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Bernacchi A, Semenzato G, di Mascolo M, Amata S, Bechini A, Berti F, Calonico C, Catania V, Emiliani G, Esposito A, Greco C, Mocali S, Mucci N, Padula A, Piccionello AP, Nasanbat B, Davaakhuu G, Bazarragchaa M, Riga F, Augugliaro C, Puglia AM, Zaccaroni M, Renato F. Antibacterial activity of Arthrobacter strains isolated from Great Gobi A Strictly Protected Area, Mongolia. AIMS Microbiol 2024; 10:161-186. [PMID: 38525036 PMCID: PMC10955175 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2024009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Desert soil hosts many microorganisms, whose activities are essential from an ecological viewpoint. Moreover, they are of great anthropic interest. The knowledge of extreme environments microbiomes may be beneficial for agriculture, technology, and human health. In this study, 11 Arthrobacter strains from topsoil samples collected from the Great Gobi A Strictly Protected Area in the Gobi Desert, were characterized by a combination of different techniques. The phylogenetic analysis, performed using their 16S rDNA sequences and the most similar Arthrobacter sequences found in databases, revealed that most of them were close to A. crystallopoietes, while others joined a sister group to the clade formed by A. humicola, A. pascens, and A. oryzae. The resistance of each strain to different antibiotics, heavy-metals, and NaCl was also tested as well as the inhibitory potential against human pathogens (i.e., Burkholderia ssp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus ssp.) via cross-streaking, to check the production of metabolites with antimicrobial activity. Data obtained revealed that all strains were resistant to heavy metals and were able to strongly interfere with the growth of many of the human pathogens tested. The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) profile of the 11 Arthrobacter strains was also analyzed. A total of 16 different metabolites were found, some of which were already known for having an inhibitory action against different Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Isolate MS-3A13, producing the highest quantity of VOCs, is the most efficient against Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc), K. pneumoniae, and coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS) strains. This work highlights the importance of understanding microbial populations' phenotypical characteristics and dynamics in extreme environments to uncover the antimicrobial potential of new species and strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Bernacchi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Semenzato
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Manuel di Mascolo
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Sara Amata
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies-STEBICEF, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed.17, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Angela Bechini
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, viale G.B. Morgagni, 48, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Fabiola Berti
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, viale G.B. Morgagni, 48, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Carmela Calonico
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, viale G.B. Morgagni, 48, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Valentina Catania
- Department of Earth and Sea Science (DiSTeM), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Blg. 16, Palermo, 90128, Italy
| | - Giovanni Emiliani
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP)—National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Antonia Esposito
- Council for Agricultural and Economics Research (CREA) – Agriculture and Environment, Via di Lanciola 12/A, Cascine del Riccio, 50125, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudia Greco
- Unit for Conservation Genetics (BIO-CGE), Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, via Ca' Fornacetta, 9, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Mocali
- Council for Agricultural and Economics Research (CREA) – Agriculture and Environment, Via di Lanciola 12/A, Cascine del Riccio, 50125, Florence, Italy
| | - Nadia Mucci
- Unit for Conservation Genetics (BIO-CGE), Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, via Ca' Fornacetta, 9, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Padula
- Unit for Conservation Genetics (BIO-CGE), Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, via Ca' Fornacetta, 9, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio Palumbo Piccionello
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies-STEBICEF, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed.17, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Battogtokh Nasanbat
- Institute of Biology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Peace Avenue-54B, Bayanzurkh District, Ulaanbaatar-13330, Mongolia
| | - Gantulga Davaakhuu
- Institute of Biology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Peace Avenue-54B, Bayanzurkh District, Ulaanbaatar-13330, Mongolia
| | | | - Francesco Riga
- Italian Institute for Envioronmental Protection and Research, via Vitalino Brancati, 48, 00144, Roma, Italy
