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Cui Y, Wu J, Wang Y, Li D, Zhang F, Jin X, Li M, Zhang J, Liu Z. Protective effects of ginsenoside F 2 on isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 129:155637. [PMID: 38669969 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ginsenoside F2 (GF2) serves as the principal intestinal metabolite resulting from the oral intake of Panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolius, exhibiting antioxidative, hypolipidemic, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory properties. Nevertheless, its effect on myocardial infarction (MI) is still unknown. PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to investigate the protective effect and the underlying mechanisms of GF2 against isoproterenol (ISO)-induced MI. METHODS ISO-induced H9c2 cardiomyocytes and MI rat models were utilized as in vitro and in vivo models to evaluate the impact of anti-MI of GF2. The underlying mechanisms were investigated using a variety of methodologies, including electrocardiography, Western blot analysis, histopathological examination, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, and ELISA techniques. RESULTS In vivo experiments, our results indicated that GF2 significantly ameliorated ISO-induced electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities, myocardial fiber necrosis, rupture, fibrosis of myocardial tissues, and suppressed cardiac enzyme activities. Meanwhile, GF2 notably raised the activity of antioxidant enzymes like CAT, GSH, and SOD. Furthermore, it downregulated Keap1 expression level while upregulating NQO1, Nrf2, and HO-1 expression levels. Additionally, GF2 suppressed the expression of the cleaved caspase-3 and pro-apoptotic protein Bax while promoting the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2, p-PI3K, and p-Akt. TUNEL fluorescence results also demonstrated that GF2 effectively inhibited cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Furthermore, consistent with the results of animal experiments, GF2 considerably attenuated ROS generation, changed apoptosis and mitochondrial function, and reduced oxidative stress in ISO-induced H9c2 cardiomyocytes through activating Nrf2/HO-1 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. CONCLUSION Taken together, GF2 ameliorated MI by preventing cardiocyte apoptosis, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction via modulating the Nrf2/HO-1 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways, showing potential as a treatment strategy for treating MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cui
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jianfa Wu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yanfang Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Dan Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Furui Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xiaoman Jin
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Meihui Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; Jilin Provincial International Joint Research Center for the Development and Utilization of Authentic Medicinal Materials, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; Jilin Provincial International Joint Research Center for the Development and Utilization of Authentic Medicinal Materials, Changchun 130118, China.
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Jae J, Li Y, Sun C, Allan A, Basmaji J, Chilton S, Simsam MH, Kao R, Owen A, Parry N, Priestap F, Rochwerg B, Smith S, Turgeon AF, Vogt K, Walser E, Iansavitchene A, Ball I. Preclinical Studies on Mechanisms Underlying the Protective Effects of Propranolol in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2024; 19:33. [PMID: 38900343 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-024-10121-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity amongst trauma patients. Its treatment is focused on minimizing progression to secondary injury. Administration of propranolol for TBI maydecrease mortality and improve functional outcomes. However, it is our sense that its use has not been universally adopted due to low certainty evidence. The literature was reviewed to explore the mechanism of propranolol as a therapeutic intervention in TBI to guide future clinical investigations. Medline, Embase, and Scopus were searched for studies that investigated the effect of propranolol on TBI in animal models from inception until June 6, 2023. All routes of administration for propranolol were included and the following outcomes were evaluated: cognitive functions, physiological and immunological responses. Screening and data extraction were done independently and in duplicate. The risk of bias for each individual study was assessed using the SYCLE's risk of bias tool for animal studies. Three hundred twenty-three citations were identified and 14 studies met our eligibility criteria. The data suggests that propranolol may improve post-TBI cognitive and motor function by increasing cerebral perfusion, reducing neural injury, cell death, leukocyte mobilization and p-tau accumulation in animal models. Propranolol may also attenuate TBI-induced immunodeficiency and provide cardioprotective effects by mitigating damage to the myocardium caused by oxidative stress. This systematic review demonstrates that propranolol may be therapeutic in TBI by improving cognitive and motor function while regulating T lymphocyte response and levels of myocardial reactive oxygen species. Oral or intravenous injection of propranolol following TBI is associated with improved cerebral perfusion, reduced neuroinflammation, reduced immunodeficiency, and cardio-neuroprotection in preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Jae
- Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Yilong Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Clara Sun
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Alison Allan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - John Basmaji
- Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Raymond Kao
- Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- London Health Sciences Trauma Program, London, ON, Canada
- Office of Academic Military Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Adrian Owen
- Brain and Mind Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Neil Parry
- London Health Sciences Trauma Program, London, ON, Canada
- Office of Academic Military Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Fran Priestap
- London Health Sciences Trauma Program, London, ON, Canada
| | - Bram Rochwerg
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Shane Smith
- London Health Sciences Trauma Program, London, ON, Canada
- Office of Academic Military Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Alexis F Turgeon
- CHU de Québec - Université Laval Research Center, Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Unit (Trauma-Emergency-Critical Care Medicine), Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Kelly Vogt
- London Health Sciences Trauma Program, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Eric Walser
- Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Office of Academic Military Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Alla Iansavitchene
- Health Sciences Library, London Health Sciences Center, London, ON, Canada
| | - Ian Ball
- Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
- London Health Sciences Trauma Program, London, ON, Canada.
- Office of Academic Military Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
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3
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Huang Y, Chen H, Liu Q, Hu J, Hu D, Huang Z, Xu Z, Wan R. Obesity difference on association blood malondialdehyde level and diastolic hypertension in the elderly population: a cross-sectional analysis. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:44. [PMID: 36694211 PMCID: PMC9872357 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-022-00983-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Although increased production of malondialdehyde (MDA), an end product of lipid oxidation caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS), has been found be elevated in hypertensive population, whether MDA contributed to a changed risk of hypertension is uncertain. We aimed to investigate whether elevated blood levels of MDA contribute to increased risk of hypertension and obesity has a modified effect on the association in an older Chinese population. METHODS Data were obtained from 2011 to 2012 of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), a national cohort of older adults in China. Associations between blood MDA level and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) and risk of hypertension were performed by multivariable linear regression and logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The results of smooth curve revealed a gradual upward trend on association of blood MDA level with diastolic BP (P < 0.001), but not with systolic BP (P > 0.05). Logistic regression analysis suggested that elevated blood MDA levels were associated with increased risk of diastolic hypertension (OR = 1.079, 95% CI 1.039-1.122, P < 0.001) rather than systolic hypertension (OR = 0.978, 95% CI 0.943-1.015, P = 0.247) after adjustments of related confounding factors were made. Furthermore, we found the significant modification effect of obesity on the association between MDA level and risk of diastolic hypertension evaluated by body mass index (BMI, interaction P = 0.015) and by waist circumference (interaction P = 0.016). CONCLUSION Our results firstly identified that increased blood MDA levels were associated with elevated risk of diastolic hypertension, rather than systolic hypertension in the non-obese old population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- grid.412455.30000 0004 1756 5980Rehabilitation department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi China
| | - Hong Chen
- grid.412455.30000 0004 1756 5980Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi China
| | - Qifan Liu
- grid.412455.30000 0004 1756 5980Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi China
| | - Jinzhu Hu
- grid.412455.30000 0004 1756 5980Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi China
| | - Dongxi Hu
- grid.412455.30000 0004 1756 5980Rehabilitation department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi China
| | - Zixi Huang
- grid.412455.30000 0004 1756 5980Department of General Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006 Jiangxi China
| | - Zhenyan Xu
- grid.412455.30000 0004 1756 5980Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi China
| | - Rong Wan
- grid.412455.30000 0004 1756 5980Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, No. 1 Minde Road, Donghu, Nanchang, 330006 Jiangxi China
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Angelovski M, Hadzi-Petrushev N, Mitrokhin V, Kamkin A, Mladenov M. Myocardial infarction and oxidative damage in animal models: objective and expectations from the application of cysteine derivatives. Toxicol Mech Methods 2023; 33:1-17. [PMID: 35450505 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2022.2069530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and associated oxidative stress are the main contributors to pathophysiological changes following myocardial infarction (MI), which is the principal cause of death from cardiovascular disease. The glutathione (GSH)/glutathione peroxidase (GPx) system appears to be the main and most active cardiac antioxidant mechanism. Hence, enhancement of the myocardial GSH system might have protective effects in the setting of MI. It follows that by increasing antioxidant capacity, the heart will be able to reduce the damage associated with MI and even prevent/weaken the occurrence of oxidative stress, which is highly ranked among the factors responsible for the occurrence of acute MI. For these reasons, the primary goal of future investigations should be to address the effects of different antioxidative compounds and especially cysteine derivatives like N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) and L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (OTC) as precursors responsible for the enhancement of the GSH-related antioxidant system's capacity. It is assumed that this will lay down the basis for elucidation of the mechanisms throughout which applicable doses of OTC will manifest a potentially positive impact in the reduction of adverse effects of acute MI. The inclusion of OTC in the models for prediction of the distribution of oxygen in infarcted animal hearts can help to upgrade existing computational models. Such a model would be based on computational geometries of the heart, but the inclusion of biochemical redox features in addition to angiogenic therapy, despite improvement of the post-infarcted oxygenated outcome could enhance the accuracy of the predictive values of oxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Angelovski
