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Surai PF, Earle-Payne K, Kidd MT. Taurine as a Natural Antioxidant: From Direct Antioxidant Effects to Protective Action in Various Toxicological Models. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1876. [PMID: 34942978 PMCID: PMC8698923 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural antioxidants have received tremendous attention over the last 3 decades. At the same time, the attitude to free radicals is slowly changing, and their signalling role in adaptation to stress has recently received a lot of attention. Among many different antioxidants in the body, taurine (Tau), a sulphur-containing non-proteinogenic β-amino acid, is shown to have a special place as an important natural modulator of the antioxidant defence networks. Indeed, Tau is synthesised in most mammals and birds, and the Tau requirement is met by both synthesis and food/feed supply. From the analysis of recent data, it could be concluded that the direct antioxidant effect of Tau due to scavenging free radicals is limited and could be expected only in a few mammalian/avian tissues (e.g., heart and eye) with comparatively high (>15-20 mM) Tau concentrations. The stabilising effects of Tau on mitochondria, a prime site of free radical formation, are characterised and deserve more attention. Tau deficiency has been shown to compromise the electron transport chain in mitochondria and significantly increase free radical production. It seems likely that by maintaining the optimal Tau status of mitochondria, it is possible to control free radical production. Tau's antioxidant protective action is of great importance in various stress conditions in human life, and is related to commercial animal and poultry production. In various in vitro and in vivo toxicological models, Tau showed AO protective effects. The membrane-stabilizing effects, inhibiting effects on ROS-producing enzymes, as well as the indirect AO effects of Tau via redox balance maintenance associated with the modulation of various transcription factors (e.g., Nrf2 and NF-κB) and vitagenes could also contribute to its protective action in stress conditions, and thus deserve more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter F. Surai
- Vitagene and Health Research Centre, Bristol BS4 2RS, UK
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
- Biochemistry and Physiology Department, Saint-Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine, 196084 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent Istvan University, H-2103 Gödöllo, Hungary
| | - Katie Earle-Payne
- NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Renfrewshire Health and Social Care Centre, 10 Ferry Road, Renfrew PA4 8RU, UK;
| | - Michael T. Kidd
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA;
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Taurine Enhances Iron-Related Proteins and Reduces Lipid Peroxidation in Differentiated C2C12 Myotubes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111071. [PMID: 33142756 PMCID: PMC7693586 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Taurine is a nonproteinogenic amino sulfonic acid in mammals. Interestingly, skeletal muscle is unable to synthesize taurine endogenously, and the processing of muscular taurine changes throughout ageing and under specific pathophysiological conditions, such as muscular dystrophy. Ageing and disease are also associated with altered iron metabolism, especially when there is an excess of labile iron. The present study addresses the question of whether taurine connects cytoprotective effects and redox homeostasis in a previously unknown iron-dependent manner. Using cultured differentiated C2C12 myotubes, the impact of taurine on markers of lipid peroxidation, redox-sensitive enzymes and iron-related proteins was studied. Significant increases in the heme protein myoglobin and the iron storage protein ferritin were observed in response to taurine treatment. Taurine supplementation reduced lipid peroxidation and BODIPY oxidation by ~60 and 25%, respectively. Furthermore, the mRNA levels of redox-sensitive heme oxygenase (Hmox1), catalase (Cat) and glutamate-cysteine ligase (Gclc) and the total cellular glutathione content were lower in taurine-supplemented cells than they were in the control cells. We suggest that taurine may inhibit the initiation and propagation of lipid peroxidation by lowering basal levels of cellular stress, perhaps through reduction of the cellular labile iron pool.
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Xu SW, Lu Z, Ma BB, Xing T, Li JL, Zhang L, Jiang Y, Gao F. Dietary taurine supplementation enhances antioxidative capacity and improves breast meat quality of broiler chickens. Br Poult Sci 2019; 61:140-145. [PMID: 31698931 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2019.1691147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
1. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of dietary taurine supplementation on growth performance, meat quality and antioxidant responses in breast muscle of broiler chickens.2. A total of 72 Arbor Acres broiler chickens (28-day-old) with similar body weight were randomly allocated into two groups, and fed either 0 g/kg (control; C) or 5 g/kg taurine-supplemented diets (TS) for 14 days.3. The results showed that TS had no effect on growth performance or chemical composition of breast muscle in broilers. The drip and cooking losses were significantly decreased (P < 0.05), and the pH24h of breast muscle were increased (P < 0.05) in the TS group. Meanwhile, broilers in the TS group exhibited significantly higher (P < 0.05) scavenging activities of superoxide and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals, and lower (P < 0.05) contents of carbonyl, malondialdehyde, and 4-hydroxynonenal. TS increased (P < 0.05) total antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase activities. Moreover, TS significantly upregulated (P < 0.05) the mRNA expressions of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase 1, NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase.4. These findings suggested that TS enhanced antioxidative capacity and improved breast meat quality of broilers via activating the Nrf2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Z Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - B B Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - T Xing
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - J L Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - L Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Y Jiang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - F Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P.R. China