| | - Claudio Augugliaro
- Wildlife Initiative, Bayangol, 6th Khoroo, Micro District 10, Ulaanbaatar, 210349, Mongolia
| | | | - Marco Zaccaroni
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Fani Renato
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy
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Kashani M, Engle MA, Kent DB, Gregston T, Cozzarelli IM, Mumford AC, Varonka MS, Harris CR, Akob DM. Illegal dumping of oil and gas wastewater alters arid soil microbial communities. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0149023. [PMID: 38294246 PMCID: PMC10880632 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01490-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The Permian Basin, underlying southeast New Mexico and west Texas, is one of the most productive oil and gas (OG) provinces in the United States. Oil and gas production yields large volumes of wastewater with complex chemistries, and the environmental health risks posed by these OG wastewaters on sensitive desert ecosystems are poorly understood. Starting in November 2017, 39 illegal dumps, as defined by federal and state regulations, of OG wastewater were identified in southeastern New Mexico, releasing ~600,000 L of fluid onto dryland soils. To evaluate the impacts of these releases, we analyzed changes in soil geochemistry and microbial community composition by comparing soils from within OG wastewater dump-affected samples to unaffected zones. We observed significant changes in soil geochemistry for all dump-affected compared with control samples, reflecting the residual salts and hydrocarbons from the OG-wastewater release (e.g., enriched in sodium, chloride, and bromide). Microbial community structure significantly (P < 0.01) differed between dump and control zones, with soils from dump areas having significantly (P < 0.01) lower alpha diversity and differences in phylogenetic composition. Dump-affected soil samples showed an increase in halophilic and halotolerant taxa, including members of the Marinobacteraceae, Halomonadaceae, and Halobacteroidaceae, suggesting that the high salinity of the dumped OG wastewater was exerting a strong selective pressure on microbial community structure. Taxa with high similarity to known hydrocarbon-degrading organisms were also detected in the dump-affected soil samples. Overall, this study demonstrates the potential for OG wastewater exposure to change the geochemistry and microbial community dynamics of arid soils.IMPORTANCEThe long-term environmental health impacts resulting from releases of oil and gas (OG) wastewater, typically brines with varying compositions of ions, hydrocarbons, and other constituents, are understudied. This is especially true for sensitive desert ecosystems, where soil microbes are key primary producers and drivers of nutrient cycling. We found that releases of OG wastewater can lead to shifts in microbial community composition and function toward salt- and hydrocarbon-tolerant taxa that are not typically found in desert soils, thus altering the impacted dryland soil ecosystem. Loss of key microbial taxa, such as those that catalyze organic carbon cycling, increase arid soil fertility, promote plant health, and affect soil moisture retention, could result in cascading effects across the sensitive desert ecosystem. By characterizing environmental changes due to releases of OG wastewater to soils overlying the Permian Basin, we gain further insights into how OG wastewater may alter dryland soil microbial functions and ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Kashani
- U.S. Geological Survey, Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center, Reston, Virginia, USA
| | - Mark A Engle
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Resource Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Douglas B Kent
- U.S. Geological Survey, Earth Systems Processes Division, Menlo Park, California, USA
| | | | - Isabelle M Cozzarelli
- U.S. Geological Survey, Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center, Reston, Virginia, USA
| | - Adam C Mumford
- U.S. Geological Survey, Maryland-Delaware-D.C. Water Science Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Matthew S Varonka
- U.S. Geological Survey, Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center, Reston, Virginia, USA
| | - Cassandra R Harris
- U.S. Geological Survey, Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center, Reston, Virginia, USA
| | - Denise M Akob
- U.S. Geological Survey, Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center, Reston, Virginia, USA