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science and Mathematics, Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Nikola Hadzi-Petrushev
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science and Mathematics, Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Vadim Mitrokhin
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Physiology, Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andre Kamkin
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Physiology, Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mitko Mladenov
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science and Mathematics, Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia.,Department of Fundamental and Applied Physiology, Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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Kushwah AS, Mittal R, Kumar M, Kaur G, Goel P, Sharma RK, Kabra A, Nainwal LM. Cardioprotective Activity of Cassia fistula L. Bark Extract in Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Infarction Rat Model. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:6874281. [PMID: 36051494 PMCID: PMC9427257 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6874281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cassia fistula Linn, generally recognized as Indian laburnum, is one of the ancient trees in the Indian subcontinent used for its ornamental and diverse medicinal properties. It is known for its ethnic medicinal uses in inflammatory and infectious pathologies such as antihelmintic, purgative, carminative, antipyretic, expectorant, analgesic, laxative, antiseptic, and antidote against snake poison. The Cassia bark is rich in anthraquinones, flavanols glycosides, and sitosterols, which renders it cardioprotective properties. The existing experiments were designed to assess the potential of Cassia fistula bark against isoproterenol (ISP)-induced cardiotoxicity in rats, which has not been validated yet. The bark was successively extracted with five different solvents, and each extract was subjected to in vitro antioxidant studies. Further acute oral toxicity assays were carried out preceding in vivo myocardial studies. Cardiotoxicity-inducing agent, ISP, was administrated to the rats for two consecutive days (8th and 9th). Based on in vitro studies, the Cassia fistula methanolic extract (CFME) was administered in two doses: CFME-LD (lower dose 250 mg/kg) and CFME-HD (high dose 500 mg/kg) separately. It was found that CFME produced a substantial decrease in lipid peroxidation and an increase in antioxidants in myocardial tissues. CFME abrogated the levels of triglyceride and total cholesterol with a decrease in alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) activity in serum at both doses. 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining and histopathology also revealed the protective effects of CFME against ISP-induced myocardial infarction. The study showed the significant role of the CFME as a strong antioxidant and cardioprotective action in ISP-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Singh Kushwah
- Department of Pharmacology, Amar Shaheed Baba Ajit Singh Jujhar Singh Memorial College of Pharmacy, Bela, Rupnagar, Punjab 140111, India
| | - Roopal Mittal
- RKSD College of Pharmacy, Kaithal, Haryana 136027, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab 140401, India
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 17033-0850, USA
| | - Gurpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, Amar Shaheed Baba Ajit Singh Jujhar Singh Memorial College of Pharmacy, Bela, Rupnagar, Punjab 140111, India
| | - Prerna Goel
- School of Medical and Allied Sciences, GD Goenka University, Sohna, Gurugram, Haryana 122102, India
| | - Rahul Kumar Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Amar Shaheed Baba Ajit Singh Jujhar Singh Memorial College of Pharmacy, Bela, Rupnagar, Punjab 140111, India
| | - Atul Kabra
- University Institute of Pharma Sciences, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab 140413, India
| | - Lalit Mohan Nainwal
- School of Medical and Allied Sciences, GD Goenka University, Sohna, Gurugram, Haryana 122102, India
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Althunibat OY, Abduh MS, Abukhalil MH, Aladaileh SH, Hanieh H, Mahmoud AM. Umbelliferone prevents isoproterenol-induced myocardial injury by upregulating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling, and attenuating oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell death in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 149:112900. [PMID: 35378502 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of oxidative injury and inflammatory response in cardiovascular diseases and heart failure has been well-acknowledged. This study evaluated the protective effect of umbelliferone (UMB), a coumarin with promising radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory activities, on myocardial injury induced by isoproterenol (ISO) in rats. Rats received 50 mg/kg UMB orally for 14 days and 85 mg/kg ISO twice at an interval of 24 h. Administration of ISO elevated serum troponin I, creatine kinase-MB and lactate dehydrogenase, and caused histopathological alterations, including degeneration, fatty vacuolation, myolysis, and atrophy of myocardial fibers. Malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) p65, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β were increased, whereas reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase were decreased in ISO-administered rats. UMB effectively ameliorated myocardial injury, alleviated cardiac function markers, MDA, NO, NF-κB p65, and the inflammatory mediators, and enhanced cellular antioxidants. Bax, caspase-3, and 8-OHdG were decreased, and Bcl-2 was increased in ISO-administered rats treated with UMB. In addition, UMB upregulated nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase (HO)-1 in the heart of ISO-administered rats. In conclusion, UMB can protect the myocardium from oxidative injury, inflammatory response, and cell death induced by ISO by upregulating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling and antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama Y Althunibat
- Department of Medical Analysis, Princess Aisha Bint Al-Hussein College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Jordan
| | - Maisa Siddiq Abduh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad H Abukhalil
- Department of Medical Analysis, Princess Aisha Bint Al-Hussein College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Jordan; Department of Biology, College of Science, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Jordan
| | - Saleem H Aladaileh
- Department of Medical Analysis, Princess Aisha Bint Al-Hussein College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Jordan; Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Hafr Al-Batin, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamza Hanieh
- Department of Medical Analysis, Princess Aisha Bint Al-Hussein College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Jordan; International Medical Research Center (iMReC), Aqaba, Jordan
| | - Ayman M Mahmoud
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt; Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK.
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7
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Kabir F, Nahar K, Rahman MM, Al Mamun A, Faruk M, Hossain MH, Subhan N, Alam MA. Beetroot powder supplementation prevents oxidative stress and inflammatory cells infiltration in isoprenaline-induced myocardial damage in rats. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2019. [DOI: 10.3233/mnm-180263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fariha Kabir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Bangladesh
| | - Kamrun Nahar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Bangladesh
| | | | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Faruk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Hemayet Hossain
- BCSIR Laboratories, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Bangladesh
| | - Nusrat Subhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Bangladesh
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Nwokocha CR, Warren I, Palacios J, Simirgiotis M, Nwokocha M, Harrison S, Thompson R, Paredes A, Bórquez J, Lavado A, Cifuentes F. Modulatory Effect of Guinep ( Melicoccus bijugatus Jacq) Fruit Pulp Extract on Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Damage in Rats. Identification of Major Metabolites Using High Resolution UHPLC Q-Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24020235. [PMID: 30634603 PMCID: PMC6359499 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24020235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Guinep is traditionally used in the management of cardiovascular ailments. This study aims to evaluate its medicinal constituents and effects in the management of myocardial injury in an experimental isoproterenol (ISO) rat model. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four groups: Group 1 was the control group; Group 2 received M. bijugatus extract (100 mg/Kg; MB) for six weeks; Group 3 was given ISO (85 mg/Kg) i.p. twice during a 24-hour period; and Group 4 was given ISO (85 mg/Kg) i.p. and MB extract (100 mg/Kg) for six weeks. The MB was administered orally by gavage, daily. The blood pressure of conscious animals was measured, while ECG was performed under anesthesia. Blood and serum were collected for biochemical and hematological analysis. The ISO group treated with MB showed a significant decrease (p < 0.001) in (SBP), diastolic (DBP), mean arterial (MAP) and heart rate (HR) compared to the ISO only group. Conversely, MB treated rats that were not induced with ISO displayed a significant decreases (p < 0.001) in SBP, DBP, MAP, and HR. ISO significantly elevated the ST segment (p < 0.001) and shortened the QTc interval (p < 0.05), which were recovered after treatment with 100 mg/Kg of MB. In addition, the results showed a significant decrease (p < 0.001) in the heart to body weight ratio of the ISO group treated with MB compared to the ISO only group. Furthermore, the extract normalized the hematological values depressed by the ISO while significantly elevating the platelet count. UHPLC high-resolution orbitrap mass spectrometry analysis results revealed the presence of several antioxidants like vitamin C and related compounds, phenolic acids, flavonoid, fatty acids (oxylipins), and terpene derivatives. The results of this study indicated that Melicoccus bijugatus did display some cardio-protective effects in relation to myocardial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chukwuemeka R Nwokocha
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences Physiology Section, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, KGN, Jamaica.
| | - Isheba Warren
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences Physiology Section, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, KGN, Jamaica.
| | - Javier Palacios
- Facultad Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de EtnoFarmacología (IDE), Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique 1110939, Chile.
| | - Mario Simirgiotis
- Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile.
| | - Magdalene Nwokocha
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Mona Campus, Kingston 7, KGN, Jamaica.
| | - Sharon Harrison
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Mona Campus, Kingston 7, KGN, Jamaica.
| | - Rory Thompson
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Mona Campus, Kingston 7, KGN, Jamaica.
| | - Adrian Paredes
- Laboratorio de Química Biológica, Instituto Antofagasta, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta 1270300, Chile.
| | - Jorge Bórquez
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta 1270300, Chile.
| | - Astrid Lavado
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Experimental, Instituto Antofagasta, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta 1270300, Chile.
| | - Fredi Cifuentes
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Experimental, Instituto Antofagasta, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta 1270300, Chile.
