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Broatch JR, O'Riordan SF, Keske MA, Betik AC, Bishop DJ, Halson SL, Parker L. Reduced post-exercise muscle microvascular perfusion with compression is offset by increased muscle oxygen extraction: Assessment by contrast-enhanced ultrasound. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21499. [PMID: 33811697 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002205rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The microvasculature is important for both health and exercise tolerance in a range of populations. However, methodological limitations have meant changes in microvascular blood flow are rarely assessed in humans during interventions designed to affect skeletal muscle blood flow such as the wearing of compression garments. The aim of this study is, for the first time, to use contrast-enhanced ultrasound to directly measure the effects of compression on muscle microvascular blood flow alongside measures of femoral artery blood flow and muscle oxygenation following intense exercise in healthy adults. It was hypothesized that both muscle microvascular and femoral artery blood flows would be augmented with compression garments as compared with a control condition. Ten recreationally active participants completed two repeated-sprint exercise sessions, with and without lower-limb compression tights. Muscle microvascular blood flow, femoral arterial blood flow (2D and Doppler ultrasound), muscle oxygenation (near-infrared spectroscopy), cycling performance, and venous blood samples were measured/taken throughout exercise and the 1-hour post-exercise recovery period. Compared with control, compression reduced muscle microvascular blood volume and attenuated the exercise-induced increase in microvascular velocity and flow immediately after exercise and 1 hour post-exercise. Compression increased femoral artery diameter and augmented the exercise-induced increase in femoral arterial blood flow during exercise. Markers of blood oxygen extraction in muscle were increased with compression during and after exercise. Compression had no effect on blood lactate, glucose, or exercise performance. We provide new evidence that lower-limb compression attenuates the exercise-induced increase in skeletal muscle microvascular blood flow following exercise, despite a divergent increase in femoral artery blood flow. Decreased muscle microvascular perfusion is offset by increased muscle oxygen extraction, a potential mechanism allowing for the maintenance of exercise performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Broatch
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Australia Institute of Sport, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Shane F O'Riordan
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Australia Institute of Sport, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Michelle A Keske
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew C Betik
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - David J Bishop
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Shona L Halson
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lewan Parker
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
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Isbell DC, Epstein FH, Zhong X, DiMaria JM, Berr SS, Meyer CH, Rogers WJ, Harthun NL, Hagspiel KD, Weltman A, Kramer CM. Calf muscle perfusion at peak exercise in peripheral arterial disease: measurement by first-pass contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging 2007; 25:1013-20. [PMID: 17410566 PMCID: PMC2930771 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.20899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) technique to measure skeletal muscle perfusion in peripheral arterial disease (PAD). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 11 patients (age = 61 +/- 11 years) with mild to moderate symptomatic PAD (ankle-brachial index [ABI] = 0.75 +/- 0.08) and 22 normals were studied using an MR-compatible ergometer. PAD and normal(max) (Nl(max); N = 11) exercised to exhaustion. Nl(low) (N = 11) exercised to the same workload achieved by PAD. At peak exercise, 0.1 mm/kg of gadolinium diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) was infused at 3-4 cm(3)/second followed by a saline flush at the same rate. A dual-contrast gradient echo (GRE) sequence enabled simultaneous acquisition of muscle perfusion and arterial input function (AIF). The perfusion index (PI) was defined as the slope of the time-intensity curve (TIC) in muscle divided by the arterial TIC slope. RESULTS Median workload was 120 Joules in PAD, 210 Joules in Nl(low), and 698 Joules in Nl(max) (P < 0.001 vs. Nl(low) and PAD). Median PI was 0.29 in PAD (25th and 75th percentiles [%] = 0.20, 0.40), 0.48 in Nl(low) (25th, 75th % = 0.36, 0.62; P < 0.02 vs. PAD), and 0.69 in Nl(max) (25th, 75th % = 0.5, 0.77; P < 0.001 vs. PAD). Area under the ROC-curve for PI differentiating patients from Nl(max) was 0.95 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.77-0.99). CONCLUSION Peak-exercise measurement of lower limb perfusion with dual-contrast, first-pass MR distinguishes PAD from normals. This method may be useful in the study of novel therapies for PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C. Isbell
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Frederick H. Epstein
- Department of Radiology, University of Virginia Health System, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia Health System, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Joseph M. DiMaria
- Department of Radiology, University of Virginia Health System, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Stuart S. Berr
- Department of Radiology, University of Virginia Health System, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia Health System, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Craig H. Meyer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia Health System, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Walter J. Rogers
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Virginia Health System, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Nancy L. Harthun
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Klaus D. Hagspiel
- Department of Radiology, University of Virginia Health System, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Arthur Weltman
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Christopher M. Kramer
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Virginia Health System, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Address reprint requests to: C.M.K., MD, University of Virginia Health System, Departments of Medicine and Radiology, Lee Street, Box 800170, Charlottesville, VA 22908.
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Frank LR, Wong EC, Haseler LJ, Buxton RB. Dynamic imaging of perfusion in human skeletal muscle during exercise with arterial spin labeling. Magn Reson Med 1999; 42:258-67. [PMID: 10440950 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1522-2594(199908)42:2<258::aid-mrm7>3.0.co;2-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
MR images acquired by using an arterial spin-labeling technique showed spatial and temporal variations of perfusion in the skeletal muscle of exercising humans. Perfusion measurements made during plantar flexion exercise in normal volunteers were consistent with those obtained by traditional techniques reported in the literature. Spatial heterogeneity of perfusion values clearly delineated the various muscle groups within the lower leg. These results are interpreted in terms of a quantitative model for the perfusion signal in muscle. This method can provide a useful tool in the study of muscle physiology. Magn Reson Med 42:258-267, 1999. Published 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R Frank
- Department of Radiology, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, California, USA.
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