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Azorella Cushion Plants and Aridity are Important Drivers of Soil Microbial Communities in Andean Ecosystems. Ecosystems 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-021-00603-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Vásquez-Dean J, Maza F, Morel I, Pulgar R, González M. Microbial communities from arid environments on a global scale. A systematic review. Biol Res 2020; 53:29. [PMID: 32631429 PMCID: PMC7336661 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-020-00296-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Arid environments are defined by the lack of water availability, which is directly related to the mean annual precipitation (MAP), and high values of solar irradiation, which impacts the community composition of animals, plants, and the microbial structure of the soil. Recent advances in NGS technologies have expanded our ability to characterize microbiomes, allowing environmental microbiologists to explore the complete microbial structure. Intending to identify and describe the state-of-the-art of bacterial communities in arid soils at a global scale, and to address the effect that some environmental features may have on them, we performed a systematic review based on the PRISMA guideline. Using a combination of keywords, we identified a collection of 66 studies, including 327 sampled sites, reporting the arid soil bacterial community composition by 16S rDNA gene high-throughput sequencing. To identify factors that can modulate bacterial communities, we extracted the geographical, environmental, and physicochemical data. The results indicate that even though each sampled site was catalogued as arid, they show wide variability in altitude, mean annual temperature (MAT), soil pH and electric conductivity, within and between arid environments. We show that arid soils display a higher abundance of Actinobacteria and lower abundance of Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, and Planctomycetes, compared with non-arid soil microbiomes, revealing that microbial structure seems to be strongly modulated by MAP and MAT and not by pH in arid soils. We observed that environmental and physicochemical features were scarcely described among studies, hence, we propose a reporting guideline for further analysis, which will allow deepening the knowledge of the relationship between the microbiome and abiotic factors in arid soil. Finally, to understand the academic collaborations landscape, we developed an analysis of the author's network, corroborating a low degree of connectivity and collaborations in this research topic. Considering that it is crucial to understand how microbial processes develop and change in arid soils, our analysis emphasizes the need to increase collaborations between research groups worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javiera Vásquez-Dean
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Expresión Génica, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Maza
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Expresión Génica, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Genome Regulation (CGR), Santiago, Chile
| | - Isidora Morel
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Expresión Génica, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Pulgar
- Laboratorio de Genómica y Genética de Interacciones Biológicas (LG2IB), Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Scimetrica Lab, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio González
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Expresión Génica, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
- Center for Genome Regulation (CGR), Santiago, Chile.
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5
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Hawkins LK. Microfungi associated with the banner-tailed kangaroo rat, Dipodomys spectabilis. Mycologia 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00275514.1999.12061078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lauraine K. Hawkins
- The Pennsylvania State University, Mont Alto Campus, Mont Alto, Pennsylvania 17237
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6
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Cultured Microfungal Communities in Biological Soil Crusts and Bare Soils at the Tabernas Desert, Spain. SOIL SYSTEMS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/soilsystems3020036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We examined the variations in microfungal communities from different surface types (cyanobacterial crusts, lichen-dominated crusts, and noncrusted bare surface) at two different positions—north-oriented slope and sun-exposed plain in the Tabernas Desert, Spain. A total of 77 species from 46 genera was isolated using the soil dilution plate method. The studied mycobiota, similar to the majority of desert mycobiotas, was dominated by melanin-containing species. However, in the Tabernas crusts, unlike the studied crusts of the Negev Desert (Israel) and the Tengger Desert (China), melanized fungi with large multicellular spores were much less abundantly represented, while the thermotolerant group, Aspergillus spp., remarkably contributed to the communities’ structure. Density of microfungal isolates positively correlated with chlorophyll content indicating possible significant influence of organic matter content on fungal biomass. The variations in crust composition, biomass, and the position of habitats were accompanied by the variations in microfungal community structure, diversity level, and isolate densities, with the communities at the plain sun-exposed position being much less variable than the communities at the north-oriented position. The study shows that microclimatic and edaphic factors play an essential role in the development of crust and noncrust microfungal communities, and their structure can be a sensitive indicator of changing environmental conditions at a microscale.