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Rahman MM, Zaman S, Mamun F, Gias ZT, Alam MN, Ulla A, Hossain MH, Reza HM, Alam MA. Phenolic content analysis in Psidium guajavaleaves powder by HPLC‐DAD system and in vivo renoprotective and antioxidant activities in fludrocortisone acetate‐induced rats. J Food Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Mizanur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences North South University Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Shamita Zaman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences North South University Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Fariha Mamun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences North South University Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Zarin Tasnim Gias
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences North South University Dhaka Bangladesh
| | | | - Anayt Ulla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences North South University Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Md. Hemayet Hossain
- BCSIR Laboratories Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR) Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Hasan Mahmud Reza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences North South University Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Md. Ashraful Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences North South University Dhaka Bangladesh
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10
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Coordinate and redox interactions of epinephrine with ferric and ferrous iron at physiological pH. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3530. [PMID: 29476145 PMCID: PMC5824886 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21940-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Coordinate and redox interactions of epinephrine (Epi) with iron at physiological pH are essential for understanding two very different phenomena – the detrimental effects of chronic stress on the cardiovascular system and the cross-linking of catecholamine-rich biopolymers and frameworks. Here we show that Epi and Fe3+ form stable high-spin complexes in the 1:1 or 3:1 stoichiometry, depending on the Epi/Fe3+ concentration ratio (low or high). Oxygen atoms on the catechol ring represent the sites of coordinate bond formation within physiologically relevant bidentate 1:1 complex. Redox properties of Epi are slightly impacted by Fe3+. On the other hand, Epi and Fe2+ form a complex that acts as a strong reducing agent, which leads to the production of hydrogen peroxide via O2 reduction, and to a facilitated formation of the Epi–Fe3+ complexes. Epi is not oxidized in this process, i.e. Fe2+ is not an electron shuttle, but the electron donor. Epi-catalyzed oxidation of Fe2+ represents a plausible chemical basis of stress-related damage to heart cells. In addition, our results support the previous findings on the interactions of catecholamine moieties in polymers with iron and provide a novel strategy for improving the efficiency of cross-linking.
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Wei Y, Meng T, Sun C. Protective effect of diltiazem on myocardial ischemic rats induced by isoproterenol. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:495-501. [PMID: 29115512 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to analyze the effect of diltiazem on myocardial fibrosis and remodeling of connexin43 (Cx43) in myocardial ischemic rats and mechanisms underlying these processes. A total of 36 Sprague‑Dawley rats were randomly allocated into three groups (control, isoproterenol and isoproterenol with diltiazem). The myocardial ischemic model was established by 5 mg/kg/day isoproterenol administration for 7 days, and the diltiazem group received 25 mg/kg/day diltiazem for 4 weeks. Following the treatment, paraffin sections were prepared to observe microstructural changes and to evaluate the concentration of Ca2+ in myocardium. The expression of transforming growth factors‑β1 (TGF‑β1), mothers against decapentaplegic homologues (Smad)2 and 7 and Cx43, were analyzed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. The percentage Cx43 expression in intercalated disks was evaluated using immunohistochemistry. Fibrosis did not differ significantly between the control and the diltiazem‑treated group. The concentration of Ca2+ increased in the myocardium of model rats. The expression of Smad7 and Cx43 was decreased in the rat model, while the expression of TGF‑β1 and Smad2 was increased. There was a significant decrease in the relative abundance of intercalated disk Cx43 in the model group. The results of the present study suggest that diltiazem may serve a protective role during remodeling of myocardial ischemia, especially in fibrosis and Cx43 remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejiao Wei
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Tianyu Meng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Chaofeng Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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Dietary fenugreek ( Trigonella foenum-graecum ) seeds and garlic ( Allium sativum ) alleviates oxidative stress in experimental myocardial infarction. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Jjf Belch
- Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, Scotland
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Nwokocha C, Palacios J, Simirgiotis MJ, Thomas J, Nwokocha M, Young L, Thompson R, Cifuentes F, Paredes A, Delgoda R. Aqueous extract from leaf of Artocarpus altilis provides cardio-protection from isoproterenol induced myocardial damage in rats: Negative chronotropic and inotropic effects. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 203:163-170. [PMID: 28342858 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The leaves of Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson ex F.A.Zorn, Fosberg) (Moraceae) are used in the management of hypertension; this study assessed the cardio-protective effects of the leaf extract on isoproterenol (ISO) induced myocardial damage in rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty (20) adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (175-230g) were divided into 5 groups. Group 1 (Control), 2 (AA) received 50mg/Kg Artocarpus altilis (AA) only; 3 (ISO) received 85mg/Kg ISO only; 4 (ISO+AA/50) and 5 (ISO+AA/100) received 50 and 100mg/Kg AA respectively for 6 days, after induced with ISO twice (85mg/Kg) at a 24-h period. Blood pressure readings were taken before and after the administering of ISO using the tail cuff method. ECG was performed on anaesthetized rats. Cardiac contractility was measured in isolated right atrial muscles. Assessment of myocardial infarct (MI) size, heart/body weight ratio, biochemical, hematological and histo-morphological parameters were conducted at the end of seven days. An aqueous extract from leaves of A. altilis was analyzed for organic compounds using UHPLC mass spectrometry. RESULTS ISO induced myocardial damage through an elevation of the heart rate (HR), infarct size and ECG distortions. Treatment with AA significantly (p˂0.05) reduced heart/body weight ratio (49%), MI (96%), HR (27%), sympathovagal imbalance (36%) and serum cardiac biomarkers (AST, LDH, HDL, triglycerides and CCK) caused by ISO. AA decreased the beat frequency of isolated right atrium (11%) cause by ISO, an action similar to propranolol (beta-adrenergic antagonist; 20%), but showed no significant changes in the QTc intervals of the ECG (suggesting no cardio-toxic drug-herb interactions), Thirty nine compounds were detected using high resolution LC-MS analysis (HPLC-Orbitrap-APCI-MS) in the extract. Pure compounds, as gallic acid and rutin, presented a higher negative chronotropic effect, similar to propranolol. CONCLUSION Oral administration of aqueous extract of Artocarpus artilis has cardio-protective functions in myocardial injury, in part, by decreasing the HR, reduced contractility and infarct size. These findings may explain the cardio-protective use of A. altilis in traditional medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chukwuemeka Nwokocha
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Mona Campus, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Javier Palacios
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de EtnoFarmacología (IDE), Universidad Arturo Prat, Chile.
| | - Mario J Simirgiotis
- Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Jemesha Thomas
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Mona Campus, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Magdalene Nwokocha
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Mona Campus, Jamaica
| | - Lauriann Young
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Mona Campus, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Rory Thompson
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Mona Campus, Jamaica
| | - Fredi Cifuentes
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Experimental (EPhyL), Instituto Antofagasta (IA), Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Adrian Paredes
- Laboratorio de Química Biológica, Instituto Antofagasta (IA), Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Rupika Delgoda
- Natural Products Institute, University of the West Indies, Mona Campus, Jamaica
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Boshra V, Atwa A. Effect of cerebrolysin on oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in an experimental rat model of myocardial ischemia. Physiol Int 2016; 103:310-320. [DOI: 10.1556/2060.103.2016.3.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Shieh FK, Kotlyar E, Sam F. Aldosterone and cardiovascular remodelling: focus on myocardial failure. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2016; 5:3-13. [PMID: 15136967 DOI: 10.3317/jraas.2004.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is a clinical syndrome that may result from different disease states or conditions that injure the myocardium. The activation of circulating neurohormones, particularly aldosterone, may play a pivotal role in left ventricular (LV) remodelling. The Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study and Eplerenone Post-Acute Myocardial Infarction Heart Failure Efficacy and Survival trial have emphasised the clinical importance of aldosterone. This review addresses some of the proposed mechanisms of LV remodelling in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick K Shieh
- Boston University Medical School, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massechussetts, USA
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Aerobic Exercise and Pharmacological Therapies for Skeletal Myopathy in Heart Failure: Similarities and Differences. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:4374671. [PMID: 26904163 PMCID: PMC4745416 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4374671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal myopathy has been identified as a major comorbidity of heart failure (HF) affecting up to 20% of ambulatory patients leading to shortness of breath, early fatigue, and exercise intolerance. Neurohumoral blockade, through the inhibition of renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAS) and β-adrenergic receptor blockade (β-blockers), is a mandatory pharmacological therapy of HF since it reduces symptoms, mortality, and sudden death. However, the effect of these drugs on skeletal myopathy needs to be clarified, since exercise intolerance remains in HF patients optimized with β-blockers and inhibitors of RAS. Aerobic exercise training (AET) is efficient in counteracting skeletal myopathy and in improving functional capacity and quality of life. Indeed, AET has beneficial effects on failing heart itself despite being of less magnitude compared with neurohumoral blockade. In this way, AET should be implemented in the care standards, together with pharmacological therapies. Since both neurohumoral inhibition and AET have a direct and/or indirect impact on skeletal muscle, this review aims to provide an overview of the isolated effects of these therapeutic approaches in counteracting skeletal myopathy in HF. The similarities and dissimilarities of neurohumoral inhibition and AET therapies are also discussed to identify potential advantageous effects of these combined therapies for treating HF.
