown of ALDH1A1 significantly decreased RAR expression and induced cell apoptosis via suppression of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway and activation of caspase signals. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our findings indicate that ALDH1(+) cells represent a pool of endocrine precursors in the developing human pancreas and that ALDH1 activity is required during endocrine cell differentiation. Inhibition of ALDH1-mediated retinoid signalling impairs human fetal islet cell differentiation and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Li
- Children's Health Research Institute, Western University, 800 Commissioners Road East, London, ON, Canada, N6C 2V5
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14
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Ren KQ, Cao XZ, Liu ZH, Guo H, Quan MF, Liu F, Jiang L, Xiang HL, Deng XY, Cao JG. 8-bromo-5-hydroxy-7-methoxychrysin targeting for inhibition of the properties of liver cancer stem cells by modulation of Twist signaling. Int J Oncol 2013; 43:1719-29. [PMID: 23970349 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.2071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has suggested that cancer stem cells with expression of surface biomarkers including CD133 and CD44 have more aggressive biological behavior, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which are closely related to invasion. The upregulation and nuclear relocation of the EMT regulator Twist1 have been implicated in the tumor invasion and metastasis of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we aimed to isolate and characterize a small population of CD133+ cells that existed in the HCC cell line SMMC-7721 by MACS and investigated the possible roles of 8-bromo-7-methoxychrysin (BrMC), a synthetic analogue of chrysin, in inhibiting the properties of CD133+ sphere-forming cells (SFCs) derived from the HCC cell line SMMC-7721, namely liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs). Based on the data, BrMC inhibited the proliferation, self-renewal and invasion of LCSCs in vitro and in vivo, downregulated the expression of the LCSC biomarkers CD133 and CD44 and induced EMT by downregulating the expression of Twist and β-catenin in LCSCs. BrMC potentiated the inhibition of LCSCs self-renewal after reduction of twist protein levels, which was attenuated when twist was overexpressed. This study not only provides an important experimental and theoretical basis for investigation of BrMC in LCSCs, but also helps in the development of effective therapeutic medicine for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Qun Ren
- Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
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CD133-targeted paclitaxel delivery inhibits local tumor recurrence in a mouse model of breast cancer. J Control Release 2013; 171:280-7. [PMID: 23871962 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Revised: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Expression of the membrane protein CD133 marks a subset of cancer cells with drug resistant phenotype and enhanced tumor initiating ability in xenotransplantation assays. Because drug resistance and tumor relapse are significant problems, approaches to eliminate these cells are urgently needed. As a step towards achieving this goal, we developed polymeric nanoparticles targeting CD133 by conjugating an anti-CD133 monoclonal antibody to nanoparticles formulated using poly(D,L lactide-co-glycolide) polymer. Nanoparticles were loaded with paclitaxel, a microtubule-stabilizing anticancer agent, as well as with 6-coumarin, a fluorescent probe. CD133-targeted nanoparticles (CD133NPs) were efficiently internalized by Caco-2 cells, which abundantly express CD133 (>9-fold higher uptake than non-targeted control nanoparticles). The effectiveness of CD133NPs in reducing tumor initiating cell (TIC) fraction was investigated using mammosphere formation and soft-agar colony formation assays. Free paclitaxel treatment was not effective in decreasing the TIC population relative to untreated control, whereas CD133NPs effectively decreased the number of mammospheres and colonies formed. In vivo studies in the MDA-MB-231 xenograft model showed that free paclitaxel was initially effective in inhibiting tumor growth but the tumors rebounded rapidly once the treatment was stopped. Tumor regrowth was significantly lower when paclitaxel was delivered through CD133NPs (tumor volume was 518.6±228 vs. 1370.9±295mm(3) for free paclitaxel at 63days; P<0.05). Our studies thus show that encapsulation of paclitaxel in CD133NPs results in a significant decrease in the TIC population and improved therapeutic efficacy compared to that with free paclitaxel treatment. These results indicate the potential of targeting anticancer therapeutics to CD133+ cells for reducing tumor recurrence.
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