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Seidel U, Huebbe P, Rimbach G. Taurine: A Regulator of Cellular Redox Homeostasis and Skeletal Muscle Function. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 63:e1800569. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Seidel
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food ScienceUniversity of Kiel Kiel Germany
| | - Patricia Huebbe
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food ScienceUniversity of Kiel Kiel Germany
| | - Gerald Rimbach
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food ScienceUniversity of Kiel Kiel Germany
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Thirupathi A, Freitas S, Sorato HR, Pedroso GS, Effting PS, Damiani AP, Andrade VM, Nesi RT, Gupta RC, Muller AP, Pinho RA. Modulatory effects of taurine on metabolic and oxidative stress parameters in a mice model of muscle overuse. Nutrition 2018; 54:158-164. [PMID: 29982143 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the regulatory effects of taurine on the biochemical parameters of muscle injury by overuse. METHODS Male Swiss mice were divided into four groups: control (Ctrl), overuse (Ov), taurine (Tau), and overuse plus taurine (OvTau). High-intensity exercise sessions were administered for 21 d with concomitant subcutaneous injections of taurine (150 mg/kg). The mice were then sacrificed. The quadriceps muscles were surgically removed for subsequent histologic analysis and evaluation of mitochondrial function, oxidative stress parameters, tissue repair, and DNA damage markers. RESULTS The Ov group showed significant differences compared with the Ctrl group (all P <0.05). The fiber area decreased by 49.34%, whereas the centralized nuclei contents (Ctrl = 1.33%; Ov = 28.67%), membrane potential (Ctrlsuc = 179.05 arbitrary fluorescence units (AFUs), Ctrlsuc+ADP = 198.11 AFUs; Ovsuc = 482.95 AFUs, Ovsuc+ADP = 461.6 AFUs), complex I activity (Ctrl = 20.45 nmol ⋅ min ⋅ mg protein, Ov = 45.25 nmol ⋅ min ⋅ mg protein), hydrogen peroxide (Ctrlsuc = 1.08 relative fluorescence unit (RFU) ⋅ sec ⋅ mg protein, Ctrlsuc+ADP = 0.23 RFU ⋅ sec ⋅ mg protein; Ovsuc = 5.02 RFU ⋅ sec ⋅ mg protein, Ovsuc+ADP = 0.26 RFU ⋅ sec ⋅ mg protein) and malondialdehyde (Ctrl = 0.03 nmol ⋅ mg ⋅ protein, Ov = 0.06 nmol ⋅ mg ⋅ protein) levels, and DNA damage (Ctrlfreq = 7.17%, Ovfreq = 31.17%; Ctrlindex = 4.17, Ovindex = 72.5) were increased. Taurine administration reduced the number of centralized nuclei (OvTau = 5%), hydrogen peroxide levels (OvTausuc = 2.81 RFU ⋅ sec ⋅ mg protein, OvTaussuc+ADP = 1.54 RFU ⋅ sec ⋅ mg protein), membrane potential (OvTausuc = 220.18 AFUs, OvTaussuc+ADP = 235.28 AFUs), lipid peroxidation (OvTau = 0.02 nmol/mg protein), and DNA damage (OvTaufreq = 21.33%, OvTauindex = 47.83) and increased the fiber area by 54% (all P <0.05). CONCLUSION Taken together, these data suggest that taurine supplementation modulates various cellular remodeling parameters after overuse-induced muscle damage, and that these positive effects may be related to its antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Thirupathi
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Sharon Freitas
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Helen R Sorato
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Giulia S Pedroso
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Pauline S Effting
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Adriani P Damiani
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Vanessa M Andrade
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Renata T Nesi
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Alexandre P Muller
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Ricardo A Pinho
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry in Health, School of Medicine, Graduate Program in Health Science, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
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Desforges M, Whittaker H, Farmer E, Sibley CP, Greenwood SL. Effects of taurine depletion on human placental syncytiotrophoblast renewal and susceptibility to oxidative stress. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 803:63-73. [PMID: 25833488 PMCID: PMC5166970 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-15126-7_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Desforges
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK,
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Oenarto J, Görg B, Moos M, Bidmon HJ, Häussinger D. Expression of organic osmolyte transporters in cultured rat astrocytes and rat and human cerebral cortex. Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 560:59-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Eghbal MA, Taziki S, Sattari MR. Mechanisms of Phenytoin-Induced Toxicity in Freshly Isolated Rat Hepatocytes and the Protective Effects of Taurine and/or Melatonin. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2013; 28:111-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Eghbal
- Drug Applied Research Center; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department; School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
| | - Shohreh Taziki
- Biotechnology Research Center; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department; School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
- Students’ Research Committee; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Sattari
- Drug Applied Research Center; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department; School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
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Lerdweeraphon W, Wyss JM, Boonmars T, Roysommuti S. Perinatal taurine exposure affects adult oxidative stress. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2013; 305:R95-7. [PMID: 23616107 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00142.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Perinatal exposure to taurine (a β-amino acid) can alter adult physiological functions, including arterial pressure, hormonal and renal functions. Whereas perinatal taurine supplementation appears to have only minor effects on adult physiology, perinatal taurine depletion is associated with multiple adverse health effects, especially in animals postnatally exposed to other insults. New studies indicate that the mechanism for many of the physiological effects of taurine is related to the antioxidant activity of taurine. Thus the perinatal taurine depletion leads to oxidative stress in adult animals. It is likely that perinatal taurine depletion increases oxidative stress throughout life and that the early life taurine depletion leads to perinatal, epigenetic programming that impacts adult physiological function.
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