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Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor, Allopurinol, Prevented Oxidative Stress, Fibrosis, and Myocardial Damage in Isoproterenol Induced Aged Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:478039. [PMID: 26137187 PMCID: PMC4475550 DOI: 10.1155/2015/478039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the preventive effect of allopurinol on isoproterenol (ISO) induced myocardial infarction in aged rats. Twelve- to fourteen-month-old male Long Evans rats were divided into three groups: control, ISO, and ISO + allopurinol. At the end of the study, all rats were sacrificed for blood and organ sample collection to evaluate biochemical parameters and oxidative stress markers analyses. Histopathological examinations were also conducted to assess inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrosis in heart and kidneys. Our investigation revealed that the levels of oxidative stress markers were significantly increased while the level of cellular antioxidants, catalase activity, and glutathione concentration in ISO induced rats decreased. Treatment with allopurinol to ISO induced rats prevented the elevated activities of AST, ALT, and ALP enzymes, and the levels of lipid peroxidation products and increased reduced glutathione concentration. ISO induced rats also showed massive inflammatory cells infiltration and fibrosis in heart and kidneys. Furthermore, allopurinol treatment prevented the inflammatory cells infiltration and fibrosis in ISO induced rats. In conclusion, the results of our study suggest that allopurinol treatment is capable of protecting heart of ISO induced myocardial infarction in rats probably by preventing oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis.
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Cardioprotective effect of linseed oil against isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in Wistar rats: a biochemical and electrocardiographic study. J Physiol Biochem 2015; 71:281-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s13105-015-0411-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Amran AZ, Jantan I, Dianita R, Buang F. Protective effects of the standardized extract of Zingiber officinale on myocardium against isoproterenol-induced biochemical and histopathological alterations in rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 53:1795-802. [PMID: 25868620 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1008147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Ginger [Zingiber officinale Roscoe. (Zingiberaceae)] has been universally used as a spice as well as for its health benefits. OBJECTIVE The present study evaluates the protective effect of the standardized extract of ginger against isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial infarction (MI) in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Wistar rats were pretreated orally with three doses of standardized ginger extract (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of body weight) or propranolol (5 mg/mL) for 28 d prior to ISO (85 mg/kg) induced MI in two doses on days 29 and 30. The rats were sacrificed 48 h after the first induction; serum and hearts were collected for biochemical and histopathological analysis. RESULTS Gingerols and shogaols were identified and quantitatively analyzed in the extracts using validated reversed phase HPLC methods. Pretreatment with ginger extract at 400 mg/kg showed a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in all the cardiac enzyme activities, i.e., cardiac troponin I (cTnI) (0.57 ng/mL), creatine kinase MB isoenzyme (CK-MB) (10.34 pg/mL), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (115.22 U/L), alanine transaminase (ALT) (15.79 U/L), and aspartate transaminase (AST) (46.72 U/L) when compared with ISO-control rats. There were significant rises (p < 0.05) in the activity of glutathione peroxide (GPx) (53.16 U/L), catalase (CAT) (210.41 U/L), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) (280.89 U/mL) of the pretreated rats when compared with the ISO-control. Histopathological examination showed an improvement in membrane cell integrity in pretreated rats compared with untreated rats. CONCLUSION The ethanol extract of ginger exhibited cardioprotective potential in treating myocardial injury following ISO administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athirah Z Amran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Drug and Herbal Research Center, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
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Protective effect of melatonin against myocardial injury induced by epinephrine. J Physiol Biochem 2015; 71:43-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s13105-014-0377-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Tsuber V, Kadamov Y, Tarasenko L. Activation of antioxidant defenses in whole saliva by psychosocial stress is more manifested in young women than in young men. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115048. [PMID: 25525800 PMCID: PMC4272280 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychosocial stress has been long known to have deleterious effects on health. Nevertheless, an exposure to moderate stressors enhances resilience and promotes health benefits. Male and female organisms differ in many aspects of health and disease. The aim of this study was to investigate antioxidant activity and oxidative damage in saliva in a psychosocial stress paradigm in men and women. Here, we show that an acute stressor of moderate strength augments antioxidant activity and decreases oxidative damage in whole saliva of young people. An examination stress caused a significant increase of catalase activity, accompanied by a decrease of levels of oxidized proteins. Levels of thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances did not increase at stress, indicating that lipid peroxidation was not activated. The stress-induced alterations were more manifested in young women compared to young men. Thus, antioxidant protective mechanisms are more activated by a moderate stressor in young women than in young men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriia Tsuber
- Department of Medical, Bioorganic and Biological Chemistry, Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy, Poltava, Ukraine
- * E-mail:
| | - Yunus Kadamov
- Department of Medical, Bioorganic and Biological Chemistry, Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy, Poltava, Ukraine
| | - Lydia Tarasenko
- Department of Medical, Bioorganic and Biological Chemistry, Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy, Poltava, Ukraine
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Oxidative stress markers and C-reactive protein are related to severity of heart failure in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:147040. [PMID: 25400332 PMCID: PMC4226178 DOI: 10.1155/2014/147040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. The aim of study was to determine relationships between functional capacity (NYHA class), left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF), hemodynamic parameters, and biomarkers of redox state and inflammation in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Methods. DCM patients (n = 109, aged 45.97 ± 10.82 years), NYHA class IIV, and LVEF 2.94 ± 7.1% were studied. Controls comprised age-matched healthy volunteers (n = 28). Echocardiography and right heart catheterization were performed. Serum activities of superoxide dismutase isoenzymes (MnSOD and CuZnSOD), concentrations of uric acid (UA), malondialdehyde (MDA), and C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were measured. Results. MnSOD, UA, hs-CRP, and MDA were significantly higher in DCM patients compared to controls. Except MDA concentration, above parameters were higher in patients in III-IV NYHA class or with lower LVEF. hsCRP correlated with of MnSOD (P < 0.05) and CuZnSOD activity (P < 0.01). Both isoenzymes positively correlated with mPAP and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (MnSOD, resp., P < 0.01 and P < 0.05 and CuZnSOD P < 0.05; P < 0.05). UA positively correlated with MnSOD (P < 0.05), mPAP (P < 0.05), and PVRI (P < 0.05). The negative correlation between LVEF and UA (P < 0.01) was detected. Conclusion. There are relationships among the severity of symptoms of heart failure, echocardiographic hemodynamic parameters, oxidative stress, and inflammatory activation. Increased MnSOD activity indicates the mitochondrial source of ROS in patients with advanced heart failure.
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Kim H, Bae S, Kim Y, Cho CH, Kim SJ, Kim YJ, Lee SP, Kim HR, Hwang YI, Kang JS, Lee WJ. Vitamin C prevents stress-induced damage on the heart caused by the death of cardiomyocytes, through down-regulation of the excessive production of catecholamine, TNF-α, and ROS production in Gulo(-/-)Vit C-Insufficient mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:573-583. [PMID: 23886864 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
It is thought that vitamin C has protective roles on stress-induced heart damage and the development of cardiovascular diseases, but its precise role and mechanisms are unclear. In the present study, we investigated the specific mechanisms by which vitamin C leads to protecting the heart from stress-induced damage in the Gulo(-/-) mice which cannot synthesize vitamin C like humans. By exposure to stress (1h/day), the heartbeat and cardiac output in vitamin C-insufficient Gulo(-/-) mice were definitely decreased, despite a significant increase of adrenaline (ADR) and noradrenaline (NA) production. A change of cardiac structure caused by the death of cardiomyocytes and an increased expression of matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-2 and -9 were also found. Moreover, lipid peroxidation and the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in the heart were increased. Finally, all vitamin C-insufficient Gulo(-/-) mice were expired within 2 weeks. Interestingly, all of the findings in vitamin C-insufficient Gulo(-/-) mice were completely prevented by the supplementation of a sufficient amount of vitamin C. Taken together, vitamin C insufficiency increases the risk of stress-induced cardiac damage with structural and functional changes arising from the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyemin Kim
- Laboratory of Vitamin C and Antioxidant Immunology, Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Seyeon Bae
- Laboratory of Vitamin C and Antioxidant Immunology, Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Yejin Kim
- Laboratory of Vitamin C and Antioxidant Immunology, Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung-Hyun Cho
- Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Joon Kim
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea; Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Jin Kim
- Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Pyo Lee
- Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Hang-Rae Kim
- Laboratory of Vitamin C and Antioxidant Immunology, Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Il Hwang
- Laboratory of Vitamin C and Antioxidant Immunology, Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Seung Kang
- Laboratory of Vitamin C and Antioxidant Immunology, Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea.
| | - Wang Jae Lee
- Laboratory of Vitamin C and Antioxidant Immunology, Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea.