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Hauschild P, Röttig A, Madkour MH, Al-Ansari AM, Almakishah NH, Steinbüchel A. Lipid accumulation in prokaryotic microorganisms from arid habitats. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:2203-2216. [PMID: 28175949 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8149-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This review shall provide support for the suitability of arid environments as preferred location to search for unknown lipid-accumulative bacteria. Bacterial lipids are attracting more and more attention as sustainable replacement for mineral oil in fuel and plastic production. The development of prokaryotic microorganisms in arid desert habitats is affected by its harsh living conditions. Drought, nutrient limitation, strong radiation, and extreme temperatures necessitate effective adaption mechanisms. Accumulation of storage lipids as energy reserve and source of metabolic water represents a common adaption in desert animals and presumably in desert bacteria and archaea as well. Comparison of corresponding literature resulted in several bacterial species from desert habitats, which had already been described as lipid-accumulative elsewhere. Based on the gathered information, literature on microbial communities in hot desert, cold desert, and humid soil were analyzed on its content of lipid-accumulative bacteria. With more than 50% of the total community size in single studies, hot deserts appear to be more favorable for lipid-accumulative species then humid soil (≤20%) and cold deserts (≤17%). Low bacterial lipid accumulation in cold deserts is assumed to result from the influence of low temperatures on fatty acids and the increased necessity of permanent adaption methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippa Hauschild
- Institut für Molekulare Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 3, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Annika Röttig
- Institut für Molekulare Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 3, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Mohamed H Madkour
- Environmental Sciences Department, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Al-Ansari
- Environmental Sciences Department, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naief H Almakishah
- Environmental Sciences Department, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alexander Steinbüchel
- Institut für Molekulare Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 3, D-48149, Münster, Germany. .,Environmental Sciences Department, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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8
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Sher Y, Ronen Z, Nejidat A. Differential response of ammonia-oxidizing archaea and bacteria to the wetting of salty arid soil. J Basic Microbiol 2016; 56:900-6. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201600035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yonatan Sher
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management; UC Berkeley; Berkeley CA USA
| | - Zeev Ronen
- Department of Environmental Hydrology and Microbiology, Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Midreshet Ben-Gurion Israel
| | - Ali Nejidat
- Department of Environmental Hydrology and Microbiology, Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Midreshet Ben-Gurion Israel
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9
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Bolton SJ, Bauchan GR, Ochoa R, Klompen H. A novel fluid-feeding mechanism for microbivory in the Acariformes (Arachnida: Acari). ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT 2015; 44:313-325. [PMID: 25958124 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Low temperature scanning electron microscopy (LT-SEM) has revealed anatomical details suggesting that Osperalycus and Gordialycus (Acariformes: Nematalycidae) have an unusual feeding apparatus that is hypothesized to be specialized for feeding on the fluid contents of small microorganisms (diameter<5 μm). Both mite genera have a feeding strategy that appears to involve picking up small microorganisms and placing them onto the subcapitulum for puncturing. However, they have slightly different variants of the same basic rupturing mechanism. Whereas Gordialycus has evolved expansive and convergent rutella to hold the microorganisms in place while pushing chelicerae into them, Osperalycus has evolved a pouch into which a microorganism is inserted. The rutella reinforce this pouch while the chelicerae break up the microorganism. Both types of mouthpart apparatus seem to be adapted to minimize waste, an appropriate specialization given the organically impoverished habitats in which these mites live.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Bolton
- Acarology Laboratory, Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, 1315 Kinnear Rd., Columbus, OH 43212, USA.