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Ishaq GM, Saidu Y, Bilbis LS, Muhammad SA, Jinjir N, Shehu BB. Effects of α-tocopherol and ascorbic acid in the severity and management of traumatic brain injury in albino rats. J Neurosci Rural Pract 2013; 4:292-7. [PMID: 24250162 PMCID: PMC3821415 DOI: 10.4103/0976-3147.118784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is accompanied by substantial accumulation of biomarkers of oxidative stress and depletion of antioxidants reserve which initiate chain reactions that damage brain cells. The present study investigated the role of ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol on the severity and management of TBI in rats. Materials and Methods: Wistar rats were subjected to closed head injury using an accelerated impact device. Rats were administered 45 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg body weight of ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol or a combination of the two vitamins for 2 weeks pre- and post injury. Blood and brain tissue homogenates were analyzed for vitamin C, vitamin E, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and creatine kinase activities. Results: The results indicated that TBI caused significant (P < 0.05) decreased in vitamins C and E levels in the blood and brain tissue of TBI-untreated rats. The activities of superoxide dismutase in TBI rats were markedly reduced when compared with non traumatized control and showed a tendency to increased following supplementation with vitamins C and E. Supplementation of the vitamins significantly (P < 0.05) reduced malondialdehyde in the treatment groups compared with the TBI-untreated group. Conclusion: The study indicated that pre and post treatment with ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol reduced oxidative stress induced by brain injury and effectively reduced mortality rate in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaafar M Ishaq
- Department of Biochemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B. 2346, Sokoto, Nigeria
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Anisimov VN, Bartke A. The key role of growth hormone-insulin-IGF-1 signaling in aging and cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2013; 87:201-23. [PMID: 23434537 PMCID: PMC4095988 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2013.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Revised: 12/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies in mammals have led to the suggestion that hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia are important factors in aging. GH/Insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) signaling molecules that have been linked to longevity include daf-2 and InR and their homologues in mammals, and inactivation of the corresponding genes increases lifespan in nematodes, fruit flies and mice. The life-prolonging effects of caloric restriction are likely related to decreasing IGF-1 levels. Evidence has emerged that antidiabetic drugs are promising candidates for both lifespan extension and prevention of cancer. Thus, antidiabetic drugs postpone spontaneous carcinogenesis in mice and rats, as well as chemical and radiation carcinogenesis in mice, rats and hamsters. Furthermore, metformin seems to decrease the risk for cancer in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir N Anisimov
- Department of Carcinogenesis and Oncogerontology, N.N. Petrov Research Institute of Oncology, St. Petersburg, Russia.
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Ojha SK, Sharma C, Golechha MJ, Bhatia J, Kumari S, Arya DS. Licorice treatment prevents oxidative stress, restores cardiac function, and salvages myocardium in rat model of myocardial injury. Toxicol Ind Health 2013; 31:140-52. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233713491800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined the effects of licorice on antioxidant defense, functional impairment, histopathology, and ultrastructural alterations in isoproterenol (ISP)-induced myocardial injury in rats. Myocardial necrosis was induced by two subcutaneous injection of ISP (85 mg/kg) at an interval of 24 h. Licorice was administered orally for 30 days in the doses of 100, 200, 400, or 800 mg/kg. ISP-treated rats showed impaired hemodynamics, left ventricular dysfunction, and caused depletion of antioxidants and marker enzymes along with lipid peroxidation from myocardium. ISP also induced histopathological and ultrastructural alterations in myocardium. Pretreatment with licorice prevented the depletion of endogenous antioxidants and myocyte injury marker enzymes, inhibited lipid peroxidation, and showed recovery of hemodynamic and ventricular functions. Licorice treatment also reduced myonecrosis, edema, and infiltration of inflammatory cells and showed preservation of subcellular and ultrastructural components. Our results demonstrate that licorice exerts cardioprotection by reducing oxidative stress, augmenting endogenous antioxidants, and restoring functional parameters as well as maintaining structural integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreesh Kumar Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Charu Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Jagriti Bhatia
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Santosh Kumari
- Division of Plant Physiology, Indian Agriculture Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Dharamvir Singh Arya
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Mondal NK, Sorensen E, Hiivala N, Feller E, Griffith B, Wu ZJ. Oxidative stress, DNA damage and repair in heart failure patients after implantation of continuous flow left ventricular assist devices. Int J Med Sci 2013; 10:883-93. [PMID: 23781134 PMCID: PMC3675502 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.6219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the status of oxidative stress and DNA damage repair in circulating blood leukocytes of heart failure patients supported by continuous flow left ventricular assist devices (LVADs). MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten HF patients implanted with LVAD as bridge to transplant or destination therapy were enrolled in the study and 10 age and sex matched volunteers were recruited as the study control. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) in blood leukocytes and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in erythrocytes were measured by flow cytometry/immunofluorescence microscopy and spectrophotometry, respectively. ELISA was used to measure oxidized low density lipoproteins (oxLDL) in plasma. Markers of DNA damage (γ-H2AX) and repairs (Mre11, DNA ligase IV, Ku70, and Ku80) were quantified in blood lymphocytes by immunocytochemistry. RESULTS Levels of ROS and oxLDL were significantly higher in HF patients with LVAD than baseline as well as the control group; moreover, SOD levels were decreased with increasing post-operative periods. All the changes indicated enhanced oxidative stress among LVAD recipients. Significantly higher γ-H2AX foci in lymphocytes confirmed DNA double strand breaks in LVAD recipients. γ-H2AX foci numbers in lymphocytes were positively correlated with the ROS and oxLDL and negatively with SOD levels (p<0.0001). Expressions of DNA ligase IV, Ku70 and Ku80 proteins were highest after one week and Mre11 protein after 3 months of LVAD transplantation; indicated abnormal DNA repair. CONCLUSIONS The study, for the first time shows that, continuous flow LVAD implanted HF patients not only exhibit elevated oxidative stress and DNA damage in blood leukocytes but also have abnormalities in DNA repair pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandan Kumar Mondal
- Department of Surgery, Artificial Organ Lab, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
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Kinetics of the autoxidation of adrenaline and [copper(II)(adrenaline)]2+ in alkaline aqueous and micellar media. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-012-9675-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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31
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Li H, Xie YH, Yang Q, Wang SW, Zhang BL, Wang JB, Cao W, Bi LL, Sun JY, Miao S, Hu J, Zhou XX, Qiu PC. Cardioprotective effect of paeonol and danshensu combination on isoproterenol-induced myocardial injury in rats. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48872. [PMID: 23139821 PMCID: PMC3490947 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Traditional Chinese medicinal herbs Cortex Moutan and Radix Salviae Milthiorrhizaeare are prescribed together for their putative cardioprotective effects in clinical practice. However, the rationale of the combined use remains unclear. The present study was designed to investigate the cardioprotective effects of paeonol and danshensu (representative active ingredient of Cortex Moutan and Radix Salviae Milthiorrhizae, respectively) on isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats and its underlying mechanisms. Methodology Paeonol (80 mg kg−1) and danshensu (160 mg kg−1) were administered orally to Sprague Dawley rats in individual or in combination for 21 days. At the end of this period, rats were administered isoproterenol (85 mg kg−1) subcutaneously to induce myocardial injury. After induction, rats were anaesthetized with pentobarbital sodium (35 mg kg−1) to record electrocardiogram, then sacrificed and biochemical assays of the heart tissues were performed. Principal Findings Induction of rats with isoproterenol resulted in a marked (P<0.001) elevation in ST-segment, infarct size, level of serum marker enzymes (CK-MB, LDH, AST and ALT), cTnI, TBARS, protein expression of Bax and Caspase-3 and a significant decrease in the activities of endogenous antioxidants (SOD, CAT, GPx, GR, and GST) and protein expression of Bcl-2. Pretreatment with paeonol and danshensu combination showed a significant (P<0.001) decrease in ST-segment elevation, infarct size, cTnI, TBARS, protein expression of Bax and Caspase-3 and a significant increase in the activities of endogenous antioxidants and protein expression of Bcl-2 and Nrf2 when compared with individual treated groups. Conclusions/Significance This study demonstrates the cardioprotective effect of paeonol and danshensu combination on isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats. The mechanism might be associated with the enhancement of antioxidant defense system through activating of Nrf2 signaling and anti-apoptosis through regulating Bax, Bcl-2 and Caspase-3. It could provide experimental evidence to support the rationality of combinatorial use of traditional Chinese medicine in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Li
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Hua Xie
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Yang
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Wang Wang
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (SWW); (BLZ)
| | - Bang-Le Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (SWW); (BLZ)
| | - Jian-Bo Wang
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Cao
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Lin Bi
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Yuan Sun
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Miao
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Hu
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan-Xuan Zhou
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng-Cheng Qiu
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
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Nandave M, Mohanty I, Nag TC, Ojha SK, Mittal R, Kumari S, Arya DS. Cardioprotective response to chronic administration of vitamin E in isoproterenol induced myocardial necrosis: Hemodynamic, biochemical and ultrastructural studies. Indian J Clin Biochem 2012; 22:22-8. [PMID: 23105647 DOI: 10.1007/bf02912876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the cardioprotective potential of vitamin-E by studying its effect on hemodynamic parameters, lipid peroxidation, myocyte injury marker and ultrastructural changes in model of isoproterenol-induced myocardial necrosis in rats. Wistar albino male rats (150-200 g) were randomly divided into saline, ISP control, and vit E groups. Vitamin E group was administered vitamin E at a dose of 100mg/kg/day while saline and ISP control groups received saline orally for one month. On 29(th) and 30(th) day, ISP (85 mg/kg, sc) was administered at an interval of 24 h to vit E and ISP control rats. On 31(st) day, rats of all groups were anesthetized and hemodynamic parameters were recorded. At the end of experimentation, animals were sacrificed; hearts were excised and processed for biochemical and ultrastructural studies. ISP administration produced marked cardiac necrosis as evidenced by significant decrease in my ocardial creatine kinase-MB as well as increase in malonaldialdehyde levels. ISP-induced myocardial necrosis resulted in myocardial dysfunction as evidenced by significant depression in heart rate and mean arterial pressure in the ISP control group as compared to saline control. Salient ultrastructural changes including extensive loss of myofibrils, muscle necrosis, loss of mitochondria, and formation of several intracytoplasmic vacuoles and lipid droplets further confirmed the ISP-induced myocardial damage. However, subsequent to ISP challenge, vit E treatment significantly preserved the myocardium by restoring myocardial CK-MB activity, inhibiting the ISP-induced lipid peroxidation and ultrastructural changes. Additionally, pre-and co-treatment of vit E prevented the deleterious ultrastructural changes caused by ISP. These beneficial effects of chronic vit E treatment also translated into significant restoration of the altered hemodynamic parameters. The present study clearly demonstrated the cardioprotective potential of vit E at dose of 100 mg/kg in ISP-induced model of myocardial necrosis in rats. The significant restoration of altered hemodynamic parameters, myocardial CK-MB activity, prevention of ISP-induced rise in lipid peroxidation and ultrastructural changes may confirm its cardioprotective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Nandave
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, 110029 New Delhi, India
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Jun M, Venkataraman V, Razavian M, Cooper B, Zoungas S, Ninomiya T, Webster AC, Perkovic V. Antioxidants for chronic kidney disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012; 10:CD008176. [PMID: 23076940 PMCID: PMC8941641 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd008176.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant risk factor for premature cardiovascular disease and death. Increased oxidative stress in people with CKD has been implicated as a potential causative factor for some cardiovascular diseases. Antioxidant therapy may reduce cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in people with CKD. OBJECTIVES To examine the benefits and harms of antioxidant therapy on mortality and cardiovascular events in people with CKD stages 3 to 5; dialysis, and kidney transplantation patients. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Renal Group's specialised register (July 2011), CENTRAL (Issue 6, 2011), MEDLINE (from 1966) and EMBASE (from 1980). SELECTION CRITERIA We included all randomised controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the use of antioxidants for people with CKD, or subsets of RCTs reporting outcomes for participants with CKD. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Titles and abstracts were screened independently by two authors who also performed data extraction using standardised forms. Results were pooled using the random effects model and expressed as either risk ratios (RR) or mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). MAIN RESULTS We identified 10 studies (1979 participants) that assessed antioxidant therapy in haemodialysis patients (two studies); kidney transplant recipients (four studies); dialysis and non-dialysis CKD patients (one study); and patients requiring surgery (one study). Two additional studies reported the effect of an oral antioxidant inflammation modulator in patients with CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 20 to 45 mL/min/1.73 m²), and post-hoc findings from a subgroup of people with mild-to-moderate renal insufficiency (serum creatinine ≥125 μmol/L) respectively. Interventions included different doses of vitamin E (two studies); multiple antioxidant therapy (three studies); co-enzyme Q (one study); acetylcysteine (one study); bardoxolone methyl (one study); and human recombinant superoxide dismutase (two studies).Compared with placebo, antioxidant therapy showed no clear overall effect on cardiovascular mortality (RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.70 to 1.27; P = 0.71); all-cause mortality (RR 0.93, 95% CI 0.76 to 1.14; P = 0.48); cardiovascular disease (RR 0.78, 95% CI 0.52 to 1.18; P = 0.24); coronary heart disease (RR 0.71, 95% CI 0.42 to 1.23; P = 0.22); cerebrovascular disease (RR 0.91, 95% CI 0.63 to 1.32; P = 0.63); or peripheral vascular disease (RR 0.54, 95% CI 0.26 to 1.12; P = 0.10). Subgroup analyses found no evidence of significant heterogeneity based on proportions of males (P = 0.99) or diabetes (P = 0.87) for cardiovascular disease. There was significant heterogeneity for cardiovascular disease when studies were analysed by CKD stage (P = 0.003). Significant benefit was conferred by antioxidant therapy for cardiovascular disease prevention in dialysis patients (RR 0.57, 95% CI 0.41 to 0.80; P = 0.001), although no effect was observed in CKD patients (RR 1.06, 95% CI 0.84 to 1.32; P = 0.63).Antioxidant therapy was found to significantly reduce development of end-stage of kidney disease (ESKD) (RR 0.50, 95% CI 0.25 to 1.00; P = 0.05); lowered serum creatinine levels (MD 1.10 mg/dL, 95% CI 0.39 to 1.81; P = 0.003); and improved creatinine clearance (MD 14.53 mL/min, 95% CI 1.20 to 27.86; P = 0.03). Serious adverse events were not significantly increased by antioxidants (RR 2.26, 95% CI 0.74 to 6.95; P = 0.15).Risk of bias was assessed for all studies. Studies that were classified as unclear for random sequence generation or allocation concealment reported significant benefits from antioxidant therapy (RR 0.57, 95% CI 0.41 to 0.80; P = 0.001) compared with studies at low risk of bias (RR 1.06, 95% CI 0.84 to 1.32; P = 0.63). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Although antioxidant therapy does not reduce the risk of cardiovascular and all-cause death or major cardiovascular events in people with CKD, it is possible that some benefit may be present, particularly in those on dialysis. However, the small size and generally suboptimal quality of the included studies highlighted the need for sufficiently powered studies to confirm this possibility. Current evidence suggests that antioxidant therapy in predialysis CKD patients may prevent progression to ESKD; this finding was however based on a very small number of events. Further studies with longer follow-up are needed for confirmation. Appropriately powered studies are needed to reliably assess the effects of antioxidant therapy in people with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jun
- The George Institute for Global HealthRenal and Metabolic DivisionLevel 10, King George V BuildingRoyal Prince Alfred HospitalCamperdownNSWAustralia2050
| | - Vinod Venkataraman
- Royal North Shore HospitalRenal MedicinePacific HighwaySt LeonardsNSWAustralia2065
| | - Mona Razavian
- The George Institute for Global HealthRenal and Metabolic DivisionLevel 10, King George V BuildingRoyal Prince Alfred HospitalCamperdownNSWAustralia2050
| | - Bruce Cooper
- Northern Clinical School, University of SydneyDepartment of Renal MedicineRoyal North Shore HospitalWestbourne StreetSt LeonardsNSWAustralia2065