| | - Gary R Bauchan
- Electron and Confocal Microscopy Unit, USDA, ARS, BARC-West, Bldg. 012, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA
| | - Ronald Ochoa
- Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA, ARS, BARC-West, Bldg. 005, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA
| | - Hans Klompen
- Acarology Laboratory, Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, 1315 Kinnear Rd., Columbus, OH 43212, USA
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Sher Y, Zaady E, Nejidat A. Spatial and temporal diversity and abundance of ammonia oxidizers in semi-arid and arid soils: indications for a differential seasonal effect on archaeal and bacterial ammonia oxidizers. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2013; 86:544-56. [DOI: 10.1111/1574-6941.12180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yonatan Sher
- Department of Environmental Hydrology and Microbiology; Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research; Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Midreshet Sede Boqer Israel
| | - Eli Zaady
- Department of Natural Resources; Gilat Research Center; Agriculture Research Organization; Mobile Post Negev Israel
| | - Ali Nejidat
- Department of Environmental Hydrology and Microbiology; Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research; Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Midreshet Sede Boqer Israel
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11
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Homme CL, Sharp JO. Differential microbial transformation of nitrosamines by an inducible propane monooxygenase. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:7388-7395. [PMID: 23718280 DOI: 10.1021/es401129u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of N-nitrosamines, their presence in drinking and environmental water supplies, and poorly understood recalcitrance collectively necessitate a better understanding of their potential for bioattenuation. Here, we show that the bacterial strain Rhodococcus jostii RHA1 can biotransform N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine (NDPA), N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR), and possibly N-nitrosomorpholine (NMOR) in addition to N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA). Growth of cells on propane as the sole carbon source greatly enhanced degradation rates when contrasted with cells grown on complex organics. Propane-induced rates in order of fastest to slowest were NDMA > NDEA > NDPA > NPYR > NMOR at concentrations <2000 μg/L. Removal rates for linear functional groups scaled inversely with mass and cyclic nitrosamines were more recalcitrant than linear nitrosamines. Controls demonstrated significant NDEA and NDPA losses independent of biomass, suggesting abiotic processes may play a role in attenuation of these two compounds under experimental conditions tested here. In contrast to NDMA, a transition from first to zero order kinetics was not observed for the other nitrosamines included in this study over a concentration range of 20-2000 μg/L. A genetic knockout for the propane monooxygenase enzyme (PrMO) confirmed the role of this enzyme in the biotransformation of NDEA and NPYR. This study furthers our understanding of environmental nitrosamine attenuation by revealing an enzymatic mechanism for the biotransformation of multiple nitrosamines, their relative recalcitrance to transformation, and potential for abiotic loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carissa L Homme
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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12
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Zhang W, Zhang G, Liu G, Dong Z, Chen T, Zhang M, Dyson PJ, An L. Bacterial diversity and distribution in the southeast edge of the Tengger Desert and their correlation with soil enzyme activities. J Environ Sci (China) 2012; 24:2004-2011. [PMID: 23534235 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(11)61037-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The nature of microbial communities and their relation to enzyme activities in desert soils is a neglected area of investigation. To address this, the bacterial diversity and distribution and soil physico-chemical factors were investigated in the soil crust, the soil beneath the crust and rhizosphere soil at the southeast edge of the Tengger Desert, using the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of 16S rRNA genes amplified by the polymerase chain reaction. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequenced DGGE bands revealed a great diversity of bacteria. The Proteobacteria, consisting of the alpha, beta, and gamma subdivisions, were clearly the dominant group at all depths and in rhizosphere soil. Analysis of the enzyme activities indicated that the rhizosphere soil of Caragana korshinskii exhibited the highest protease and polyphenol oxidase activities, and in the soil crust there were increased activities of catalase, urease, dehydrogenase and sucrase. The bacterial community abundance closely correlated with soil enzyme activities in different soils. The presence of Cyanobacteria correlated with significant increases in protease, catalase and sucrase in the soil crust, and increased urease in the rhizosphere soil of Artemisia ordosica. The occurrence of Acidobacteria was associated with significant increases in urease, dehydrogenase, and sucrase in the rhizosphere soil of C. korshinski. The presence of gamma-Proteobacteria correlated with a significant increase in polyphenol oxidase in the rhizosphere soil of A. ordosica. The study indicated a close relationship between the soil bacterial community and soil enzymes, suggesting the necessity of further investigations into bacterial function in this desert ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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13