| | - Sophia Zoungas
- Monash UniversitySchool of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash Applied Research StreamClaytonVICAustralia
| | - Toshiharu Ninomiya
- The George Institute for Global HealthRenal and Metabolic DivisionLevel 10, King George V BuildingRoyal Prince Alfred HospitalCamperdownNSWAustralia2050
| | - Angela C Webster
- The University of SydneySydney School of Public HealthEdward Ford Building A27SydneyNSWAustralia2006
- The University of Sydney at WestmeadCentre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Millennium InstituteWestmeadNSWAustralia2145
- The Children's Hospital at WestmeadCochrane Renal Group, Centre for Kidney ResearchWestmeadNSWAustralia2145
| | - Vlado Perkovic
- The George Institute for Global HealthRenal and Metabolic DivisionLevel 10, King George V BuildingRoyal Prince Alfred HospitalCamperdownNSWAustralia2050
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Yusuf J, Khan MU, Cheema Y, Bhattacharya SK, Weber KT. Disturbances in calcium metabolism and cardiomyocyte necrosis: the role of calcitropic hormones. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2012; 55:77-86. [PMID: 22824113 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2012.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A synchronized dyshomeostasis of extra- and intracellular Ca(2+), expressed as plasma ionized hypocalcemia and excessive intracellular Ca(2+) accumulation, respectively, represents a common pathophysiologic scenario that accompanies several diverse disorders. These include low-renin and salt-sensitive hypertension, primary aldosteronism and hyperparathyroidism, congestive heart failure, acute and chronic hyperadrenergic stressor states, high dietary Na(+), and low dietary Ca(2+) with hypovitaminosis D. Homeostatic responses are invoked to restore normal extracellular [Ca(2+)](o), including increased plasma levels of parathyroid hormone and 1,25(OH)(2)D(3). However, in cardiomyocytes these calcitropic hormones concurrently promote cytosolic free [Ca(2+)](i) and mitochondrial [Ca(2+)](m) overloading. The latter sets into motion organellar-based oxidative stress, in which the rate of reactive oxygen species generation overwhelms their detoxification by endogenous antioxidant defenses, including those related to intrinsically coupled increments in intracellular Zn(2+). In turn, the opening potential of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore increases, allowing for osmotic swelling and ensuing organellar degeneration. Collectively, these pathophysiologic events represent the major components to a mitochondriocentric signal-transducer-effector pathway to cardiomyocyte necrosis. From necrotic cells, there follows a spillage of intracellular contents, including troponins, and a subsequent wound healing response with reparative fibrosis or scarring. Taken together, the loss of terminally differentiated cardiomyocytes from this postmitotic organ and the ensuing replacement fibrosis each contribute to the adverse structural remodeling of myocardium and progressive nature of heart failure. In conclusion, hormone-induced ionized hypocalcemia and intracellular Ca(2+) overloading comprise a pathophysiologic cascade common to diverse disorders and that initiates a mitochondriocentric pathway to nonischemic cardiomyocyte necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawwad Yusuf
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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Liu H, Zhang L, Lu S. Evaluation of antioxidant and immunity activities of quercetin in isoproterenol-treated rats. Molecules 2012; 17:4281-91. [PMID: 22491677 PMCID: PMC6268199 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17044281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of quercetin on myocardial oxidative stress and immunity function impairment induced by isoproterenol in rats. To induce myocardial ischemia, Wistar rats were subcutaneously injected with isoproterenol (70 mg/kg). Blood immunity index, cardiac marker enzymes and antioxidative parameters in hearts were measured. It was found that the levels of blood AST, creatine kinase, NO, NOS, IL-10, IL-1, IL-8 and lactate dehydrogenase in isoproterenol-treated rats were significantly increased. The rats administrated with isoproterenol showed the declines in myocardial antioxidant enzymes activities. Administration of quercetin significantly ameliorated myocardial oxidative injury and immunity function impairment induced by isoproterenol. The results indicated that quercetin possesses activity against isoproterenol-induced myocardial oxidative injury and immunity function impairment, and that the mechanism of pharmacological action was related at least in part to the antioxidant activity of quercetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, The People’s Hospital of Long Xian, Long Xian 721200, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shaoping Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710038, Shaanxi, China
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +86-29-8477-7723; Fax: +86-29-8477-7723
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Larson BE, Stockwell DW, Boas S, Andrews T, Wellman GC, Lockette W, Freeman K. Cardiac reactive oxygen species after traumatic brain injury. J Surg Res 2011; 173:e73-81. [PMID: 22172132 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2011.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2011] [Revised: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular complications after traumatic brain injury (TBI) contribute to morbidity and mortality and may provide a target for therapy. We examined blood pressure and left ventricle contractility after TBI, and tested the hypothesis that β-adrenergic blockade would decrease oxidative stress after TBI. MATERIAL AND METHODS Rodents received fluid-percussion injury or sham surgery, confirmed with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histopathology. We followed recovery with sensorimotor coordination testing and blood pressure measurements. We assessed left ventricular ejection fraction using ECG-gated cardiac MRI and measured myocardial reactive oxygen species (ROS) with dihydroethidium. We randomized additional TBI and sham animals to postoperative treatment with propranolol or control, for measurement of ROS. RESULTS Blood pressure and cardiac contractility were elevated 48 h after TBI. Myocardial tissue sections showed increased ROS. Treatment with propranolol diminished ROS levels following TBI. CONCLUSIONS TBI is associated with increased cardiac contractility and myocardial ROS; decreased myocardial ROS after β-blockade suggests that sympathetic stimulation is a mechanism of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett E Larson
- Department of Surgery, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, USA
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Beta-Blockers and Oxidative Stress in Patients with Heart Failure. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2011; 4:1088-100. [PMID: 26791643 PMCID: PMC4058661 DOI: 10.3390/ph4081088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of heart failure. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced in the failing myocardium, and ROS cause hypertrophy, apoptosis/cell death and intracellular Ca2+ overload in cardiac myocytes. ROS also cause damage to lipid cell membranes in the process of lipid peroxidation. In this process, several aldehydes, including 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), are generated and the amount of HNE is increased in the human failing myocardium. HNE exacerbates the formation of ROS, especially H2O2 and ·OH, in cardiomyocytes and subsequently ROS cause intracellular Ca2+ overload. Treatment with beta-blockers such as metoprolol, carvedilol and bisoprolol reduces the levels of oxidative stress, together with amelioration of heart failure. This reduction could be caused by several possible mechanisms. First, the beta-blocking effect is important, because catecholamines such as isoproterenol and norepinephrine induce oxidative stress in the myocardium. Second, anti-ischemic effects and negative chronotropic effects are also important. Furthermore, direct antioxidative effects of carvedilol contribute to the reduction of oxidative stress. Carvedilol inhibited HNE-induced intracellular Ca2+ overload. Beta-blocker therapy is a useful antioxidative therapy in patients with heart failure.
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Cardioprotective activity of flax lignan concentrate extracted from seeds of Linum usitatissimum in isoprenalin induced myocardial necrosis in rats. Interdiscip Toxicol 2011; 4:90-7. [PMID: 21753905 PMCID: PMC3131680 DOI: 10.2478/v10102-011-0016-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Revised: 05/04/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the study was to evaluate the cardioprotective activity of flax lignan concentrate (FLC) in isoprenalin (ISO) induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Male Wistar rats (200–230 g) were divided into three groups. Group I: control, Group II: isoprenalin, Group III: FLC (500 mg/kg, p.o.) orally for 8 days and in group II and III isoprenalin 5.25 mg/kg, s.c. on day 9 and 8.5 mg/kg on day 10. On day 10 estimation of marker enzymes in serum and haemodynamic parameters were recorded. Animals were sacrificed, histology of heart was performed. Isoprenalin showed cardiotoxicity, manifested by increased levels of marker enzymes and increased heart rate. FLC treatment reversed these biochemical changes significantly compared with ISO group. The cardiotoxic effect of isoprenalin was less in FLC pretreated animals, which was confirmed in histopathological alterations. Haemodynamic, biochemical alteration and histopathological results suggest a cardioprotective protective effect of FLC in isoprenalin induced cardiotoxicity.
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Hill MF. Emerging role for antioxidant therapy in protection against diabetic cardiac complications: experimental and clinical evidence for utilization of classic and new antioxidants. Curr Cardiol Rev 2011; 4:259-68. [PMID: 20066133 PMCID: PMC2801857 DOI: 10.2174/157340308786349453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2008] [Revised: 06/16/2008] [Accepted: 06/16/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) markedly potentiates the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality among individuals with diabetes as compared to the non-diabetic population. After myocardial infarction (MI), DM patients have a higher incidence of death than do non-diabetics. The excess mortality and poor prognosis of these patients results primarily from the development of recurrent MI and heart failure (HF). Although several lines of evidence support a role for increased oxidative stress in a range of cardiovascular diseases, clinical trials examining the therapeutic efficacy of antioxidants have yielded conflicting results. The reasons for these incongruous results is multifactorial. An underlying theme has been lack of patient inclusion based on elevated indices of oxidative stress which could have diluted the population susceptible to benefit in the clinical trials. Laboratory evidence has accumulated indicating that oxidative stress is dramatically accentuated in cardiac abnormalities inherent in DM. In this review, we provide the emergence of experimental and clinical evidence supporting antioxidant supplementation as a cardioprotective intervention in the setting of DM. Specifically, focus will be directed on preclinical animal studies and human clinical trials that have tested the effect of antioxidant supplements on MI and HF events in the presence of DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Hill
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Hašková P, Kovaříková P, Koubková L, Vávrová A, Macková E, Simůnek T. Iron chelation with salicylaldehyde isonicotinoyl hydrazone protects against catecholamine autoxidation and cardiotoxicity. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 50:537-49. [PMID: 21147217 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2010] [Revised: 11/17/2010] [Accepted: 12/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Elevated catecholamine levels are known to induce damage of the cardiac tissue. This catecholamine cardiotoxicity may stem from their ability to undergo oxidative conversion to aminochromes and concomitant production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which damage cardiomyocytes via the iron-catalyzed Fenton-type reaction. This suggests the possibility of cardioprotection by iron chelation. Our in vitro experiments have demonstrated a spontaneous decrease in the concentration of the catecholamines epinephrine and isoprenaline during their 24-h preincubation in buffered solution as well as their gradual conversion to oxidation products. These changes were significantly augmented by addition of iron ions and reduced by the iron-chelating agent salicylaldehyde isonicotinoyl hydrazone (SIH). Oxidized catecholamines were shown to form complexes with iron that had significant redox activity, which could be suppressed by SIH. Experiments using the H9c2 cardiomyoblast cell line revealed higher cytotoxicity of oxidized catecholamines than of the parent compounds, apparently through the induction of caspase-independent cell death, whereas co-incubation of cells with SIH was able to significantly preserve cell viability. A significant increase in intracellular ROS formation was observed after the incubation of cells with catecholamine oxidation products; this could be significantly reduced by SIH. In contrast, parent catecholamines did not increase, but rather decreased, cellular ROS production. Hence, our results demonstrate an important role for redox-active iron in catecholamine autoxidation and subsequent toxicity. The iron chelator SIH has shown considerable potential to protect cardiac cells by both inhibition of deleterious catecholamine oxidation to reactive intermediates and prevention of ROS-mediated cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlína Hašková
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University in Prague, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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Gayathri V, Ananthi S, Chandronitha C, Ramakrishnan G, Sundaram RL, Vasanthi HR, Vasanthi HR. Cardioprotective Effect of Nerium oleander Flower Against Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Oxidative Stress in Experimental Rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2010; 16:96-104. [DOI: 10.1177/1074248410381759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Nerium oleander Linn (NOL) an evergreen shrub belonging to the Apocynaceae family has been reported to have a wide spectrum of bioactivities. In in vitro study, the free radical scavenging potential of the hydroethanolic extract of N oleander Linn (ENO) flower and its fractions (glycosidic and nonglycosidic) were studied using 2, 2'-azino-di [3-ethylbenzthiazoline sulphonate] (ABTS*+ ) and 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH*) scavenging assay. ENO exhibited better radical scavenging activities than its fractions. Furthermore, the cardioprotective role of ENO (10, 30, 100 mg/kg, per oral [po]) was tested against isoproterenol-induced myocardial toxicity (ISO, 120 mg/kg per day, subcutaneously [sc], for 2 days at 48 hours interval) in experimental rats when compared to propranolol (5 mg/kg, po) which was the standard. Pretreatment with ENO (10, 30, and 100 mg/kg) and propranolol for 2 weeks followed by ISO challenge in rats prevented the elevation of marker enzymes such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT), creatine kinase (CK-MB and creatine phosphokinase [CPK]), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in plasma. In addition, pretreatment with ENO and propranolol significantly attenuated the lipid peroxidation by maintaining the levels of enzymatic (superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) and nonenzymatic antioxidants (reduced glutathione and nitrite), which was also confirmed histologically. Taken together, the current study indicates that the hydroalcoholic extract of N oleander Linn flowers aid in cardioprotection probably by improving the antioxidant defense system during experimental myocardial necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veeraraghavan Gayathri
- Herbal and Indian Medicine Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai, India
| | - Subhash Ananthi
- Herbal and Indian Medicine Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai, India
| | - Chandranayagam Chandronitha
- Herbal and Indian Medicine Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai, India
| | - Ganapathy Ramakrishnan
- Herbal and Indian Medicine Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai, India
| | - Raman Lakshmi Sundaram
- Herbal and Indian Medicine Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai, India
| | - Hannah R. Vasanthi
- Herbal and Indian Medicine Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai, India,
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Parveen A, Babbar R, Agarwal S, Kotwani A, Fahim M. Mechanistic Clues in the Cardioprotective Effect of Terminalia Arjuna Bark Extract in Isoproterenol-Induced Chronic Heart Failure in Rats. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2010; 11:48-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s12012-010-9099-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Studies in mammals have led to the suggestion that hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia are important factors in aging. Insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) signaling molecules that have been linked to longevity include daf-2 and InR and their homologues in mammals, and inactivation of the corresponding genes increases life span in nematodes, fruit flies and mice. It is possible that the life-prolonging effect of caloric restriction is due to decreasing IGF-1 levels. Evidence has emerged that antidiabetic drugs are promising candidates for both life span extension and prevention of cancer. Thus, antidiabetic drugs postpone spontaneous carcinogenesis in mice and rats, as well as chemical and radiation carcinogenesis in mice, rats and hamsters. Furthermore metformin seems to decrease cancer risk in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir N Anisimov
- Department of Carcinogenesis and Oncogerontology, N.N. Petrov Research Institute of Oncology, St. Petersburg 197758, Russia.
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Khaper N, Bryan S, Dhingra S, Singal R, Bajaj A, Pathak CM, Singal PK. Targeting the vicious inflammation-oxidative stress cycle for the management of heart failure. Antioxid Redox Signal 2010; 13:1033-49. [PMID: 20380580 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2009.2930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation are each implicated independently in the development and progression of heart failure. Their interaction, however, is also evident throughout the process from initial injury to cardiac remodeling and failure. In the failing heart, the linkage between excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the cytokine elaboration is manifested in shared elements and cross-promotion within downstream signaling pathways. In spite of this, the failure of anticytokine immunotherapy and antioxidant therapy, which had previously shown promise, suggests that a more complete perspective of ROS-cytokine interaction is required. The present review focuses on two of the major cytokines that are demonstrably connected to oxidative stress--the pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and the anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 (IL-10)--and their interactions in cardiac remodeling and failure. It is proposed that an optimal balance between TNF-alpha and IL-10 may be of crucial importance in mitigating both inflammation and oxidative stress processes leading to heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Khaper
- Medical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
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Yap S, Qin C, Woodman OL. Effects of resveratrol and flavonols on cardiovascular function: Physiological mechanisms. Biofactors 2010; 36:350-9. [PMID: 20803524 DOI: 10.1002/biof.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol and flavonols are commonly found together in fruits and vegetables and, therefore, consumed in the diet. These two polyphenols share both vasorelaxant and antioxidant activity and may act together to improve cardiovascular function. This review examines the mechanisms by which resveratrol and flavonols influence cardiovascular function and perhaps offer a new approach for the development of therapeutic agents for the prevention and/or treatment of coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwan Yap
- University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Li YC, Ge LS, Yang PL, Tang JF, Lin JF, Chen P, Guan XQ. Carvedilol treatment ameliorates acute coxsackievirus B3-induced myocarditis associated with oxidative stress reduction. Eur J Pharmacol 2010; 640:112-6. [PMID: 20457150 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2009] [Revised: 04/04/2010] [Accepted: 04/24/2010] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of acute myocarditis. The imbalance between the occurrence of reactive oxygen species and the cellular antioxidant defense mechanism plays a key role in myocardial injury of viral myocarditis. Carvedilol, a nonselective beta-adrenoceptor antagonist with additional alpha1-adrenergic blocking and antioxidant properties, has been shown to be cardioprotective in experimental myocarditis. However, the expression of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), the most reliable marker of lipid peroxidation, has not been studied, and the antioxidative effects of carvedilol have not been investigated in the setting of acute viral myocarditis. This study was therefore designed to determine whether levels of lipid peroxides are elevated in the myocardium and whether carvedilol reduces the lipid peroxidation level and increases antioxidant enzyme activities. In a coxsackievirus B3 murine myocarditis model (Balb/c), effects of carvedilol and metoprolol on 14-day survival rate, myocardial histopathological changes, cardiac function, the expression of 4-HNE, virus titers, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidases (GSH-Px) activities were studied. Lipid peroxidations including 4-HNE and MDA, were elevated in murine coxsackievirus-induced acute viral myocarditis. Carvedilol, but not metoprolol, improved survival, reduced lipid peroxidations including 4-HNE and MDA, and increased antioxidant enzyme activities including SOD and GSH-Px with amelioration of acute viral myocarditis. These results show that carvedilol but not metoprolol exerts some of its beneficial effects by inhibiting peroxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Chun Li
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou 325000, China.
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Karthick M, Stanely Mainzen Prince P. Preventive effect of rutin, a bioflavonoid, on lipid peroxides and antioxidants in isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 58:701-7. [PMID: 16640840 DOI: 10.1211/jpp.58.5.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The consumption of diets rich in plant foods is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the preventive role of rutin on lipid peroxides and antioxidants in normal and isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats. Subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol (150 mg kg−1) to male Wistar rats at an interval of 24 h for two days showed a significant increase in the activity of serum cardiac marker enzymes (creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase) and a significant decrease in the activity of these enzymes in the heart. Lipid peroxidative products (thiobarbituricacid reactive substances and lipid hydroperoxides) were significantly increased and enzymic (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase) and non-enzymic (reduced glutathione and vitamin C) antioxidants showed a significant decrease in isoproterenol-treated rats. Pretreatment with rutin (40 or 80 mg kg−1) to isoproterenol-treated rats orally for a period of 42 days daily caused a significant effect. Administration of rutin to normal rats did not have any significant effect on any of the parameters studied. The results of our study show that rutin possesses antioxidant activity in isoproterenol-induced experimental myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Karthick
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar-608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
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Perkovic V, Venkataraman V, Cooper B, Zoungas S, Webster AC. Antioxidants for chronic kidney disease. THE COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd008176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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50
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Sethi R, Rehsia NS, Jindal K, Dhalla KS, Elimban V, Dhalla NS. Antiarrhythmic Effects of Some Antioxidant Vitamins in Rats Injected with Epinephrine. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2009; 9:177-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s12012-009-9051-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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