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Grishkan I, Nevo E. Spatiotemporal distribution of soil microfungi in the Makhtesh Ramon area, central Negev desert, Israel. FUNGAL ECOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2010.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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14
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Alvarez HM, Steinbüchel A. Physiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology of Triacylglycerol Accumulation by Rhodococcus. BIOLOGY OF RHODOCOCCUS 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-12937-7_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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15
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Alvarez HM, Silva RA, Cesari AC, Zamit AL, Peressutti SR, Reichelt R, Keller U, Malkus U, Rasch C, Maskow T, Mayer F, Steinbüchel A. Physiological and morphological responses of the soil bacterium Rhodococcus opacus strain PD630 to water stress. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2009; 50:75-86. [PMID: 19712366 DOI: 10.1016/j.femsec.2004.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhodococcus opacus PD630 was investigated for physiological and morphological changes under water stress challenge. Gluconate- and hexadecane-grown cells were extremely resistant to these conditions, and survival accounted for up to 300 and 400 days; respectively, when they were subjected to slow air-drying. Results of this study suggest that strain PD630 has specific mechanisms to withstand water stress. Water-stressed cells were sensitive to the application of ethanol, high temperatures and oxidative stress, whereas they exhibited cross-protection solely against osmotic stress during the first hours of application. Results indicate that the resistance programme for water stress in R. opacus PD630 includes the following physiological and morphological changes, among others: (1) energetic adjustments with drastic reduction of the metabolic activity ( approximately 39% decrease during the first 24 h and about 90% after 190 days under dehydration), (2) endogenous metabolism using intracellular triacylglycerols for generating energy and precursors, (3) biosynthesis of different osmolytes such as trehalose, ectoine and hydroxyectoine, which may achieve a water balance through osmotic adjustment and may explain the overlap between water and osmotic stress, (4) adjustments of the cell-wall through the turnover of mycolic acid species, as preliminary experiments revealed no evident changes in the thickness of the cell envelope, (5) formation of short fragmenting-cells as probable resistance forms, (6) production of an extracellular slime covering the surface of colonies, which probably regulates internal and external changes in water potential, and (7) formation of compact masses of cells. This contributes to understanding the water stress resistance processes in the soil bacterium R. opacus PD630.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor M Alvarez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, (9000) Comodoro Rivadavia, Argentina.
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Amashukeli X, Grunthaner FJ, Patrick SB, Yung PT. Subcritical water extractor for Mars analog soil analysis. ASTROBIOLOGY 2008; 8:597-604. [PMID: 18680410 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2007.0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Technologies that enable rapid and efficient extraction of biomarker compounds from various solid matrices are a critical requirement for the successful implementation of in situ chemical analysis of the martian regolith. Here, we describe a portable subcritical water extractor that mimics multiple organic solvent polarities by tuning the dielectric constant of liquid water through adjustment of temperature and pressure. Soil samples, collected from the Yungay region of the Atacama Desert (martian regolith analogue) in the summer of 2005, were used to test the instrument's performance. The total organic carbon was extracted from the samples at concentrations of 0.2-55.4 parts per million. The extraction data were compared to the total organic carbon content in the bulk soil, which was determined via a standard analytical procedure. The instrument's performance was examined over the temperature range of 25-250 degrees C at a fixed pressure of 20.7 MPa. Under these conditions, water remains in a subcritical fluid state with a dielectric constant varying between approximately 80 (at 25 degrees C) and approximately 30 (at 250 degrees C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xenia Amashukeli
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory and California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA.
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Hozzein WN, Ali MIA, Rabie W. A new preferential medium for enumeration and isolation of desert actinomycetes. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-007-9641-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Connon SA, Lester ED, Shafaat HS, Obenhuber DC, Ponce A. Bacterial diversity in hyperarid Atacama Desert soils. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jg000311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Adrian Ponce
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Pasadena California USA
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BAMFORTH STUARTS. Symposium on “Protozoan Ecology”: The Role of Protozoa in Litters and Soils1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1985.tb04035.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Abstract
Fusarium species assemblage and diversity were investigated in eight different contrasting extreme saline soil habitats of the hot arid desert environment of Bahrain. Saline habitats are located towards the central-southern part of Bahrain and featured by high electrical conductivity, slightly alkaline sandy soil, poor in nutrient sources and water holding capacity and mainly dominated by a salt-tolerant flora. Quantification of data for the recovery of Fusarium species was based on morphological characters and counts by a series of ten fold dilutions plate method and direct soil plating, using two selective media supplemented with different NaCl concentrations. A total of 68 isolates, fluctuated between 1 and 23 per soil sample, were recovered among all habitats mostly at 0 and 5% NaCl concentrations, while no recovery was achieved at 20 and 25%. Grouping of these isolates has resulted in only five species (F. solani, F. oxysporum, F. chlamydosporum, F. equiseti and F. compactum), all of which were previously reported from the arid terrestrial habitats of Bahrain. F. solani was the most predominant species, based on relative density, frequency of occurrence and dominance values, followed by F. oxysporum, a finding consistent with other similar arid Sahara ecosystems. Evaluation of data, supported by analysis of diversity indices and community coefficients, revealed that desert mountain habitat followed by burial mounds habitat were highly homogeneous coupled with maximum species richness, diversity indices and evenness, whereas soil habitats like cliffs, coastal and Al-Lowzy pit were the poorest. Moreover, in vitro tests showed that among other fusaria, F. solani exhibited the highest tolerance to increase NaCl concentrations (25%) and temperature (28.3 mm linear growth at 35 degrees C). At 10% NaCl concentrations, significant reduction in linear growth extensions suppressed all species accompanied by massive thick-walled, drought-resistant chlamydospores formation, indicating that species are mainly thermo-osmotolerant. Fusarium species recoveries were negatively significantly correlated (p < 0.05), with soil edaphic factors including salinity (r = -0.849) and soil moisture (r = -0.711). It is thus, proposed that inter and intra specific variation in the Fusarium species community, in particular soil niche, is an outcome of the influence of bioclimatic, multi-soil-edaphic and biotic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qaher A Mandeel
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, P.O. Box 32038, Sakier Campus, Kingdom of Bahrain.
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GRISHKAN ISABELLA, BEHARAV ALEX, KIRZHNER VALERY, NEVO EVIATAR. Adaptive spatiotemporal distribution of soil microfungi in ‘Evolution Canyon’ III, Nahal Shaharut, extreme southern Negev Desert, Israel. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2007.00722.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Boyd ML, Cotty PJ. Aspergillus flavus and Aflatoxin Contamination of Leguminous Trees of the Sonoran Desert in Arizona. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2001; 91:913-919. [PMID: 18944238 DOI: 10.1094/phyto.2001.91.9.913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Aspergillus spp. in section Flavi were frequently associated with desert tree legumes in uncultivated areas of the Sonoran Desert. Of 270 samples of debris and fruits of mesquite (Prosopis spp.), ironwood (Olneya tesota), acacia (Acacia spp.), and palo verde (Cercidium and Parkinsonia spp.), 87% were positive for A. flavus (S and L strains) and A. tamarii. A. flavus was the most common species (87%) among the 3,763 isolates examined. Mesquite pods were both the substrate from which A. flavus was recovered most frequently and the substrate from native habitats with the greatest aflatoxin content. In vitro, most desert legumes supported significant growth, reproduction, and aflatoxin production by A. flavus, with mesquite pods yielding 1 x 10(10) propagules/g and 5,000 mug/kg of aflatoxin B(1). Twenty percent of legume pods collected in the desert contained measurable quantities of aflatoxin, ranging from 1 to >2,500 mug/kg. Insect-damaged mesquite pods had significantly higher aflatoxin than intact pods. Legumes are apparently important reservoirs of aflatoxin-producing fungi and significant sources of aflatoxin contamination in the native Sonoran Desert habitats of Arizona.
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Del Valle HF, Rosell RA. Mineral Composition of Perennial Vegetation of Shrub Patches in Northeastern Patagonia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1080/089030600263148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Zahran HH. Rhizobium-legume symbiosis and nitrogen fixation under severe conditions and in an arid climate. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 1999; 63:968-89, table of contents. [PMID: 10585971 PMCID: PMC98982 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.63.4.968-989.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 522] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological N(2) fixation represents the major source of N input in agricultural soils including those in arid regions. The major N(2)-fixing systems are the symbiotic systems, which can play a significant role in improving the fertility and productivity of low-N soils. The Rhizobium-legume symbioses have received most attention and have been examined extensively. The behavior of some N(2)-fixing systems under severe environmental conditions such as salt stress, drought stress, acidity, alkalinity, nutrient deficiency, fertilizers, heavy metals, and pesticides is reviewed. These major stress factors suppress the growth and symbiotic characteristics of most rhizobia; however, several strains, distributed among various species of rhizobia, are tolerant to stress effects. Some strains of rhizobia form effective (N(2)-fixing) symbioses with their host legumes under salt, heat, and acid stresses, and can sometimes do so under the effect of heavy metals. Reclamation and improvement of the fertility of arid lands by application of organic (manure and sewage sludge) and inorganic (synthetic) fertilizers are expensive and can be a source of pollution. The Rhizobium-legume (herb or tree) symbiosis is suggested to be the ideal solution to the improvement of soil fertility and the rehabilitation of arid lands and is an important direction for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Zahran
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef, 62511 Egypt
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Frias-Hernandez JT, Aguilar-Ledezma AL, Olalde-Portugal V, Cinvestav-Ipn, Balderas-Lopez JA, Gutierrez-Juarez G, Alvarado-Gil JJ, Castro JJ, Vargas H, Albores A, Dendooven L, Cinvestav-Ipn, Balderas-Lopez JA, Upibi-Ipn, Miranda LCM, Frias-Hernandez JT. Research Note Soil Characteristics in Semiarid Highlands of Central Mexico as Affected by Mesquite Trees (Prosopis laevigata). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1080/089030699263339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Belnap J. Surface disturbances: Their role in accelerating desertification. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 1995; 37:39-57. [PMID: 24197839 DOI: 10.1007/bf00546879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining soil stability and normal water and nutrient cycles in desert systems is critical to avoiding desertification. These particular ecosystem processes are threatened by trampling of livestock and people, and by off-road vehicle use. Soil compaction and disruption of cryptobiotic soil surfaces (composed of cyanobacteria, lichens, and mosses) can result in decreased water availability to vascular plants through decreased water infiltration and increased albedo with possible decreased precipitation. Surface disturbance may also cause accelerated soil loss through wind and water erosion and decreased diversity and abundance of soil biota. In addition, nutrient cycles can be altered through lowered nitrogen and carbon inputs and slowed decomposition of soil organic matter, resulting in lower nutrient levels in associated vascular plants. Some cold desert systems may be especially susceptible to these disruptions due to the paucity of surface-rooting vascular plants for soil stabilization, fewer nitrogen-fixing higher plants, and lower soil temperatures, which slow nutrient cycles. Desert soils may recover slowly from surface disturbances, resulting in increased vulnerability to desertification. Recovery from compaction and decreased soil stability is estimated to take several hundred years. Re-establishment rates for soil bacterial and fungal populations are not known. The nitrogen fixation capability of soil requires at least 50 years to recover. Recovery of crusts can be hampered by large amounts of moving sediment, and re-establishment can be extremely difficult in some areas. Given the sensitivity of these resources and slow recovery times, desertification threatens million of hectares of semiarid lands in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Belnap
- National Biological Service, 2282 S. West Resource Blvd., 84532, Moab, Utah, USA
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West NE, Stark JM, Johnson DW, Abrams MM, Wight JR, Heggem D, Peck S. Effects of climatic change on the edaphic features of arid and semiarid lands of western North America. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1080/15324989409381408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Simon RD, Abeliovich A, Belkin S. A novel terrestrial halophilic environment: The phylloplane of Atriplex halimus, a salt-excreting plant. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 1994. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.1994.tb00097.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Garcia‐Alvarez A, Ibañez JJ. Seasonal fluctuations and crop influence on microbiota and enzyme activity in fully developed soils of central Spain. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1080/15324989409381390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Stotzky G, Zeph LR, Devanas MA. Factors affecting the transfer of genetic information among microorganisms in soil. BIOTECHNOLOGY (READING, MASS.) 1991; 15:95-122. [PMID: 2009389 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-409-90199-3.50012-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Stotzky G, Devanas MA, Zeph LR. Methods for studying bacterial gene transfer in soil by conjugation and transduction. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 1990; 35:57-169. [PMID: 2205084 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2164(08)70243-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Stotzky
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York 10003
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Polysaccharides in desert reclamation: Compositions of exocellular proteoglycan complexes produced by filamentous blue-green and unicellular green edaphic algae. Carbohydr Res 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(89)84128-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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